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JP3752069B2 - Method for producing ω-alkenyl halide - Google Patents
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JP3752069B2 - Method for producing ω-alkenyl halide - Google Patents

Method for producing ω-alkenyl halide Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3752069B2
JP3752069B2 JP31446697A JP31446697A JP3752069B2 JP 3752069 B2 JP3752069 B2 JP 3752069B2 JP 31446697 A JP31446697 A JP 31446697A JP 31446697 A JP31446697 A JP 31446697A JP 3752069 B2 JP3752069 B2 JP 3752069B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
producing
alkenyl halide
general formula
present
hydrogen phosphate
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JP31446697A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH11130705A (en
Inventor
実 岩本
泰裕 割田
浩 田村
雅通 伊藤
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T Hasegawa Co Ltd
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T Hasegawa Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C07C17/25Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ω−アルケニルハロゲン化物の製造方法に関する。更に詳しくは、α,ω−ジハロゲン炭化水素をアミド溶媒中で加熱してω−アルケニルハロゲン化物を製造する方法において、脱離反応をリン酸水素塩の存在下に行うことを特徴とするω−アルケニルハロゲン化物の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ω−アルケニルハロゲン化物の製造方法としては、例えば、α,ω−ジハロゲン炭化水素を脱ハロゲン化水素化剤で脱ハロゲン化水素化する方法が特開昭55−118425号公報に記載されている。同公報には脱ハロゲン化水素化剤として、リン酸ヘキサメチルトリアミド、ナトリウムアミド−リン酸ヘキサメチルトリアミド、リチウムジシクロヘキシルアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、ナトリウムエチラート−ジメチルスルホキシド、または1,5−ジアザビシクロ[5.4.0]ウンデセン−5−ジメチルスルホキシドが使用され、特にリン酸ヘキサメチルトリアミドが最も好ましいと記載されている。
【0003】
しかしながら、リン酸ヘキサメチルトリアミドは発癌物質であるため、取り扱いが危険であり、また反応温度が200℃近辺と高く、そのため分離困難な二重結合の異性体やハロゲン原子が2個とも脱離した副生成物が生じやすいという欠点を有している。
また、ナトリウムアミドやリチウムジシクロヘキシルアミドは発火性が高いため、一般的には不活性ガスの存在下、厳密な無水条件下で反応させる必要があり、通常の工業設備では大量に扱うのが困難である。
さらに、ジメチルスルホキシドは含硫黄化合物であるため、硫黄様の匂いが強く、高温で蒸留すると、さらに匂いの強いジメチルスルフィドに変化するため作業環境上好ましくない。
【0004】
上記のような従来のω−アルケニルハロゲン化物の製造法の欠点乃至難点を克服するため、α,ω−ハロゲン化炭化水素を、上述のリン酸ヘキサメチルトリアミド等の脱ハロゲン化水素化剤の代わりに、カルボン酸アミドの存在下(好ましくは、更に反応促進剤として、ナトリウムt−ブトキシドまたは炭酸リチウム等の塩基性物質、あるいはアルカリ金属のハロゲン化物の存在下)加熱することによるω−アルケニルハロゲン化物の製造方法(特開平7−206731号公報参照)が提案されている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記、特開平7−206731号公報で提案されているω−アルケニルハロゲン化物の製造方法は、安全性の面では改善されているが、依然として二重結合の異性体、環状エーテル類、ジエン類などの副生成物が生じやすく、さらに、有害なハロゲン化水素ガスを生成するという欠点を有している。
従って、本発明は上述した従来法の欠点がなく、高収率、高純度で効率良くω−アルケニルハロゲン化物の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は上述の課題を解決するため、鋭意研究を重ねた結果、下記一般式(2)
X−(CH−CH−CH−Y (2)
(式中、X、Yは臭素、塩素又はヨウ素を示す。X、Yは互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。nは1から10の整数を示す)で表されるα,ω−ジハロゲン炭化水素をアミド溶媒中で加熱して下記一般式(1)
X−(CH−CH=CH (1)
