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JP3761438B2 - Method for producing expanded graphite - Google Patents
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JP3761438B2 - Method for producing expanded graphite - Google Patents

Method for producing expanded graphite Download PDF

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JP3761438B2
JP3761438B2 JP2001306283A JP2001306283A JP3761438B2 JP 3761438 B2 JP3761438 B2 JP 3761438B2 JP 2001306283 A JP2001306283 A JP 2001306283A JP 2001306283 A JP2001306283 A JP 2001306283A JP 3761438 B2 JP3761438 B2 JP 3761438B2
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graphite
gas
expanded graphite
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sulfuric acid
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JP2003002623A (en
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ヤン ベ クォン
ボム ジェ リ
ソン ス リン
ユン スク リ
オゥ ユン クォン
サン ウォン チェ
スン ウォン キム
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コリア インスティチュート オブ マシーナリー アンド マテリアルズ
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/20Graphite
    • C01B32/21After-treatment
    • C01B32/22Intercalation
    • C01B32/225Expansion; Exfoliation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/102Carbon
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
  • Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は膨脹黒鉛の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
黒鉛は炭素原子から構成される六角形構造が層をなす独特の層状結晶構造である。このような黒鉛を適切な酸化剤で処理すれば、黒鉛層間にHSO4 -、NO3 -のような化学種が導入されて層間化合物が作られる。このような層間化合物が形成された黒鉛を早く加熱したりマイクロ波を照射すれば、層間に結合された化学種がガス化されてその圧力により黒鉛が数百倍ないし数千倍に膨脹される。これと共に層間に挿入可能な化学種を黒鉛の層状結晶構造間に挿入させた後にこれを熱処理またはマイクロ波で処理することによって黒鉛を膨脹させる。このように膨脹された黒鉛は0.003ないし0.02g/cm3の密度を有する。膨脹された黒鉛のc軸は一般黒鉛のc軸より20ないし400倍程度拡張される。
【0003】
従来の膨脹黒鉛の製造方法は次の通りである。天然及び熱分解黒鉛を、硫酸と硝酸、硫酸と過マンガン酸カルシウム、硫酸と過酸化水素、又は、硫酸と過塩素酸などの硫酸と酸化剤の混合物で酸化処理し、水で洗浄し、乾燥後、急激に加熱することによって膨脹黒鉛が製造される。
【0004】
例えば、日本国特開昭59−35078号に記載された膨脹黒鉛成形体の製造方法では50%硫酸と60%過塩素酸を重量比で100:5で混ぜた混合酸に沈積させた黒鉛を1000℃で熱処理することで膨脹黒鉛が製造される。また日本国特開昭61−72605号にはナトリウムとテトラハイドロフランを利用して膨脹黒鉛を製造する方法が記載されている。これ以外にも日本国特開昭62−170332号、特開昭63−139081号、特開平3−86538号及び特開平4−21509号には、硫酸と過酸化水素、硫酸と硝酸及びほう酸、濃硫酸と濃硝酸などの混酸を酸化剤として使用してガスケット用素材、セメントとモルタルの複合材料、膨脹黒鉛シート等として使用可能な膨脹黒鉛を製造する方法が記載されている。
【0005】
また、日本国特開平7−136501号、特開平8−143856号及び米国特許第5,149,518号には、硫酸を基本にした混合酸を酸化剤として使用して膨脹黒鉛シート、類似吸着剤及び無機質繊維複合材料として使用可能な膨脹黒鉛を製造する方法が開示されている。
【0006】
米国特許第5,503,717号には液中で電気化学的にZnC12が黒鉛層間に入り込ませた後、これを熱処理する方法で膨脹黒鉛を製造する方法が開示されている。
【0007】
しかしながら、硫酸を基本とする混合酸が酸化剤として使用する従来の方法では、黒鉛粒子は黒鉛の1.5倍以上の多量の濃い混合酸原液内に長時間にわたり直接含沈される。そのため、酸の消耗量及び廃酸量が非常に多いという問題がある。また、多量の廃酸が発生するだけでなく、このような廃酸は単一酸でないため、廃酸の処理は難しい。従って、従来の膨脹黒鉛製造方法は商業化され難かった。また製造過程中に莫大なSO3及びSO2ガスが発生し、これらが環境汚染の原因になる。また、膨脹黒鉛に残留する硫黄は膨脹黒鉛がパッキング、ガスケットシート等で使われる場合にこれに接触する金属を腐食させる原因にもなる。
【0008】
一方、アルカリ金属とハイドロフランを利用した膨脹黒鉛の製造方法とZnCl2を利用した電気化学的な膨脹黒鉛の製造方法にはこのような問題点はないが、比較的高価なアルカリ金属が必要であり、また、2000ないし5000A/m2の電流密度を有する電流が必要であるため、膨脹黒鉛の製造コストが上昇されるという問題点がある。
