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JP3755370B2 - Solder fillet inspection method - Google Patents
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JP3755370B2 - Solder fillet inspection method - Google Patents

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JP3755370B2
JP3755370B2 JP2000043144A JP2000043144A JP3755370B2 JP 3755370 B2 JP3755370 B2 JP 3755370B2 JP 2000043144 A JP2000043144 A JP 2000043144A JP 2000043144 A JP2000043144 A JP 2000043144A JP 3755370 B2 JP3755370 B2 JP 3755370B2
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solder fillet
solder
brightness
illumination
luminance
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JP2001228092A (en
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勝弘 笹田
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Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd
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Matsushita Electric Works Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/95Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
    • G01N21/956Inspecting patterns on the surface of objects
    • G01N21/95684Patterns showing highly reflecting parts, e.g. metallic elements

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Pathology (AREA)
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  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、チップ部品実装の半田付け検査を行うための半田フィレット検査方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、半田フィレット検査方法としては特開平5−296745号公報に示されるように、リング照明を複数段配置し、正反射する照明から半田フィレット部位の傾きを同定し、その半田フィレット部位の傾きを積算することで形状を計測する方法があった。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記の従来方法では、リング照明を複数段配置する必要があるため高価な照明設備になり、結果検査装置としては高コストになり、しかも画像撮像に時間を要してしまうという問題がある。
【0004】
また照明角度範囲の異なる照明を2つ有し、夫々の照明下で撮像した画像の差画像で半田フィレットの有無を判定する方法も特開平7−209205号公報に見られるように従来提案されているが、この方法ではチップ部品の電極の片側が浮き、半田フィレット部位の側面がお椀型になると検出できないという問題がある。
【0005】
本発明は、上記の問題点に鑑みてされたたもので、その目的とするところは回路基板上に半田付けされたチップ部位の半田フィレット部位を低コストな光学系で高精度に検査することができる半田フィレット検査方法を提供することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、請求項1の発明では、回路基板上に半田実装されたチップ部品の半田フィレット部位の良否を検査する半田フィレット検査方法であって、半田フィレット部位をほぼ真上からの照明のみで撮像するとともに、前記照明と異なる照明角度範囲の照明のみで撮像して夫々の画像を得、チップ部品の電極および半田の存在領域を設定して、前記2枚の画像のチップ部品の電極および半田の存在領域の輝度値を正規化し、同一位置の画素の正規化された輝度値の大小関係からその画素の傾斜を同定し、チップ部品の長手方向の傾斜の分布から半田フィレット部位の状態を判定するもので、2枚の画像のチップ部品の電極および半田の存在領域の輝度値の最大輝度同士を一致させ、且つ最小輝度同士を一致させるような輝度値に正規化し、同一位置の正規化された輝度値を横軸落射・縦軸斜方の座標にプロットし、プロットされた位置に基づいてその傾斜を同定することを特徴とする。
【0009】
請求項の発明では、請求項1の発明において、チップ部品の電極および半田の存在領域における同一位置の落射照明画像から斜方照明画像の輝度を引き,その輝度差が最大となる落射照明画像の輝度を落射照明画像の最大輝度とし斜方照明画像の輝度を斜方照明画像の最小輝度とし、また同一位置の輝度差が最小となる落射照明画像の輝度を落射照明画像の最小輝度とし斜方照明画像の輝度を斜方照明画像の最大輝度とし、両画像の最大輝度同士を一致させ、且つ最小輝度同士を一致させるような輝度値に正規化することを特徴とする。
【0010】
請求項の発明では、請求項1又は2の発明において、各輝度値の正規化を行う輝度値分布の収集は正反射する部位のみとすることを特徴とする。
【0012】
請求項の発明では、請求項1の発明において、同一位置の正規化された輝度値を横軸落射・縦軸斜方の座標にプロットし、プロットされた位置が原点から一定距離内であれば、その画素上の傾斜を同定不能と判定することを特徴とする。
請求項の発明では、請求項1又は4の発明において、傾斜同定された検査領域に乱反射面と判定された画素が存在すると、乱反射面と判定される条件に当てはまる画素を除いて両照明画像の正規化をやり直すことを特徴とする。
【0015】
