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JP3751500B2 - Magnetoresistive element and magnetic sensor - Google Patents
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JP3751500B2 - Magnetoresistive element and magnetic sensor - Google Patents

Magnetoresistive element and magnetic sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3751500B2
JP3751500B2 JP2000103198A JP2000103198A JP3751500B2 JP 3751500 B2 JP3751500 B2 JP 3751500B2 JP 2000103198 A JP2000103198 A JP 2000103198A JP 2000103198 A JP2000103198 A JP 2000103198A JP 3751500 B2 JP3751500 B2 JP 3751500B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
magnetoresistive effect
magnetic sensor
transmission line
directional coupler
magnetoresistive
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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JP2000103198A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2001289926A (en
Inventor
太好 高
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tohoku Ricoh Co Ltd
Ricoh Co Ltd
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Tohoku Ricoh Co Ltd
Ricoh Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2000103198A priority Critical patent/JP3751500B2/en
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  • Magnetic Heads (AREA)
  • Hall/Mr Elements (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、磁気抵抗効果素子および磁気センサに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来の磁気センサとしては、MRセンサ、MI(磁気インピーダンス)センサ、フラックスゲートセンサ、半導体ホール効果センサが用いられている。
【0003】
このうち、MIセンサは、MI素子という磁気抵抗効果素子を用いるものであり、薄膜化でき、小型化が容易であるため、近年開発され、改良されてきた。このMIセンサは、磁気抵抗効果素子に高周波電流を流し、その高周波インピーダンスの磁界による変化によって、検出対象である磁界強度を検知するものである。
【0004】
このMIセンサ、MI素子に関する技術は、特開平9-318719号公報、特開平11-109006号公報、特開平10-307145号公報、特開平7-181239号公報などに開示されている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来のMIセンサは、比較的低周波での検知が目的であったので、周波数帯域は比較的低周波でよかった。しかし、磁界検知においても高周波化が必要となってきており、これを実現するためには、印加する高周波の周波数帯域の増加が必要とされ、従来のMIセンサでは不十分であるという不具合がある。
【0006】
この発明の目的は、通電する電流の高周波化が可能として、磁気抵抗効果素子を用いた磁気センサの感度を高めることである。
【0007】
この発明の別の目的は、さらに磁気センサの感度を高めることである。
【0008】
この発明の別の目的は、装置をコンパクト化することである。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1に記載の発明は、磁気抵抗効果材料により形成された磁気抵抗効果部材と、前記磁気抵抗効果部材が一部または全部をなす伝送線路とを備え、前記伝送線路に交流電流を入力して磁界を測定する磁気抵抗効果素子であって、当該磁気抵抗効果素子に前記伝送線路の入射波と反射波との分離を行う方向性結合器が実装され、該入射波と反射波との比に基づいて得られたインピーダンスの変動により磁界を測定することを特徴とする磁気抵抗効果素子である。
【0010】
したがって、磁気抵抗効果部材は伝送線路の一部または全部をなしているので、通電する電流の高周波化が可能となり、磁気抵抗効果素子を用いた磁気センサの感度を高めることができる。さらに、方向性結合器を磁気抵抗効果素子に実装することで、装置をコンパクト化することができ、入射波と反射波との比に基づいて、さらに高感度で磁界を測定することができる。
【0011】
請求項2に記載の発明は、磁気抵抗効果材料により形成された磁気抵抗効果部材と、該磁気抵抗効果部材が一部または全部をなす伝送線路とを有する磁気抵抗効果素子と、前記磁気抵抗効果素子に実装された方向性結合器を有し、伝送線路に交流電流を入力する駆動回路とを備え、前記駆動回路は、方向性結合器が伝送線路の入射波と反射波との分離を行い、該入射波と反射波との比に基づいて得られたインピーダンスの変動により磁界を測定する磁気センサである。
【0012】