【0009】
前記した問題点を解決するために本願発明者らは大韓民国特許第65389号として発煙硫酸を利用した特許を開示している。この方法によれば、発煙硫酸を加熱して発生させたSO3ガスを黒鉛層間に挿入させて、酸化された層間黒鉛を製造し、これを熱処理して膨脹黒鉛が製造される。ここで、SO3ガスと黒鉛との層間挿入反応は既存の硫酸と酸化剤の混合物に黒鉛を沈漬させる液状反応と比較する時、化学的メカニズムで根本的な差異点がある。ガス状のSO3分子は強い酸化力を有するが、硫酸中のSO3分子は既に水分子から充分の電子をとったために酸化力が大きく弱まった状態である。
【0010】
したがって硫酸自体に黒鉛を反応させても層間化合物が得られない。これは硫酸中ではH+と、HSO3 -あるいはSO4 2-に解離されたイオン種が存在するために、このようなイオン種は親核体として作用して黒鉛層内の二重結合のπ電子を攻撃できないためである。したがって、強い酸化剤を硫酸に添加することで黒鉛層内の二重結合炭素がプラス荷電で酸化されるようにした後、HSO3 -、あるいはSO4 2-陰イオンが層内に層間挿入されるように誘導して層間挿入化合物が製造される。反面、SO3ガスを黒鉛と直接反応させれば、SO3ガスが有する強い酸化力により黒鉛層内の二重結合のπ電子と直接反応して容易に黒鉛層問化合物が生成される。この方法によれば気状のSO3を使用することに起因する従来のような液状の混酸廃棄物は発生しない。またSO3ガスは発煙硫酸製造工程で還元することで大気汚染物質であるSO3ガスの大気排出が防止される。
【0011】
しかし、SO3ガスの濃度は黒鉛層間化合物の生成に大きい影響を与える。従来方法における発煙硫酸の加熱工程では、濃い濃度のSO3ガス発生が難しいために、黒鉛層間化合物を得るのに要する反応時間が長くなって生産性が落ちるという問題がある。
【0012】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明の目的は、安価で効率の良い膨脹黒鉛の製造方法を提供することである。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記した目的を達成するために本発明では、発煙硫酸の製造工程で使用されるSO ガスの流路の途中に接続された反応器に前記SO ガスの一部を導入し、前記反応器において前記SOガスを黒鉛と接触させて黒鉛を酸化させる段階と、酸化された黒鉛を洗浄する段階と、洗浄された黒鉛を膨脹させる段階とを含む膨脹黒鉛の製造方法を提供する。
特に、前記SOガスの濃度は2〜100%の範囲のものが望ましく、前記洗浄段階が水、苛性ソーダ液のいずれか一つを使用して遂行することが望ましい。
【0014】
前記した本発明の他の目的は、発煙硫酸の製造工程で使用されるSO ガスの流路の途中に接続された反応器に前記SO ガスの一部を導入し、前記反応器において、前記SOガスを凝縮させて製造された無水硫酸に黒鉛を沈漬させて黒鉛を酸化させる段階と、酸化された黒鉛を洗浄する段階と、洗浄された黒鉛を膨脹させる段階とを含む膨脹黒鉛の製造方法によっても達成される。
【0015】
本発明ではまた前記した方法によって製造された膨脹黒鉛を油類吸着剤、揮発性有機物(VOCs)吸着剤、ガスケット、パッキングシート、または保温材、断熱材として利用する方法を提供する。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の一実施形態を詳細に説明する。まず、発煙硫酸製造工程では、硫黄を酸化させてSO2ガスを製造し、そのSO2ガスを再酸化させてSO3ガスを製造する。そのSO3ガスを硫酸に飽和させて発煙硫酸が製造される。本発明では、このような発煙硫酸製造工程で発生されたSO3ガスを、片状黒鉛と直接接触させて層間黒鉛を製造する。未反応SO3ガスは発煙硫酸製造工程に送って再利用される。これにより気状の大気汚染物質の発生が低減され、従来方法で必要であった発煙硫酸の加熱によりSO3ガスを発生させる工程が不要となり、エネルギー費用が低減される。
【0017】
本発明による膨脹黒鉛の製造方法では加熱工程が不要なため、膨脹黒鉛の製造単価が減少されるのに加え、廃酸の量が低減されるので、環境汚染が低減される。また、膨脹黒鉛内の残留硫黄の濃度が大きく減少されるので、吸着剤、ガスケット、パッキングシート、保温材、断熱材等として好ましい膨脹黒鉛が製造される。
【0018】
詳しくは、硫黄を酸化させて作られるSO3ガスを片状黒鉛粒子と接触させて黒鉛層内にSO3分子を導入させて層間化合物を製造する。このように製造された層問化合物をマイクロ波処理または熱処理して膨脹させる。
【0019】
本発明の製造方法によれば硫黄の酸化で得られたSO3ガスが酸化剤として使用される。酸化された黒鉛にマイクロ波を照射したり熱処理する方法で膨脹黒鉛が製造される。また、未反応SO3ガスを再び発煙硫酸製造工程に利用することができる。従って、大気汚染物質の発生は最小化され、経済的で、環境親和的な製造方法である。
【0020】
本発明の方法では、片状黒鉛を入れた反応器を、発煙硫酸製造工程で硫黄を酸化させて製造したSO3ガスを硫酸に接触させるための配管の途中に連結することで、そのSO3ガスを反応器内で黒鉛と接触させて黒鉛を酸化させる。また、未反応SO3ガスは発煙硫酸の製造に活用するようにしたものである。黒鉛と接触されるSO3ガスの濃度は100%または7〜8%であるのが好ましい。100%SO3ガスである場合には10分以上、7〜8%である場合には1時間以上接触させて黒鉛を酸化させるのが好ましい。
【0021】
一方、硫黄を酸化させて製造した100%SO3ガスは配管を介して反応器内で黒鉛と接触させることによって黒鉛を酸化させるのに使用することができるが、100%SO3ガスを凝縮させて無水硫酸を製造し、これに黒鉛を沈漬させることによっても黒鉛を酸化させることができる。
【0022】
膨脹黒鉛を製造しない場合には、SO3ガスは黒鉛反応器を経ないで直接発煙硫酸の製造に供される。
酸化された黒鉛を水または苛性ソーダ液に分散させて黒鉛表面に付着した未反応SO3を除去する。SO3が水に溶解して生成される硫酸液は、硫酸製造工程または発煙硫酸製造工程に送られるのが好ましい。苛性ソーダ液を利用した時には、芒硝(Na2SO3)が製造されるので、廃棄物の発生がなくなる。
【0023】
