JP3758549B2 - Hot pressing method - Google Patents
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- JP3758549B2 JP3758549B2 JP2001324570A JP2001324570A JP3758549B2 JP 3758549 B2 JP3758549 B2 JP 3758549B2 JP 2001324570 A JP2001324570 A JP 2001324570A JP 2001324570 A JP2001324570 A JP 2001324570A JP 3758549 B2 JP3758549 B2 JP 3758549B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、熱間プレス加工方法、特に自動車用の足廻り、シャ−シ、補強部品などの製造に使用される部品の熱間プレス加工方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、自動車の軽量化のため、鋼材の高強度化を図り、使用する鋼材の厚みを減ずる努力が進んでいる。しかし、鋼材としての鋼板をプレス成形、例えば絞り形成を行うことを考えた場合、使用する鋼板の強度が高くなると絞り成形加工時に金型との接触圧力が高まり鋼板のカジリや鋼板の破断が発生したり、またそのような問題を少しでも軽減しようと鋼板の絞り成形時の材料の金型内への流入を高めるためブランク押さえ圧を下げると成形後の形状がばらつく等の問題点がある。
【0003】
また、形状安定性いわゆるスプリングバックも発生し、これに対しては例えば潤滑剤使用による改善対策等もあるが、780MPa級以上の高強度鋼板ではその効果が小さい。
【0004】
このように難加工材料としての高強度鋼のプレス成形には問題点が多いのが現状である。なお、以下、この種の材料を「難プレス成形材料」という。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、このような難プレス成形材料をプレス成形する技術として、成形すべき材料を予め加熱して成形する方法が考えられる。いわゆる熱間プレス成形および温間プレス成形である。以下、単に熱間プレス成形と総称する。
【0006】
しかし、熱間プレス成形は、加熱した鋼板を加工する成形方法であるため、表面酸化は避けられず、たとえ鋼板を非酸化性雰囲気中で加熱しても、例えば加熱炉からプレス成形のため取り出すときに大気にふれると表面に鉄酸化物が形成される。この鉄酸化物がプレス時に脱落して金型に付着して生産性を低下させたり、あるいはプレス後の製品にそのような酸化皮膜が残存して外観が不良となるという問題がある。しかも、このような酸化皮膜が残存すると、次工程で塗装する場合に鋼板との塗膜密着性が劣ることになる。またスケールが残存する場合、次工程で塗装してもスケール/鋼板間の密着性不芳のせいで塗膜密着性が劣る。
【0007】
そこで熱間プレス成形後は、ショットブラストを行ってそのようなスケールを構成する鉄酸化層を除去することが必要となるが、これではコスト増は免れない。
【0008】
また加熱時にそのようなスケールを形成させないために低合金鋼やステンレス鋼を用いてもスケール発生は完全に防止できないばかりか、普通鋼に比較して大幅にコスト高となる。
【0009】
このような問題を解決すべく、特開2000−38640 号公報では、熱間成形時に母材鋼板の耐酸化抵抗性を持たせるためにアルミニウム被覆した鋼板を提案しているが、このような鋼板も普通鋼と比較した場合、大幅なコスト増となる。
【0010】
このような熱間プレス成形時の表面酸化の問題に対する対策として加熱時の雰囲気とプレス工程全体の雰囲気をともに非酸化性雰囲気にすることも理論上有効ではあるが設備上大幅な高コストとなる。
【0011】
このような事情からも、今日でも熱間プレスについては多くの提案はされているが、実用的な段階には至っていないのが現状である。
ここに、特許出願として提案されている現状の技術について概観すると次のようである。
【0012】
例えば、熱間プレスの利点としては、プレス成形とともに熱処理を行えることが挙げられるが、その際にさらに同時に表面処理をも行うことが、特開平7−116900号公報に提案されている。もちろん、このような技術にも前述のような表面酸化の問題もあるが、複雑な形状の金型に防錆剤等の表面処理剤を均一に塗布することは難しく、またそのように金型に予め塗布した表面処理剤をプレス成形時に製品に均一に転写させることも難しい。もちろん、プレス成形後の処理としてめっき処理等の防錆処理を個別に行うことは自明であるが、そのような方法は生産性が低く、大幅なコスト増をもたらすことは明らかである。
【0013】
このように高強度の鋼板を成形するために熱間でプレス成形する方法があるが生成した鉄酸化物を除去する工程が必要であるのと、たとえ鉄酸化物を除去しても鋼板のみでは防錆性に劣るのが現状である。
【0014】
防錆性あるいは耐食性改善という面だけからでは、特開平6−240414号公報で提案されているように、例えばドア内のインパクトバーのような自動車用部品では、ドア内に浸入した腐食因子の水分が焼入鋼管の管内無塗装部を腐食させることがあるため、そのような焼入鋼管を構成する鋼材の鋼成分にCr、Mo等の元素を添加して耐食性を向上させている例もある。しかし、このような対策では、Cr、Mo添加でコスト高となるばかりでなく、プレス成形用の材料の場合、それらの合金成分の添加によるプレス成形性の劣化の問題がある。
【0015】
ここに、本発明の課題は、実用性に優れた熱間プレス加工方法を提供することである。