したがって、磁気抵抗効果部材は伝送線路の一部または全部をなしているので、通電する電流の高周波化が可能となり、磁気センサの感度を高めることができる。さらに、方向性結合器を磁気抵抗効果素子に実装することで、装置をコンパクト化することができ、入射波と反射波との比に基づいて、さらに高感度で磁界を測定することができる。
【0013】
請求項3に記載の発明は、請求項2に記載の磁気センサにおいて、前記磁気抵抗効果素子および駆動回路は基板に実装されてなるものである。
【0016】
したがって、入射波と反射波との比に基づいて、さらに高感度で磁界を測定することができる。
【0017】
請求項5に記載の発明は、請求項4に記載の磁気センサにおいて、前記駆動回路は、前記入射波と前記反射波との分離を行う方向性結合器と、前記磁気抵抗効果部材および前記伝送線路が形成された磁気抵抗効果素子とを備え、前記方向性結合器は前記磁気抵抗効果素子に実装されているものである。
【0020】
したがって、磁気抵抗効果素子および駆動回路を基板に実装することで、さらに装置をコンパクト化することができる。
【0021】
請求項4記載の発明は、請求項2記載の磁気センサにおいて、前記方向性結合器を除く前記駆動回路が形成された半導体装置と、前記半導体装置の一つの面に磁気抵抗効果素子および方向性結合器が形成されてなるものである。
請求項5記載の発明は、請求項2または4記載の磁気センサにおいて、前記方向性結合器を除く前記駆動回路は半導体基板に形成され、前記半導体基板上に絶縁層を介して磁気抵抗効果素子および方向性結合器が設けられ、前記駆動回路、磁気抵抗効果素子、および方向性結合器との間はスルーホールを介して接続されているものである。
【0022】
したがって、モノリシックに構成することで、装置をコンパクト化することができる。
【0023】
【発明の実施の形態】
[発明の実施の形態1]
この発明の一実施の形態を発明の実施の形態1として説明する。
【0024】
最初に、この発明の実施の形態1である磁気抵抗効果素子の製造方法について説明する。
【0025】
まず、図1に示すように、この磁気抵抗効果素子1を製作するためには、まず、石英、ガラスなどの絶縁基板2の表面にFe20−Ni80の膜3をスパッタ成膜する。このFe20−Ni80の膜3は磁気抵抗効果を示すものである。膜3は、金属材料であれば、測定対象である磁界の強度に応じて種々のものを選択することができる。例えば、Fe20−Ni80以外にも、Ni−Fe、CuMoパーマロイ、CoFeBアモルファス、FeSiCoBアモルファスなどの材料を選択することができる。なお、Fe20−Ni80を用いる場合はメッキ法を用いることもできる。膜3の膜厚は、例えば、1μmとすることができるが、これも磁気抵抗効果素子1の感度その他の必要に応じて選択することができる。絶縁基板2としては、石英、ガラス以外の材料を用いてもよいし、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリイミドなどのフレキシブルな材料を用いてもよい。
【0026】
次に、図2に示すように、半導体製作工程に用いられる一般的なフォトリソグラフィ技術とCF4+H2を用いたRIEにより膜3を加工して、コープレーナ伝送線路を構成する、磁気抵抗効果材料からなる磁気抵抗効果部材4のパターンを形成する。この磁気抵抗効果部材4のパターンは直線状に、かつ、磁気抵抗効果素子として機能できるように、例えば、幅10μm×長さ1mmの長方形状にする。この寸法は目的によって様々に選択できる。また、エッチング手法はウエットエッチング手法も取れる。その場合、ニッチング液は王水などを用いることができる。
【0027】
その後、図3に示すように、磁気抵抗効果部材4上に、絶縁層5としてSiO2膜をスパッタで成膜する。SiO2の成膜には、EB蒸着法やCVD法など他の成膜手段を用いてもよい。絶縁層5の材料としてはSi34など他の絶縁材料を用いることもできる。同様に、一般的なフォトリソグラフィ技術と、CF4+H2を用いたRIEにより、絶縁層5にスルーホール6,6を開ける。このスルーホール6,6は中心導体部4aの両端部分に連通する孔となる。絶縁層5をエッチングする手段としてはウエットエッチングを用いてもよいが、スルーホール6,6の形成のために絶縁基板2もエッチングされる場合には、絶縁基板2の裏面をレジストなどで保護する必要がある。なお、フォトリソ工程によっては絶縁層5の形成を必要としない工程とすることができる。
【0028】
次に、図4に示すように、非磁性金属であるAlでコープレーナ伝送線路の外導体部およびパッド部を作製する。すなわち、図3に示す状態の磁気抵抗効果素子1上にスパッタにより成膜して、その後、磁気抵抗効果部材4のパターンの形成と同様の手段でその膜を加工して、外導体部およびパッド部を作製することができる。なお、Alの成膜法は蒸着法などの他の成膜手段によってもよい。非磁性金属はCu,Ag,Auまたはその合金などを用いてもよい。
【0029】
この例での伝送線路15の構造はコープレーナ線路型であり、図4に示すように、絶縁基板2上に中心導体部4a用の入力用パッド部7a、出力用パッド部7bを形成する。この中心導体用の入力用パッド部7a、出力用パッド部7bは、中心導体部4aの両端部にスルーホール6,6を介して接続するように形成する。また、絶縁基板2上に外導体部8,8を形成し、この各外導体部8の両端部に連続して外導体パッド部9を形成する。これにより、磁気センサ11が完成する。
【0030】
伝送線路15の構造として、コープレーナ線路型の他にマイクロストリップ型、トリプレート型等の伝送線路を用いてもよい。また、何れのタイプの伝送線路であっても、それぞれの伝送線路部で中心導体部以外にも外導体部(マノクロストリップ型の場合はグラウンドプレーン)も磁気抵抗効果部材とする構成としてもよい。さらに、必要に応じて、中心導体部を非磁性金属薄膜とし、外導体部(マイクロストリップ型の場合はグラウンドプレーン)を磁気低抗効果部とする構成としてもよい。
【0031】
図11に示すように、従来の磁気抵抗効果素子の接続用配線の場合には、引回しのために曲がりが形成され、あるいは、ループ状になることが多かった。すなわち、図11に示すMIセンサの素子部101では、引出線102とパーマロイ膜103との間に直角の曲がりが形成されている。符号104は、バイアス用およびフィードバック用の巻線である。
【0032】
これに対し、本発明の実施の形態1では、伝送線路上に配置した磁気抵抗効果部材である磁気抵抗効果部材4が伝送線路の一部をなすために、通電する電流の高周波化を容易に実現することができる。