(式中、Xおよびnは上述したものと同意義である)で示されるω−アルケニルハロゲン化物を製造する方法において、上記脱離反応を、無機酸の水素塩の存在下に行うことにより二重結合の異性体、環状エーテル類、ジエン類等の副生成物が極力抑制され、更に有害なハロゲン化水素ガスの発生が抑えられ、高収率、高純度で効率良くω−アルケニルハロゲン化物を製造することができることを見出し本発明を完成した。
かくして本発明は、下記一般式(2)
X−(CH−CH−CH−Y (2)
(式中、X、Yは臭素、塩素又はヨウ素を示す。X、Yは互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。nは1〜10の整数を示す)で表されるα,ω−ジハロゲン炭化水素をアミド溶媒中で加熱して下記一般式(1)
X−(CH−CH=CH (1)
(式中、Xおよびnは上述したものと同意義である)で示されるω−アルケニルハロゲン化物を製造する方法において、上記脱離反応を、リン酸水素塩の存在下に行うことを特徴とするω−アルケニルハロゲン化物の製造法に関する。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の態様について更に詳しく説明する。
本発明の上記一般式(1)で示されるω−アルケニルハロゲン化物は、上記一般式(2)で示されるα,ω−ジハロゲン炭化水素を、アミド溶媒中、リン酸水素塩の存在下に行うことにより容易に製造することができる。
本発明の原料化合物である上記一般式(2)で示されるXおよびYはハロゲン原子を示し、これらは同一のハロゲンでも異なる種類のハロゲンであっても良い。ハロゲン原子としては、臭素、塩素又はヨウ素が挙げられ、特に、塩素、臭素が好ましい。
上記一般式(2)の化合物の具体的な例としては、1,4−ジブロモブタン、1,5−ジブロモペンタン、1,6−ジブロモヘキサン、1,7−ジブロモヘプタン、1,8−ジブロモオクタン、1,9−ジブロモノナン、1,10−ジブロモデカン、1,4−ジクロロブタン、1,5−ジクロロペンタン、1,6−ジクロロヘキサン、1,7−ジクロロヘプタン、1,8−ジクロロオクタン、1,9−ジクロロノナン、1,10−ジクロロデカン、1,4−ジヨードブタン、1,5−ジヨードペンタン、1,6−ジヨードヘキサン、1,7−ジヨードヘプタン、1,8−ジヨードオクタン、1,9−ジヨードノナン、1,10−ジヨードデカン、1−ブロモ−4−クロロブタン、1−ブロモ−5−クロロペンタン、1−ブロモ−6−クロロヘキサン等を挙げることができる。
【0008】
本発明で使用されるアミド溶媒のアミドは、鎖状のものでも環状のものでもよく、その種類に特に制限はない(一分子中に複数個のアミド結合を有していてもよい)。本発明で使用できるアミドとしては、例えば、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、テトラメチル尿素、1,3−ジメチル−2−イミダゾリジノン、N−メチル−2−ピロリドンなどを挙げることができ、これらの1種または2種以上の混合物を使用することができる。
アミドの使用量は特に限定されないが、上記一般式(2)で示される原料化合物に対して約0.5重量倍〜約10重量倍用いられる。
【0009】
一般的に、「無機酸の水素塩」とは、俗には酸性塩とも呼ばれているもので、多価の酸の水素イオンを陽イオンで置換した塩のうち、なお水素イオンを残しているものをいう。本発明で使用される無機酸の水素塩としては、例えば、リン酸二水素カリウム、リン酸水素二カリウム、リン酸二水素カルシウム、リン酸一水素カルシウム、リン酸水素二ナトリウム等のリン酸水素塩類を挙げることができ、好ましくはリン酸水素塩類、より好ましくはリン酸水素二カリウムが望ましい。
無機酸の水素塩の使用量は前述の原料化合物(2)に対して約1重量%〜約20重量%、好ましくは約5重量%〜約10重量%用いられる。
【0010】
反応条件としては使用する原料化合物等の種類により異なるが、一般に、約130℃〜約180℃の温度範囲で、約2時間〜約12時間の条件を採用することができる。
【0011】
かくして得られる反応生成物は、蒸留、洗浄、抽出、乾燥、カラムクロマトグラフィーなどの通常の分離手段を適宜に採用して精製することにより、高収率且つ高純度でω−アルケニルハロゲン化物を得ることができる。
【0012】
以上に述べた如くして得ることのできるω−アルケニルハロゲン化物は、医農薬をはじめ各種化学品の合成原料として有用である。
以下、実施例により本発明を更に具体的に説明する。
【0013】
【実施例】
実施例1
<3−ブテニルブロミドの合成>
反応容器に1,4−ジブロモブタン(600g)、ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)(1200g)、リン酸水素二カリウム塩(60g)の混合物を加え、150〜170℃で加熱し、側管からゆっくりと留出させることにより1250gの留出液を得た。これをPEG−20Mカラムを使用したGLC分析を行ったところ、留出液の成分は3−ブテニルブロミド(25%)、DMF(72%)であった。異性体である2−ブテニルブロミドは0.2%、軽沸点成分であるブタジエン、テトラヒドロフランは合わせて数%であった。この混合物を蒸留により精製することにより99%以上の高純度な3−ブテニルブロミド(323g、収率86%)を得た。
【0014】
実施例2
<4−ペンテニルブロミドの合成>
反応容器に1,5−ジブロモペンタン(600g)、ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)(1200g)、リン酸水素二カリウム塩(60g)の混合物を加え、実施例1と同様の方法で1120gの留出液を得た。これを同様に分析すると4−ペンテニルブロミド(29%)、DMF(64%)であった。異性体である3−ペンテニルブロミドは0.9%、軽沸点成分であるペンタジエン、テトラヒドロピランは合わせて数%であった。この混合物を蒸留により精製することにより97%以上の高純度な4−ペンテニルブロミド(343g、収率88%)を得た。
