JP3764780B2 - Lightweight clay - Google Patents
Lightweight clay Download PDFInfo
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- JP3764780B2 JP3764780B2 JP17617696A JP17617696A JP3764780B2 JP 3764780 B2 JP3764780 B2 JP 3764780B2 JP 17617696 A JP17617696 A JP 17617696A JP 17617696 A JP17617696 A JP 17617696A JP 3764780 B2 JP3764780 B2 JP 3764780B2
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- clay
- lightweight clay
- lightweight
- carboxymethyl cellulose
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は学校教材用、玩具用等として使用される粘土のうち、作業性や加工性を改善した軽量粘土に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、教材用、玩具用として通常の粘土、紙粘土、小麦粘土等が知られている。さらにこれらの粘土をより軽くして、作業性や加工性等を改善したものもある。例えば、中空微小球体を主原料にし、繊維、合成糊剤、タルク粉、岩石粉を混合したものがある。しかし、タルク粉、岩石粉を用いると重たくなり、色調が暗くなるという欠点がある。
また、中空微小球体、合成粘結剤、馴合液剤等からなる配合により、軽量で色調が明るく焼却処理できる軽量粘土が提案されている(特開平2−123390号公報)。
しかしながら、従来の軽量粘土は、創作し易い物性及び乾燥後の外的圧力に対する耐性という点で、未だ十分ではなかった。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、適度な硬さと伸び易さ、及び適度なもろさといった創作し易い物性を有し、かつ乾燥後は長期間堅牢さを維持し得る、軽量粘土を提供することである。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは上記課題の解決のために鋭意検討した結果、中空微小球体、粉末パルプ、カルボキシメチルセルロース及びポリビニルアルコールを含有する軽量粘土において、カルボキシメチルセルロースとポリビニルアルコールの配合比率を重量比で10:0.5〜10:3とすることにより、創作し易い物性を有する粘土が得られ、且つ粘土成型品の乾燥後の強度を向上させることができることを見出し、本発明を完成させるに至った。
従って本発明は、中空微小球体、粉末パルプ、カルボキシメチルセルロース及びポリビニルアルコールを含有する軽量粘土であって、カルボキシメチルセルロースとポリビニルアルコールの配合比率が重量比で10:0.5〜10:3であることを特徴とする軽量粘土に関する。
また、上記の原料を加熱混合することにより得られた粘土は、べたつきが抑制されていて、創作し易い物性を有するとともに乾燥後の強度も向上することを見出した。
従って本発明は、中空微小球体、粉末パルプ、カルボキシメチルセルロース及びポリビニルアルコールを加熱混合して得られる軽量粘土に関する。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の軽量粘土に使用する中空微小球体とは、粒子中に気体を内包する軽量微小素材をいう。このような中空微小球体は一般に、その外殻が塩化ビニリデン−アクリロニトリル共重合樹脂、酢酸ビニル−アクリロニトリル共重合樹脂、メチルメタクリレート−アクリロニトリル共重合樹脂などからなり、気体を内包している。このような中空微小球体は市場で一般に入手できる。これらの粒径は一般に20〜150ミクロン、嵩比重は0.02程度であり、微小球体の形状である。
また本発明の軽量粘土に使用する粉末パルプは、当技術分野において一般的に配合される添加物として公知のものであって、市場で入手できるものである。
本発明の軽量粘土に配合するカルボキシメチルセルロース(以下、CMCという)及びポリビニルアルコール(以下、PVAという)は、当技術分野で合成糊剤として知られているものである。一般的に粉末状で、又は2〜5%程度の水溶性接着剤の形態で粘土に配合される。
CMCとPVAの配合比率を重量比で、10:0.5〜10:3とすることが好適である。より好ましくは10:1〜10:1.5である。
PVAがこの割合よりも少ないと、伸びの少ない粘土となり、乾燥後破損し易くなる。一方PVAがこの割合よりも多くなると、べたつきが激しくなり、乾燥後の収縮が著しい粘土となる。
【0006】
CMCとしては、エーテル化度が高いものが好ましく用いられる。好ましいCMCとして、エーテル化度が1.0以上で、1%水溶液での粘度が700mPa・s以上のものが挙げられる。さらに詳しくは、エーテル化度が3程度までものを使用することができる。エーテル化度が1.0未満であると、粘土がべたつく傾向がある。またCMCの粘度としては2000mPa・s程度までのものを使用することができる。粘度が700mPa・s未満であると軟らかすぎて粘土の形状を維持するのが困難となる。CMCの粘度は、温度25℃でB型粘度計により測定される。上記のようなCMCは一般に市場で入手することができる。
CMCだけの配合であると、粘土はべたつかないが、硬くてもろく、伸びがないものとなる傾向がある。また、PVAだけの配合であると、粘土が柔らかく伸びが良いが、べたつく傾向がある。