【0033】
図5は、本発明の実施の形態1である磁気センサ11の等価回路の回路図である。この磁気センサ11は、磁気抵抗効果素子1およびその駆動回路12とからなる。図5に示すように、駆動回路12は、一定の高周波電流を磁気抵抗効果素子1に通電する駆動用定電流源13と、磁気抵抗効果素子1の出力電圧を検出する検波回路14と、検波回路14の出力電圧を増幅する増幅器16とからなる。そして、磁気抵抗効果素子1および駆動回路12からなる系の各部を概ねインピーダンス整合させることで、磁気センサ11を駆動できる高周波電流値の周波数をより高くすることができる。その上で、磁気抵抗効果部材4に対する外部磁界の影響による表皮効果の変化によって、伝送線路15は磁界によりそのインピーダンスが変わる。これにより、伝送線路15に伝達される高周波電圧が変動する。これを検波回路14において検知し、磁界に対して検知した電圧変動量により磁界を測定することができる。
【0034】
以上説明した、この発明の実施の形態1である磁気センサ11によれば、駆動周波数の高周波数化を可能として、従来に比べて高感度に磁界を検知することができる。
【0035】
[発明の実施の形態2]
この発明の別の実施の形態を発明の実施の形態2として説明する。
【0036】
図6は、この発明の実施の形態2である磁気センサ11の等価回路の回路図である。図6において、図1〜図5と同一符号の部材などは、発明の実施の形態1と同様であり、以下の説明でも同一符号を用い、詳細な説明は省略する。
【0037】
図6に示すように、この磁気センサ11は、その駆動回路12において、磁気抵抗効果部材4の電圧を検知する電圧検知回路21と、磁気抵抗効果部材4の電流を検知する電流検知回路22と、電圧検知回路21で検出した電圧値と電流検知回路22で検出した電流値との比を求める電圧電流比演算回路部23とを備えている。
【0038】
以上のような構成の磁気センサ11で、電圧検知回路21および電流検知回路22で、磁気抵抗効果部材4の電圧値、電流値を検出し、この電圧値、電流値の比を電圧電流比演算回路部23で求め、この比をもって、磁気抵抗効果部材4のインピーダンスの変化分として、磁界の測定を行うことができる。
【0039】
以上説明した、この発明の実施の形態2である磁気センサ11によれば、駆動周波数の高周波化を可能として、従来に比べて高感度に磁界を検知することができる。
【0040】
また、磁気抵抗効果部材4のインピーダンスの変化分を直接測定できるので、発明の実施の形態1の場合と比べて測定の感度をさらに向上させることができる。この発明の実施の形態2の場合でも、伝送線路15は、平行線路型、マイクロストリップ型、トリプレート型、コープレーナ型等の伝送路を用いることができる。
【0041】
[発明の実施の形態3]
図7は、この発明の実施の形態3である磁気センサ11の等価回路の回路図である。図7において、図1〜図5と同一符号の部材などは、発明の実施の形態1と同様であり、以下の説明でも同一符号を用い、詳細な説明は省略する。
【0042】
図7に示すように、この磁気センサ11は、その駆動回路12において、駆動用定電流源13の出力を磁気抵抗効果素子1に印加する伝送線路で入射波と反射波とを分離する方向性結合器31と、この分離された入射波を検出する高周波検知器32と、分離された反射波を検出する高周波検出器33と、検出された入射波と反射波との比を求める入射波/反射波電力比演算回路34とを備えている。
【0043】
以上のような構成の磁気センサ11で、磁気抵抗効果素子1に印加する入射波と反射波とを求め、その比をもって、磁気抵抗効果部材4のインピーダンスの変化分として、磁界の測定を行うことができる。
【0044】
以上説明した、この発明の実施の形態3である磁気センサ11によれば、駆動周波数の高周波化を可能として、従来に比べて高感度に磁界を検知することができる。
【0045】
また、磁気抵抗効果部材4のインピーダンスの変化分を直接測定できるので、発明の実施の形態1の場合と比べて測定の感度をさらに向上させることができる。この発明の実施の形態3の場合でも、伝送線路15は、平行線路型、マイクロストリップ型、トリプレート型、コープレーナ型等の伝送路を用いることができる。
【0046】
[発明の実施の形態4]
図8は、この発明の実施の形態4である磁気センサ11の磁気抵抗効果素子の平面図である。図8において、図1〜図5、図7と同一符号の部材などは、発明の実施の形態1、3と同様であり、以下の説明でも同一符号を用い、詳細な説明は省略する。
【0047】
図8に示すように、この磁気センサ11は、その磁気抵抗効果素子1に方向性結合器31が実装されている構成である。すなわち、発明の実施の形態3と同様に伝送線路15の中心導体部4aには、磁気抵抗効果部材4を含んでいる。そして、中心導体部4aの一部には方向性結合器31が薄膜で形成されることにより実装されていて、方向性結合器31で分離した入射波、反射波をそれぞれ外部に出力する入射波検知用パッド41、反射波検知用パッド42も実装されている。
【0048】
したがって、方向性結合器31が磁気抵抗効果素子1に実装されることで、装置を小型化することができる。
【0049】
また、図9に示すように、図8に示す磁気抵抗効果素子1、駆動用定電流源13、高周波検知器32,33、入射波/反射波電力比演算回路34、さらには、終端抵抗43を、半田付けや導電性接着剤を用いてPCB基板44上に実装するようにしてもよい。この場合に、各回路要素は、コネクタ45,45,…、接続ケーブル46,46,…により接続する。
【0050】
これにより、各回路要素が一枚のPCB基板44上に実装されるので、装置を小型化することができる。
【0051】
[発明の実施の形態5]
図10は、この発明の実施の形態5である磁気センサ11の磁気抵抗効果素子の平面図である。図10において、図1〜図9と同一符号の部材などは、発明の実施の形態1〜4と同様であり、以下の説明でも同一符号を用い、詳細な説明は省略する。
【0052】