このように黒鉛粒子表面または層内挿入された一部のSO3を除去した後、黒鉛粒子をろ過することによってSO3及びH20が層間結晶構造内に陥入された黒鉛層間化合物が製造される。製造された黒鉛層間化合物を400ないし1200℃、望ましくは600〜1200℃の温度で10秒〜30分間、望ましくは1〜30分問熱処理するか、マイクロ波を1分〜1時間、望ましくは3〜10分間照射して急激に膨脹させることによって膨脹黒鉛が製造される。この時、マイクロ波の周波数は約30ないし30000MHzであり、出力は100Wないし1000Wであるものが望ましい。
【0024】
成形された膨張黒鉛塊を製造する場合、黒鉛層間化合物を所定形状または特定のもようを有するモールドに入れてマイクロ波を照射するか、熱処理して5〜100倍程度に膨脹させる。これにより、膨脹が抑制されて膨脹粒子同士でかたまり、モールドの形状に応じた膨脹黒鉛塊が得られる。膨脹黒鉛塊は多孔性であり、油吸着剤または揮発性有機物(VOCs)吸着剤として好適な特性を有する。
【0025】
以下、本発明を具体的な実施例を通じてより詳細に説明する。しかし、本発明がこれにより制限されるものではない。
<実施例1>
片状黒鉛5kgを収容した反応器を、発煙硫酸を製造するために使用するSO3ガスを硫酸に投入する配管の途中に設置した。7%のSO3ガスを3時間にわたって反応器を通過させ、黒鉛を酸化させた。酸化された片状黒鉛を水で洗浄、ろ過することによって片状黒鉛の表面に過量で凝縮されたSO3を除去した。2450MHzの周波数及び700Wの出力のマイクロ波を5分間照射して黒鉛を急激に膨脹させた。このように製造した膨脹黒鉛の密度と残留硫黄の量を測定し、膨脹黒鉛の1g当たりの燈油吸着量を調べた。結果を表1に示した。
【0026】
<実施例2>
片状黒鉛5kgを収容した反応器に、硫黄を酸化させて発生させた直後の100%のSO3ガスを1時間の間通過させて黒鉛の層間をSO3で酸化させた。酸化された黒鉛を水で洗浄、ろ過することで黒鉛の表面に過量で凝縮されたSO3を除去した。2450MHzの周波数及び700Wの出カのマイクロ波を5分間照射して黒鉛を急激に膨脹させた。このように製造した膨脹黒鉛の密度と残留硫黄の量を測定し、膨脹黒鉛の1g当たり燈油吸着量を調べた。結果を表1に示した。
【0027】
<実施例3>
片状黒鉛5kgを収容した反応器に、実施例1のようにして7%のSO3ガスを3時間通過させて黒鉛の層間をSO3で酸化させた。酸化された黒鉛を水で洗浄、ろ過することで黒鉛の表面に過量で凝縮されたSO3を除去した。これを電気炉内で900℃で1分間急激に熱処理した。このように製造した膨脹黒鉛の密度と残留硫黄の量を測定し、膨脹黒鉛の1g当たり燈油吸着量を調べた。結果を表1に示した。
【0028】
<実施例4>
片状黒鉛5kgを収容した反応器に、実施例2のようにして100%のSO3ガスを1時間通過させて天然黒鉛の層間をSO3で酸化させた。酸化された黒鉛を水で洗浄、ろ過することで黒鉛の表面に過量で凝縮されたSO3を除去した。これを電気炉内で900℃で1分間急激に熱処理した。このように製造した膨脹黒鉛の密度と残留硫黄の量を測定した。
【0029】
<実施例5>
100%SO3ガスを凝縮させて製造した無水硫酸1kgに天然黒鉛1kgを入れて撹絆した。常温で1時間放置して天然黒鉛の層間に硫酸を浸潤させた。黒鉛を水で洗浄してろ過した。黒鉛を電気炉内で900℃で1分間急激に熱処理した。このように製造した膨脹黒鉛の密度と残留硫黄の量を測定し、膨脹黒鉛の1g当たり燈油吸着量及び揮発性有機化合物(ベンゼン)の吸着量を調べた。結果を表1に示した。
【0030】
<実施例6>
片状黒鉛5kgを収容した反応器に、実施例2のようにして、100%のSO3ガスを1時間通過させて天然黒鉛の層間をSO3で酸化させた。酸化された天然黒鉛を水で洗浄、ろ過することで天然黒鉛の表面に過量で凝縮されたSO3を除去した。黒鉛を円筒形モールドに入れて電気炉内で900℃で1分間急激に熱処理した。このように製造した膨脹黒鉛の密度と残留硫黄の量及び揮発性有機化合物(ベンゼン)吸着量を測定した。
【0031】
実施例1〜6の膨脹黒鉛の密度と油類吸着量は密度測定容器のピクノメーター(Pycnometer)と市販のバンカーC重油を利用して測定した。また、常温で膨脹黒鉛約1gを称量して燈油の表面に浮かべ、10分間放置した後、ろ過し、燈油吸着後の膨脹黒鉛の重さを計って膨脹黒鉛1g当たりの油類吸着量及び揮発性有機物吸着量を測定した。
【0032】
表1は実施例1ないし6で製造した膨脹黒鉛の密度と膨脹黒鉛1g当たり油類吸着量及び揮発性有機物吸着量を表す。
【0033】
【表1】

Figure 0003761438
比較のために、従来の方法の混酸を使用して膨脹黒鉛を製造した。比較例1では硫酸と硝酸の混酸を使用した。比較例2では硫酸と過酸化水素の混酸を使用した。製造された膨脹黒鉛の密度と残留硫黄の量、そして、g当たり燈油吸着量を測定し、その結果を表2に示した。
【0034】
【表2】
Figure 0003761438
以上で分かるように、本発明の実施例1ないし6では、比較例1,2に比べて酸の量は1/10〜1/100に低減され、発煙硫酸の加熱工程がなく、既存技術の最大難題である混合酸廃棄物の排出問題を根源的に解決することができる環境親和的な方法を利用しながらも従来方法で得た膨張黒鉛より優秀な物性を有する膨脹黒鉛を製造できることが分かる。特に、ガスケット、パッキングシートへの利用時に問題となる残留硫黄の量を大きく減らすことができるという長所を有している。
【0035】
これに加えて、本発明の実施例1ないし6の方法で製造した膨脹黒鉛は0.003ないし0.006g/cm3の密度を有し、必要によってモールドを利用して膨脹を抑制することで密度を調節すると同時に膨脹黒鉛塊を作ることができ、油類吸着剤及び揮発性有機化合物吸着剤として容易に使用することができる。残留硫黄の量が従来技術で製造された膨脹黒鉛に比べて約1/4〜1/10程度で減少された。また、膨脹黒鉛1g当たり60〜70gのバンカーC重油を吸着する特性を有しており、油類吸着剤として好適に使われる膨脹黒鉛が得られた。また、膨脹黒鉛は揮発性有機化合物(VOCs)に対しても優れた吸着特性を有することがわかった。詳しくは、従来の活性炭は、揮発性有機化合物を活性炭自重の20−50%吸着するが、本発明の膨脹黒鉛は自重の最大130倍まで吸着することができ、画期的な吸着特性を有することがわかった。
【0036】