請求項の発明では、請求項1の発明において、複数の検査ラインを設け、そのうち1ラインでも不良であれば、当該検査対象の半田フィレット部位を不良と判定することを特徴とする。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下本発明を実施形態により説明する。
【0017】
(実施形態1)
図1は本実施形態方法(及び後述する実施形態2の方法)を用いる検査装置の構成を示しており、本装置は被検査対象物とは、回路基板1上に実装したチップ部品2の半田フィレット部位3とし、前記回路基板1を移動させるXYテーブル4<Xテーブル4A及びYテーブル4Bからなる>と、そのXYテーブル4を制御する搬送制御部5と、半田フィレット部位3の傾斜を同定するために半田フィレット部位3をほぼ真上からの照明を行うための落射照明手段6と、半田フィレット部位3を落射照明とは異なる照明角度範囲、斜め方向から照明を行うための斜方照明手段7と、これらの照明手段6,7の点灯消灯を行う照明制御部8と、半田フィレット部位3を撮像するモノクロのCCDカメラ9と、撮像された画像を処理して半田フィレット部位3の良否を計測する画像処理部10と、撮像された画像等を表示するための画像表示部11とで構成される。
【0018】
落射照明手段6は側方に配置した光源6Aからの光をハーフミラー6Bで反射させてXYテーブル4に固定された回路基板1面に対して垂直な方向から照射するようになている。
【0019】
斜方照明手段7は照射方向を下斜め向きで且つ内向きに配置したかさ状の光源により上記回路基板1を斜方向から光を照射するようになっており、天井部位はハーフミラー6Bにより反射された落射照明手段6の光が透過できるようになっている。 またCCDカメラ9はハーフミラー6B、斜方照明手段7の天井部位を介して回路基板1上を撮像することができるようようになっている。
【0020】
次に図1の検査装置を用いた半田フィレット部位3を計測する手順を図2,図3のフローチャートに基づいて説明する。
【0021】
まず図4(a)に示す複数のチップ部品2…を実装した回路基板1をXYテーブル4の上に固定し、搬送制御部5の制御の下でXYテーブル4を動かすことにより検査対象である半田フィレット部位3をCCDカメラ9の視野まで移動させる。
【0022】
そして図2のフローチャートで示すように照明制御部8の制御の下で落射照明手段6,斜方照明手段7を随時点灯させ、その度に画像処理部10の制御の下でCCDカメラ9により画像を撮像する。
【0023】
この場合予めパターンの輪郭が直交している部分(図4(a)の楕円枠A内の矩形部B(図4(b)参照等)の画像と位置を保持しておき、撮像された画像からパターンマッチングでパターンの輪郭が直交している部分の位置を計測する。
【0024】
その位置の保存時からの移動量を考慮して半田フィレット候補部(半田傾斜判定領域)を設定する。
【0025】
次に、画像処理部10の制御処理の下で、上記の設定された半田フィレット候補部の輝度値を落射照明画像、斜方照明画像毎に収集し、それぞれ一次元配列R(x),S(x)に入力する。その際、両画像の差D(x)=S(x)−R(x)も算出しておく。
【0026】
次のステップでは半田フィレット侯補部の部品側から順にD(x)を見ていき、D(x)がしきい値を越え且つ極大値となる点を見つけ、その点をチップ部品2の長手方向の端点位置(チップ部品先端位置Xc=x)と判定し記憶しておく。
【0027】
次に一次元配列R(x),S(x)の最大輝度値・最小輝度値を検索し、式(1)、(2)でR(x),S(x)を正規化する。
【0028】
すると、図5(a)のように正規化前ではばらついていた落射S、斜方Rの輝度値が図5(b)のように最大輝度同士及び最小輝度同士を一致させるように正規化することで落斜S’、斜方R’の照明の照度の違いでばらつかなくなる。
【0029】
ここで、最大輝度値・最小輝度値を検索する部分はチップ部品2の電極と半田部位に限定するとともに照明光を正反射する部位(矩形部B)のみとする。
【0030】
【数1】

Figure 0003755370
【0031】
【数2】
Figure 0003755370
【0032】
Smax:斜方照明画像における矩形部B内での最大輝度
Smin:斜方照明画像における矩形部B内での最小輝度
Rmax:落射照明画像における矩形部B内での最大輝度
Rmin:落射照明画像における矩形部B内での最小輝度
次に、図6に示すようにR’(x)を横軸、S’(x)を縦軸にし、正規化された輝度値を順次次式(3)で偏角表現することで、傾斜を同定する。尚図6の▲2▼が第2象限、▲3▼が第3象限、▲4▼が第4象限を示す。
【0033】
【数3】
Figure 0003755370
【0034】
次に図3のフローチャートに示すようにチップ部品3の先端位置(x=Xc)からスタートし、偏角α(x)が第4象限を示し始めた点Xfを記憶しておく。連続で偏角が第4象限を示す回数(flat)がしきい値を超えるかxが終端(x=xend)となると、チップ部品2の先端位置(x=Xc)から点Xfまでの距離Lを算出し、その値Lがしきい値未満であれば半田不足(図7(b))と判定し、しきい値以上であれば良品(図7(a))と画像処理部10で判定する。またx=xendの場合には良品と判定する。
【0035】
尚、傾斜同定された検査領域に乱反射面と判定する画素が存在すると、乱反射面と判定される条件に当てはまる画素を除いて落射照明及び斜方照明による画像の正規化をやり直すと、検査精度の向上が図れる。
【0036】
また画像撮像以下の処理を複数本の検査ラインを設け、その内の1本の検査ラインでも不良であれば検査対象の半田フィレット部位3を不良と判定するようにすれば検査精度の向上も図れる。
【0037】
而して本実施形態の方法では半田フィレット部位3を検査(半田量のチェック)すると、多段照明方式と同等以上の検査性能が得られ、画像撮像回数が減少し検査時間々が短縮され、照明コストが激減される。
【0038】
(実施形態2)
本実施形態は実施形態1と同様に図1の検査装置を用いて実現されたもので、装置の構成についての説明は省略する。
【0039】
次に本実施形態における、半田フィレット部位3を計測する手順を図8、図9のフローチャートに基づいて説明する。
【0040】
まず実施形態1の手順と同様に回路基板1をXYテーブル4の上に固定し、検査対象である半田フィレット部位3をCCDカメラ9の視野まで移動させる。落射照明手段6,斜方照明手段7を随時点灯させその度にCCDカメラ9で画像を撮像する。
【0041】
そして図8のフローチャートで示すように照明制御部8の制御の下で落射照明手段6,斜方照明手段7を随時点灯させ、その度に画像処理部10の制御の下でCCDカメラ9で画像を撮像する。
【0042】
