JP3765838B2 - Reactor core and fuel assembly - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
  The present invention relates to a core of a nuclear reactor related to a first loaded core in which fuel economy is improved by increasing a removal burnup in a boiling water reactor and a fuel assembly loaded in the core.
[0002]
[Prior art]
  The nuclear fuel assembly that is loaded into the core for the first time after the boiling water reactor is constructed is called the first loaded fuel. As such initial loaded fuel, one with a single enrichment was used at the early stage of the development of a nuclear power plant. Things are now used.
[0003]
  However, in any case, the average enrichment of the initially loaded fuel is set so that the surplus reactivity of the core becomes almost zero at the end of the first cycle, and is therefore 2.1 to 2.5%.
[0004]
  As an example of such a first-loading core, a quarter part of a boiling water reactor core with an electric output of 1.35 million kW composed of four types of first-loading fuels with different enrichments is shown.20This is shown in the fuel arrangement configuration diagram. This figure20In FIG. 2, the one indicated by a square represents one of the fuel assemblies generally called fuel, and the core 1 is composed of a total of 872 fuel assemblies.
[0005]
  Here, H shown in the square indicates an initially loaded fuel assembly with an enrichment of 3.7%, M with an enrichment of 2.5%, L with an enrichment of 1.6%, and S with an enrichment of 0.9%. The enrichment of the fuel H is the same as that of the replacement fuel assembly, and the enrichment of the fuels M, L, and S is the reaction after the replacement fuel assembly stays in the first, second, and third cycle furnaces. It is set to simulate the degree.
[0006]
  Figure20The fuel assembly 2 of the fuel H, the fuel assembly 3 of the fuel M, and the fuel assembly 4 of the fuel L are respectively 200, and the fuel assembly 5 of the fuel S is loaded 272. The average enrichment of the loaded fuel is 2.1%.
[0007]
  The fuel used here is an example of a high burnup fuel assembly.twenty one(A) longitudinal section and figuretwenty oneFigure (b)twenty oneBb arrow sectional drawing of (a), and figuretwenty oneFigure (c)twenty oneIt is shown in the cross-sectional view taken along the line cc in (a).
[0008]
  In the fuel assemblies 2 to 5, long fuel rods 6, short fuel rods 7, and large-diameter water rods 8 are bundled by a spacer 9 into a 9 × 9 square lattice to form an upper tie plate 10 and a lower tie plate. The fuel rod bundle is fixed to 11 to be surrounded by a channel box 12. The short fuel rod 7 expands the coolant flow path in the upper part of the fuel assemblies 2 to 5 to reduce pressure loss and improve the furnace stop margin.
[0009]
  In the core 1 figure20205, 205 control rods 13 are provided at the positions of the white circles. One of the control rods 13 and four fuel assemblies surrounding the control rods 13 are collectively called one cell. However, the fuel which does not comprise a cell exists in a part of the outermost periphery of the core.
[0010]
  In addition, in order to control the excess reactivity of the core 1 with the control rod 13 during the operation of the nuclear reactor, the enrichment degree is reduced so that the power distribution distortion of the fuel adjacent to the control rod 13 due to the movement of the control rod 13 is alleviated. The low-reactivity cells 14 (also referred to as control cells) in which four low-reactivity fuels are arranged are discretely arranged in the reactor core 1 as a result of low or low combustion. In the core 1, there are 21 low-reactivity cells 14 indicated by thick frames, and the fuel assemblies 5 (S) having the lowest enrichment are loaded.
[0011]
  When the operation of the first cycle with such an initially loaded core is completed, about 200 of the initially loaded fuel assemblies with reduced reactivity are removed from the core 1 and a replacement fuel assembly is newly loaded. Two cycles of operation are performed, and thereafter, the third and fourth cycles are sequentially repeated in the same manner.
[0012]
  On the other hand, an invention that greatly increases the burn-up degree of the initially loaded fuel is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-119492 “Reactor Operating Method”. According to the present invention, the enrichment of all initially loaded fuels is made the same as that of the replacement fuel, so that the second cycle operation is performed without performing the fuel replacement after the end of the first cycle operation.