一方、マイクロ波処理による膨脹で膨脹黒鉛内に残留する硫黄の濃度が大きく低減されたので、膨脹黒鉛から製造されたVOCs吸着剤、ガスケット、パッキングシート、ノズル、複合材料などが金属を腐食する問題は大きく抑制される。
【0037】
【発明の効果】
以上のように本発明によれば、天然黒鉛の酸化に使われた余分なSO3ガスを発煙硫酸製造工程に送ることで、気状の大気汚染物質の発生が根源的に低減される。発煙硫酸を加熱してSO3ガスを発生させる必要がないために、エネルギー費用が低減される。
【0038】
また、従来技術で最大難題である多量の混合酸処理間題を根源的に解決でき、経済的で、かつ環境親和的な方法が提供される。本発明の方法では、0.003ないし0.02g/cm3のバルク密度を有し、1g当たり10ないし100gの油類を吸着する特性を有し、かつ、VOCsを効率的に吸着する膨脹黒鉛が製造される。
【0039】
また、多孔性の膨脹黒鉛の製造及び膨脹黒鉛塊の成形は容易でかつ効率的である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing expanded graphite.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Graphite is a unique layered crystal structure in which hexagonal structures composed of carbon atoms form a layer. When such graphite is treated with a suitable oxidizing agent, chemical species such as HSO 4 and NO 3 are introduced between the graphite layers to form an intercalation compound. When graphite with such an intercalation compound is heated quickly or irradiated with microwaves, the chemical species bonded between the layers is gasified, and the pressure expands the graphite several hundred to several thousand times by the pressure. . At the same time, a chemical species that can be inserted between the layers is inserted between the layered crystal structures of the graphite, and the graphite is expanded by heat treatment or microwave treatment. Graphite expanded in this way has a density of 0.003 to 0.02 g / cm 3 . The c-axis of expanded graphite is expanded about 20 to 400 times that of general graphite.
[0003]
A conventional method for producing expanded graphite is as follows. Natural and pyrolytic graphite is oxidized with sulfuric acid and nitric acid, sulfuric acid and calcium permanganate, sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, or a mixture of sulfuric acid and oxidizing agent such as sulfuric acid and perchloric acid, washed with water and dried Thereafter, expanded graphite is produced by rapid heating.
[0004]
For example, in the method for producing an expanded graphite molded body described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-35078, graphite deposited in a mixed acid obtained by mixing 50% sulfuric acid and 60% perchloric acid at a weight ratio of 100: 5 is used. Expanded graphite is produced by heat treatment at 1000 ° C. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-72605 describes a method of producing expanded graphite using sodium and tetrahydrofuran. In addition, JP-A-62-170332, JP-A-63-139081, JP-A-3-86538 and JP-A-4-21509 include sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and boric acid, A method for producing expanded graphite that can be used as a gasket material, a composite material of cement and mortar, an expanded graphite sheet or the like using a mixed acid such as concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid as an oxidizing agent is described.