さらに具体的には、本発明の課題は、表面性状の劣化を伴うことなく、プレス加工品の耐食性および塗装密着性が改善される熱間プレス加工方法を提供することである。
【0016】
【課題を解決するための手段】
ここに本発明者らは、かかる課題を解決する手段について種々の角度から鋭意検討し、めっき鋼材を使用した熱間プレス加工に際しての加熱操作について種々検討を重ねた結果、熱間プレス加工温度に至るまでに中間温度で保持してFeとめっき層の相互拡散をさらに図ることが耐食性およびプレス加工性の改善に有効であることを知った。
【0017】
すなわち、熱間プレスは700 〜1000℃という温度で加熱することを意味するのであって、この温度は、亜鉛系めっき金属の融点以上の温度であって、そのような高温に加熱した場合、めっき層は溶融し、表面より流失し、あるいは溶融・蒸発して残存しないか、残存しても表面性状は著しく劣ったものとなることが予測された。
【0018】
かくして、溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板をそのまま加熱するのではなく、溶融亜鉛めっき (GI) 鋼板を合金化溶融亜鉛めっき (GA) 鋼板とすることでFe/Znの拡散の促進を図り、これにより予想外にも上述のような問題を回避でき、耐食性の更なる改善を図ることが可能であることを知り、難加工性材料である高張力鋼材などを熱間プレス加工する方法を開発した。
【0019】
ここに、本発明においてはその際の加熱操作をさらに改善することで、最終的に得られる材料のプレス後外観、耐食性および塗装密着性を一層改善したものである。
【0020】
かかる知見を基に完成された本発明は、次の通りである。
(1)めっき鋼材の熱間プレス加工に先立って、400℃以上Ac3変態点以下の温度で5〜1000sec間保持をし、さらに熱間プレス加工時に鋼材表面に鉄と亜鉛の固溶相を形成させることを特徴とする熱間プレス加工方法。
【0021】
(2)前記保持後に700〜1000℃の温度で熱間プレスを行う上記(1)記載の熱間プレス加工方法。
(3)前記めっき鋼材が亜鉛系めっき鋼材である上記(1)または(2)記載の熱間プレス加工方法。
【0022】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明において上述のように限定する理由について詳述する。なお、本明細書において鋼組成およびめっき組成を規定する「%」は「質量%」である。
【0023】
本発明によれば、溶融亜鉛系めっき鋼板を酸化性雰囲気下で加熱することで、その後に例えば900 ℃以上に加熱しても、表面の亜鉛系めっき層の蒸発が防止され、加熱後に熱間プレスを行うことができる。しかも、プレス成形後は亜鉛系めっき皮膜を備えていることから、それ自体すでに優れた耐食性を備えており、後処理としての防錆処理を必要としないというすぐれた効果を発揮することができる。
【0024】
素地鋼材
本発明にかかる熱間プレス用の素地鋼材は、溶融亜鉛系めっき時のめっき濡れ性、めっき後のめっき密着性が良好であれば特に限定しないが、熱間プレスの特性として、熱間成形後に急冷して高強度、高硬度となる焼き入れ鋼、たとえば高張力鋼板が実用上は特に好ましい。
【0025】
例えば、Si含有鋼やステンレス鋼のようにめっき濡れ性、めっき密着性に問題のある鋼種でもプレめっき処理等のめっき密着性向上手法を用いてめっき密着性を改善することで本発明に用いることができる。
【0026】
鋼材の焼き入れ後の強度は主に含有炭素(C) 量によってきまるため、高強度の成形品が必要な場合は、C含有量0.1 %以上、3.0 %以下とすることが望ましい。このときに上限を超えると、靭性が低下するおそれがある。
【0027】
特に、本発明の場合、プレス成形が難しいと言われている難プレス成形材である高張力鋼板、Si、Mn、Ni、Cr、Mo、V等を添加した機械構造用鋼板、高硬度鋼板等についてその実用上の意義が大きい。
【0028】
素材としてのプレス成形母材の形態は、一般には板材であるが、本発明の対象とする熱間プレスの形態として曲げ加工、絞り成型、張出し成型、穴拡げ成型、フランジ成型等があるから、その場合には、棒材、線材、管材などを素材として用いてもよい。
【0029】
亜鉛系めっき層
本発明による亜鉛系めっき鋼板の場合、具体的なめっき操作としては、溶融した亜鉛および亜鉛合金めっき浴に鋼板を浸漬して引き上げる。めっき付着量の制御は引き上げ速度やノズルより吹き出すワイピングガスの流量調整により行う。合金化処理はめっき処理後にガス炉や誘導加熱炉などで追加的に加熱して行う。かかるめっき操作は、コイルの連続めっき法あるいは切り板単板めっき法のいずれによってめっきを行ってもよい。
【0030】
もちろん、所定厚みのめっき層が得られるのであれば、例えば、電気めっき、溶射めっき、蒸着めっき等その他いずれの方法でめっき層を設けてもよい。
亜鉛系めっき層の組成は特に制限がなく、純亜鉛めっき層であっても、Al、Mn、Ni、Cr、Co、Mg、Sn、Pbなどの合金元素をその目的に応じて適宜量添加した亜鉛合金めっき層であってもよい。その他原料等から不可避的に混入することがあるBe、B、Si、P、S、Ti、V、W、Mo、Sb、Cd、Nb、Cu、Sr等のうちのいくつかが含有されることもある。
【0031】
しかし、純亜鉛めっき層または合金化亜鉛めっき層の方が低コストで望ましい。
亜鉛合金めっきとしては、次のような系が例示される。
【0032】
亜鉛−鉄合金めっき、亜鉛−コバルト合金めっき、亜鉛−クロム合金めっき、亜鉛−アルミニウム−マグネシウム合金めっき、亜鉛−マンガン合金めっきなどである。
【0033】