[0013]
  Thereby, the replacement work with the replacement fuel is omitted, and the fuel economy is greatly improved as compared with the conventional case. However, according to the present invention, the surplus reactivity of the core does not become zero at the end of the second cycle, and there is a problem that the reactor must be shut down while leaving a surplus capacity that can still be operated.
[0014]
  Further, an invention for solving the above problems is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-222867 “Reactor Operating Method”. In this invention, two or more kinds of initially loaded fuels having different enrichments are prepared, the enrichment of the high enrichment fuel is made the same as the replacement fuel, the enrichment of the low enrichment fuel and the number of loaded bodies are It has been proposed that after the operation of the first cycle is completed, the operation of the second cycle is performed without changing the fuel, and that the excess reactivity of the core becomes zero at the end of the second cycle.
[0015]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
  However, the following two problems still remain in the above two inventions.
  In a boiling water reactor, in general, in order to control the excess reactivity in the core 1 to an appropriate range of 1 to 2% Δk, some fuel rods 6 and 7 constituting the fuel assemblies 2 to 5 are provided with gadolinia or the like. Contains flammable poisons.
[0016]
  The number of fuel rods containing combustible poisons per fuel assembly 2 to 5 is set so that the excess reactivity at the beginning of the combustion cycle is set to an appropriate range, and the concentration of the combustible poisons is the length of the combustion cycle. Is approximately proportional to Figure above20In the initial loading core with an average enrichment of 2.1% shown in Fig. 5, 7.5% gadolinia, the highest concentration conventionally used, was contained in an appropriate number of fuel rods constituting the fuel assemblies H, M, and L. In this case, the excess reactivity of the first cycle takes a constant value of 1.2 to 2% Δk, and becomes almost zero at the end of the cycle.
[0017]
  However, if the average enrichment of the initially loaded fuel increases, even if the reactor operation period is constant, the excess reactivity after the middle of the operation cycle will increase if the conventional concentration of flammable poisons is used. . As an example, figure20The surplus reactivity of the core with the initial concentration increased to 2.7% by adjusting the number of loaded fuels in each initial fuel exceeds 3% Δk in the second half of the cycle.
[0018]
  Furthermore, when gadolinia is used as the flammable poison, the reactivity effect per fuel rod containing the flammable poison is 3 to 4% Δk, so in the highly concentrated fuel assembly occupying most of the initial loaded fuel. By adjusting the number of fuel rods containing flammable poisons, it is not always possible to set the excess reactivity within an appropriate range.
[0019]
  For example, in order to increase the average enrichment of the initial loaded fuel by 0.1%, it is necessary to reduce the surplus reactivity by about 1% Δk. However, if the number of fuel rods containing flammable poisons is increased by 1, the surplus reactivity is It decreases by 2-3% Δk.
[0020]
  The object of the present invention is to increase the excess reactivity in the core of the nuclear reactor that has increased the average enrichment of the initially loaded fuel in order to increase the take-off burnup and improve the economic efficiency by effectively using the fuel. An object of the present invention is to provide a reactor core and a fuel assembly loaded in the reactor core that can solve the problems and control the excess reactivity within an appropriate range.
[0021]
[Means for Solving the Invention]
  In order to achieve the above object, a reactor core according to the invention of claim 1 comprises:A square lattice of a plurality of first group of fuel rods containing nuclear fuel material and no flammable poison, a plurality of second group fuel rods containing nuclear fuel material and a flammable poison, and one or more water rods In a fuel assembly configured in a bundle, at least part of a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction,At least oneThe second groupFuel rodA isIn the four directions of X and YThe second groupFuel rodFacing the first group of fuel rods in at least one diagonal direction that faces B and is diagonal to the X or Y direction, and all the second group fuel rods B are at least in the X or Y direction. In any one direction, the first group of fuel rodsIt is characterized by facing.
[0022]
  The reactor core according to the invention described in claim 2 is a reactor core in which two or more types of initially loaded fuel assemblies having different enrichments are loaded, wherein the initially loaded fuel assembly having the highest enrichment is the claim. The fuel assembly according to Item 1.TheIn addition, the initially loaded fuel assembly having a lower enrichment than the highest enriched initially loaded fuel assembly does not contain a flammable poison, or more than the flammable poison contained in the highest enriched initially loaded fuel assembly. Is characterized by containing a flammable poison with a short reactivity lifetime.
