JP3753486B2 - Light-absorbing heat-absorbing fiber that absorbs sunlight - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a solar selective absorption heat retaining fiber that is useful as a warm clothing, sports clothing, garment for leisure such as a tent, and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in winter clothing and sports clothing, etc., it has a three-layer structure in which padding is inserted between a breathable and waterproof outer layer and its lining, and heat insulation is achieved using an air layer (dead air) of the padding. Have got. However, such a three-layered garment has the disadvantage that it is heavy and bulky and hinders free movement, especially as a sports garment that requires ease of movement.
[0003]
In recent years, a heat-insulating woven or knitted fabric that reflects body heat by using a woven or knitted fabric on which a metal such as aluminum, stainless steel, or titanium is used as a backing has been proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 59-156743). As described above, the problem of obstructing the heavy and bulky free movement has been solved by reducing the amount of the liquid or not using it at all.
However, woven and knitted fabrics deposited with metals such as aluminum, stainless steel, titanium, etc., increase the costs associated with the deposition process, cause uneven deposition due to delicate handling of the woven or knitted fabric in the preparatory process before the deposition process, and friction during washing or wearing There were various problems such as a decrease in heat retention performance due to the dropout of vapor-deposited metal.
[0004]
In order to solve such a problem, a fiber in which a transition metal carbide represented by zirconium carbide or the like is uniformly contained, or a kneaded composition of the transition metal carbide and a thermoplastic synthetic linear polymer is used as a core, Solar selective absorptive heat retaining fiber that absorbs solar energy and converts the absorbed light energy into thermal energy by a core-sheath fiber with a thermoplastic synthetic linear polymer as the sheath (Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-9202) Has been proposed.
However, in the case of the fiber containing the former transition metal carbide uniformly, although excellent heat retention is obtained, since the transition metal carbide having high hardness is exposed on the fiber surface, the roller of the spinning machine or the knitting machine is used. There was a problem that the guide, the knitting needle, the hook, etc. were damaged by friction. In the case of the latter, the core-sheath fiber does not cause damage to the rollers and guides due to the transition metal carbide described above, but its heat retention effect is less than that of the former, and it has recently been more advanced in the sports clothing industry. However, there is a problem that such a conventional fiber cannot achieve a new requirement.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of such a current situation, and in spite of having a higher heat retaining property than a conventional heat retaining material, damage to rollers, guides and the like does not occur during manufacturing. It aims at obtaining the sunlight selective absorption heat retention fiber excellent in the lightness.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention achieves the above-mentioned object and has the following configuration. That is, the present invention provides a “core sheath in which component A composed of a mixture of carbide fine powder of transition metal belonging to Group IV of the periodic rule and thermoplastic synthetic polymer is coated with component B composed of thermoplastic synthetic polymer” Type composite fiber, which is a rice field cross section core-sheath type or well-shaped cross section core-sheath type composite fiber in which a hollow portion is formed inside the fiber. "Insulating heat-retaining fiber".
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described in detail below. As the heat-retaining fiber of the present invention, a core comprising a component A composed of a mixture of carbide fine powder of transition metal belonging to Group IV of the periodic rule and a thermoplastic synthetic polymer is coated with component B composed of a thermoplastic synthetic polymer. A sheath type composite fiber is used.
[0008]
Here, as the thermoplastic synthetic polymer used for Component A and Component B, polyamide synthetic polymer represented by nylon 6 and nylon 66, polyethylene terephthalate, polyester synthetic polymer represented by polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene , And polyolefin synthetic polymers represented by polypropylene.
[0009]
Examples of the transition metal carbide fine powder belonging to Group IV of the periodic table contained in Component A in the present invention include zirconium carbide, hafnium carbide, titanium carbide, etc. In the present invention, at least one of these fine powders is used. Use more than seeds.
The carbide fine powder used in the present invention preferably has an average particle size of 5 μm or less, more preferably 1 μm or less. If the average particle size exceeds 5 μm, problems such as clogging of filter media and a decrease in spinnability due to thread breakage may occur in the spinning process. Even if spinning can be performed, problems such as thread breakage in the stretching process may occur. This is not preferable.