この場合予めパターンの輪郭が直交している部分(図4(a)の楕円枠A内の矩形部B(図4(b)参照等)の画像と位置を保持しておき、撮像された画像からパターンマッチングでパターンの輪郭が直交している部分の位置を計測する。
【0043】
その位置の保存時からの移動量を考慮して半田フィレット候補部(半田傾斜判定領域)を設定する。
【0044】
次に、画像処理部10の制御処理の下で、上記の設定された半田フィレット候補部の輝度値を落射照明画像、斜方照明画像毎に収集し、それぞれ一次元配列R(x),S(x)に入力する。その際、両画像の差D(x)=S(x)−R(x)も算出しておく。
【0045】
次のステップでは半田フィレット侯補部の部品側から順にD(x)を見ていき、D(x)がしきい値を越え且つ極大値となる点を見つけ、その点をチップ部品2の長手方向の端点位置(チップ部品先端位置Xc=x)と判定し記憶しておく。
【0046】
次に両画像の差D(x)での最大値を持つxをx max 、最小値を持つxをxminとし、これらの値を元に次式(4)、(5)でR(x),S(x)を正規化する。
【0047】
点xmaxは正反射する45°以下の斜面である可能性が高いので、S(xmax)はS(x)の明の代表値であり、R(xmax)はR(x)の暗の代表値である。 また、点xminは正反射する水平な面である可能性が高いのでS(xmin)はS(x)の暗の代表値でありR(xmin)はR(x)の明の代表値である。(図9(a)(b)参照、尚(b)は正規化後を示す)
【数4】
Figure 0003755370
【0048】
【数5】
Figure 0003755370
【0049】
次に、R’(x)を横軸,S’(x)を縦軸にし、正規化された輝度値を順次次式(6)で偏角表現する。
【0050】
但し、偏角表現は|R’(x)|,lS’(x)|のどちらかがしきい値を越える時のみ行う。これは、どちらともいえない傾斜を無理に同定するより同定不可能としておく方が後の良否判定に悪影響を及ぼさないからである。
【0051】
【数6】
Figure 0003755370
【0052】
次に図9のフローチャートで示すようにチップ部品2の先端位置(x=Xc)からスタートし、偏角の変動が良品パターン(象限の並びが第3象限→第2象限→第4象限あるいは第3象限→第2象限)と一致するかどうかで良否の判定を行う。一致していなければチップ部品2の浮き(図10(b))と判定し、一致していれば良品(図10(a))と判定する。つまりチップ部品2の端部から傾斜の分布と一致するかどうかで良品を判定するのである。
【0053】
尚、傾斜同定された検査領域に乱反射面と判定する画素が存在すると、乱反射面と判定される条件に当てはまる画素を除いて落射照明及び斜方照明による画像の正規化をやり直すと、検査精度の向上が図れる。
【0054】
また画像撮像以下の処理を複数本の検査ラインを設け、その内の1本の検査ラインでも不良であれば検査対象の半田フィレット部位3を不良と判定するようにすれば検査精度の向上も図れる。
【0055】
而して本実施形態の方法で半田フィレット部位3を検査(チップ部品2の浮き検査)すると、多段照明方式と同等以上の検査性能が得られ、画像撮像回数が減少し検査時間が短縮され、照明コストが激減される。
【0056】
【発明の効果】
請求項1の発明は、回路基板上に半田実装されたチップ部品の半田フィレット部位の良否を検査する半田フィレット検査方法であって、半田フィレット部位をほぼ真上からの照明のみで撮像するとともに、前記照明と異なる照明角度範囲の照明のみで撮像して夫々の画像を得、チップ部品の電極および半田の存在領域を設定して、前記2枚の画像のチップ部品の電極および半田の存在領域の輝度値を正規化し、同一位置の画素の正規化された輝度値の大小関係からその画素の傾斜を同定し、チップ部品の長手方向の傾斜の分布から半田フィレット部位の状態を判定するので、多段照明方式と同等以上の高精度検査が可能となり、また画像撮像回数が減少して検査時間を短縮でき、しかも照明手段のコストを激減できる。
更に2枚の画像のチップ部品の電極および半田の存在領域の輝度値の最大輝度同士を一致させ、且つ最小輝度同士を一致させるような輝度値に正規化するので、落射照明及び斜方照明による輝度値が照明の照度の違いによってばらつくのを無くすことができる。
特に、同一位置の正規化された輝度値を横軸落射・縦軸斜方の座標にプロットし、プロットされた位置に基づいてその傾斜を同定するので、半田フィレット部位の判定が確実に行える。
【0059】
請求項の発明は、請求項1の発明において、チップ部品の電極および半田の存在領域における同一位置の落射照明画像から斜方照明画像の輝度を引き、その輝度差が最大となる落射照明画像の輝度を落射照明画像の最大輝度とし斜方照明画像の輝度を斜方照明画像の最小輝度とし、また同一位置の輝度差が最小となる落射照明画像の輝度を落射照明画像の最小輝度とし斜方照明画像の輝度を斜方照明画像の最大輝度とし、両画像の最大輝度同士を一致させ、且つ最小輝度同士を一致させるような輝度値に正規化するので、落射照明及び斜方照明による輝度値が照明の照度の違いによってばらつくのを一層無くすことができる。
【0060】
請求項の発明は、請求項1又は2の発明において、各輝度値の正規化を行う輝度値分布の収集は正反射する部位のみとするので、落射照明及び斜方照明による輝度値が照明の照度の違いによってばらつくのを更に一層無くすことができる。
【0062】
請求項の発明は、請求項1の発明において、同一位置の正規化された輝度値を横軸落射・縦軸斜方の座標にプロットし、プロットされた位置が原点から一定距離内であれば、その画素上の傾斜を同定不能と判定するので、無理な同定を行うのに比べて良否判定に悪影響を与えることがない。
【0063】
請求項の発明は、請求項1又は4の発明において、傾斜同定された検査領域に乱反射面と判定された画素が存在すると、乱反射面と判定される条件に当てはまる画素を除いて両照明画像の正規化をやり直すので、より検査精度を向上させることができる。
【0066】
請求項の発明は、請求項1の発明において、複数の検査ラインを設け、そのうち1ラインでも不良であれば、当該検査対象の半田フィレット部位を不良と判定するので、検査精度の一層の向上が図れる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の検査装置の構成図である。
【図2】本発明の実施形態1の検査手順説明用のフローチャートである。
【図3】同上の検査手順説明用のフローチャートである。
【図4】同上における被検査対象部位の説明図である。
【図5】同上による輝度値の正規化の説明図である。
【図6】同上による半田フィレット部位の傾斜の同定の説明図である。
【図7】同上による良品、不良品の判定の説明図である。
