JP3765660B2 - Vibration detector - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a vibration detection apparatus that outputs an electric signal. More particularly, the present invention relates to a vibration detection device suitable for uses such as detecting vibrations caused by intruders in a house or building to issue a warning for a crime prevention device, or detecting vibrations associated with the occurrence of debris flows, etc.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Although various principles are used for the vibration detection mechanism of the vibration detection device, when the vibration transmitted to these is detected by installing on a building or the ground, the detection device itself also detects these vibrations. Since it is installed on the object, the vibration of the object cannot be detected relatively from the fixed position. For this reason, using the acceleration with respect to the inertial mass in the detection apparatus installed in the detection object, the relative displacement amount accompanying the vibration is measured. However, this type of conventional apparatus has a complicated structure and is expensive, and the detected signal is difficult to handle because it requires high-level processing according to the application.
In recent years, in addition to using these vibration detection devices for crime prevention, it is also considered to detect debris flows, landslides, collapse phenomena, etc. by vibrations to deal with natural disasters, but the installation environment is harsh, and maintenance management and operation systems are also used. Due to limitations, these conventional vibration detectors are complicated and expensive, and maintenance and operational difficulties are inevitable.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
It can be manufactured at a low cost with a simple structure, is robust and easy to maintain, and does not require a particularly complicated and expensive circuit for processing detected signals, making it easy to operate the entire system. Providing vibration detection means suitable for disaster prevention.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the object, the present invention provides an elastic body that is disposed in close proximity to each other and that changes in accordance with the direction of gravity while transmitting vibrations of a pair of elastic bodies that resonate with vibration through contactors. Keep the distance between the contacts constant with respect to the movement of the contacts due to the deflection of the contact,
It is a vibration detecting device in which two contacts are intermittently contacted by vibration to perform a switching operation by changing the period and / or form of each vibration due to the resonance.
[0005]
[Action]
When the contact is supported by an elastic body such as a streak so as to resonate with vibration, the vibration transmitted from the object that supports and fixes the contact is changed into a contact motion in a mechanically expanded form with a simple structure. Can do. Therefore, if the circuit is closed by touching another contact by the movement of the contact, the vibration of the object can be detected as a signal of an on / off operation of the switch.
For example, if one end of a cigarette ridge is fixed to an object and a resonance weight and a contact are attached to the other end, the ridge reacts sensitively to the slight vibration when vibration is applied to the object. Therefore, if another contact is provided in the vicinity of this contact and a circuit is formed, a switch element that opens and closes by vibration can be formed. By the way, in this case, when the fixing direction of the switch element is changed, the direction in which gravity acts is changed, and the ridge supporting the contact is bent in the direction of gravity, so the distance between the two contacts also changes depending on the fixing direction. .
[0006]
Therefore, the structure that resonates due to such weak vibrations is sensitively bent by the action of gravity on the resonance weight, so that the distance between the contacts changes depending on the installation direction of the device, and a certain condition Therefore, vibration cannot be detected, and the conditions under which the vibration can be detected are limited.
In such a case, if the vibration to be detected is shocking and only requires a temporary operation, the detection sensitivity should be lowered by, for example, limiting the bending due to gravity action by strengthening the rigidity of the streak etc. Although it is used as an impact detection sensor or the like, it cannot detect continuous vibration with high sensitivity and cannot be used for the intended purpose of the present invention.
That is, in order to detect vibration with high sensitivity by opening and closing such a resonating contact, the distance between the contacts is always kept constant even when the gravity action changes, and two contacts are The structure must be able to achieve the two conditions of ensuring contact.
For the first condition, the two contact points are both supported by a resonance structure composed of a weight and an elastic body so as to be subjected to a gravitational action, and the amount of displacement due to the bending due to the gravity is equal at the position of at least two contact points. As a result, even if the direction of the gravitational action changes and these bend in that direction, the distance between the contacts can be kept equal.
[0007]
However, with such a structure, the behavior of the two contacts with respect to vibration becomes the same, so that the contacts swing with the same period and pattern, and the contacts do not easily come into contact with each other, so that they do not operate as a switch.
Therefore, in addition to the above-mentioned conditions for keeping the distance between the two contacts constant, in order to close the circuit by reliably contacting the two contacts by giving a vibration of a certain level or more, the vibration period and vibration of these resonances It is necessary to change the pattern between the contacts.