【0015】
実施例3
<5−ヘキセニルブロミドの合成>
実施例1,2と同様に1,6−ジブロモヘキサン(600g)を使用し留出液1350gを得た。留出液を水洗後、実施例1と同様に蒸留することにより95%以上の純度を有する5−ヘキセニルブロミド(336g、収率85%)を得た。尚、異性体である4−ヘキセニルブロミドは1.9%であった。
【0016】
比較例1〜3
実施例1〜3において、リン酸水素二カリウム塩を使用しないこと以外は同様に処理して、各化合物を合成した。(比較例1〜3)
表1に比較例1〜3の生成物名、生成物の収率および異性体の生成率を示した。
表1
比較例 生成物名 生成物の収率 異性体の生成率
比較例1 3−ブテニルブロミド 85% 5%
比較例2 4−ペンテニルブロミド 86% 10%
比較例3 5−ヘキセニルブロミド 84% 15%
以上の様にリン酸水素塩を添加しない場合は分離困難な異性体の生成率が高いことが判明した。
【0017】
実施例4〜6
実施例1〜3の方法を用いて、リン酸水素二カリウム塩を各種無機酸水素塩に変更して実施した。(実施例4〜6)
表2に実施例4〜6の生成物名、無機酸水素塩名および収率(純度)を示した。

Figure 0003752069
【0018】
【発明の効果】
本発明のω−アルケニルハロゲン化物の製造法は、二重結合異性体、環状エーテル類、ジエン類等の副生成物が極力抑制され、高収率、高純度で効率良く製造することができる。
更に、有害なハロゲン水素ガスの発生が抑えられ、特別な製造設備を必要とせずに作業することができるため、工業的に有利な製造法である。
──────────────────────────────────
───────────────────────────────────[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing an ω-alkenyl halide. More specifically, in a method for producing an ω-alkenyl halide by heating an α, ω-dihalogen hydrocarbon in an amide solvent, the elimination reaction is performed in the presence of hydrogen phosphate. The present invention relates to a method for producing an alkenyl halide.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a method for producing an ω-alkenyl halide, for example, a method of dehydrohalogenating an α, ω-dihalogen hydrocarbon with a dehydrohalogenating agent is described in JP-A No. 55-118425. In this publication, as a dehydrohalogenating agent, phosphoric acid hexamethyltriamide, sodium amide-phosphoric acid hexamethyltriamide, lithium dicyclohexylamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, sodium ethylate-dimethyl sulfoxide, or 1,5-diazabicyclo [ 5.4.0] undecene-5-dimethyl sulfoxide is used, and in particular hexamethyltriamide phosphate is described as being most preferred.
[0003]
However, since hexamethyltriamide phosphate is a carcinogen, it is dangerous to handle, and the reaction temperature is high at around 200 ° C. Therefore, it is difficult to separate both double bond isomers and halogen atoms. The by-product tends to occur.
In addition, sodium amide and lithium dicyclohexylamide are highly ignitable, so it is generally necessary to react under strict anhydrous conditions in the presence of an inert gas, which is difficult to handle in large quantities in ordinary industrial equipment. is there.
Furthermore, since dimethyl sulfoxide is a sulfur-containing compound, it has a strong sulfur-like odor, and if it is distilled at a high temperature, it changes to dimethyl sulfide having a stronger odor, which is not preferable in the working environment.