[0005]
In Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 7-136501, 8-143856 and US Pat. No. 5,149,518, an expanded graphite sheet using a mixed acid based on sulfuric acid as an oxidant, a similar adsorption Disclosed is a method for producing expanded graphite that can be used as an agent and an inorganic fiber composite material.
[0006]
After US patents electrochemically ZnC1 2 in No. 5,503,717 in a liquid is allowed to enter between graphite layers, a method of manufacturing the expanded graphite in a way that heat treatment of this is disclosed.
[0007]
However, in the conventional method in which a mixed acid based on sulfuric acid is used as an oxidizing agent, graphite particles are directly precipitated for a long time in a large amount of concentrated mixed acid stock solution 1.5 times or more of graphite. Therefore, there is a problem that the amount of acid consumed and the amount of waste acid are very large. Further, not only a large amount of waste acid is generated, but such a waste acid is not a single acid, so that it is difficult to treat the waste acid. Therefore, the conventional method for producing expanded graphite has been difficult to commercialize. Also, enormous SO 3 and SO 2 gases are generated during the manufacturing process, and these cause environmental pollution. Further, the sulfur remaining in the expanded graphite also causes the metal in contact with the expanded graphite to corrode when the expanded graphite is used in a packing, a gasket sheet or the like.
[0008]
On the other hand, the method for producing expanded graphite using alkali metal and hydrofuran and the method for producing electrochemically expanded graphite using ZnCl 2 do not have such a problem, but a relatively expensive alkali metal is required. In addition, since a current having a current density of 2000 to 5000 A / m 2 is necessary, there is a problem in that the production cost of expanded graphite is increased.
[0009]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have disclosed a patent using fuming sulfuric acid as Korean Patent No. 65389. According to this method, SO 3 gas generated by heating fuming sulfuric acid is inserted between graphite layers to produce oxidized interlayer graphite, and this is heat-treated to produce expanded graphite. Here, the intercalation reaction between SO 3 gas and graphite has a fundamental difference in chemical mechanism when compared with the existing liquid reaction in which graphite is immersed in a mixture of sulfuric acid and oxidant. Gaseous SO 3 molecules have a strong oxidizing power, but SO 3 molecules in sulfuric acid have already taken sufficient electrons from water molecules, so that the oxidizing power is greatly weakened.
[0010]
Therefore, even if graphite is reacted with sulfuric acid itself, an intercalation compound cannot be obtained. This is because, in sulfuric acid, there are ionic species dissociated into H + and HSO 3 or SO 4 2−, and such ionic species act as a nucleophilic substance to form double bonds in the graphite layer. This is because π electrons cannot be attacked. Therefore, after adding a strong oxidizer to the sulfuric acid, the double bond carbon in the graphite layer is oxidized with positive charge, and then HSO 3 or SO 4 2− anion is inserted into the layer. To produce an intercalation compound. On the other hand, if SO 3 gas is directly reacted with graphite, the strong oxidizing power of SO 3 gas reacts directly with double-bonded π electrons in the graphite layer to easily produce a graphite layer compound. According to this method, there is no generation of liquid mixed acid waste as in the prior art due to the use of gaseous SO 3 . Further, the SO 3 gas is reduced in the fuming sulfuric acid production process, so that the atmospheric emission of SO 3 gas, which is an air pollutant, is prevented.
[0011]
However, the concentration of SO 3 gas has a great influence on the formation of graphite intercalation compounds. In the process of heating fuming sulfuric acid in the conventional method, since it is difficult to generate a high concentration of SO 3 gas, there is a problem that the reaction time required for obtaining the graphite intercalation compound becomes long and the productivity is lowered.
[0012]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive and efficient method for producing expanded graphite.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, a part of the SO 3 gas is introduced into a reactor connected in the middle of a flow path of SO 3 gas used in a process for producing fuming sulfuric acid, and the reactor The method for producing expanded graphite includes the steps of contacting the SO 3 gas with graphite to oxidize the graphite, cleaning the oxidized graphite, and expanding the cleaned graphite.
In particular, the concentration of the SO 3 gas is preferably in the range of 2 to 100%, and the cleaning step is preferably performed using one of water and caustic soda solution.
[0014]
Another object of the present invention is to introduce a part of the SO 3 gas into a reactor connected in the middle of the flow path of SO 3 gas used in the process for producing fuming sulfuric acid , expansion comprising the steps of oxidizing the SO 3 gas graphite is submerged in anhydrous sulfate produced by condensing the by graphite, a step of washing the oxidized graphite, and a step of expanding the washed graphite This can also be achieved by a method for producing graphite.
[0015]
The present invention also provides a method of using expanded graphite produced by the above-described method as an oil adsorbent, a volatile organic matter (VOCs) adsorbent, a gasket, a packing sheet, or a heat insulating material and a heat insulating material.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail. First, in the fuming sulfuric acid production process, sulfur is oxidized to produce SO 2 gas, and the SO 2 gas is re-oxidized to produce SO 3 gas. The SO 3 gas is saturated with sulfuric acid to produce fuming sulfuric acid. In the present invention, the SO 3 gas generated in the fuming sulfuric acid production process is directly brought into contact with flake graphite to produce interlayer graphite. Unreacted SO 3 gas is sent to the fuming sulfuric acid production process for reuse. As a result, the generation of gaseous air pollutants is reduced, and the step of generating SO 3 gas by heating fuming sulfuric acid, which was necessary in the conventional method, is unnecessary, and the energy cost is reduced.