めっき付着量は片面当たり90g/m2以下が良好である。90g/m2を超えると亜鉛酸化層の形成が不均一となり外観上問題がある。下限は特に制限しないが、薄過ぎるとプレス成形後に所要の耐食性を確保できなくなったり、あるいは加熱の際に鋼板の酸化を抑制するのに必要な酸化亜鉛層を形成できなくなったりすることから、通常は20g/m2程度以上、好ましくは30g/m2以上確保する。加熱温度が高くなるなど、より過酷な加熱の場合、望ましくは40〜80g/m2の範囲で性能良好となる。
【0034】
通常、溶融亜鉛めっき浴には、Alが含有されており、本発明の場合にも、めっき皮膜中Al含有量は0.08〜0.4 %の範囲であれば良い。さらに望ましくは0.08〜0.3 %である。めっき皮膜中のFe含有量を高くするにはAl濃度が低いほうがよい。
【0035】
保温条件
保温に要する加熱方法は、炉加熱、直接通電、誘導加熱、高周波加熱、直火加熱等が挙げられるが本発明で規定する所定の加熱パターンを実現できるものであればよい。
【0036】
昇温速度は5〜200 ℃/secの範囲が望ましい。あまり昇温速度が低いと生産性が低く、一方、200 ℃/sec超では通電加熱等の加熱設備が大がかりとなりコスト高となる。
【0037】
加熱期間中の最高到達温度は、焼き入れ硬化させるためには相変態点温度より高温に加熱して相変態点温度より高温でプレス金型により急冷する必要があることを考慮して決めればよい。
【0038】
ここに、本発明によれば、熱間プレス加工に先立って昇温、保持、均熱を行う場合、そのような加熱期間中に一時的にAc3 変態点を超えて加熱しても400 ℃以上Ac3 変態点以下の温度範囲で5〜1000sec 間保持するが、その作用効果は、Feの拡散を十分なものとし、例えば亜鉛系めっき鋼材の場合、溶融亜鉛めっき (GI) 鋼材から合金化溶融亜鉛めっき (GA) 鋼材へ変化させ最終的に鉄と亜鉛の固溶相を形成させることにある。この固溶相は、プレス加工後の製品品質を決定する重要な役割がある。すなわち、固溶相が形成されないと、プレス加工時、例えば成型時にめっき被膜の剥離が生じ、プレス後の外観を劣化させる。
【0039】
上記のように加熱期間中の最高加熱温度は特に制限されないが、その加熱期間中の中間的な保温で、400 ℃以上Ac3 変態点以下の温度範囲の保持時間が、5sec 未満の場合、十分に固溶相が形成されず、プレス加工時あるいはそれに先立つ加熱に際して亜鉛のめっき成分が蒸発し塗膜密着性や耐食性が劣る。
【0040】
また、1000sec を超えて保温されると、鉄の拡散が進みすぎめっき表面の亜鉛濃度が低下し、酸化鉄を生じるようになり、プレス後の外観を損なうのみならず、塗膜密着性や耐食性も低下する。
【0041】
鋼板の加熱/熱間プレス加工
上述のようにして用意された表層にめっき層を備えた亜鉛系めっき鋼板を次いで上述のように中間温度での保温(保持)を含めて所定の熱間プレス加工温度にまで加熱し、プレス加工 (成形) を行う。本発明の場合、熱間プレス加工 (成形) を行うことから、最終的に通常700 〜1000℃に加熱するが、素材鋼板の種類によっては、プレス成形性がかなり良好なものがあり、その場合にはもう少し低い温度に加熱するだけでよい。本発明の場合、鋼種によってはいわゆる温間プレスの加熱領域に加熱する場合も包含されるが、いわゆる難プレス成形材料に適用するときに本発明の効果が効果的に発揮されることから、通常は、上述のように700 〜1000℃に加熱する。
【0042】
このときのプレス成形に先立つ加熱温度は焼き入れ鋼であれば目標とする硬度となる焼入温度に加熱したのち一定時間保持し高温のままプレス成形を行い、その際に金型で急冷する。通常の鋼種、条件では、このときに加熱の際の最高到達温度はおよそ700 ℃から1000℃の範囲であればよい。
【0043】
また、加熱処理後のめっき層におけるFe含有量は、めっき皮膜の融点に影響するので高い方が有利である。常温のプレス成形では皮膜中Fe量が増加するとめっき皮膜の加工性が低下するのでFe含有量は高くても13%前後であった。しかし、本発明においては熱間プレス成形では常温よりも鋼板およびめっき皮膜が軟質のためFe含有量が高くても成形が可能である。Fe含有量は80%以下である。望ましくはFe含有量は5〜80%の範囲であり、さらに望ましくは10〜30%である。Fe含有量が下限未満では加熱後の酸化皮膜に不均一さが生じ、上限を超えるとZn−Fe合金化に時間がかかり生産性が低下しコストアップとなる。
【0044】
かかるFe含有量は、熱間プレス成形の際に問題となるのであって、したがって、前述のように予めプレス成形前に加熱が行われる場合には、その時の加熱条件はプレス成形直前の加熱処理を考慮した条件で行うことが好ましい。
【0045】
このようにして加熱された熱間プレス用鋼板には、本発明によれば次いで、熱間プレス成形が行われるが、このときの熱間プレス成形は特に制限はなく、通常行われているプレス成形を行えばよい。熱間プレス成形の特徴として成形と同時に焼入れを行うことから、そのような焼入れを可能とする鋼種を用いることが好ましい。もちろん、プレス型を加熱しておいて、焼き入れ温度を変化させ、プレス後の製品特性を制御してもよい。
【0046】
次に、実施例によって本発明の作用効果をさらに具体的に説明する。
【0047】
【実施例】
[実施例1]
本例では、厚さが1.0mm のAc3 変態点温度が820 ℃である表1に示す成分を有する鋼板に、表2に示す各種めっきを施した。これらの鋼板は、加熱帯、保持帯および均熱(加熱)帯の3つのゾーンを持つトンネル炉を使用し、それぞれの帯域において昇温、保温および均熱を行った。
【0048】