For this purpose, the resonance structure of these two elastic bodies and the weight is changed by changing the inertial mass of the weight of the elastic body to change the vibration period, or by changing the material and structure of the elastic body to change the way of damping. The second condition is achieved by allowing the weights to contact each other when they vibrate by changing the manner of resonance by giving a secondary moment to the weight.
[0008]
Hereinafter, a configuration for satisfying the above two conditions of the present invention will be described by taking a specific structure of the resonant vibrators A and B shown in FIG. 9 as an example.
As shown in FIG. 9, the resonance vibrators A and B are provided with resonance weights 5 and 6 at one end of elastic bodies 1 and 2 made of ridges and the like, and further provided with contacts 3 and 4 as contact points. In practice, the contacts 3 and 4 form a contact near the tip.
For example, the resonance vibrating body A is rotated around a vertical line set at a fixed point on the surface of the housing 9 so that the direction in which the gravity acts is changed by fixing the resonance vibrating body A on the housing 9 at one end of the ridge. If is, vibrator one point P on the contact children for flexing under the action of gravity moves constant orbital plane X the perpendicular as shown in the figure as the center axis N _P.
[0009]
On the other hand, when the resonant vibrating body B supporting the second contact is fixed close to the first resonant vibrating body A and similarly rotated around its fixed axis, the point Q on the contact is also the same. deflection under the action of gravity, around the central axis N _Q moves on fixed raceway surface Y. Therefore, in order to satisfy the first condition, when the axes of these two raceway surfaces are overlapped or arranged so that they are almost parallel and at least close to each other, and the raceway surface is regarded as a simple spherical surface, Since there is a simple correspondence between the amount of change and the change in gravity, as shown in FIG. 10, these points P and Q are equal distances PN _P = QN _Q from the central axes N _P and N _Q , respectively. If the amount of deflection is set to, the amount of change with respect to the change in gravity is equal, and the distance between the two points P and Q is kept constant regardless of the change in gravity. When the second resonant vibrator B ′ is arranged coaxially with the resonant vibrator A, the same relationship is established for the point Q ′ on the contact as shown in FIG.
In other words, within a range where the angle of bending due to gravity is small and the raceway surface can be approximated to a spherical surface, if these resonant vibrators are close to each other in parallel or coaxial, the load such as a weight or the rigidity of the ridge is adjusted. If the contacts are set to be equal distances from their central axes, the amount of change due to the change in the gravity of the contacts will be approximately the same even if the orientation of the housing is changed, and the distance between the contacts will always be kept approximately constant. Thus, the first condition can be achieved.
[0010]
Next, when vibration is applied to the resonant vibrating body A at a certain stationary position, the point P on the contact 3 vibrates on the raceway surface with the normal line P _N standing on the raceway surface as the center (axis). Will move. On the other hand, the point Q on the contact 4 of the second resonance vibrator B also vibrates around the normal line Q _N set at the point Q on the orbital plane substantially parallel to or overlapping with the contact point 4 according to the above conditions. And will move.
Therefore, the second condition can be achieved if the trajectories intersect at the same time through one point in a state where the ranges of vibrations drawn by these two points overlap.
[0011]
As shown in FIG. 9, when the resonance vibrators A and B are simultaneously given a vibration of a certain level or more, the range of vibrations drawn by the points P and Q becomes large and overlaps each other. If the patterns of the drawn trajectories are the same, they will not touch each other. Therefore, if the weight of the resonance weight of one elastic body is changed, the resonance characteristics change the vibration cycle between these contacts according to the principle that the frequency increases when the inertial mass such as the weight is lightened. Since the trajectories cross through the same point, they come into contact with each other.
In addition, even if the structure and material of the elastic ridges are changed or different damping actions are applied, the contact can be made in the same manner by changing the vibration period. Alternatively, the same effect can be obtained even if the trajectory drawn by the vibration is changed by changing the resonance characteristics by distributing the moment of inertia mass so that the moment of inertia is different, such as by making the resonance weight a floating type.
[0012]
Then, the two resonance vibrators A and B set in this way are provided with contacts at positions P and Q, respectively, so that the contacts come into contact with vibrations of a certain magnitude or larger to operate as a switch. If this is the case, the vibration detection device detects such vibrations as an intermittent signal of the opening and closing action of the switch, so it is easy to grasp the frequency with a simple circuit configuration that combines a timer and a counter. Information on necessary crime prevention or disaster prevention can be obtained.
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows the most basic form of a vibration detection apparatus in which two resonance vibrators according to the present invention are arranged coaxially.