図10に示すように、この磁気センサ11は、あらかじめ、例えば、Si,GaAs等の半導体基板51上に、駆動用定電流源13、高周波検知器32,33、入射波/反射波電力比演算回路34、さらには、検波および増幅用の信号処理回路52などの駆動回路12を通常の半導体製造プロセスにより形成する。さらに、これらを形成後の半導体基板51上に、絶縁層53およびスルーホール54,54,…を形成する。絶縁層53およびスルーホール54を形成後の半導体基板51上に、前記の磁気抵抗効果素子1を構成する回路要素を形成する。すなわち、磁気抵抗効果部材4、中心導体部4aおよび外導体部8などの伝送線路15、ならびに、方向性結合器31などである。そして、磁気抵抗効果素子1を構成する回路要素と駆動回路12とをスルーホール54,54,…を介して接続する。なお、図10では、伝送線路15、方向性結合器31は、コープレーナ線路型の例で示しており、DC電源や、このDC電源の接続用のパッド部などは省略している。
【0053】
したがって、半導体基板51上に、駆動回路12を半導体製造プロセスで形成し、その上に磁気抵抗効果素子1および前記方向性結合器31が絶縁層53を介して薄膜で形成されていて、駆動回路12と磁気抵抗効果素子1および方向性結合器31との間はスルーホール54,54,…を介して接続されているので、装置を小型化することができる。
【0054】
【発明の効果】
請求項1に記載の発明は、磁気抵抗効果部材は伝送線路の一部または全部をなしているので、通電する電流の高周波化が可能となり、磁気抵抗効果素子を用いた磁気センサの感度を高めることができる。さらに、方向性結合器を磁気抵抗効果素子に実装することで、装置をコンパクト化することができ、入射波と反射波との比に基づいて、さらに高感度で磁界を測定することができる。
【0055】
請求項2に記載の発明は、磁気抵抗効果部材は伝送線路の一部または全部をなしているので、通電する電流の高周波化が可能となり、磁気センサの感度を高めることができる。さらに、方向性結合器を磁気抵抗効果素子に実装することで、装置をコンパクト化することができ、入射波と反射波との比に基づいて、さらに高感度で磁界を測定することができる。
【0059】
請求項3に記載の発明は、請求項2に記載の磁気センサにおいて、磁気抵抗効果素子および駆動回路を基板に実装することで、さらに装置をコンパクト化することができる。
【0060】
請求項5に記載の発明は、請求項2または4に記載の磁気センサにおいて、モノリシックに構成することで、装置をコンパクト化することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】この発明の実施の形態1である磁気抵抗効果素子の製造方法の説明図である。
【図2】同説明図である。
【図3】同説明図である。
【図4】同説明図である。
【図5】前記磁気抵抗効果素子を備えた磁気センサの等価回路の回路図である。
【図6】この発明の実施の形態2である磁気センサの等価回路の回路図である。
【図7】この発明の実施の形態3である磁気センサの等価回路の回路図である。
【図8】この発明の実施の形態4である磁気センサの磁気抵抗効果素子の平面図である。
【図9】この発明の実施の形態4である磁気センサの平面図である。
【図10】この発明の実施の形態5である磁気センサの平面図である。
【図11】従来のMIセンサの説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1 磁気抵抗効果素子
4 磁気抵抗効果部材
11 磁気センサ
12 駆動回路
15 伝送線路
31 方向性結合器
44 基板
51 半導体基板
53 絶縁層
54 スルーホール
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a magnetoresistive effect element and a magnetic sensor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As conventional magnetic sensors, MR sensors, MI (magnetic impedance) sensors, fluxgate sensors, and semiconductor Hall effect sensors are used.
[0003]
Among these, the MI sensor uses a magnetoresistive effect element called an MI element, and since it can be thinned and easily reduced in size, it has been developed and improved in recent years. This MI sensor detects a magnetic field intensity that is a detection target by passing a high-frequency current through a magnetoresistive effect element and changing the high-frequency impedance due to a magnetic field.
[0004]
Techniques relating to the MI sensor and the MI element are disclosed in JP-A-9-318719, JP-A-11-109006, JP-A-10-307145, JP-A-7-181239, and the like.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Since the conventional MI sensor is intended for detection at a relatively low frequency, the frequency band may be relatively low. However, high frequency is also required in magnetic field detection, and in order to realize this, it is necessary to increase the frequency band of the applied high frequency, and there is a problem that conventional MI sensors are insufficient. .