鋼板にはそれぞれ熱電対を取り付け温度を測定しながら加熱した。各ゾーンの炉温度を表3に示す。まず加熱帯に鋼板を挿入し、保持帯の設定温度になったとき、加熱帯から保持帯に鋼板を移動させ、所定の時間だけ所定温度に保温後、均熱帯に移動させ所定時間後取り出し、円筒絞り成形を行った。ここで表2に示す中間保温時間は、これらの加熱帯、保温帯および均熱帯で加熱または保温を行っているとき、400 ℃以上Ac3 変態点以下の温度範囲に在った合計時間を示す。
【0049】
比較例として鋼板に直接通電加熱法によって920 ℃まで急速昇温させた。昇温速度はおよそ210 ℃/secであった。これを加熱パターンDとする。
このようにして加熱しためっき鋼板に円筒絞り成形試験を行った。つまり、直径90mmの円形ブランクを、ポンチ径50mm、ポンチ肩方R5mm、ダイス径52.4mm、ダイス肩R5mmで成形を行った。
【0050】
成形高さは25mm、板押え力(BHF) は1トンF とした。成形後の表面状態の目視判定を行いプレス後外観の評価を行った。剥離なしを合格:○で表示、剥離ありを不合格:×で表示した。
【0051】
このようにして得られた熱間プレス成形品について下記要領で塗膜密着性、塗装後耐食性( 単に耐食性という) をぞれぞれ評価した。
塗膜密着性試験
本例で得た円筒絞り体から切り出した試験片に、日本パーカライジング (株) 製PBL-3080で通常の化成処理条件により燐酸亜鉛処理したのち関西ペイント製電着塗料GT-10 を電圧200Vのスロープ通電で電着塗装し、焼き付け温度150 ℃で20分焼き付け塗装した。塗膜厚みは20μm であった。
【0052】
試験片を50℃のイオン交換水に浸漬し240 時間後に取り出して、カッターナイフで1mm 幅の碁盤目状に傷を入れ、ニチバン製のポリエステルテープで剥離テストを行い、塗膜の残存マス数を比較し、塗膜密着性を評価した。なお、全マス数は100 個とした。
【0053】
評価基準は残存マス数 90〜100 個を良好:評価記号○、0 〜89個を不良:評価記号×とした。
塗装後耐食性試験
本例で得た円筒絞り体から切り出した試験片に、日本パーカライジング (株) 製PBL-3080で通常の化成処理条件により燐酸亜鉛処理を行ったのち関西ペイント製電着塗料GT-10 を電圧200Vのスロープ通電で電着塗装し、焼き付け温度150 ℃で20分焼き付け塗装した。塗膜厚みは20μm であった。
【0054】
試験片の塗膜にカッターナイフで素地に達するスクラッチ傷を入れた後、JIS Z2371 に規定された塩水噴霧試験を480 時間行った。傷部からの塗膜膨れ幅もしくは錆幅を測定し、塗装後耐食性を評価した。
【0055】
評価基準は錆幅、塗膜膨れ幅のいずれか大きい方の値で4mm未満を良好:評価記号○、4mm以上を不良: 評価記号×とした。
これらの結果は表2にまとめて示すが、本発明例の符号1〜13はいずれも良好な特性を示すが、本発明の条件から外れた符号14〜18は、プレス後外観、塗膜密着性および耐食性が不合格であった。
【0056】
【表1】
【0057】
【表2】
【0058】
【表3】
【0059】
【発明の効果】
以上説明してきたように、本発明によれば、例えば高張力鋼板およびステンレス鋼板などの難プレス成形材料の熱間プレス成形が可能となり、その際に、加熱炉の雰囲気制御設備が不要となるほか、プレス成形時の鋼板酸化物の剥離処理工程も不要となり生産工程を簡素化できる。また犠牲防食効果のある亜鉛めっき層を有するためプレス成形製品の耐食性も向上する。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a hot press working method, and more particularly to a hot press working method for parts used for manufacturing an automobile undercarriage, chassis, reinforcing parts and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, in order to reduce the weight of automobiles, efforts have been made to increase the strength of steel materials and reduce the thickness of steel materials used. However, when considering forming a steel sheet as a steel material, such as drawing, for example, when the strength of the steel sheet to be used increases, the contact pressure with the mold increases during the drawing process, causing the steel sheet to fray or break. In order to reduce such problems as much as possible, there is a problem that the shape after forming varies when the blank pressing pressure is lowered in order to increase the flow of the material into the mold during drawing of the steel sheet.