[0024]
[Action]
  The fuel arrangement configuration diagram of FIG. 1 shows a quarter of the core. FIG. 1 (a) shows the core 15a of the first cycle, and FIG. 1 (b) shows the core 15b of the second cycle. The first loaded fuel assembly is loaded. In the figure, the fuel assembly 16 indicated by 1 in the four corners and the fuel assembly 17 indicated by 2 are the same high enrichment initial loading fuel, and the fuel assembly 18 indicated by L is the low enrichment initial loading. It is fuel.
[0025]
  One fuel cell 18 (four fuel assemblies 16 to 18 arranged around one control rod 13 is one cell). The low-reactivity cell 14 in the portion indicated by a thick frame in which L) is arranged is called a high-reactivity cell 19.
[0026]
  The fuel assemblies loaded in the reactor cores 15a and 15b are each formed by bundling a plurality of fuel rods in a square lattice shape, and the average enrichment of the initially loaded fuel indicated by 1 and 2 in the square is about 2.7% or more, and the concentration of gadolinia contained in the fuel rod as a flammable poison is higher than 7.5% in at least some of the initially loaded fuel assemblies.
[0027]
  Also, the first loaded fuel assembly is loaded in the first cycle core 15a shown in FIG. 1 (a), and the replacement fuel assembly is loaded in the second cycle core 15b in FIG. 1 (b) or after the third cycle. In the reactor core, the average take-off burnup of the initially loaded fuel assembly is set to about 0.7 times or more than the average take-up burnup of the replacement fuel assembly.
[0028]
  According to the above configuration, in the initial loading core in which the average enrichment is significantly increased, the excess reactivity of the first cycle can be set in an appropriate range. The characteristic diagram of FIG.20Of the four types of initially loaded fuel assemblies used in the conventional example, the average enrichment configured by adjusting the ratio of the number of loaded bodies using the fuel assemblies 2 (H) and the fuel assemblies 4 (L) The maximum value of the excess reactivity of the 1st cycle in the various initial loading cores from which this is different is shown.
[0029]
  Fuel assembly 2 (H) has nine conventional rods containing 7.5% gadolinia and two fuel assemblies 4 (L). Along with this, it is necessary to adjust the number of fuel rods with gadolinia, but since the reactivity value of gadolinia has disappeared near the end of the cycle, the maximum value of surplus reactivity is not greatly affected by the number of fuel rods with gadolinia .
[0030]
  In FIG. 2, the curve 20 indicates the case where the fuel assembly 4 (L) is disposed on the outermost periphery of the core, and the curve 21 indicates the case where the fuel assembly 2 (H) is disposed. When the fuel assembly 2 is arranged on the outermost periphery of the core, the surplus reactivity exceeds 4.5% Δk in the core with an average enrichment of about 2.7% or more. In general, the low-reactivity cells are arranged so as not to be adjacent to each other in the X, Y, and diagonal directions.20In the core 1 shown in FIG. 4, a maximum of 45 low-reactivity cells 14 can be arranged.
[0031]
  However, the surplus reactivity that can be controlled by 45 control rods 13 is about 4.5% Δk. Therefore, as long as gadolinia with a concentration of 7.5% is used, the reactor is controlled in the initial loading core with an average enrichment of about 2.7% or more. Will not be able to.
[0032]
  Therefore, by using gadolinia with a concentration higher than 7.5% based on this configuration, an initially loaded core having an appropriate excess reactivity and an average enrichment of about 2.7% or more can be configured.
[0033]
  On the other hand, if a highly enriched fuel assembly 16 (1) and a highly enriched fuel assembly 17 (2) are arranged on the outermost periphery of the core, neutron leakage from the core increases, so that the excess reactivity can be lowered and the average enrichment can be reduced. The excess reactivity exceeds 4.5% Δk in the core with a degree of about 2.9% or more. Therefore, a core that employs such a fuel arrangement may use gadolinia with an average enrichment of about 2.9% or higher and higher than 7.5%.