[0010]
Here, the content of the carbide fine powder of transition metal to be contained in Component A is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 20% by weight with respect to the total fiber weight of Component A and Component B. It is much more preferable in the range of% by weight. If the content of transition metal carbide powder exceeds 20% by weight, not only the heat retention effect will reach saturation, but also the fiber productivity will deteriorate, and the yarn will not have sufficient strength and elongation. Therefore, it is not preferable. Further, when the content of transition metal carbide fine powder is less than 0.2% by weight, it is difficult to obtain the desired heat retention, which is not preferable.
[0011]
The transition metal carbide fine powder can be incorporated into the fiber by mixing it directly with the raw polymer and spinning it, or by producing a master chip containing a part of the raw polymer in advance and spinning it. There are methods such as spinning after dilution adjustment to a predetermined concentration.
Here, regarding the weight ratio of the component A constituting the core of the fiber of the present invention and the component B constituting the sheath, the content of the transition metal carbide fine powder contained in the component A, the hollow provided in the fiber However, the weight ratio of component A and component B (component A / component B) is generally 20 / 80-80. / 20, preferably in the range of 30/70 to 70/30. If the weight ratio of component A to component B is less than 20/80, the desired heat retention may not be obtained, which is not preferable. In addition, when the weight ratio of component A and component B exceeds 80/20, problems such as the effect of heat retention reaching saturation or a yarn having a desired cross-sectional shape cannot be obtained during fiber production occur. Since it may be, it is not preferable.
[0012]
In the present invention, at least one or more hollow portions are provided in the fiber for the purpose of imparting light weight and heat retention.
Here, about the site | part in the fiber which provides a hollow part, you may provide in either of the component A and the component B, and you may provide in both. The hollow ratio of the hollow portion provided in the fiber is not particularly limited in the present invention, but in general, the total hollow ratio of all the hollow portions provided in the fiber is in the range of 5 to 40% with respect to the fiber weight. Is preferred. When the hollowness is less than 5%, the intended lightness and heat retention may not be obtained, which is not preferable. In addition, when the hollow ratio exceeds 40%, a yarn having a desired cross-sectional shape may not be obtained at the time of fiber production, or thread cracking may occur due to wear during wearing, which may cause problems such as fibrillation. Absent.
[0013]
In the present invention, the above-mentioned component A is used for the purpose of preventing damage to rollers, guides, knitting needles, wrinkles, etc. during fiber production, yarn processing using the obtained fiber, or knitting or weaving. It is necessary to form a fiber having a cross-sectional shape coated with component B. The meaning of the coating used here is to prevent the component A from being exposed on the fiber surface .
[0014]
Here, an example of the sunlight selective absorption heat retaining fiber of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. (1)-(2) of FIG. 1 shows the cross section of the sunlight selective absorption heat retention fiber excellent in the lightness of this invention, all. (1) is a field-shaped cross-section core-sheath fiber, in which component B made of a thermoplastic synthetic polymer is arranged in the outermost layer 7 as the sheath, and transition metal carbide fine powder in the intermediate layer 8 as the core 2 shows a cross section of a fiber in a state in which a component A made of a mixture of a thermoplastic synthetic polymer and four hollow portions 9 are arranged inside the component A. FIG. (2) is a well-shaped cross-section core-sheath fiber, component B made of a thermoplastic synthetic polymer in the outermost layer 10 as the sheath, and transition metal carbide fine powder and thermoplastic in the intermediate layer 11 as the core. The fiber cross section of the state which has arrange | positioned the one hollow part 12 inside the component A which consists of a mixture with a synthetic polymer, and the component A is shown.
[0015]
[Action]
The transition metal carbide fine powder used in the present invention absorbs light energy having a wavelength of 0.3 to 2 μm, which is the main component of sunlight, and converts the energy into heat energy having a wavelength of 2 to 20 μm and radiates it, It has the ability to reflect thermal energy having a wavelength of about 10 μm emitted from the human body.
The fiber containing fine powder with such an effect absorbs sunlight and radiates it into the clothes, and also reflects the heat radiated from the human body and does not escape to the outside, so it shows good heat retention .
However, if the fine powder is uniformly contained in the fiber, the fine powder damages the spinning machine, the loom, the rollers and guides of the knitting machine, etc., resulting in poor processability. In the case of a core-sheath type composite fiber in which fine powder is contained in the core of the fiber and the sheath is made of a thermoplastic synthetic polymer, the above problem is solved, but the fine powder is uniformly contained in the fiber. In comparison with, high heat retention is not obtained.