[0003]
In addition, shape stability, so-called spring back, also occurs. For example, there are measures for improvement by using a lubricant, but the effect is small in a high-strength steel plate of 780 MPa class or higher.
[0004]
As described above, there are many problems in the press forming of high-strength steel as a difficult-to-process material. Hereinafter, this type of material is referred to as “difficult press molding material”.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, as a technique for press-molding such a difficult press-molding material, a method of pre-heating and molding the material to be molded can be considered. These are so-called hot press forming and warm press forming. Hereinafter, it is simply referred to as hot press molding.
[0006]
However, since hot press forming is a forming method for processing a heated steel sheet, surface oxidation is inevitable, and even if the steel sheet is heated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, it is removed from the heating furnace for press forming, for example. When exposed to the atmosphere, iron oxide is formed on the surface. There is a problem that this iron oxide falls off during pressing and adheres to the mold to reduce the productivity, or such an oxide film remains on the product after pressing, resulting in a poor appearance. Moreover, if such an oxide film remains, the coating film adhesion to the steel sheet is inferior in the case of coating in the next step. Also, if the scale remains, even if it is applied in the next step, the coating film adhesion is inferior due to the poor adhesion between the scale and the steel plate.
[0007]
Therefore, after hot press forming, it is necessary to perform shot blasting to remove the iron oxide layer constituting such a scale.
[0008]
Further, in order not to form such a scale at the time of heating, even if low alloy steel or stainless steel is used, the generation of scale cannot be prevented completely, and the cost is significantly increased compared to ordinary steel.
[0009]
In order to solve such problems, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-38640 proposes a steel sheet coated with aluminum in order to provide the oxidation resistance of the base steel sheet during hot forming. Compared with ordinary steel, the cost will increase significantly.
[0010]
Although it is theoretically effective to make both the atmosphere during heating and the atmosphere of the entire pressing process as a countermeasure against the problem of surface oxidation during hot press forming, it is theoretically effective, but the cost is greatly increased in terms of equipment. .
[0011]
Under such circumstances, many proposals have been made for hot pressing even today, but the present situation is that the practical stage has not yet been reached.
Here, an overview of the current technology proposed as a patent application is as follows.
[0012]
For example, as an advantage of hot pressing, heat treatment can be performed together with press molding, and it is proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-116900 to perform surface treatment at the same time. Of course, such a technique also has the problem of surface oxidation as described above, but it is difficult to uniformly apply a surface treatment agent such as a rust preventive to a complex-shaped mold, and as such It is also difficult to uniformly transfer the surface treatment agent previously applied to the product during press molding. Of course, it is obvious that the rust prevention treatment such as the plating treatment is individually performed as the treatment after the press molding, but such a method is low in productivity and obviously increases the cost.
[0013]
In order to form a high-strength steel sheet in this way, there is a method of hot press forming, but the process of removing the generated iron oxide is necessary, even if the iron oxide is removed, The current situation is inferior in rust prevention.
[0014]
From the standpoint of improving rust prevention or corrosion resistance, as proposed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-240414, for example, in automobile parts such as impact bars in doors, moisture of corrosive factors that have entered the doors. May corrode unpainted parts of hardened steel pipes, so there are cases where the corrosion resistance is improved by adding elements such as Cr and Mo to the steel components of such hardened steel pipes. . However, in such measures, not only the addition of Cr and Mo increases the cost, but in the case of a material for press forming, there is a problem of deterioration of press formability due to the addition of these alloy components.
[0015]
Here, the subject of this invention is providing the hot press processing method excellent in practicality.
More specifically, an object of the present invention is to provide a hot pressing method in which the corrosion resistance and coating adhesion of a pressed product are improved without causing deterioration of the surface properties.
[0016]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Here, the present inventors diligently studied the means for solving such problems from various angles, and as a result of various investigations regarding the heating operation in hot pressing using plated steel, the hot pressing temperature was set. It has been found that it is effective to improve the corrosion resistance and press workability by further maintaining the intermediate temperature and further interdiffusion of Fe and plating layer.
[0017]
That is, hot pressing means heating at a temperature of 700 to 1000 ° C., and this temperature is higher than the melting point of the zinc-based plating metal, and when heated to such a high temperature, It was predicted that the layer would melt and flow away from the surface, or would not remain after melting and evaporation, or even if it remained, the surface properties would be significantly inferior.
[0018]
Thus, instead of heating the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet as it is, the hot-dip galvanized (GI) steel sheet is alloyed hot-dip galvanized (GA) steel sheet to promote the diffusion of Fe / Zn. Knew that it was possible to avoid the above-mentioned problems and to further improve the corrosion resistance, and developed a method for hot-pressing high-tensile steel, which is a difficult-to-work material.