[0034]
  Curve 22 in FIG. 2 shows the maximum value of the excess reactivity in the first cycle when using a 7.5% concentration of gadolinia in the first loaded core of various enrichments composed of one type of fuel assembly. As can be seen from FIG. 2, in the case of the initial loading core composed of a plurality of fuels having different enrichments, the surplus reactivity is considerably higher than that of the curve 20 or the curve 21. This is because the higher the fuel enrichment, the harder the neutron spectrum, and the longer the combustion of gadolinia.
[0035]
  In other words, if the average enrichment is the same, the core is made up of a plurality of fuels with different enrichments, and a more highly combustible poison is contained in the highly enriched fuel, thereby increasing the reactivity life of the combustible poison. Thus, the excess reactivity can be reduced.
[0036]
  By significantly increasing the average enrichment with the above configuration, the average take-off burnup of the initially loaded fuel has increased significantly compared to the previous figure.20In the initial loading core 1 with an average enrichment of 2.1% shown in Fig. 3, the average removal burnup of the initial loading fuel is about 25 GWd / t, which is 0.56 times the average removal burnup of the replacement fuel with an enrichment of 3.7% of 45 GWd / t. However, in the initial loading core 15a in which the average enrichment is increased to 2.7%, the average take-off burnup is about 32 GWd / t, which is 0.71 times the average take-up burnup of the replacement fuel.
[0037]
  In the first invention group,For example, as shown in the fuel arrangement configuration diagram of FIG. 1, each of the nuclear reactors in which the first loaded fuel assemblies are loaded in the first cycle and the replacement fuel assemblies are loaded in the second cycle or the third cycle and thereafter, In the core that is concentric and is divided into two by the hatched portion 23 in the radial direction so that the number of fuel assemblies included in the region is substantially equal, the first loaded fuel assembly that has been arranged in the region around the core in the first cycle is In the 2nd cycle, it arrange | positions and operates more in a core internal area | region than a core peripheral area | region.
[0038]
  Further, in the reactor core loaded with two or more kinds of initially loaded fuel assemblies having different enrichments, the first enriched fuel assemblies having the highest enrichment are disposed on the outermost periphery of the core in the first cycle and the second cycle. The highest enrichment initial loading fuel assembly different from the highest enrichment initial loading fuel assembly disposed on the outermost periphery of the core in the first cycle is disposed and operated on the outermost periphery of the core in the second cycle.
[0039]
  Furthermore, the control is inserted into the core of the reactor during the first cycle operation by concentrically dividing the fuel assemblies contained in each region of the core into two parts at the portion of the concentric circle and the diagonally shaded portion 23 in the radial direction. The number of rods is increased in the region around the core than in the core inner region.
[0040]
  As an effect of the first invention group, it is possible to suppress the excess reactivity of the second cycle and to operate for a longer time. In the first cycle shown in the core 15a of FIG. 1 (a), the highly loaded fuel assemblies 16 and 17 of the initially loaded fuel arranged in the core peripheral region have a low output, so combustion does not proceed. Sufficient flammable poisons and fissile materials remain even at the second cycle.
[0041]
  Therefore, in the second cycle shown in the core 15b of FIG. 1 (b), the first-loaded fuel assemblies 16 to 18 are moved to the inner region of the core, so that the concentration of the flammable poison is not increased excessively. The surplus reactivity can be controlled within an appropriate range, and the combustion efficiency of the second cycle is increased.
[0042]
  For that purpose, it is effective to arrange the fuel assemblies 16 and 17 of the highest concentration initial loading fuel containing a large amount of flammable poisons in the core peripheral region, particularly the outermost periphery of the core in the first cycle, Furthermore, by further delaying the combustion of the fuel in the region around the core by inserting the control rod 13 in the first cycle, the above action can be further emphasized.
[0043]
  Next, in the second invention group,For example, as shown in the fuel arrangement configuration diagram of FIG. 1, it is configured by arranging a large number of cells composed of one control rod 13 and four fuel assemblies 16 to 18 surrounding the control rod 13 in a square lattice pattern. In the reactor core, two or more kinds of initially loaded fuel assemblies having different enrichments are loaded, and in the first cycle and the second cycle, the first enriched fuel assemblies 16 and 17 having the highest enrichment are loaded. The low-reactivity cells 14 are composed of the four low-concentration fuel assemblies 18 initially loaded, and the number of the low-reactivity cells 14 into which the control rods 13 are inserted during operation is greater than in the first cycle. Run more in the second cycle.