[0006]
An object of the present invention is to increase the sensitivity of a magnetic sensor using a magnetoresistive effect element by making it possible to increase the frequency of an energized current.
[0007]
Another object of the present invention is to further increase the sensitivity of the magnetic sensor.
[0008]
Another object of the present invention is to make the apparatus compact.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention according to claim 1 includes a magnetoresistive effect member formed of a magnetoresistive effect material, and a transmission line that forms part or all of the magnetoresistive effect member, and an alternating current is input to the transmission line. A magnetoresistive effect element for measuring a magnetic field, wherein a directional coupler for separating the incident wave and the reflected wave of the transmission line is mounted on the magnetoresistive effect element, and the ratio of the incident wave to the reflected wave The magnetoresistive effect element is characterized in that a magnetic field is measured by an impedance variation obtained based on the above.
[0010]
Therefore, since the magnetoresistive effect member forms part or all of the transmission line, it is possible to increase the frequency of the current to be passed, and the sensitivity of the magnetic sensor using the magnetoresistive effect element can be increased. Furthermore, by mounting the directional coupler on the magnetoresistive effect element, the apparatus can be made compact, and the magnetic field can be measured with higher sensitivity based on the ratio of the incident wave and the reflected wave.
[0011]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a magnetoresistive effect element having a magnetoresistive effect member formed of a magnetoresistive effect material, a transmission line that forms part or all of the magnetoresistive effect member, and the magnetoresistive effect. And a drive circuit that inputs an alternating current to the transmission line. The drive circuit separates the incident wave from the transmission line from the reflected wave. A magnetic sensor that measures a magnetic field by impedance variation obtained based on a ratio between the incident wave and the reflected wave.
[0012]
Therefore, since the magnetoresistive member constitutes part or all of the transmission line, it is possible to increase the frequency of the current to be passed, and the sensitivity of the magnetic sensor can be increased. Furthermore, by mounting the directional coupler on the magnetoresistive effect element, the apparatus can be made compact, and the magnetic field can be measured with higher sensitivity based on the ratio of the incident wave and the reflected wave.
[0013]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the magnetic sensor according to the second aspect, the magnetoresistive effect element and the drive circuit are mounted on a substrate.
[0016]
Therefore, the magnetic field can be measured with higher sensitivity based on the ratio between the incident wave and the reflected wave.
[0017]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the magnetic sensor according to the fourth aspect, the drive circuit includes a directional coupler that separates the incident wave and the reflected wave, the magnetoresistive effect member, and the transmission. A magnetoresistive effect element having a line formed thereon, and the directional coupler is mounted on the magnetoresistive effect element.
[0020]
Therefore, the device can be further downsized by mounting the magnetoresistive element and the drive circuit on the substrate.
[0021]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the magnetic sensor according to the second aspect, the semiconductor device in which the drive circuit excluding the directional coupler is formed, a magnetoresistive effect element and a directionality on one surface of the semiconductor device. A coupler is formed.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the magnetic sensor according to the second or fourth aspect, the drive circuit excluding the directional coupler is formed on a semiconductor substrate, and a magnetoresistive effect element is formed on the semiconductor substrate via an insulating layer. A directional coupler is provided, and the drive circuit, the magnetoresistive effect element, and the directional coupler are connected through a through hole.
[0022]
Therefore, the apparatus can be made compact by configuring it monolithically.
[0023]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiment 1 of the Invention
An embodiment of the present invention will be described as Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
[0024]
Initially, the manufacturing method of the magnetoresistive effect element which is Embodiment 1 of this invention is demonstrated.
[0025]
First, as shown in FIG. 1, in order to manufacture the magnetoresistive element 1, first, a film 20 of Fe20-Ni80 is formed by sputtering on the surface of an insulating substrate 2 such as quartz or glass. This Fe20-Ni80 film 3 exhibits a magnetoresistive effect. As the film 3, various materials can be selected according to the strength of the magnetic field to be measured as long as it is a metal material. For example, in addition to Fe20-Ni80, materials such as Ni-Fe, CuMo permalloy, CoFeB amorphous, FeSiCoB amorphous can be selected. In addition, when using Fe20-Ni80, a plating method can also be used. The film thickness of the film 3 can be set to 1 μm, for example, but this can also be selected according to the sensitivity of the magnetoresistive effect element 1 and other needs. As the insulating substrate 2, a material other than quartz or glass may be used, or a flexible material such as polyethylene terephthalate or polyimide may be used.
[0026]
Next, as shown in FIG. 2, a magnetoresistive material that forms a coplanar transmission line by processing the film 3 by a general photolithography technique used in a semiconductor manufacturing process and RIE using CF 4 + H 2. A pattern of the magnetoresistive effect member 4 is formed. The pattern of the magnetoresistive member 4 is, for example, a rectangular shape having a width of 10 μm and a length of 1 mm so that it can function as a magnetoresistive element. This dimension can be variously selected depending on the purpose. Moreover, the wet etching method can also be taken as an etching method. In that case, aqua regia etc. can be used for the niching liquid.