[0017]
Since the method for producing expanded graphite according to the present invention does not require a heating step, the production cost of expanded graphite is reduced, and the amount of waste acid is reduced, thereby reducing environmental pollution. Further, since the concentration of residual sulfur in the expanded graphite is greatly reduced, expanded graphite preferable as an adsorbent, gasket, packing sheet, heat insulating material, heat insulating material and the like is produced.
[0018]
More specifically, an SO 3 gas produced by oxidizing sulfur is brought into contact with flake graphite particles to introduce SO 3 molecules into the graphite layer to produce an intercalation compound. The layered compound thus produced is expanded by microwave treatment or heat treatment.
[0019]
According to the production method of the present invention, SO 3 gas obtained by oxidation of sulfur is used as an oxidizing agent. Expanded graphite is produced by a method in which oxidized graphite is irradiated with microwaves or heat-treated. In addition, unreacted SO 3 gas can be used again in the fuming sulfuric acid production process. Therefore, the production of air pollutants is minimized, and this is an economical and environmentally friendly manufacturing method.
[0020]
In the method of the present invention, the reactor containing flake graphite, the SO 3 gas sulfur in fuming sulfuric acid production process was prepared by oxidizing By connecting the middle of the pipe to be in contact with sulfuric acid, the SO 3 Gas is contacted with graphite in the reactor to oxidize the graphite. The unreacted SO 3 gas is used for the production of fuming sulfuric acid. The concentration of SO 3 gas in contact with the graphite is preferably 100% or 7-8%. In the case of 100% SO 3 gas, it is preferable to oxidize graphite by contact for 10 minutes or more, and in the case of 7 to 8%, contact for 1 hour or more.
[0021]
On the other hand, 100% SO 3 gas produced by oxidizing sulfur can be used to oxidize graphite by contacting it with graphite in a reactor through a pipe, but it can condense 100% SO 3 gas. Thus, it is possible to oxidize graphite by producing sulfuric anhydride and immersing graphite in this.
[0022]
When expanded graphite is not produced, SO 3 gas is directly used for producing fuming sulfuric acid without passing through a graphite reactor.
Oxidized graphite is dispersed in water or caustic soda solution to remove unreacted SO 3 adhering to the graphite surface. The sulfuric acid solution produced by dissolving SO 3 in water is preferably sent to a sulfuric acid production process or a fuming sulfuric acid production process. When caustic soda solution is used, since mirabilite (Na 2 SO 3 ) is produced, generation of waste is eliminated.
[0023]
Thus, after removing part of SO 3 inserted on the surface of the graphite particles or in the layer, the graphite particles are filtered to produce a graphite intercalation compound in which SO 3 and H 2 O are intruded into the interlayer crystal structure. Is done. The produced graphite intercalation compound is heat-treated at a temperature of 400 to 1200 ° C., preferably 600 to 1200 ° C. for 10 seconds to 30 minutes, preferably 1 to 30 minutes, or microwave is applied for 1 minute to 1 hour, preferably 3 Expanded graphite is produced by rapid expansion by irradiation for 10 minutes. At this time, the microwave frequency is preferably about 30 to 30000 MHz, and the output is preferably 100 W to 1000 W.
[0024]
When producing a shaped expanded graphite lump, the graphite intercalation compound is placed in a mold having a predetermined shape or a specific shape, and is irradiated with microwaves or heat-treated to expand about 5 to 100 times. Thereby, expansion is suppressed and the expanded particles clump together, and an expanded graphite lump according to the shape of the mold is obtained. The expanded graphite mass is porous and has properties suitable as oil adsorbents or volatile organics (VOCs) adsorbents.
[0025]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail through specific examples. However, the present invention is not limited thereby.
<Example 1>
A reactor containing 5 kg of flake graphite was installed in the middle of a pipe for introducing SO 3 gas used for producing fuming sulfuric acid into sulfuric acid. 7% SO 3 gas was passed through the reactor for 3 hours to oxidize the graphite. The oxidized flake graphite was washed with water and filtered to remove SO 3 condensed in an excessive amount on the flake graphite surface. The graphite was rapidly expanded by irradiation with microwaves having a frequency of 2450 MHz and an output of 700 W for 5 minutes. The density of the expanded graphite thus produced and the amount of residual sulfur were measured, and the amount of soot oil adsorbed per 1 g of the expanded graphite was examined. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0026]
<Example 2>
A reactor containing 5 kg of flake graphite was allowed to pass 100% SO 3 gas immediately after being generated by oxidizing sulfur for 1 hour to oxidize the graphite layer with SO 3 . The oxidized graphite was washed with water and filtered to remove SO 3 condensed excessively on the surface of the graphite. The graphite was rapidly expanded by irradiation with a microwave of 2450 MHz and 700 W output for 5 minutes. The density of the expanded graphite thus produced and the amount of residual sulfur were measured, and the amount of soot oil adsorbed per 1 g of the expanded graphite was examined. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0027]
<Example 3>
As in Example 1, 7% SO 3 gas was passed through the reactor containing 5 kg of flake graphite for 3 hours to oxidize the graphite layer with SO 3 . The oxidized graphite was washed with water and filtered to remove SO 3 condensed excessively on the surface of the graphite. This was heat-treated rapidly at 900 ° C. for 1 minute in an electric furnace. The density of the expanded graphite thus produced and the amount of residual sulfur were measured, and the amount of soot oil adsorbed per 1 g of the expanded graphite was examined. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0028]
<Example 4>
As in Example 2, 100% SO 3 gas was passed through a reactor containing 5 kg of flake graphite for 1 hour to oxidize the interlayer of natural graphite with SO 3 . The oxidized graphite was washed with water and filtered to remove SO 3 condensed excessively on the surface of the graphite. This was heat-treated rapidly at 900 ° C. for 1 minute in an electric furnace. The density of the expanded graphite thus produced and the amount of residual sulfur were measured.