[0019]
Here, in the present invention, by further improving the heating operation at that time, the post-press appearance, corrosion resistance and paint adhesion of the finally obtained material are further improved.
[0020]
The present invention completed based on such knowledge is as follows.
(1) Prior to hot pressing of the plated steel material, it is held for 5 to 1000 seconds at a temperature of 400 ° C. or higher and below the Ac 3 transformation point , and further a solid solution phase of iron and zinc is formed on the surface of the steel material during hot pressing. A hot press working method characterized by forming .
[0021]
(2) the performing hot pressing after the hold at a temperature of 700 to 1000 ° C. (1) hot pressing method described.
(3) The hot press working method according to the above (1) or (2), wherein the plated steel material is a zinc-based plated steel material.
[0022]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, the reason why the present invention is limited as described above will be described in detail. In this specification, “%” defining the steel composition and the plating composition is “mass%”.
[0023]
According to the present invention, by heating the hot dip galvanized steel sheet in an oxidizing atmosphere, even if the galvanized steel sheet is subsequently heated to, for example, 900 ° C. or higher, evaporation of the surface zinc galvanized layer is prevented. Press can be performed. In addition, since the zinc-based plating film is provided after the press molding, it already has excellent corrosion resistance and can exhibit an excellent effect of not requiring rust prevention treatment as a post-treatment.
[0024]
Base steel material The base steel material for hot pressing according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the plating wettability during hot dip galvanizing and the plating adhesion after plating are good. As a practical matter, a hardened steel which is rapidly cooled after hot forming to have high strength and high hardness, such as a high-tensile steel plate, is particularly preferable.
[0025]
For example, even steel types with problems in plating wettability and plating adhesion, such as Si-containing steel and stainless steel, can be used in the present invention by improving plating adhesion using a plating adhesion improvement technique such as pre-plating treatment. Can do.
[0026]
Since the strength of steel after quenching depends mainly on the carbon (C) content, if a high-strength molded product is required, the C content is preferably 0.1% or more and 3.0% or less. If the upper limit is exceeded at this time, the toughness may decrease.
[0027]
In particular, in the case of the present invention, high-strength steel sheets that are difficult to press-form materials that are said to be difficult to press-form, steel sheets for mechanical structures to which Si, Mn, Ni, Cr, Mo, V, etc. are added, high-hardness steel sheets, etc. It has great practical significance.
[0028]
The form of the press-molding base material as a raw material is generally a plate material, but since there are bending, draw molding, overhang molding, hole expansion molding, flange molding, etc. as hot press forms targeted by the present invention, In that case, you may use a rod, a wire, a pipe, etc. as a raw material.
[0029]
Zinc-based plating layer In the case of the zinc-based plated steel sheet according to the present invention, as a specific plating operation, the steel sheet is immersed in a molten zinc and zinc alloy plating bath and pulled up. The plating adhesion amount is controlled by adjusting the pulling speed and the flow rate of the wiping gas blown from the nozzle. The alloying process is performed by additionally heating in a gas furnace or an induction heating furnace after the plating process. The plating operation may be performed by either continuous coil plating or single plate plating.
[0030]
Of course, as long as a plating layer having a predetermined thickness can be obtained, the plating layer may be provided by any other method such as electroplating, thermal spray plating, and vapor deposition plating.
There is no particular limitation on the composition of the zinc-based plating layer, and even in the case of a pure zinc plating layer, an appropriate amount of alloy elements such as Al, Mn, Ni, Cr, Co, Mg, Sn, and Pb is added depending on the purpose. It may be a zinc alloy plating layer. Some of Be, B, Si, P, S, Ti, V, W, Mo, Sb, Cd, Nb, Cu, Sr, etc. that may be inevitably mixed in from other raw materials. There is also.
[0031]
However, a pure galvanized layer or an alloyed galvanized layer is desirable at a lower cost.
Examples of the zinc alloy plating include the following systems.
[0032]
Examples thereof include zinc-iron alloy plating, zinc-cobalt alloy plating, zinc-chromium alloy plating, zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy plating, and zinc-manganese alloy plating.
[0033]
The amount of plating is 90g / m 2 or less per side. If it exceeds 90 g / m 2 , the formation of the zinc oxide layer becomes non-uniform and there is a problem in appearance. The lower limit is not particularly limited, but if it is too thin, it may not be possible to ensure the required corrosion resistance after press forming, or it may not be possible to form the zinc oxide layer necessary to suppress oxidation of the steel sheet during heating, Is about 20 g / m 2 or more, preferably 30 g / m 2 or more. In the case of more severe heating such as a higher heating temperature, the performance is desirably good in the range of 40 to 80 g / m 2 .
[0034]
Usually, the hot dip galvanizing bath contains Al, and in the present invention, the Al content in the plating film may be in the range of 0.08 to 0.4%. More desirably, it is 0.08 to 0.3%. In order to increase the Fe content in the plating film, a lower Al concentration is better.
[0035]
Insulation condition The heating method required for the insulation includes furnace heating, direct energization, induction heating, high frequency heating, direct fire heating, etc., as long as the predetermined heating pattern defined in the present invention can be realized. .