【図8】本発明の実施形態2の検査手順説明用のフローチャートである。
【図9】同上における検査手順説明用フローチャートである。
【図10】同上による輝度値の正規化の説明図である。
【図11】同上による良品、不良品の判定の説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1 回路基板
2 チップ部品
3 半田フィレット部位
4 XYテーブル
5 搬送制御部
6 落射照明手段
7 斜方照明手段
8 照明制御部
9 CCDカメラ
10 画像処理部
11 画像表示部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a solder fillet inspection of how to perform soldering inspection of the chip component mounting.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a solder fillet inspection method, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-296745, a plurality of ring illuminations are arranged, the inclination of the solder fillet part is identified from the specularly reflected illumination, and the inclination of the solder fillet part is determined. There was a method to measure the shape by integrating.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the conventional method described above, it is necessary to arrange a plurality of ring illuminations, which results in an expensive illumination facility, resulting in a high cost as a result inspection apparatus and a problem that it takes time to capture an image.
[0004]
A method of determining the presence or absence of a solder fillet using a difference image between two images having different illumination angle ranges and captured under each illumination has been proposed as disclosed in JP-A-7-209205. However, this method has a problem that it cannot be detected when one side of the electrode of the chip component is floated and the side surface of the solder fillet portion is bowl-shaped.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its object is to accurately inspect a solder fillet portion of a chip portion soldered on a circuit board with a low-cost optical system. it is to provide a solder fillet inspection how that can.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a solder fillet inspection method for inspecting the quality of a solder fillet part of a chip component solder-mounted on a circuit board. The two image chips are obtained by setting the electrodes of the chip components and the areas where the solder is present, and taking images with only the illumination of the illumination angle range different from the illumination. Normalize the luminance value of the electrode and solder existing area, identify the inclination of the pixel from the normalized luminance value relationship of the pixel at the same position, and determine the solder fillet part from the distribution of the inclination in the longitudinal direction of the chip component The brightness is such that the maximum brightness of the brightness values of the chip component electrodes and solder existing areas of the two images are matched and the minimum brightness is matched. The normalized brightness value at the same position is plotted on the horizontal axis incident / vertical axis coordinate, and the inclination is identified based on the plotted position .