[0004]
In order to overcome the disadvantages and difficulties of the conventional process for producing ω-alkenyl halides as described above, α, ω-halogenated hydrocarbons are used as dehydrohalogenating agents such as the above-mentioned hexamethyltriamide phosphate. Alternatively, ω-alkenyl halogen by heating in the presence of a carboxylic acid amide (preferably further in the presence of a basic substance such as sodium t-butoxide or lithium carbonate or an alkali metal halide as a reaction accelerator). A method for producing a chemical compound (see JP-A-7-206731) has been proposed.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Although the method for producing an ω-alkenyl halide proposed in the above-mentioned JP-A-7-206731 has been improved in terms of safety, it still has double bond isomers, cyclic ethers, dienes and the like. The by-product of this is easy to produce, and also has the fault of producing | generating harmful hydrogen halide gas.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an ω-alkenyl halide with high yield and high purity without any disadvantages of the conventional methods described above.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have conducted intensive research, and as a result, the following general formula (2)
X- (CH 2) n -CH 2 -CH 2 -Y (2)
(Wherein, X and Y represent bromine, chlorine or iodine. X and Y may be the same or different from each other. N represents an integer of 1 to 10) Is heated in an amide solvent to give the following general formula (1)
X- (CH 2) n -CH = CH 2 (1)
(Wherein X and n are as defined above), the elimination reaction is carried out in the presence of a hydrogen salt of an inorganic acid. By-products such as heavy bond isomers, cyclic ethers and dienes are suppressed as much as possible, and generation of harmful hydrogen halide gas is suppressed, and ω-alkenyl halides are efficiently produced in high yield and high purity. The present invention has been completed by finding that it can be produced.
Thus, the present invention provides the following general formula (2)
X- (CH 2) n -CH 2 -CH 2 -Y (2)
(Wherein, X and Y represent bromine, chlorine or iodine. X and Y may be the same or different from each other. N represents an integer of 1 to 10) Is heated in an amide solvent to give the following general formula (1)
X- (CH 2) n -CH = CH 2 (1)
(Wherein X and n are as defined above), wherein the elimination reaction is carried out in the presence of hydrogen phosphate. The present invention relates to a process for producing an ω-alkenyl halide.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail.
The ω-alkenyl halide represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention is obtained by performing the α, ω-dihalogen hydrocarbon represented by the general formula (2) in the presence of a hydrogen phosphate salt in an amide solvent. Can be easily manufactured.
X and Y represented by the above general formula (2), which is the raw material compound of the present invention, represent a halogen atom, and these may be the same halogen or different types of halogen. The halogen atom, a bromine, a chlorine or iodine, in particular chlorine, bromine being preferred.
Specific examples of the compound of the general formula (2) include 1,4-dibromobutane, 1,5-dibromopentane, 1,6-dibromohexane, 1,7-dibromoheptane, 1,8-dibromooctane. 1,9-dibromononane, 1,10-dibromodecane, 1,4-dichlorobutane, 1,5-dichloropentane, 1,6-dichlorohexane, 1,7-dichloroheptane, 1,8-dichlorooctane, 1,9-dichlorononane, 1,10-dichlorodecane, 1,4-diiodobutane, 1,5-diiodopentane, 1,6-diiodohexane, 1,7-diiodoheptane, 1,8-diiodo Octane, 1,9-diiodononane, 1,10-diiododecane, 1-bromo-4-chlorobutane, 1-bromo-5-chloropentane, 1-bromo-6-chlorohe Acid, and the like can be mentioned.
[0008]
The amide of the amide solvent used in the present invention may be linear or cyclic, and there is no particular limitation on the type thereof (a plurality of amide bonds may be contained in one molecule). Examples of amides that can be used in the present invention include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, tetramethylurea, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. One or a mixture of two or more of these can be used.
The amount of amide to be used is not particularly limited, but it is used in an amount of about 0.5 to 10 times by weight with respect to the raw material compound represented by the general formula (2).
[0009]
In general, “hydrogen salt of inorganic acid” is also commonly called an acid salt. Among salts obtained by substituting a polyvalent acid hydrogen ion with a cation, the hydrogen ion remains. Say what you are. Examples of the hydrogen salt of an inorganic acid used in the present invention include hydrogen phosphate such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate and the like. there may be mentioned salts include, preferably hydrogen phosphate salts, more preferably potassium phosphate dibasic is desirable.
The amount of the inorganic acid hydrogen salt to be used is about 1 wt% to about 20 wt%, preferably about 5 wt% to about 10 wt%, relative to the raw material compound (2).
[0010]
The reaction conditions vary depending on the type of raw material compound used, but generally, conditions of about 2 hours to about 12 hours can be employed in a temperature range of about 130 ° C. to about 180 ° C.