【0007】
本発明の軽量粘土には、上記の中空微小球体、粉末パルプ、CMC、PVAの他に、適量の添加物などを配合させることができる。また、PVAの他にポリ塩化ビニルといった合成糊剤をさらに配合してもよい。添加物としては、エタノール、グリセリン、機械油、水などが挙げられる。これらの添加物は、粘土の保存性を改良したり、べたつきを防止するのに有用である。
本発明の軽量粘土は、例えば、中空微小球体を12〜18部(重量部を意味する、以下同じ)、粉末パルプを5〜10部、粉末CMCを8〜12部、5%PVA含有水溶性接着剤を8〜30部、α化澱粉2〜10部、エタノール、グリセリン、機械油等を5〜10部、水10〜40部混合することによって製造することができる。
中空微小球体が12部未満では、目的とする軽量化を達成できず、18部を超えても軽量化は達成できるが、粘土としての性質が損なわれることがある。また、粉末パルプの添加量が5部未満であると軟らかすぎる物性となり、10部を超えると硬すぎて重い粘度になってしまう。
CMC、PVAといった合成糊剤が上記の添加量に満たないと、伸びの弱いもろい粘土となり、上記の量を超えるとべたつきの激しい粘土となる。
【0008】
本発明の軽量粘土を製造する際には、上述の原料を加熱混合することが好ましい。加熱混合することによって、主にPVAからくる粘土のべたつきを抑えて生地性を向上させるとともに、機械等への付着もなくなり、作業性を大幅に改善することができる。
製造の手順は常法にしたがって行えばよく、原料を40〜70℃程度に加温して混合することが適当である。さらに好ましくは50〜60℃に加温する。温度が70℃を超えると粘土が硬くなり伸びがなくなり、もろくなる傾向がある。一方温度が40℃未満、例えば常温ではべたつきが増す。
本発明の軽量粘土は、CVCとPVAの配合比率を上述の特定の割合として、上記のように原料を加温して混合して得ることにより、作業性や加工性が改善されて創作し易い粘土が得られ、乾燥後には外的圧力に対して破損しにくく、しなやかさを発揮することができる。
【0009】
【発明の効果】
本発明の軽量粘土は、岩石粉やタルク粉を使用することなく、より軽量となり、また色合いも白さが増し、顔料の色合いをそのまま出しやすい。
本発明の軽量粘土はまた、適度な硬さと伸び易さ、及び適度なもろさを有し、べたつきが少なく、創作し易い物性を有する。
従来の軽量粘土では、厚さ0.5mmの円形状にのばして乾燥させた後、円の直径を中心に折り曲げると折れてしまうことがあるが、本発明の軽量粘土は同様の操作によっても折れずに、つながったままである。すなわち、乾燥後も、外的圧力に対して破損しにくく、また、しなやかさが発揮される。従って創作後、乾燥しても長い期間、堅牢さを維持することができる。
【0010】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により、本発明を具体的に説明する。
実施例及び比較例
下記表1に示される組成(単位は重量%)に従って、各粘土を調製した。調製の手順として、次のようにした。
中空微小球体、粉末パルプ、CMC、α化澱粉を前もってよく混合する。そこへ残りの資材を全量加え、加熱又は常温混合して粘土に仕上げた。
製造後の粘土、及びその乾燥後の状態について、表1に挙げた各項目を評価した。その結果を表1に併せて記載する。
評価方法は次のとおりである。なお、乾燥後の破損しにくさについては、厚さ0.5mm、直径10cmの円板状に乾燥したものを、両端を手で持ち、引っ張った時の破れにくさを評価した。
10人を対象に、良いという評価を下した人数で決定した。
10人中、8〜10人が良いとした場合‥‥◎
〃 、5〜7人が良いとした場合‥‥○
〃 、3〜4人が良いとした場合‥‥△
〃 、0〜2人が良いとした場合‥‥×
【0011】
【表1】
【0012】
上記の結果より、本発明の軽量粘土の中でも特に、CMCとして、エーテル化度が1.0以上で1%水溶液での粘度が700mPa・s以上のものを使用し、CMCとPVAを重量比で10:0.5〜10:3の範囲で用い、且つ製造時に原料を加熱混合することにより、各評価項目において優れた粘土が得られることが判る。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lightweight clay having improved workability and workability among clays used for school teaching materials, toys and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, ordinary clay, paper clay, wheat clay and the like are known for teaching materials and toys. Some of these clays are lighter to improve workability and workability. For example, there are those in which hollow microspheres are used as the main raw material and fibers, synthetic glue, talc powder, and rock powder are mixed. However, when talc powder or rock powder is used, it becomes heavy and has a disadvantage that the color tone becomes dark.