If the component A containing the transition metal carbide fine powder is coated with the component B made of the thermoplastic synthetic polymer as in the present invention, there is no damage to the rollers and guides as described above. If the hollow part is formed in the fiber as in the invention, the weight of the fiber can be reduced, and the air layer (dead air layer) in the hollow part is warmed by the heat retaining effect of the transition metal carbide fine powder. As a result, a heat retention effect equal to or higher than that of the fiber in which the fine powder is uniformly contained in the fiber can be obtained. Furthermore, even when the sunlight dose becomes weak or the sun goes down, the heat insulation effect by the heated air layer can be exerted, so the heat retention effect is good.
[0016]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. Measurement and evaluation of fiber performance in the examples were performed by the following methods.
[0017]
(1) In a constant temperature and humidity room with a heat retention temperature of 20 ° C and a humidity of 65%, use a 100W white light source for photography as an energy source, irradiate the sample with light for 10 minutes, then turn off the light and leave it for 5 minutes did. At this time, the surface temperature of the sample before the light irradiation, 10 minutes after the light irradiation, and 5 minutes after the light was turned off was measured with a thermoviewer JTG-4200 (manufactured by JEOL Ltd., infrared sensor).
[0018]
(2) Wear resistance As shown in FIG. 2, the fiber sample 23 was run for 10 minutes at a V-shaped bottom 22 of a brass wire 21 having a diameter of 3 mm at a thread tension of 0.50 g / d and a running speed of 150 m / min. Later, the depth of wear of the brass wire was measured with a microscope and judged according to the following three criteria.
○: Wear depth of 200 μm or less, good Δ: Wear depth of 200 to 300 μm, slightly bad ×: Wear depth of 300 μm or more, bad
(3) The specific volume was calculated from the thickness and basis weight of the lightweight sample and evaluated.
[0020]
Reference example 1
First, 95 parts by weight of polyethylene terephthalate having a relative viscosity of 1.38 measured at a concentration of 0.5 g / deciliter and a temperature of 25 ° C. in an equal weight mixed solution of phenol and tetrachloroethane, and zirconium carbide having an average particle diameter of 0.6 μm ( The transition metal carbide fine powder) 5 parts by weight is uniformly melt-mixed as component A, polyethylene terephthalate to which no fine powder is added as component B, and the weight ratio A / B between component A and component B. A core-sheath hollow composite fiber having a circular cross-section with a hollow ratio of 50/50 and a hollowness of 20% was melt-spun. At this time, the spinning temperature is set to 280 ° C., the material is drawn at a speed of 3000 m / min, and then drawn and heat treated at a drawing temperature of 120 ° C., a draw ratio of 1.5 times, and a heat treatment temperature of 160 ° C. A fiber 75d / 24f was obtained. Here, using the above-mentioned solar selective absorbent heat-retaining fiber for both warp and weft, weaving a plain fabric with a warp density of 115 yarns / 吋 and a weft density of 90 yarns / 吋, and using the raw machine in a conventional manner After scouring and presetting, the fabric was dyed with 2% owf of Kalonon Polyester Blue 2R-SL (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., disperse dye) to obtain a woven fabric made of solar selective absorbing heat retaining fibers. For comparison with this fiber , three comparative fabrics were produced according to Comparative Examples 1 to 3 below.
[0021]
Comparative Example 1
In Reference Example 1 , a comparative woven fabric was obtained in exactly the same manner as in Reference Example 1 except that polyethylene terephthalate used as Component B was used for both Component A and Component B and no hollow portion was provided.
[0022]
Comparative Example 2
In Reference Example 1 , a molten mixture of 95 parts by weight of polyethylene terephthalate used as Component A and 5 parts by weight of zirconium carbide (transition metal carbide fine powder) having an average particle diameter of 0.6 μm was used as Component B and used as Component B. A comparative fabric was obtained by the same method as in Reference Example 1 except that polyethylene terephthalate was used as component A.
[0023]
Comparative Example 3
In Reference Example 1 , no hollow part was provided, and in order to make the concentration of zirconium carbide in the yarn the same as in Example 1, 95 parts by weight of polyethylene terephthalate used as Component A was changed to 96 parts by weight, and zirconium carbide was used. A comparative fabric was obtained by the same method as in Reference Example 1 except that 5 parts by weight was changed to 4 parts by weight. The performance of the reference example 1 obtained as described above and the fabric of the comparative fiber was measured, and the results are also shown in Table 1.