[0036]
The temperature raising rate is desirably in the range of 5 to 200 ° C./sec. If the rate of temperature rise is too low, the productivity is low. On the other hand, if it exceeds 200 ° C / sec, heating equipment such as energization heating becomes large and the cost is high.
[0037]
The maximum temperature reached during the heating period may be determined considering that it is necessary to heat to a temperature higher than the phase transformation point temperature and quench with a press die at a temperature higher than the phase transformation point temperature in order to perform quench hardening. .
[0038]
Here, according to the present invention, when the temperature is raised, held, and soaked prior to hot press processing, even when the ac 3 transformation point is temporarily heated during such a heating period, the temperature is 400 ° C. This is maintained for 5 to 1000 seconds in the temperature range below the Ac 3 transformation point, but its effect is sufficient to diffuse Fe. For example, in the case of galvanized steel, it is alloyed from hot dip galvanized (GI) steel. Hot dip galvanization (GA) It is to change to steel material and finally form a solid solution phase of iron and zinc. This solid solution phase has an important role in determining the product quality after press working. That is, if a solid solution phase is not formed, peeling of the plating film occurs during pressing, for example, during molding, and the appearance after pressing deteriorates.
[0039]
As mentioned above, the maximum heating temperature during the heating period is not particularly limited, but it is sufficient if the holding temperature in the temperature range between 400 ° C and below the Ac 3 transformation point is less than 5 sec. Thus, a solid solution phase is not formed, and the zinc plating component evaporates during press working or heating prior to it, resulting in poor coating film adhesion and corrosion resistance.
[0040]
In addition, if the temperature is kept for more than 1000 seconds, the diffusion of iron proceeds too much and the zinc concentration on the plating surface decreases and iron oxide is generated, which not only impairs the appearance after pressing, but also improves the adhesion and corrosion resistance of the coating film. Also decreases.
[0041]
Heating / hot pressing of the steel sheet The zinc-based plated steel sheet provided with the plating layer on the surface layer prepared as described above is then subjected to a predetermined process including heat retention (holding) at an intermediate temperature as described above. Heat to the hot pressing temperature and press (mold). In the case of the present invention, since it is hot-pressed (formed), it is finally heated usually to 700 to 1000 ° C., but depending on the type of the steel plate, there is a material with considerably good press formability. It is only necessary to heat to a slightly lower temperature. In the case of the present invention, depending on the steel type, the case of heating to a heating region of a so-called warm press is included, but since the effect of the present invention is effectively exhibited when applied to a so-called difficult press molding material, Is heated to 700-1000 ° C. as described above.
[0042]
In this case, if the heating temperature prior to press forming is quenched steel, the steel is heated to a quenching temperature at which the target hardness is obtained, then held for a certain period of time, and press forming is performed at a high temperature, and at that time, the mold is rapidly cooled. Under normal steel types and conditions, the maximum temperature achieved during heating may be in the range of about 700 ° C to 1000 ° C.
[0043]
Moreover, since the Fe content in the plating layer after the heat treatment affects the melting point of the plating film, a higher one is advantageous. In press molding at room temperature, if the Fe content in the film increases, the workability of the plating film decreases, so the Fe content is around 13% at the highest. However, in the present invention, in hot press forming, since the steel sheet and the plating film are softer than normal temperature, forming is possible even if the Fe content is high. Fe content is 80% or less. Desirably, the Fe content is in the range of 5 to 80%, and more desirably 10 to 30%. If the Fe content is less than the lower limit, non-uniformity occurs in the oxide film after heating, and if it exceeds the upper limit, Zn-Fe alloying takes time, resulting in decreased productivity and increased costs.
[0044]
Such Fe content is a problem during hot press forming. Therefore, when heating is performed in advance before press forming as described above, the heating condition at that time is the heat treatment immediately before press forming. It is preferable to carry out under conditions that take into account.
[0045]
The hot-pressed steel sheet thus heated is then subjected to hot press forming according to the present invention, and the hot press forming at this time is not particularly limited, and is normally performed. Molding may be performed. As a feature of hot press forming, quenching is performed at the same time as forming. Therefore, it is preferable to use a steel type that enables such quenching. Of course, it is also possible to control the product characteristics after pressing by heating the press mold and changing the quenching temperature.
[0046]
Next, the effects of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
[0047]
【Example】
[Example 1]
In this example, various platings shown in Table 2 were applied to a steel sheet having a thickness shown in Table 1 having a thickness of 1.0 mm and an Ac 3 transformation point temperature of 820 ° C. For these steel plates, tunnel furnaces having three zones of a heating zone, a holding zone, and a soaking zone (heating) zone were used, and the temperature, temperature keeping and soaking were performed in each zone.
[0048]
Each steel plate was heated while attaching a thermocouple and measuring the temperature. Table 3 shows the furnace temperature in each zone. First, the steel plate is inserted into the heating zone, and when the set temperature of the holding zone is reached, the steel plate is moved from the heating zone to the holding zone, kept at the predetermined temperature for a predetermined time, moved to the soaking zone, and taken out after the predetermined time, Cylindrical drawing was performed. Here, the intermediate heat retention time shown in Table 2 indicates the total time in the temperature range of 400 ° C. or higher and the Ac 3 transformation point or lower when heating or keeping warm in these heating zones, warm zones and soaking zones. .