In addition, a lightweight clay that is light and has a bright color tone and can be incinerated by blending of hollow microspheres, a synthetic binder, a conditioning solution, and the like has been proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-123390).
However, the conventional lightweight clay has not yet been sufficient in terms of easy physical properties and resistance to external pressure after drying.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a lightweight clay that has easy-to-create physical properties such as moderate hardness, ease of elongation, and moderate brittleness, and can maintain fastness for a long time after drying.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies for solving the above problems, the inventors of the present invention have obtained a lightweight clay containing hollow microspheres, powdered pulp, carboxymethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol, and the mixing ratio of carboxymethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol is 10: It has been found that by setting the ratio to 0.5 to 10: 3, a clay having physical properties that are easy to create can be obtained, and the strength of the clay molded product after drying can be improved, and the present invention has been completed.
Therefore, the present invention is a lightweight clay containing hollow microspheres, powdered pulp, carboxymethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol, and the mixing ratio of carboxymethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol is 10: 0.5 to 10: 3 by weight. It relates to lightweight clay.
Moreover, the clay obtained by heating and mixing the above-mentioned raw materials has been found to be less sticky, have physical properties that make it easy to create, and improve the strength after drying.
Therefore, the present invention relates to a lightweight clay obtained by heating and mixing hollow microspheres, powdered pulp, carboxymethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The hollow microsphere used in the lightweight clay of the present invention refers to a lightweight micromaterial that encloses gas in particles. Such hollow microspheres generally have a shell made of vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer resin, vinyl acetate-acrylonitrile copolymer resin, methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile copolymer resin, etc., and enclose gas. Such hollow microspheres are generally available on the market. These particle sizes are generally 20 to 150 microns, the bulk specific gravity is about 0.02, and are in the form of microspheres.
The powdered pulp used for the lightweight clay of the present invention is known as an additive generally blended in the technical field and is commercially available.
Carboxymethylcellulose (hereinafter referred to as CMC) and polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter referred to as PVA) to be blended in the lightweight clay of the present invention are known as synthetic glues in the art. Generally, it is blended with clay in the form of powder or in the form of a water-soluble adhesive of about 2 to 5%.
The mixing ratio of CMC and PVA is preferably 10: 0.5 to 10: 3 by weight. More preferably, it is 10: 1 to 10: 1.5.
When the PVA is less than this ratio, the clay becomes less stretched and easily breaks after drying. On the other hand, when the PVA is more than this ratio, the stickiness becomes intense and the clay shrinks significantly after drying.
[0006]
As CMC, those having a high degree of etherification are preferably used. Preferable CMC includes those having a degree of etherification of 1.0 or more and a viscosity in a 1% aqueous solution of 700 mPa · s or more. More specifically, those having a degree of etherification of up to about 3 can be used. When the degree of etherification is less than 1.0, clay tends to be sticky. Further, the viscosity of CMC can be up to about 2000 mPa · s. If the viscosity is less than 700 mPa · s, it is too soft to maintain the clay shape. The viscosity of CMC is measured with a B-type viscometer at a temperature of 25 ° C. Such CMCs are generally available on the market.
When blended with CMC only, clay is not sticky, but tends to be hard and brittle and not stretched. In addition, when the composition is only PVA, the clay is soft and has good elongation, but it tends to be sticky.
[0007]
In addition to the hollow microspheres, powdered pulp, CMC, and PVA, an appropriate amount of additives can be added to the lightweight clay of the present invention. In addition to PVA, a synthetic paste such as polyvinyl chloride may be further blended. Examples of the additive include ethanol, glycerin, machine oil, and water. These additives are useful for improving the shelf life of clay and preventing stickiness.
The lightweight clay of the present invention is, for example, 12 to 18 parts of hollow microspheres (meaning parts by weight, hereinafter the same), 5 to 10 parts of powdered pulp, 8 to 12 parts of powdered CMC, 5% PVA-containing water-soluble It can be produced by mixing 8 to 30 parts of adhesive, 2 to 10 parts of pregelatinized starch, 5 to 10 parts of ethanol, glycerin, machine oil, and 10 to 40 parts of water.