[0044]
  The operation of the second invention group is achieved by inserting more control rods 13 than in the first cycle into the core when the surplus reaction degree of the second cycle cannot be sufficiently suppressed even by the first invention group. The excess reactivity of the second cycle can be controlled.
[0045]
  In general, since the reactivity of the fuel decreases with combustion, the reactivity value of one control rod 13 decreases with the combustion of the surrounding fuel. As a result, when initially loaded fuel of the same enrichment in the first and second cycles is used for the low-reactivity cell 14, even if the excess reactivity is the same in both cycles, the second cycle is more Many control rods 13 have to be inserted.
[0046]
  However, according to the second invention group, such a situation can be coped with, and the reactor can be operated by using an appropriate number of control rods 13 in both the first and second cycles. .
[0047]
  Next, in the third invention groupThe core of a nuclear reactor is configured by arranging a large number of cells each composed of one control rod and four fuel assemblies surrounding it in a square lattice pattern. The core is loaded with two or more types of initially loaded fuel assemblies 16 to 18 having different enrichments, and the first enriched fuel assemblies 16 and 17 with the highest enrichment are combustible at least except for the upper and lower ends. It is composed of two or more types of fuel rods containing sex poisons.
[0048]
  Further, in the core that is concentrically divided into two in the radial direction so that the number of fuel assemblies included in each region is substantially equal, the highest enrichment initial loading fuel assembly is defined as the first fuel assembly and the first fuel assembly. The second fuel assembly has a larger number of fuel rods containing flammable poisons than the fuel assembly, and the second fuel assembly is disposed more in the core inner region than in the core peripheral region.
[0049]
  Further, the second fuel assembly is disposed on the outermost periphery of the core, and the first fuel assembly is disposed on at least one of the second and third layers from the outermost periphery of the core.
[0050]
  In addition, the four fuel assemblies 16, 17 of the highest concentration initial loading constitute a high-reactivity cell 19, and four fuel assemblies 16, 17 of the highest concentration initial loading have four enrichment cells lower in concentration. The high-reactivity cell 19 that does not face the low-reactivity cell 14 composed of the initially loaded fuel assembly 18 in any of the X and Y directions includes at least the low-reactivity cell 14 in the X and Y directions. The second fuel assembly is loaded more than the high-reactivity cell 19 facing in either one.
[0051]
  As an effect of the third invention group, in the initial loading core 15a loaded with a large amount of highly enriched initially loaded fuel, the fuel assemblies 16 of two or more highly concentrated initially loaded fuels having different numbers of fuel rods containing flammable poisons. , 17 and adjusting the ratio of the number of loaded bodies, the excess reactivity of the first and second cycles can be set to an appropriate range.
[0052]
  Furthermore, by arranging a large number of fuel assemblies 17 of high enrichment initial loading with a large number of fuel rods containing flammable poisons in the core inner region, the power distribution in the radial direction of the core can be flattened. Increase. In particular, the highly enriched initial loaded fuel 16 with a small number of flammable poison-filled fuel rods is arranged on the outermost periphery of the core, and the highly enriched initially loaded fuel with a different number of flammable poison-filled fuel rods inside the core outermost periphery. It is good to arrange almost evenly.
[0053]
  Alternatively, a highly enriched initial loaded fuel assembly 17 with a large number of fuel rods containing flammable poisons is arranged on the outermost periphery of the core, and a highly enriched initial loaded fuel assembly 16 with a small number of combustible poisonous fuel rods is placed at the top of the core. The power distribution in the core radial direction of the first cycle can also be flattened by arranging the second layer or the second and third layers from the outer periphery.
[0054]
  In this case, furthermore, based on the first invention group, the highly enriched initially loaded fuel assembly 17 having a large number of flammable poison-containing fuel rods loaded on the outermost periphery of the core after the end of the first cycle is disposed in the core inner region. By replacing the fuel assembly, the excess reactivity of the second cycle can be sufficiently reduced.