As shown in the figure, the resonant vibrating body A is provided with a weight 5 at the tip of an elastic body 1 made of a conical ridge or the like having one end fixed to a fixed point 7 of a housing 9 of the vibration detecting device, and at the other end of the elastic body. An acicular contact 3 serving as a contact is extended and provided. On the other hand, in the second resonance vibrating body B, one end of the elastic body 2 is fixed to the fixing point 8 of the housing 9 so as to be coaxial with the resonance vibrating body A, and the weight 6 and the contactor are connected to the other end. A contact 4 having a contact ring R for forming a contact with the contact 3 is provided.
[0014]
The contact 3 is set by being inserted into the center of the contact ring R of the contact 4 at a position close to the tip of the contact 3 and keeps a certain distance from the contact ring R in a stationary state. When vibration is applied to the resonant vibrating bodies A and B through the housing 9, the vibration is expanded and transmitted to the contact 3 and the contact 4 by the action of the elastic bodies 1 and 2, and the contact 3 is contacted with the contact ring. Each contact with R closes the contact, and the switching operation is intermittently performed with vibration.
[0015]
The elastic bodies 3 and 4 are not particularly limited in shape and material as long as they exhibit characteristics as a so-called elastic body, but are generally made of a material having excellent striation characteristics such as steel or phosphor bronze in a vine winding shape. The formed elastic body may be simple. The swoops made of these materials are electrically conductive, and one end side thereof is formed into a straight line to form a terminal wire 10 on the fixed point side, or the contactor or the contactor tip is formed into an annular shape to form a contact ring R and By doing so, the resonant vibrators A and B can be configured as an integral structure.
In the case where the elastic body is formed of an insulating material such as rubber, a conductive material may be deposited, or a conductive core wire may be embedded to provide conductivity and connect to the terminal wire 10.
The contactor and contact ring are made of a conductive material to form a contact, but when subjected to a large impact or the like, a hard material such as steel is used to prevent deformation due to such contact or to ensure long-term durability. In order to prevent poor contact due to rust or the like in a high-humidity usage environment, a nickel-based alloy having excellent corrosion resistance can also be used.
[0016]
FIG. 2 shows a setting process for adjusting the vibration characteristics of the elastic body while keeping the contact distance between the resonant vibration bodies A and B constant.
The resonance vibrating body A is formed in advance so that the elastic body 1 and the contact 3 are in a straight line, and the resonance vibration body B is elastic with a straight portion attached to the elastic body by bending the contact 4 as shown in the figure. The body axis is shaped so as to pass through the center of the contact ring R so that they are in a straight line. In this case, both elastic bodies 3 and 4 may be the same.
To set the vibration detection device shown in FIG. 1 so as to always keep the distance between the contacts constant regardless of the mounting direction, that is, regardless of the direction of gravity action, the casing 9 is set vertically as shown in FIG. After setting, the axial directions of the two resonance vibrators A and B are made to coincide with the direction of gravity g, and fixed to the fixing points 7 and 8 so that these axial directions are in a straight line.
In this state, the attachment direction of the contact 3 of the resonant vibrator A and the contact ring R of the resonant vibrator B is finely adjusted so that the contact 3 is positioned at the center of the contact ring R.
In this way, in the state where the axis of the elastic body of the resonance vibrating body A and the contactor coincide with the axis of the elastic body of the resonance vibrating body B and the center axis of the contact ring R, the resonance of the contactor elastic body of the resonance vibrating body A A weight 5 is attached to adjust the vibration characteristics.
[0017]
Next, as shown in FIG. 1, the casing 9 is set so that the axes of the resonant vibrators A and B are horizontal, and the elastic body 1 of the resonant vibrator A is set so that the influence of gravity is maximized. The weight 5 is bent, and the weight 6 is attached to the elastic body 4 so that the contact 3 is positioned at the center of the contact ring R as shown in FIG. At this time, the first condition that the contacts are located at equal distances from the respective central axes is achieved, the weight of the elastic body 2 is lighter than the weight of the elastic body 1, and the degree of deflection thereof is Since the elastic body 1 having a short length between the contact point and the fixed point is in a smaller relation to the bending state, the contacts A and B maintain a substantially constant interval even if the orientation of the housing is changed. be able to.
As described above, the contactor 3 is set so as to pass through the center of the contact ring R in a horizontal state where the influence is maximum with reference to a vertical state which is not affected by the gravity action, and the direction of gravity is determined by this two-point correction method. Even if it changes, the 1st condition for keeping the space | interval between contact points substantially constant can be set correctly.