[0027]
Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 3, an SiO 2 film is formed as an insulating layer 5 on the magnetoresistive member 4 by sputtering. For film formation of SiO 2 , other film forming means such as EB vapor deposition or CVD may be used. As the material of the insulating layer 5, other insulating materials such as Si 3 N 4 can be used. Similarly, the through holes 6 and 6 are opened in the insulating layer 5 by a general photolithography technique and RIE using CF 4 + H 2 . The through holes 6 and 6 serve as holes communicating with both end portions of the central conductor portion 4a. As a means for etching the insulating layer 5, wet etching may be used. However, when the insulating substrate 2 is also etched to form the through holes 6 and 6, the back surface of the insulating substrate 2 is protected with a resist or the like. There is a need. In addition, depending on the photolithography process, it can be set as the process which does not require formation of the insulating layer 5. FIG.
[0028]
Next, as shown in FIG. 4, the outer conductor part and the pad part of the coplanar transmission line are made of Al which is a nonmagnetic metal. That is, a film is formed on the magnetoresistive effect element 1 in the state shown in FIG. 3 by sputtering, and then the film is processed by the same means as the pattern formation of the magnetoresistive effect member 4 to obtain the outer conductor portion and the pad. Part can be produced. The Al film forming method may be other film forming means such as an evaporation method. The nonmagnetic metal may be Cu, Ag, Au, or an alloy thereof.
[0029]
The structure of the transmission line 15 in this example is a coplanar line type, and as shown in FIG. 4, an input pad portion 7a for the central conductor portion 4a and an output pad portion 7b are formed on the insulating substrate 2. The center pad input pad portion 7a and the output pad portion 7b are formed so as to be connected to both ends of the center conductor portion 4a through through holes 6 and 6, respectively. Further, outer conductor portions 8 and 8 are formed on the insulating substrate 2, and outer conductor pad portions 9 are formed continuously at both ends of each outer conductor portion 8. Thereby, the magnetic sensor 11 is completed.
[0030]
As the structure of the transmission line 15, a microstrip type or a triplate type transmission line may be used in addition to the coplanar line type. Further, in any type of transmission line, an outer conductor portion (a ground plane in the case of a manocross trip type) may be used as a magnetoresistive effect member in addition to the central conductor portion in each transmission line portion. . Further, if necessary, the central conductor portion may be a non-magnetic metal thin film, and the outer conductor portion (ground plane in the case of a microstrip type) may be a magnetic resistance effect portion.
[0031]
As shown in FIG. 11, in the case of a conventional wiring for connecting a magnetoresistive effect element, a bending is often formed for routing or a loop shape is often obtained. That is, in the element portion 101 of the MI sensor shown in FIG. 11, a right angle bend is formed between the lead wire 102 and the permalloy film 103. Reference numeral 104 denotes a winding for bias and feedback.
[0032]
On the other hand, in the first embodiment of the present invention, since the magnetoresistive effect member 4 that is a magnetoresistive effect member arranged on the transmission line forms a part of the transmission line, the energization current can be easily increased in frequency. Can be realized.
[0033]
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of an equivalent circuit of the magnetic sensor 11 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The magnetic sensor 11 includes a magnetoresistive effect element 1 and a drive circuit 12 thereof. As shown in FIG. 5, the drive circuit 12 includes a driving constant current source 13 that supplies a constant high-frequency current to the magnetoresistive effect element 1, a detection circuit 14 that detects an output voltage of the magnetoresistive effect element 1, and a detection The amplifier 16 amplifies the output voltage of the circuit 14. The frequency of the high-frequency current value that can drive the magnetic sensor 11 can be further increased by impedance-matching each part of the system including the magnetoresistive effect element 1 and the drive circuit 12. In addition, the impedance of the transmission line 15 is changed by the magnetic field due to the change of the skin effect due to the influence of the external magnetic field on the magnetoresistive effect member 4. As a result, the high-frequency voltage transmitted to the transmission line 15 varies. This can be detected by the detection circuit 14, and the magnetic field can be measured by the amount of voltage fluctuation detected with respect to the magnetic field.
[0034]
According to the magnetic sensor 11 according to the first embodiment of the present invention described above, the drive frequency can be increased, and the magnetic field can be detected with higher sensitivity than in the past.
[0035]
[Embodiment 2 of the Invention]
Another embodiment of the present invention will be described as a second embodiment of the present invention.
[0036]
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of an equivalent circuit of the magnetic sensor 11 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 6, members and the like having the same reference numerals as those in FIGS.
[0037]
As shown in FIG. 6, the magnetic sensor 11 includes a voltage detection circuit 21 that detects the voltage of the magnetoresistive effect member 4 and a current detection circuit 22 that detects the current of the magnetoresistive effect member 4. A voltage-current ratio calculation circuit unit 23 for obtaining a ratio between the voltage value detected by the voltage detection circuit 21 and the current value detected by the current detection circuit 22.
[0038]
With the magnetic sensor 11 configured as described above, the voltage detection circuit 21 and the current detection circuit 22 detect the voltage value and current value of the magnetoresistive effect member 4, and the ratio of the voltage value and current value is calculated as a voltage-current ratio calculation. The magnetic field can be measured as the amount of change in impedance of the magnetoresistive effect member 4 obtained by the circuit unit 23 and using this ratio.