[0049]
As a comparative example, the steel sheet was rapidly heated to 920 ° C. by direct current heating. The heating rate was about 210 ° C./sec. This is referred to as a heating pattern D.
A cylindrical drawing test was performed on the plated steel sheet thus heated. That is, a circular blank having a diameter of 90 mm was molded with a punch diameter of 50 mm, a punch shoulder direction R5 mm, a die diameter 52.4 mm, and a die shoulder R5 mm.
[0050]
The molding height was 25 mm and the plate pressing force (BHF) was 1 ton F. Visual evaluation of the surface state after molding was performed and the appearance after pressing was evaluated. No peeling was indicated by pass: ○, and no peeling was indicated by ×.
[0051]
The hot press-formed product thus obtained was evaluated for coating film adhesion and post-coating corrosion resistance (simply referred to as corrosion resistance) in the following manner.
Coating adhesion test <br/> The test piece cut out from the cylindrical diaphragm obtained in this example was treated with zinc phosphate under normal chemical treatment conditions using PBL-3080 manufactured by Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd. The paint GT-10 was electrodeposited by applying a slope of 200V and baked for 20 minutes at a baking temperature of 150 ° C. The coating thickness was 20 μm.
[0052]
The test piece is immersed in ion-exchanged water at 50 ° C and taken out after 240 hours.The test piece is scratched in a grid pattern with a width of 1 mm with a cutter knife, and a peel test is performed with a Nichiban polyester tape. The coating film adhesion was evaluated by comparison. The total number of cells was 100.
[0053]
The evaluation criteria were 90 to 100 remaining masses as good: evaluation symbol ○, and 0 to 89 as bad: evaluation symbol x.
Corrosion resistance test after painting The test piece cut out from the cylindrical drawn body obtained in this example was treated with zinc phosphate under normal chemical treatment conditions using PBL-3080 manufactured by Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd. The coating material GT-10 was electrodeposited by applying a slope voltage of 200V and baked for 20 minutes at a baking temperature of 150 ° C. The coating thickness was 20 μm.
[0054]
After scratching the coating film of the test piece reaching the substrate with a cutter knife, the salt spray test specified in JIS Z2371 was conducted for 480 hours. The film swelling width or rust width from the scratch was measured, and the corrosion resistance after coating was evaluated.
[0055]
The evaluation standard is the larger value of either the rust width or the coating film swelling width, with less than 4 mm being good: evaluation symbol ○, 4 mm or more being bad: evaluation symbol x.
These results are summarized in Table 2. Although the reference numerals 1 to 13 in the examples of the present invention all exhibit good characteristics, the reference numerals 14 to 18 that deviate from the conditions of the present invention indicate the appearance after press and the coating film adhesion. And corrosion resistance were unacceptable.
[0056]
[Table 1]
[0057]
[Table 2]
[0058]
[Table 3]
[0059]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, hot press forming of difficult-to-press molding materials such as high-tensile steel plates and stainless steel plates is possible, and in that case, atmosphere control equipment for the heating furnace becomes unnecessary. Also, the steel plate oxide peeling process during press forming is not required, and the production process can be simplified. Moreover, since it has a galvanized layer having a sacrificial anticorrosive effect, the corrosion resistance of the press-formed product is also improved.
Claims (3)
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| JP4072129B2 (en) * | 2004-02-24 | 2008-04-09 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Hot pressed steel with zinc-based plating |
| JP4671634B2 (en) | 2004-07-09 | 2011-04-20 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | High-strength quenched molded body with excellent corrosion resistance and method for producing the same |
| JP4500124B2 (en) * | 2004-07-23 | 2010-07-14 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Manufacturing method of hot-pressed plated steel sheet |
| JP2006068797A (en) * | 2004-09-06 | 2006-03-16 | Nippon Steel Corp | Hot press forming method of high strength steel sheet with excellent hydrogen embrittlement resistance |
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| JP4825882B2 (en) | 2009-02-03 | 2011-11-30 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | High-strength quenched molded body and method for producing the same |
| EP2520693B1 (en) * | 2009-12-28 | 2017-01-25 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Method for manufacturing a hot press-molded member |
| KR101171450B1 (en) * | 2009-12-29 | 2012-08-06 | 주식회사 포스코 | Method for hot press forming of coated steel and hot press formed prodicts using the same |
| WO2011081236A1 (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2011-07-07 | 현대제철 주식회사 | Quenched steel sheet having excellent hot press formability, and method for manufacturing same |
| WO2013161831A1 (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2013-10-31 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Method for producing galvanized steel sheet for hot stamping, alloyed hot-dipped galvanized steel sheet for hot stamping and method for producing same, and hot stamped component |
| CN104936716B (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2016-09-07 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | The manufacture method of hot forming steel beam column |
| KR20160007648A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2016-01-20 | 에이케이 스틸 프로퍼티즈 인코포레이티드 | Zinc-coated steel for press hardening application and method of production |
| KR20170075046A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-07-03 | 주식회사 포스코 | Hot pressed part having excellent corrosion resistance and method for manufacturing same |
| JP2023162459A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2023-11-09 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | Heating apparatus |
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2001
- 2001-10-23 JP JP2001324570A patent/JP3758549B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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