[0029]
<Example 5>
1 kg of natural graphite was added to 1 kg of anhydrous sulfuric acid produced by condensing 100% SO 3 gas and stirred. It was left at room temperature for 1 hour to infiltrate sulfuric acid between the layers of natural graphite. The graphite was washed with water and filtered. Graphite was heat-treated at 900 ° C. for 1 minute in an electric furnace. The density of the expanded graphite thus produced and the amount of residual sulfur were measured, and the amount of soot oil adsorbed and the amount of volatile organic compound (benzene) adsorbed per 1 g of the expanded graphite was examined. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0030]
<Example 6>
As in Example 2, 100% SO 3 gas was passed through the reactor containing 5 kg of flake graphite for 1 hour to oxidize the interlayer of natural graphite with SO 3 . The oxidized natural graphite was washed with water and filtered to remove SO 3 condensed in an excessive amount on the surface of the natural graphite. Graphite was put in a cylindrical mold and rapidly heat-treated at 900 ° C. for 1 minute in an electric furnace. The density of the expanded graphite thus produced, the amount of residual sulfur, and the amount of volatile organic compound (benzene) adsorption were measured.
[0031]
The density and the oil adsorption amount of the expanded graphite of Examples 1 to 6 were measured using a Pycnometer of a density measuring container and a commercial bunker C heavy oil. In addition, about 1 g of expanded graphite was named at room temperature, floated on the surface of the cocoon oil, allowed to stand for 10 minutes, filtered, weighed the expanded graphite after adsorption of cocoon oil, and the amount of oil adsorbed per gram of expanded graphite and Volatile organic matter adsorption was measured.
[0032]
Table 1 shows the density of the expanded graphite produced in Examples 1 to 6 and the amount of oil adsorbed and the amount of volatile organic matter adsorbed per 1 g of expanded graphite.
[0033]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003761438
For comparison, expanded graphite was produced using a conventional mixed acid. In Comparative Example 1, a mixed acid of sulfuric acid and nitric acid was used. In Comparative Example 2, a mixed acid of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide was used. The density of the produced expanded graphite, the amount of residual sulfur, and the amount of adsorbed soot oil per g were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0034]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003761438
As can be seen from the above, in Examples 1 to 6 of the present invention, the amount of acid is reduced to 1/10 to 1/100 as compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and there is no heating process of fuming sulfuric acid. It can be seen that expanded graphite with better physical properties than the expanded graphite obtained by the conventional method can be produced while using an environmentally friendly method that can fundamentally solve the discharge problem of mixed acid waste, which is the biggest challenge. . In particular, it has the advantage that the amount of residual sulfur, which is a problem when used in gaskets and packing sheets, can be greatly reduced.
[0035]
In addition to this, the expanded graphite produced by the methods of Examples 1 to 6 of the present invention has a density of 0.003 to 0.006 g / cm 3 , and can suppress expansion by using a mold if necessary. The expanded graphite mass can be made simultaneously with adjusting the density, and it can be easily used as oil adsorbent and volatile organic compound adsorbent. The amount of residual sulfur was reduced by about 1/4 to 1/10 compared to expanded graphite produced by the prior art. Moreover, the expanded graphite which has a characteristic which adsorb | sucks 60-70g bunker C heavy oil per 1g of expanded graphite, and was used suitably as oils adsorption agent was obtained. It was also found that expanded graphite has excellent adsorption characteristics for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Specifically, conventional activated carbon adsorbs volatile organic compounds by 20-50% of its own weight, but the expanded graphite of the present invention can adsorb up to 130 times its own weight, and has innovative adsorption characteristics. I understood it.
[0036]
On the other hand, since the concentration of sulfur remaining in the expanded graphite is greatly reduced by the expansion by the microwave treatment, the VOCs adsorbent, gasket, packing sheet, nozzle, composite material, etc. produced from the expanded graphite corrode the metal. Is greatly suppressed.
[0037]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the excess SO 3 gas used for the oxidation of natural graphite is sent to the fuming sulfuric acid production process, whereby the generation of gaseous air pollutants is fundamentally reduced. Energy costs are reduced because it is not necessary to heat the fuming sulfuric acid to generate SO 3 gas.
[0038]
In addition, a large amount of mixed acid treatment problem, which is the biggest problem in the prior art, can be fundamentally solved, and an economical and environmentally friendly method is provided. In the method of the present invention, expanded graphite has a bulk density of 0.003 to 0.02 g / cm 3 , has a property of adsorbing 10 to 100 g of oil per gram, and efficiently adsorbs VOCs. Is manufactured.
[0039]
Also, the production of porous expanded graphite and the formation of expanded graphite lumps are easy and efficient.