[0018]
For the sake of simplicity, the same swirl ridges are used for the elastic bodies 1 and 2 and the weight is adjusted so that the weight is inversely proportional to the length between the contact points and the fixed points. In this case, the length between the contact point and the fixed point is longer in the resonant vibrating body B than in the resonant vibrating body A, so that the weight 6 is lighter than the weight 5. In addition, by changing the rigidity of the two elastic bodies with respect to the bending, the displacement of the contact due to the bending may be adjusted, or the position of the weight may be changed.
Next, in order to achieve the second condition, the contact points of the resonant vibrators A and B having a constant distance between the contact points in this way are in contact with each other with respect to a certain level of vibration. I have to exercise.
When vibration is applied to this vibration detection device, both the contacts A and B resonate and shake, but the weights 5 and 6 for resonance of the contacts A and B are different in weight, and the frequency increases when the weight is reduced. Therefore, in the example of FIG. 1, the elastic body 2 having a light weight has a larger frequency and a different period as described above, so these contacts are intermittently contacted. Therefore, the contact 3 intermittently contacts the contact ring R and surely performs a switching action.
1 does not resonate with respect to vibration parallel to the axial direction of the elastic body of the contactor, but if a vibration detecting device that operates in the same manner is used in combination with the axial directions at right angles, the vibration detecting device of FIG. Can be detected regardless of the installation direction of the apparatus.
[0019]
The above example is an example in which the resonant vibrators A and B are arranged coaxially, and examples in which these are arranged in parallel are shown in FIGS.
FIG. 4 shows the completed structure. Resonant vibrators A and B are attached with elastic weights 5 and 6 on elastic bodies 1 and 2 made of vines, etc., as in FIG. The contacts 3 and 4 are provided with contacts and contact rings R. As shown in FIG. 3, these setting methods are such that the housing 9 is set horizontally, the resonant vibrators A and B are fixed in parallel with the axis line aligned with the gravitational direction g, and the contact 3 is connected to the contact ring R. Set to pass through the center.
Next, the casing is set in the vertical direction, and the contactor 3 is adjusted so as to pass through the center of the contact ring R so as to maximize the gravitational action as shown in FIG. In order to keep the distance between the contacts constant, the rigidity of the elastic body with respect to the weight can be achieved by adjusting the structure and material in advance so that the bending due to gravity is the same. The distance between the contacts is kept constant by bending in parallel.
[0020]
As is clear from the figure, since the resonant vibrators A and B are spaced apart from each other, the entire configuration is deformed into a parallelogram when they are bent. Although these changes appear, these changes appear slightly in the direction of the contact needle, but the change in the distance between the contact points is very slight and does not cause a problem in practice.
Next, the resonant vibrators A and B set in this way have almost the same motion when the vibration characteristics are equal, so that the contacts do not come into contact with each other. However, the period and vibration of the vibration can be changed by changing the material and structure of the elastic body. By changing the pattern of the tracks, the contacts can be brought into contact with each other, and the switch operation can be performed as in the example of FIG. In the example of FIG. 4, the structure of the elastic bodies 1 and 2 is changed to change the vibration attenuation pattern. A period difference appears in the vibration with time, and the contact contacts intermittently. In order to change the vibration characteristics in this way, it is also possible to change the vibration pattern by using different materials for the elastic body, giving play by using a resonance weight as a floating type, or combining a plurality of elastic bodies. Can be achieved.
Of course, such a method of changing the vibration pattern can also be used in a resonant vibrator having a structure as shown in FIG.
[0021]
Furthermore, the other aspect of this invention is shown to FIGS.
In the structure shown in FIGS. 1-4, although it does not operate | move in principle with respect to the vibration of the elastic body in the axial direction, by bending the elastic body almost at right angles as shown in FIG. It is possible to resonate by compensating for the vibration components in the respective bent directions. Similarly for the resonance action of this structure, the above two conditions can be set, that is, the condition for making the distance between the contacts constant and the condition for making the on / off switch operation by contacting the contact with the constant vibration. Thus, vibrations in all directions can be detected as in the case where the two vibration detection devices are arranged substantially at right angles.
The step of setting the contact gap constant and setting the vibration condition of the contact is the same as that shown in FIG. 1, and the resonant vibrators A and B are fixed with their respective vibration center axes aligned, and then the casing The weight of the resonance vibrating body B is attached with 9 being horizontal and the action of gravity being maximized, so that the contact 3 passes through the center of the contact ring R.