[0024]
[Table 1]
[0025]
As is clear from Table 1, the solar selective absorbent heat retaining fiber of Reference Example 1 was superior in heat retaining property and light weight while having the same wear resistance as compared with Comparative Example 1. Although Comparative Example 2 has approximately the same heat retention as Reference Example 1 , it has poor wear resistance. Comparative Example 3 has the same wear resistance as Reference Example 1 , but the sample temperature after 10 minutes of light irradiation and after 5 minutes of extinguishing is lower than that of Reference Example 1 .
[0026]
Example 2
First, 95 parts by weight of 6 nylon having a relative viscosity of 2.6 measured in a m-cresol solvent at a concentration of 0.5 g / deciliter and a temperature of 20 ° C., zirconium carbide having an average particle diameter of 0.6 μm (transition metal carbide fine particles). (Powder) 5 parts by weight uniformly melt-mixed as component A, 6 nylon without the above fine powder added as component B, weight ratio A / B of component A to component B is 50/50, hollow ratio The composite fiber having a cross-sectional shape shown in (4) of FIG. At this time, the spinning temperature is set to 250 ° C., and the drawing is performed at a speed of 1500 m / min, followed by drawing and heat treatment at a drawing temperature of 85 ° C., a draw ratio of 2.6 times, and a heat treatment temperature of 165 ° C. A selective absorbent heat retaining fiber 60d / 12f was obtained.
Here, using the above-mentioned solar selective absorbent heat-retaining fiber for both warp and weft, weaving a plain fabric with a warp density of 120 yarns / 吋 and a weft density of 90 yarns / に よ り, and using the raw machine, After scouring and presetting, the fabric was dyed with 2% owf of Suminol Fast Yellow 2GP (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., acid dye) to obtain a woven fabric made of the solar selective absorbing heat retaining fiber of the present invention.
For comparison with the present invention, three comparative fabrics were produced according to the following Comparative Examples 4-6.
[0027]
Comparative Example 4
In Example 2, a comparative woven fabric was obtained by the same method as in this example, except that 6 nylon used as Component B was used for both Component A and Component B, and no hollow portion was provided.
[0028]
Comparative Example 5
In Example 2, component B is a molten mixture of 95 parts by weight of nylon 6 used as component A and 5 parts by weight of zirconium carbide (transition metal carbide fine powder) having an average particle size of 0.6 μm. A comparative fabric was obtained by the same method as in this example except that the 6 nylon used was component A.
[0029]
Comparative Example 6
In Example 2, no hollow part was provided, and in order to make the zirconium carbide concentration in the yarn the same as in Example 2, 95 parts by weight of 6 nylon used as Component A was changed to 96 parts by weight, and carbonized. A comparative fabric was obtained by the same method as in this example except that 5 parts by weight of zirconium was changed to 4 parts by weight.
The performance of the woven fabric comprising the present invention and comparative fibers obtained as described above was measured, and the results are also shown in Table 2.
[0030]
[Table 2]
[0031]
As is clear from Table 2, the solar-selective absorbent heat-retaining fiber of the present invention was superior in heat-retaining property and light weight while having the same wear resistance as compared with Comparative Example 4. Comparative Example 5 has a heat retaining property substantially equivalent to that of the present invention, but has poor wear resistance. Comparative Example 6 has the same wear resistance as that of the present invention, but the sample temperature after 10 minutes of light irradiation and after 5 minutes of light extinction is lower than that of the present invention.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
The solar selective absorptive heat-retaining fiber of the present invention has a good light weight and abrasion resistance, and keeps heat-retaining properties for a while even in the shade after irradiation, as well as when irradiated with sunlight. It has excellent heat retention that is not available.
[Brief description of the drawings]
[1] (1) - (2) are both cross-sectional view showing an example of fibers containing carbide fine powder of a transition metal used in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sketch of the main part of an apparatus for evaluating the abrasion resistance of fibers used in the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
7,10 Outermost layer
8,11 Middle layer
9,12 Hollow part 21 Brass wire 22 V-shaped bottom part 23 Fiber

Claims (1)

A core-sheath type composite fiber in which component A composed of a mixture of carbide fine powder of transition metal belonging to periodic group IV and thermoplastic synthetic polymer is coated with component B composed of thermoplastic synthetic polymer. A solar selective heat-absorbing heat-retaining fiber excellent in lightness, characterized in that it is a composite fiber having a cross-sectional core-sheath type or a well-shaped cross-sectional core-sheath type in which a hollow portion is formed inside the fiber.