[0009]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the luminance of the oblique illumination image is subtracted from the incident illumination image at the same position in the region where the electrode of the chip component and the solder is present, and the incident illumination image in which the luminance difference is maximized. The luminance of the epi-illumination image is the maximum luminance of the epi-illumination image, the luminance of the oblique illumination image is the minimum luminance of the oblique illumination image, and the luminance of the epi-illumination image that minimizes the luminance difference at the same position is the minimum luminance of the epi-illumination image. The brightness of the side illumination image is set to the maximum brightness of the oblique illumination image, the maximum brightness of both images is matched, and the brightness value is normalized to match the minimum brightness.
[0010]
The invention of claim 3 is characterized in that, in the invention of claim 1 or 2 , the collection of the luminance value distribution for normalizing each luminance value is performed only for the part that regularly reflects.
[0012]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the normalized luminance value at the same position is plotted on the horizontal axis incident / vertical axis coordinate, and the plotted position is within a certain distance from the origin. For example, it is determined that the inclination on the pixel cannot be identified.
In the invention of claim 5, in the invention of claim 1 or 4, if there is a pixel determined to be an irregular reflection surface in the inspection area identified as being inclined, both illumination images are excluded except for a pixel that satisfies the condition determined to be an irregular reflection surface. It is characterized by re-normalizing.
[0015]
The invention of claim 6 is characterized in that, in the invention of claim 1, a plurality of inspection lines are provided, and if any one of the lines is defective, the solder fillet part to be inspected is determined to be defective.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
[0017]
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 shows the configuration of an inspection apparatus using the method of this embodiment (and the method of Embodiment 2 described later). In this apparatus, an object to be inspected is a solder of a chip component 2 mounted on a circuit board 1. An XY table 4 (consisting of an X table 4A and a Y table 4B) for moving the circuit board 1 as a fillet part 3 is identified, a conveyance control unit 5 for controlling the XY table 4 and the inclination of the solder fillet part 3 are identified. Therefore, the epi-illumination means 6 for illuminating the solder fillet part 3 from almost right above and the oblique illumination means 7 for illuminating the solder fillet part 3 from an oblique angle direction different from the epi-illumination. The illumination control unit 8 for turning on and off the illumination means 6 and 7, the monochrome CCD camera 9 for imaging the solder fillet part 3, and the captured image by processing the captured image. An image processing unit 10 for measuring the quality of bets site 3, and a image display unit 11 for displaying the captured image or the like.
[0018]
The epi-illumination means 6 reflects the light from the light source 6A arranged on the side by a half mirror 6B and irradiates it from a direction perpendicular to the surface of the circuit board 1 fixed to the XY table 4.
[0019]
The oblique illumination means 7 irradiates the circuit board 1 with light from an oblique direction with a bevel-shaped light source whose irradiation direction is obliquely downward and inward, and the ceiling portion is reflected by the half mirror 6B. The light of the incident epi-illumination means 6 can be transmitted. The CCD camera 9 can capture an image on the circuit board 1 through the half mirror 6B and the ceiling portion of the oblique illumination means 7.
[0020]
Next, a procedure for measuring the solder fillet region 3 using the inspection apparatus of FIG. 1 will be described based on the flowcharts of FIGS.
[0021]
First, a circuit board 1 on which a plurality of chip components 2... Shown in FIG. 4A are mounted is fixed on an XY table 4, and the XY table 4 is moved under the control of the transfer control unit 5 to be inspected. The solder fillet part 3 is moved to the field of view of the CCD camera 9.
[0022]
Then, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 2, the epi-illumination means 6 and the oblique illumination means 7 are turned on at any time under the control of the illumination control unit 8, and each time the CCD camera 9 controls the image under the control of the image processing unit 10. Image.
[0023]
In this case, the image and the position of the rectangular portion B (see FIG. 4B, etc.) within the oval frame A in FIG. Then, the position of the portion where the contour of the pattern is orthogonal is measured by pattern matching.
[0024]
A solder fillet candidate portion (solder inclination determination region) is set in consideration of the movement amount of the position from the time of storage.
[0025]
Next, under the control processing of the image processing unit 10, the luminance values of the set solder fillet candidate portions are collected for each of the incident illumination image and the oblique illumination image, and each one-dimensional array R (x), S Enter in (x). At that time, a difference D (x) = S (x) −R (x) between the two images is also calculated.
[0026]
In the next step, D (x) is observed in order from the component side of the solder fillet compensation part, a point where D (x) exceeds the threshold value and becomes the maximum value is found, and this point is determined as the length of the chip component 2. The direction end point position (chip component tip position Xc = x) is determined and stored.
[0027]
Next, the maximum luminance value and the minimum luminance value of the one-dimensional arrays R (x) and S (x) are searched, and R (x) and S (x) are normalized by the equations (1) and (2).
[0028]
Then, normalization is performed so that the luminance values of the epi-illumination S and the oblique R, which have been scattered before normalization as shown in FIG. 5A, match the maximum luminance and the minimum luminance as shown in FIG. 5B. Therefore, it does not vary due to the difference in illuminance between the falling slope S ′ and the oblique direction R ′.
[0029]
Here, the maximum luminance value and the minimum luminance value are searched only for the part (rectangular part B) that regularly reflects the illumination light while limiting to the electrode and the solder part of the chip component 2.