[0022]
In the example of FIG. 6, the elastic body 2 having the structure of FIG. 5 is made small so as to have a similar shape to the elastic body 1, and the entire apparatus can be configured compactly. Since the behavior with respect to the vibration is enlarged at the contact portion by setting the length of the contact or the resonance weight, it can be handled in the same manner as in FIG.
The example of FIG. 7 is a modification of FIG. 4 and the setting of the resonance weight and the contact can be performed in the same manner as in the examples of FIGS.
[0023]
FIG. 8 shows still another example of the present invention. In the figure, the elastic body is made of an elastic material such as rubber, and the size of the device can be reduced and the contact weight of the contact can act as a resonance weight. By calculating and setting, productivity can be improved. Further, the property of resonating due to the inertial mass of the elastic body itself can be used.
When rubber or the like is used for the elastic body, since it is insulative, the terminal wire 10 can be taken out through the core wire inside. In the structure shown in the figure, by appropriately setting the masses and moments of the contacts 3 and 4, it is possible to resonate even in the direction parallel to the axis of the elastic body, and one detector can be used in a three-dimensional direction. On the other hand, vibration can be detected.
[0024]
In each of the above examples, the resonance direction of the elastic body is around the axis, but a planar configuration in which the two contacts vibrate only in the opposite direction can also be realized in principle. A thin elastic material such as foil is laminated via an insulating material such as a synthetic resin layer, and a metal layer that becomes a weight is laminated and patterned by a photo-etching method, so that the elastic body and the contact that are resonating are close to each other. Thus, the structure can be arranged in parallel. This structure can only detect vibrations in the direction perpendicular to the foil surface constituting the elastic body, but it is only necessary to arrange a plurality of detection devices in each direction, and a highly accurate one can be manufactured at low cost by a photo process. There are advantages.
In addition, when configuring a system for crime prevention or disaster prevention using the vibration detection device of the present invention, a management system for disconnection of a line of signal cables connected to these or a short circuit that is intentionally performed is required. Since the detection signal of the vibration detection device of the present invention is due to intermittent switching operation, detection of disconnection or the like by inserting a certain resistance between the terminals of the vibration detection device and allowing a weak current to flow. Since it can be easily identified as a short circuit, the system can be easily maintained.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the present invention, weak vibration can be detected continuously and continuously with high accuracy by a simple structure, and a detection signal by a switch action is output to a required alarm or the like by simple processing. It is suitable for natural disaster prevention purposes that were difficult to handle with conventional detection devices such as debris flow disasters as well as for crime prevention, and it is inexpensive and easy to maintain and operate. It can be applied to a range of applications.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a vibration detection device according to the present invention in which the axes of resonance vibrators A and B are coaxial. FIG. 2 is a step of setting a resonance weight and a contact position of the vibration detection device of FIG. Step of setting resonance weight and contact position of vibration detection device [FIG. 4] Vibration detection device of the present invention in which axes of resonance vibrators A and B are configured in parallel [FIG. 5] Elastic bodies A and B have a two-dimensional shape [Fig. 6] Modified example of Fig. 5 [Fig. 7] Modified example of Fig. 4 in which elastic bodies A and B are two-dimensionally shaped [Fig. 8] Elastic bodies A and B are made of a material such as rubber. FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the principle of the vibration detecting device of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the contact points of the resonant vibrators A and B of the present invention.
1,2: elastic 3,4: contactor 5,6: weight 7,8: fixed point 9: housing 10: terminal lines A, B: resonant vibrator g: gravity direction N _P: resonant vibrator A Central axis N _Q : Central axis of resonant vibrator B P: Point on contact 3 of resonant vibrator A Q: Point on contact 4 of resonant vibrator B R: Contact ring of contact 4 X: P is track surface drawn around the axis N _P by a change in gravity Y: Q raceways drawing about an axis N _Q by a change in gravity

Claims (1)

A pair of contacts that transmit vibrations of a pair of elastic bodies that resonate with vibration through the contacts are arranged close to each other, and the movement of the contacts due to the bending of the elastic body and the contacts changes according to the direction of gravity. Keep the contact spacing constant,
A vibration detection apparatus in which two contacts are intermittently contacted by vibration to perform a switching operation by changing the period and / or form of each vibration due to the resonance.

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