[0039]
According to the magnetic sensor 11 according to the second embodiment of the present invention described above, the drive frequency can be increased, and the magnetic field can be detected with higher sensitivity than in the past.
[0040]
In addition, since the change in impedance of the magnetoresistive effect member 4 can be directly measured, the sensitivity of measurement can be further improved compared to the case of the first embodiment of the invention. Even in the case of the second embodiment of the present invention, the transmission line 15 can be a parallel line type, a microstrip type, a triplate type, a coplanar type or the like.
[0041]
Embodiment 3 of the Invention
FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of an equivalent circuit of the magnetic sensor 11 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 7, members and the like having the same reference numerals as those in FIGS.
[0042]
As shown in FIG. 7, this magnetic sensor 11 has a directivity that separates an incident wave and a reflected wave by a transmission line that applies the output of the driving constant current source 13 to the magnetoresistive effect element 1 in the drive circuit 12. A coupler 31, a high frequency detector 32 for detecting the separated incident wave, a high frequency detector 33 for detecting the separated reflected wave, and an incident wave / determining the ratio of the detected incident wave to the reflected wave. And a reflected wave power ratio calculation circuit 34.
[0043]
Using the magnetic sensor 11 having the above-described configuration, the incident wave and the reflected wave applied to the magnetoresistive effect element 1 are obtained, and the magnetic field is measured using the ratio as a change in impedance of the magnetoresistive effect member 4. Can do.
[0044]
According to the magnetic sensor 11 according to the third embodiment of the present invention described above, the drive frequency can be increased, and the magnetic field can be detected with higher sensitivity than in the past.
[0045]
In addition, since the change in impedance of the magnetoresistive effect member 4 can be directly measured, the sensitivity of measurement can be further improved compared to the case of the first embodiment of the invention. Even in the case of the third embodiment of the present invention, the transmission line 15 may be a transmission line such as a parallel line type, a microstrip type, a triplate type, and a coplanar type.
[0046]
[Embodiment 4 of the Invention]
FIG. 8 is a plan view of the magnetoresistive effect element of the magnetic sensor 11 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. 8, members and the like having the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1 to 5 and 7 are the same as those in the first and third embodiments, and the same reference numerals are used in the following description, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
[0047]
As shown in FIG. 8, the magnetic sensor 11 has a configuration in which a directional coupler 31 is mounted on the magnetoresistive element 1. That is, the magnetoresistive effect member 4 is included in the central conductor portion 4a of the transmission line 15 as in the third embodiment of the invention. The directional coupler 31 is mounted on a part of the central conductor portion 4a as a thin film, and the incident wave and the reflected wave separated by the directional coupler 31 are output to the outside. A detection pad 41 and a reflected wave detection pad 42 are also mounted.
[0048]
Therefore, the apparatus can be reduced in size by mounting the directional coupler 31 on the magnetoresistive effect element 1.
[0049]
Further, as shown in FIG. 9, the magnetoresistive effect element 1, the driving constant current source 13, the high frequency detectors 32 and 33, the incident wave / reflected wave power ratio calculation circuit 34, and the termination resistor 43 shown in FIG. May be mounted on the PCB substrate 44 by soldering or using a conductive adhesive. In this case, each circuit element is connected by connectors 45, 45,... And connection cables 46, 46,.
[0050]
As a result, each circuit element is mounted on one PCB substrate 44, so that the apparatus can be miniaturized.
[0051]
[Embodiment 5 of the Invention]
FIG. 10 is a plan view of the magnetoresistive effect element of the magnetic sensor 11 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. 10, members and the like having the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1 to 9 are the same as those in the first to fourth embodiments, and the same reference numerals are used in the following description, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
[0052]
As shown in FIG. 10, the magnetic sensor 11 is preliminarily formed on a semiconductor substrate 51 such as Si, GaAs, etc., and a constant current source 13 for driving, high frequency detectors 32 and 33, incident wave / reflected wave power ratio calculation. The circuit 34 and the drive circuit 12 such as the signal processing circuit 52 for detection and amplification are formed by a normal semiconductor manufacturing process. Further, an insulating layer 53 and through holes 54, 54,... Are formed on the semiconductor substrate 51 after these are formed. Circuit elements constituting the magnetoresistive effect element 1 are formed on the semiconductor substrate 51 after the formation of the insulating layer 53 and the through hole 54. That is, the magnetoresistive effect member 4, the transmission line 15 such as the central conductor 4 a and the outer conductor 8, and the directional coupler 31. And the circuit element which comprises the magnetoresistive effect element 1, and the drive circuit 12 are connected through the through holes 54, 54, .... In FIG. 10, the transmission line 15 and the directional coupler 31 are shown as an example of a coplanar line type, and a DC power supply, a pad portion for connecting the DC power supply, and the like are omitted.
[0053]
Therefore, the drive circuit 12 is formed on the semiconductor substrate 51 by a semiconductor manufacturing process, and the magnetoresistive effect element 1 and the directional coupler 31 are formed as a thin film via the insulating layer 53 on the drive circuit 12. 12 and the magnetoresistive effect element 1 and the directional coupler 31 are connected via through holes 54, 54,...