[0011]
The reaction product thus obtained is purified by appropriately employing ordinary separation means such as distillation, washing, extraction, drying, column chromatography, etc., to obtain an ω-alkenyl halide with high yield and high purity. be able to.
[0012]
The ω-alkenyl halides that can be obtained as described above are useful as synthetic raw materials for various chemicals including medical and agricultural chemicals.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
[0013]
【Example】
Example 1
<Synthesis of 3-butenyl bromide>
A mixture of 1,4-dibromobutane (600 g), dimethylformamide (DMF) (1200 g) and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (60 g) was added to the reaction vessel, heated at 150 to 170 ° C., and slowly retained from the side tube. As a result, 1250 g of a distillate was obtained. When this was subjected to GLC analysis using a PEG-20M column, the components of the distillate were 3-butenyl bromide (25%) and DMF (72%). The isomer 2-butenyl bromide was 0.2%, and the light-boiling components butadiene and tetrahydrofuran were several% in total. The mixture was purified by distillation to obtain 99% or more highly pure 3-butenyl bromide (323 g, yield 86%).
[0014]
Example 2
<Synthesis of 4-pentenyl bromide>
A mixture of 1,5-dibromopentane (600 g), dimethylformamide (DMF) (1200 g) and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (60 g) was added to the reaction vessel, and 1120 g of distillate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. Obtained. This was analyzed similarly to 4-pentenyl bromide (29%) and DMF (64%). The isomer 3-pentenylbromide was 0.9%, and the light-boiling components pentadiene and tetrahydropyran were several% in total. The mixture was purified by distillation to obtain 97% or more highly pure 4-pentenyl bromide (343 g, yield 88%).
[0015]
Example 3
<Synthesis of 5-hexenyl bromide>
As in Examples 1 and 2, 1,6-dibromohexane (600 g) was used to obtain 1350 g of a distillate. The distillate was washed with water and then distilled in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain 5-hexenyl bromide (336 g, yield 85%) having a purity of 95% or more. The isomer 4-hexenyl bromide was 1.9%.
[0016]
Comparative Examples 1-3
In Examples 1 to 3, each compound was synthesized in the same manner except that dipotassium hydrogen phosphate was not used. (Comparative Examples 1-3)
Table 1 shows the product names of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the yield of the products, and the yield of isomers.
Table 1
Comparative Example Product Name Product Yield Isomeric Production Rate Comparative Example 1 3-Butenyl bromide 85% 5%
Comparative Example 2 4-pentenyl bromide 86% 10%
Comparative Example 3 5-hexenyl bromide 84% 15%
As described above, it was found that when no hydrogen phosphate was added, the production rate of isomers difficult to separate was high.
[0017]
Examples 4-6
Using the methods of Examples 1 to 3, the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate salt was changed to various inorganic oxyhydrogen salts. (Examples 4 to 6)
Table 2 shows the product names, inorganic acid hydrogen salt names, and yield (purity) of Examples 4 to 6.
Figure 0003752069
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
In the method for producing an ω-alkenyl halide of the present invention, by-products such as double bond isomers, cyclic ethers and dienes are suppressed as much as possible, and can be produced efficiently with high yield and high purity.
Further, since the generation of harmful halogen hydrogen gas is suppressed and work can be performed without the need for special production equipment, this is an industrially advantageous production method.
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Claims (1)

下記一般式(2)
X−(CH−CH−CH−Y … (2)
(式中、X、Yは臭素、塩素又はヨウ素を示す。X、Yは互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。nは1から10の整数を示す)で表されるα,ω−ジハロゲン炭化水素をアミド溶媒中で加熱して下記一般式(1)
X−(CH−CH=CH … (1)
(式中、Xおよびnは式(2)と同意義である)で示されるω−アルケニルハロゲン化物を製造する方法において、上記脱離反応をリン酸水素塩の存在下で行うことを特徴とするω−アルケニルハロゲン化物の製造方法。
The following general formula (2)
X- (CH 2) n -CH 2 -CH 2 -Y ... (2)
(Wherein, X and Y represent bromine, chlorine or iodine. X and Y may be the same or different from each other. N represents an integer of 1 to 10) Is heated in an amide solvent to give the following general formula (1)
X- (CH 2) n -CH = CH 2 ... (1)
(Wherein X and n are as defined in formula (2)), wherein the elimination reaction is carried out in the presence of hydrogen phosphate. producing how the ω- alkenyl halide.
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