[0030]
[Expression 1]
Figure 0003755370
[0031]
[Expression 2]
Figure 0003755370
[0032]
Smax: Maximum luminance in the rectangular portion B in the oblique illumination image Smin: Minimum luminance in the rectangular portion B in the oblique illumination image Rmax: Maximum luminance in the rectangular portion B in the incident illumination image Rmin: In the incident illumination image Minimum luminance in rectangular portion B Next, as shown in FIG. 6, R ′ (x) is the horizontal axis and S ′ (x) is the vertical axis, and the normalized luminance values are sequentially expressed by the following equation (3). By expressing the declination, the inclination is identified. In FIG. 6, (2) indicates the second quadrant, (3) indicates the third quadrant, and (4) indicates the fourth quadrant.
[0033]
[Equation 3]
Figure 0003755370
[0034]
Next, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 3, the point Xf starting from the tip position (x = Xc) of the chip component 3 and starting to show the fourth quadrant of the declination α (x) is stored. If the number of times that the declination continuously indicates the fourth quadrant (flat) exceeds the threshold value or x reaches the end (x = xend), the distance L from the tip position (x = Xc) of the chip component 2 to the point Xf If the value L is less than the threshold value, it is determined that the solder is insufficient (FIG. 7B), and if it is equal to or greater than the threshold value, the non-defective product (FIG. 7A) is determined by the image processing unit 10. To do. When x = xend, it is determined as a non-defective product.
[0035]
In addition, if there is a pixel that is determined as an irregular reflection surface in the inspection area that has been identified as inclined, if the normalization of the image by epi-illumination and oblique illumination is performed again, except for pixels that meet the condition determined as an irregular reflection surface, the inspection accuracy is improved. Improvement can be achieved.
[0036]
Further, if a plurality of inspection lines are provided for the processing after image capturing and one of the inspection lines is defective, the inspection accuracy can be improved by determining that the solder fillet portion 3 to be inspected is defective. .
[0037]
Thus, in the method of the present embodiment, when the solder fillet part 3 is inspected (checking the amount of solder), inspection performance equal to or better than that of the multi-stage illumination method is obtained, the number of image capturing operations is reduced, and inspection times are shortened. Cost is drastically reduced.
[0038]
(Embodiment 2)
The present embodiment is realized by using the inspection apparatus of FIG. 1 similarly to the first embodiment, and description of the configuration of the apparatus is omitted.
[0039]
Next, the procedure for measuring the solder fillet part 3 in the present embodiment will be described based on the flowcharts of FIGS.
[0040]
First, similarly to the procedure of the first embodiment, the circuit board 1 is fixed on the XY table 4, and the solder fillet part 3 to be inspected is moved to the visual field of the CCD camera 9. The epi-illumination means 6 and the oblique illumination means 7 are turned on at any time and an image is picked up by the CCD camera 9 each time.
[0041]
Then, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 8, the epi-illumination means 6 and the oblique illumination means 7 are lit at any time under the control of the illumination control unit 8, and the CCD camera 9 controls the image under the control of the image processing unit 10 each time. Image.
[0042]
In this case, the image and the position of the rectangular portion B (see FIG. 4B, etc.) within the oval frame A in FIG. Then, the position of the portion where the contour of the pattern is orthogonal is measured by pattern matching.
[0043]
A solder fillet candidate portion (solder inclination determination region) is set in consideration of the movement amount of the position from the time of storage.
[0044]
Next, under the control processing of the image processing unit 10, the luminance values of the set solder fillet candidate portions are collected for each of the incident illumination image and the oblique illumination image, and each one-dimensional array R (x), S Enter in (x). At that time, a difference D (x) = S (x) −R (x) between the two images is also calculated.
[0045]
In the next step, D (x) is observed in order from the component side of the solder fillet compensation part, a point where D (x) exceeds the threshold value and becomes the maximum value is found, and this point is determined as the length of the chip component 2. The direction end point position (chip component tip position Xc = x) is determined and stored.
[0046]
Next, x having the maximum value in the difference D (x) between both images is set to x max, and x having the minimum value is set to xmin. Based on these values, R (x) in the following equations (4) and (5) , S (x) is normalized.
[0047]
Since the point xmax is likely to be a specularly reflecting slope of 45 ° or less, S (xmax) is a representative value of light of S (x), and R (xmax) is a representative value of darkness of R (x). It is. In addition, since the point xmin is likely to be a specularly reflecting horizontal surface, S (xmin) is the dark representative value of S (x) and R (xmin) is the bright representative value of R (x). . (See FIGS. 9A and 9B, where (b) shows after normalization)
[Expression 4]
Figure 0003755370
[0048]
[Equation 5]
Figure 0003755370
[0049]
Next, R ′ (x) is the horizontal axis, and S ′ (x) is the vertical axis, and the normalized luminance values are expressed in declination sequentially by the following equation (6).
[0050]
However, declination expression is performed only when either | R ′ (x) | or lS ′ (x) | exceeds the threshold value. This is because it is more unfavorable to determine later whether or not it is possible to identify an inclination that cannot be said to be forcibly identified.