Claims (15)

膨脹黒鉛の製造方法であって、
発煙硫酸の製造工程で使用されるSO ガスの流路の途中に接続された反応器に前記SO ガスの一部を導入し、前記反応器において前記SOガスを黒鉛と接触させて黒鉛を酸化させる段階と、
酸化された黒鉛を洗浄する段階と、
洗浄された黒鉛を膨脹させる段階とを含む膨脹黒鉛の製造方法。
A method for producing expanded graphite, comprising:
A part of the SO 3 gas is introduced into a reactor connected in the middle of a flow path of SO 3 gas used in the process for producing fuming sulfuric acid, and the SO 3 gas is brought into contact with graphite in the reactor, thereby producing graphite. Oxidizing the phase,
Washing the oxidized graphite;
Expanding the cleaned graphite. A method for producing expanded graphite.
前記SO3ガスの濃度が2〜100%の範囲のものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the SO 3 gas is in the range of 2 to 100%. 前記洗浄段階が水及び苛性ソーダ液のうちいずれか一つを使用して遂行されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。The method of claim 1, wherein the washing step is performed using one of water and caustic soda solution. 前記膨脹段階がマイクロ波の照射又は熱処理により遂行されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。The method of claim 1, wherein the expansion step is performed by microwave irradiation or heat treatment. 前記マイクロ波の照射が30〜30000MHzの範囲の周波数を有するマイクロ波を1分〜1時間の間照射して遂行されることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の製造方法。The method according to claim 4, wherein the microwave irradiation is performed by irradiating a microwave having a frequency in a range of 30 to 30000 MHz for 1 minute to 1 hour. 前記熱処理が400〜1200℃の温度範囲で10秒〜30分間遂行されることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の製造方法。The method according to claim 4, wherein the heat treatment is performed in a temperature range of 400 to 1200 ° C. for 10 seconds to 30 minutes. 前記熱処理は、酸化された黒鉛を所定形状の枠内に入れて400〜1200℃の温度範囲で10秒〜30分間遂行されることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の製造方法。5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the heat treatment is performed in a temperature range of 400 to 1200 ° C. for 10 seconds to 30 minutes by placing oxidized graphite in a frame having a predetermined shape. 膨脹黒鉛の製造方法であって、
発煙硫酸の製造工程で使用されるSO ガスの流路の途中に接続された反応器に前記SO ガスの一部を導入し、前記反応器において、前記SOガスを凝縮させて製造された無水硫酸に黒鉛を沈漬させて黒鉛を酸化させる段階と、
酸化された黒鉛を洗浄する段階と、
洗浄された黒鉛を膨脹させる段階とを含む膨脹黒鉛の製造方法。
A method for producing expanded graphite, comprising:
Wherein the reactors connected in the middle of the flow path of the SO 3 gas used in the manufacturing process of oleum to introduce a portion of the SO 3 gas in the reactor, is produced by condensing the SO 3 gas the method comprising graphite is submerged a by oxidizing graphite anhydrous sulfuric acid,
Washing the oxidized graphite;
Expanding the cleaned graphite. A method for producing expanded graphite.
前記洗浄段階が水及び苛性ソーダ液のいずれか一つを使用して遂行されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の製造方法。The method of claim 8, wherein the washing step is performed using one of water and caustic soda solution. 前記膨脹段階がマイクロ波の照射又は熱処理により遂行されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の製造方法。The method according to claim 8, wherein the expansion step is performed by microwave irradiation or heat treatment. 前記マイクロ波の照射が30〜30000MHzの範囲の周波数を有するマイクロ波を1分〜1時間照射して遂行されることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の製造方法。The method according to claim 10, wherein the microwave irradiation is performed by irradiating a microwave having a frequency in a range of 30 to 30000 MHz for 1 minute to 1 hour. 膨脹段階で酸化された黒鉛を所定形状の枠内に入れて、マイクロ波の照射または熱処理により5〜100倍熱膨張させて成形することを特徴とする請求項10に記載の製造方法。The manufacturing method according to claim 10, wherein the graphite oxidized in the expansion step is placed in a frame having a predetermined shape and thermally expanded by a factor of 5 to 100 by microwave irradiation or heat treatment. 請求項1の方法によって製造された膨脹黒鉛を油類吸着剤、揮発注有機物(VOCs)吸着剤、ガスケット、パッキングシート、保温材または断熱材の全部または一部として利用する方法。A method of using expanded graphite produced by the method of claim 1 as all or a part of an oil adsorbent, a volatile injection organic matter (VOCs) adsorbent, a gasket, a packing sheet, a heat insulating material or a heat insulating material. 請求項8の方法によって製造された膨脹黒鉛を油類吸着剤、揮発陸有機物吸着剤、ガスケット、パッキングシート、保温材または断熱材のうちいずれか一つの全部または一部として利用する方法。A method of using expanded graphite produced by the method of claim 8 as all or part of any one of oil adsorbents, volatile land organic matter adsorbents, gaskets, packing sheets, heat insulating materials or heat insulating materials. 前記黒鉛を酸化させる段階は、前記反応器に前記SO ガスを連続的に通過させることを含み、前記前記黒鉛を酸化させる段階で未反応のSOガスを前記発煙硫酸の製造工程に送って前記発煙硫酸の製造に再利用することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の膨脹黒鉛の製造方法。 The step of oxidizing the graphite includes continuously passing the SO 3 gas through the reactor, and sending unreacted SO 3 gas to the process for producing fuming sulfuric acid in the step of oxidizing the graphite. The method for producing expanded graphite according to claim 1, wherein the method is reused for producing the fuming sulfuric acid.
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