[0054]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the magnetoresistive effect member forms part or all of the transmission line, it is possible to increase the frequency of the energized current and to increase the sensitivity of the magnetic sensor using the magnetoresistive effect element. be able to. Furthermore, by mounting the directional coupler on the magnetoresistive effect element, the apparatus can be made compact, and the magnetic field can be measured with higher sensitivity based on the ratio of the incident wave and the reflected wave.
[0055]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the magnetoresistive effect member forms part or all of the transmission line, it is possible to increase the frequency of the energized current and to increase the sensitivity of the magnetic sensor. Furthermore, by mounting the directional coupler on the magnetoresistive effect element, the apparatus can be made compact, and the magnetic field can be measured with higher sensitivity based on the ratio of the incident wave and the reflected wave.
[0059]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the magnetic sensor according to the second aspect, the device can be further downsized by mounting the magnetoresistive effect element and the drive circuit on the substrate.
[0060]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the magnetic sensor according to the second or fourth aspect can be made compact by configuring the magnetic sensor monolithically.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a method for manufacturing a magnetoresistive effect element according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of the same.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of the same.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the same.
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of an equivalent circuit of a magnetic sensor including the magnetoresistive effect element.
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of an equivalent circuit of the magnetic sensor according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of an equivalent circuit of a magnetic sensor according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a plan view of a magnetoresistive effect element of a magnetic sensor according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a plan view of a magnetic sensor according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a plan view of a magnetic sensor according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional MI sensor.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 magnetoresistive effect element 4 magnetoresistive effect member 11 magnetic sensor 12 drive circuit 15 transmission line 31 directional coupler 44 substrate 51 semiconductor substrate 53 insulating layer 54 through hole

Claims (5)

磁気抵抗効果材料により形成された磁気抵抗効果部材と、A magnetoresistive member formed of a magnetoresistive material;
前記磁気抵抗効果部材が一部または全部をなす伝送線路とを備え、  The magnetoresistive effect member comprises a transmission line part or all of,
前記伝送線路に交流電流を入力して磁界を測定する磁気抵抗効果素子であって、  A magnetoresistive effect element for measuring a magnetic field by inputting an alternating current to the transmission line,
当該磁気抵抗効果素子に前記伝送線路の入射波と反射波との分離を行う方向性結合器が実装され、該入射波と反射波との比に基づいて得られたインピーダンスの変動により磁界を測定することを特徴とする磁気抵抗効果素子。  A directional coupler for separating the incident wave and the reflected wave of the transmission line is mounted on the magnetoresistive effect element, and the magnetic field is measured by the fluctuation of the impedance obtained based on the ratio of the incident wave and the reflected wave. A magnetoresistive effect element.
磁気抵抗効果材料により形成された磁気抵抗効果部材と、該磁気抵抗効果部材が一部または全部をなす伝送線路とを有する磁気抵抗効果素子と、A magnetoresistive effect element having a magnetoresistive effect member formed of a magnetoresistive effect material, and a transmission line that forms part or all of the magnetoresistive effect member;
前記磁気抵抗効果素子に実装された方向性結合器を有し、伝送線路に交流電流を入力する駆動回路とを備え、  A directional coupler mounted on the magnetoresistive element, and a drive circuit for inputting an alternating current to the transmission line;
前記駆動回路は、方向性結合器が伝送線路の入射波と反射波との分離を行い、該入射波と反射波との比に基づいて得られたインピーダンスの変動により磁界を測定する磁気センサ。  The drive circuit is a magnetic sensor in which a directional coupler separates an incident wave and a reflected wave of a transmission line, and measures a magnetic field by impedance variation obtained based on a ratio between the incident wave and the reflected wave.
前記磁気抵抗効果素子および駆動回路は基板に実装されてなることを特徴とする請求項2記載の磁気センサ。The magnetic sensor according to claim 2, wherein the magnetoresistive element and the drive circuit are mounted on a substrate. 前記方向性結合器を除く前記駆動回路が形成された半導体装置と、A semiconductor device in which the drive circuit excluding the directional coupler is formed;
前記半導体装置の一つの面に磁気抵抗効果素子および方向性結合器が形成されてなることを特徴とする請求項2記載の磁気センサ。  3. The magnetic sensor according to claim 2, wherein a magnetoresistive effect element and a directional coupler are formed on one surface of the semiconductor device.
前記方向性結合器を除く前記駆動回路は半導体基板に形成され、The drive circuit excluding the directional coupler is formed on a semiconductor substrate,
前記半導体基板上に絶縁層を介して磁気抵抗効果素子および方向性結合器が設けられ、  A magnetoresistive effect element and a directional coupler are provided on the semiconductor substrate via an insulating layer,
前記駆動回路と、前記磁気抵抗効果素子および前記方向性結合器との間はスルーホールを介して接続されていることを特徴とする請求項2または4記載の磁気センサ。  5. The magnetic sensor according to claim 2, wherein the drive circuit is connected to the magnetoresistive element and the directional coupler through a through hole.
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