[0051]
[Expression 6]
Figure 0003755370
[0052]
Next, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 9, starting from the tip position (x = Xc) of the chip component 2, the variation in the declination is a non-defective pattern (the quadrants are arranged in the third quadrant → second quadrant → fourth quadrant or fourth quadrant). Pass / fail is determined based on whether or not it coincides with (3 quadrant → second quadrant). If they do not match, it is determined that the chip component 2 is floating (FIG. 10B), and if they do match, it is determined that the chip part 2 is non-defective (FIG. 10A). That is, a non-defective product is determined based on whether or not it matches the inclination distribution from the end of the chip component 2.
[0053]
In addition, if there is a pixel that is determined as an irregular reflection surface in the inspection area that has been identified as inclined, if the normalization of the image by epi-illumination and oblique illumination is performed again, except for pixels that meet the condition determined as an irregular reflection surface, the inspection accuracy is improved. Improvement can be achieved.
[0054]
Further, if a plurality of inspection lines are provided for the processing after image capturing and one of the inspection lines is defective, the inspection accuracy can be improved by determining that the solder fillet portion 3 to be inspected is defective. .
[0055]
Thus, when the solder fillet portion 3 is inspected by the method of the present embodiment (chip component 2 floating inspection), inspection performance equal to or better than that of the multistage illumination method is obtained, the number of image capturing times is reduced, and the inspection time is shortened. Lighting costs are drastically reduced.
[0056]
【The invention's effect】
The invention of claim 1 is a solder fillet inspection method for inspecting the quality of a solder fillet part of a chip component solder-mounted on a circuit board, and images the solder fillet part only with illumination from directly above, Each of the images is obtained by imaging only with an illumination angle range different from that of the illumination, and the chip component electrodes and solder existing regions are set, and the chip image electrodes and solder existing regions of the two images are set. Since the luminance value is normalized, the inclination of the pixel is identified from the normalized luminance value relationship of the pixel at the same position, and the state of the solder fillet part is determined from the distribution of the inclination in the longitudinal direction of the chip part. High-accuracy inspection equivalent to or higher than that of the illumination method is possible, the number of times of image capturing is reduced, inspection time can be shortened, and the cost of the illumination means can be drastically reduced.
Furthermore, since the maximum brightness of the brightness values of the two parts of the chip part electrode and the solder existing area are matched and the brightness values are normalized so that the minimum brightness is matched, the incident light and oblique illumination are used. The luminance value can be prevented from varying due to the difference in illumination intensity.
In particular, since the normalized luminance value at the same position is plotted on the horizontal axis incident / vertical axis coordinate and the inclination is identified based on the plotted position, the determination of the solder fillet portion can be performed reliably.
[0059]
According to a second aspect of the present invention , in the first aspect of the present invention, the luminance of the oblique illumination image is subtracted from the incident illumination image at the same position in the region where the electrode of the chip component and the solder is present, and the incident illumination image in which the luminance difference is maximized. The luminance of the epi-illumination image is the maximum luminance of the epi-illumination image, the luminance of the oblique illumination image is the minimum luminance of the oblique illumination image, and the luminance of the epi-illumination image that minimizes the luminance difference at the same position is the minimum luminance of the epi-illumination image. Since the brightness of the side-illuminated image is set to the maximum brightness of the oblique illumination image, the maximum brightness of both images is matched, and the brightness value is normalized so that the minimum brightness is matched. It can be further eliminated that the value varies due to the difference in illumination intensity.
[0060]
According to the invention of claim 3, in the invention of claim 1 or 2 , since the collection of the brightness value distribution for normalizing each brightness value is made only for the part that reflects regularly, the brightness value by the epi-illumination and oblique illumination is illuminated. The variation due to the difference in illuminance can be further eliminated.
[0062]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the invention, the normalized luminance value at the same position is plotted on the horizontal axis incident / vertical axis coordinate, and the plotted position is within a certain distance from the origin. For example, since the inclination on the pixel is determined to be unidentifiable, it does not adversely affect the pass / fail determination as compared with performing an unreasonable identification.
[0063]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the first or fourth aspect of the invention, if there is a pixel determined to be an irregular reflection surface in the inspection area identified for inclination, both illumination images are excluded except for a pixel that satisfies the condition determined to be an irregular reflection surface. Since the normalization is repeated, the inspection accuracy can be further improved.
[0066]
The invention of claim 6 is the invention of claim 1, wherein a plurality of inspection lines are provided, and even if one of the lines is defective, the solder fillet portion to be inspected is determined to be defective, so that the inspection accuracy is further improved. Can be planned.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an inspection apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining an inspection procedure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining the inspection procedure of the above.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a region to be inspected in the same as above.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of normalization of luminance values according to the above.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of identification of the inclination of the solder fillet portion according to the above.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of determination of a non-defective product and a defective product according to the above.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining an inspection procedure according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining an inspection procedure in the same as above.
FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of normalization of luminance values according to the above.
FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of determination of a non-defective product and a defective product according to the above.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Circuit board 2 Chip component 3 Solder fillet part 4 XY table 5 Conveyance control part 6 Epi-illumination means 7 Oblique illumination means 8 Illumination control part 9 CCD camera 10 Image processing part 11 Image display part

Claims (6)

回路基板上に半田実装されたチップ部品の半田フィレット部位の良否を検査する半田フィレット検査方法であって、半田フィレット部位をほぼ真上からの照明のみで撮像するとともに、前記照明と異なる照明角度範囲の照明のみで撮像して夫々の画像を得、チップ部品の電極および半田の存在領域を設定して、前記2枚の画像のチップ部品の電極および半田の存在領域の輝度値を正規化し、同一位置の画素の正規化された輝度値の大小関係からその画素の傾斜を同定し、チップ部品の長手方向の傾斜の分布から半田フィレット部位の状態を判定するもので、2枚の画像のチップ部品の電極および半田の存在領域の輝度値の最大輝度同士を一致させ、且つ最小輝度同士を一致させるような輝度値に正規化し、同一位置の正規化された輝度値を横軸落射・縦軸斜方の座標にプロットし、プロットされた位置に基づいてその傾斜を同定することを特徴とする半田フィレット検査方法。A solder fillet inspection method for inspecting the quality of a solder fillet part of a chip component solder-mounted on a circuit board, wherein the solder fillet part is imaged with only illumination from directly above, and an illumination angle range different from the illumination. Each of the images is taken only with the illumination to obtain respective images, the chip part electrodes and solder existing areas are set, the luminance values of the chip part electrodes and solder existing areas of the two images are normalized, and the same identifying the slope of the pixel from the magnitude of the normalized luminance values of the pixel position, intended to determine the longitudinal state of the solder fillet portion from the distribution of the inclination of the chip component, the two images chip components The brightness values of the electrodes and solder existing areas are matched to each other and normalized to a brightness value that matches the minimum brightness values. A solder fillet inspection method characterized by plotting on the axis incident / vertical coordinate and identifying the inclination based on the plotted position . チップ部品の電極および半田の存在領域における同一位置の落射照明画像から斜方照明画像の輝度を引き,その輝度差が最大となる落射照明画像の輝度を落射照明画像の最大輝度とし斜方照明画像の輝度を斜方照明画像の最小輝度とし、また同一位置の輝度差が最小となる落射照明画像の輝度を落射照明画像の最小輝度とし斜方照明画像の輝度を斜方照明画像の最大輝度とし、両画像の最大輝度同士を一致させ、且つ最小輝度同士を一致させるような輝度値に正規化することを特徴とする請求項1記載の半田フィレット検査方法。The luminance of the oblique illumination image is subtracted from the epi-illumination image at the same position in the chip part electrode and the solder existing area, and the oblique illumination image is defined as the epi-illumination image luminance that maximizes the luminance difference. Is the minimum brightness of the oblique illumination image, the brightness of the epi-illumination image where the difference in brightness at the same position is the minimum is the minimum brightness of the epi-illumination image, and the brightness of the oblique illumination image is the maximum brightness of the oblique illumination image. 2. The solder fillet inspection method according to claim 1, wherein the maximum brightness of both images is matched and the brightness value is normalized so that the minimum brightness is matched. 各輝度値の正規化を行う輝度値分布の収集は正反射する部位のみとすることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の半田フィレット検査方法。The solder fillet inspection method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the collection of the luminance value distribution for normalizing each luminance value is performed only for a part that is regularly reflected. 同一位置の正規化された輝度値を横軸落射・縦軸斜方の座標にプロットし、プロットされた位置が原点から一定距離内であれば、その画素上の傾斜を同定不能と判定することを特徴とする請求項記載の半田フィレット検査方法。Plot the normalized luminance value at the same position on the horizontal axis incident / vertical axis coordinate, and if the plotted position is within a certain distance from the origin, determine that the inclination on that pixel cannot be identified. The solder fillet inspection method according to claim 1 . 傾斜同定された検査領域に乱反射面と判定された画素が存在すると、乱反射面と判定される条件に当てはまる画素を除いて両照明画像の正規化をやり直すことを特徴とする請求項1又は記載の半田フィレット検査方法。 When the pixels which are determined to irregular reflection surface inclined identified inspection area is present, according to claim 1 or 4 further characterized in that except for the pixels fall in the condition it is determined that the irregular reflection surface again the normalization of both the illumination image Solder fillet inspection method. 複数の検査ラインを設け、そのうち1ラインでも不良であれば、当該被検査対象の半田フィレット部位を不良と判定することを特徴とする請求項1記載の半田フィレット検査方法。 A plurality of inspection lines, if defective in one of which line, the solder fillet inspection method according to claim 1 Symbol mounting, characterized in that determining the solder fillet portion of the object to be tested as defective.
JP2000043144A 2000-02-21 2000-02-21 Solder fillet inspection method Expired - Fee Related JP3755370B2 (en)

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