If the hollow microsphere is less than 12 parts, the intended weight reduction cannot be achieved, and if it exceeds 18 parts, weight reduction can be achieved, but the properties as clay may be impaired. Further, if the added amount of the powdered pulp is less than 5 parts, the properties become too soft, and if it exceeds 10 parts, it becomes too hard and has a heavy viscosity.
If the synthetic paste such as CMC or PVA is less than the above-mentioned addition amount, it becomes brittle clay with weak elongation, and if it exceeds the above-mentioned amount, it becomes clay with severe stickiness.
[0008]
When manufacturing the lightweight clay of this invention, it is preferable to heat-mix the above-mentioned raw material. By heating and mixing, the stickiness of clay mainly coming from PVA is suppressed and the dough is improved, and adhesion to a machine or the like is eliminated, so that workability can be greatly improved.
The production procedure may be carried out according to a conventional method, and it is appropriate to heat the raw materials to about 40 to 70 ° C. and mix them. More preferably, it heats to 50-60 degreeC. When the temperature exceeds 70 ° C., the clay becomes hard and does not stretch and tends to become brittle. On the other hand, stickiness increases when the temperature is lower than 40 ° C., for example, at room temperature.
The lightweight clay of the present invention can be easily created by improving the workability and workability by obtaining the mixture ratio of CVC and PVA by heating and mixing the raw materials as described above. Clay is obtained, and after drying, it is not easily damaged by external pressure and can exhibit flexibility.
[0009]
【The invention's effect】
The lightweight clay of the present invention is lighter without using rock powder or talc powder, and the hue is also increased in whiteness, and the color of the pigment is easily obtained as it is.
The lightweight clay of the present invention also has appropriate hardness, easiness of elongation, and moderate brittleness, and is less sticky and easy to create.
In the conventional lightweight clay, it may be broken when it is bent to the center of the diameter of the circle after being dried in a circular shape with a thickness of 0.5 mm, but the lightweight clay of the present invention can be broken by the same operation. Without being connected. That is, even after drying, it is not easily damaged by external pressure, and the flexibility is exhibited. Therefore, after creation, even if it dries, it can maintain its robustness for a long period of time.
[0010]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically by way of examples.
Examples and Comparative Examples Each clay was prepared according to the composition shown in Table 1 below (unit:% by weight). The preparation procedure was as follows.
Hollow microspheres, powdered pulp, CMC, pregelatinized starch are mixed well in advance. All the remaining materials were added thereto, and the mixture was heated or mixed at room temperature to finish clay.
Each item listed in Table 1 was evaluated for the clay after production and the state after drying. The results are also shown in Table 1.
The evaluation method is as follows. In addition, as for the resistance to breakage after drying, the resistance to tearing when a 0.5 mm thick and 10 cm diameter dried disc shape was held by hand and pulled was evaluated.
It was decided by the number of people who gave a good evaluation to 10 people.
If 8 to 10 out of 10 people are good ...
場合 If 5-7 people are good ...
場合 If 3-4 people are good ...
0〜 If 0 to 2 people are good… ×
[0011]
[Table 1]
[0012]
From the above results, among the light weight clays of the present invention, CMC having a degree of etherification of 1.0 or more and a viscosity in a 1% aqueous solution of 700 mPa · s or more is used. It can be seen that an excellent clay can be obtained in each evaluation item by using in the range of 10: 0.5 to 10: 3 and heating and mixing the raw materials at the time of production.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17617696A JP3764780B2 (en) | 1996-07-05 | 1996-07-05 | Lightweight clay |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17617696A JP3764780B2 (en) | 1996-07-05 | 1996-07-05 | Lightweight clay |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH1020768A JPH1020768A (en) | 1998-01-23 |
| JP3764780B2 true JP3764780B2 (en) | 2006-04-12 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17617696A Expired - Fee Related JP3764780B2 (en) | 1996-07-05 | 1996-07-05 | Lightweight clay |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3764780B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100799717B1 (en) | 2007-02-27 | 2008-02-01 | 주식회사 엑스티아이 | Eco-friendly lightweight clay composition using biodegradable polymer hollow microspheres |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20160101669A (en) | 2015-02-17 | 2016-08-25 | 조현 | Artificial clay composition comprising hollow sphere and its preparation method |
-
1996
- 1996-07-05 JP JP17617696A patent/JP3764780B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100799717B1 (en) | 2007-02-27 | 2008-02-01 | 주식회사 엑스티아이 | Eco-friendly lightweight clay composition using biodegradable polymer hollow microspheres |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH1020768A (en) | 1998-01-23 |
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