[0055]
  On the other hand, when the fuel assembly 16 with a high enrichment initial load with a small number of fuel rods containing flammable poisons is arranged on the outermost periphery of the core, even if the fuel is replaced based on the first invention group, the second The excess reactivity of the cycle does not decrease much. Therefore, the initial loaded fuel to be loaded on the outermost periphery of the core may be selected depending on the excess reactivity in the second cycle.
[0056]
  In addition, since the reactivity value of the control rod 13 is large in a cell that is not adjacent to the low-reactivity cell 14, more fuel assemblies of a high enrichment initial loading with a large number of fuel rods containing flammable poisons should be loaded in this cell. Thus, the furnace shutdown margin can be improved without lowering the average enrichment of the initially loaded fuel.
[0057]
  Next, the fourth invention group is:Figure4 (a) and 4 (b) show conventional fuel assemblies 25 and 26, and FIG. 4 (c) and FIG. 4 (d) show fuel assemblies 27 and 28, respectively. Book number4The fuel assembly of the fuel rod arrangement based on the invention group is shown. In a fuel assembly formed by bundling a plurality of fuel rods in a square lattice shape and a reactor core loaded with the fuel assembly, at least one fuel rod 29 containing a combustible poison that constitutes the fuel assembly Is configured to face the fuel rod 24 containing other combustible poisons in the four directions of the X and Y directions. The fuel rods marked with G in the figure indicate the fuel rods 24 and 29 with gadolinia.
[0058]
  Further, in a reactor core loaded with two or more types of initially loaded fuel assemblies having different enrichments, the initially loaded fuel assembly having the highest enrichment is the X and at least one fuel rod containing a flammable poison. It is a fuel assembly that faces other flammable poison-containing fuel rods in four directions in the Y direction, or is formed of an outer tube and an inner tube in a double tube structure consisting of an outer tube and an inner tube. A fuel assembly having at least one water rod provided with a flammable poison in the annular portion, and the first-loaded fuel assembly having a lower enrichment than the highest-concentration first-loaded fuel assembly includes a flammable poison. It is set as the structure which contains the combustible poison which is not contained or has a reactivity lifetime shorter than the combustible poison contained in the said highest enrichment initial loading fuel assembly.
[0059]
  As an effect | action of this 4th invention group, the reactivity value of a combustible poison can be maintained for a long period of time. Figure4Are various arrangements of fuel rods containing gadolinia that are flammable poisons, and fuel rods marked with G in the figure indicate fuel rods 24 containing gadolinia. Figure4(A) is a fuel assembly 25 having a conventional fuel rod arrangement, FIG.4(B) is a fuel assembly 26 arranged according to the invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-168589 "Fuel Assembly".4(C) and figure4The fuel assemblies 27 and 28 of (d) are fuel assemblies with the fuel rod arrangement based on the fourth invention group.
[0060]
  In these four fuel assemblies 25 to 28, the number of gadolinia-containing fuel rods 24 and 29 is adjusted so that the infinite multiplication factor at the initial stage of combustion becomes equal. Figure shows the infinite multiplication factor of fuel assemblies 25 to 28 when using 7.5% concentration gadolinia5These curves are shown by curves 25a to 28a, respectively.
[0061]
  In the fourth invention group, the flammable poison-containing fuel rod 29 surrounded by the flammable poison-containing fuel rods 24 in the X and Y directions is blocked by the flammable poison surrounding the neutrons. Therefore, until the flammable poison of the enclosed fuel rod 24 containing the flammable poison burns and disappears, it does not act as a flammable poison, but disappears and acts as a flammable poison.
[0062]
  Therefore, even if the flammable poison has a low concentration, it acts as a flammable poison for a sufficiently long period of time, so that the excess reactivity of the first and second cycles can be controlled. Furthermore, by using the fuel assembly of the fourth invention group, it is possible to flatten the combustion change of the excess reactivity in the second cycle, so that the control rod operation is simplified and the operation of the nuclear reactor is facilitated. Become.
[0063]
  In general, the low enrichment fuel assembly 18 has a softer neutron spectrum than the high enrichment fuel assemblies 16 and 17 and therefore burns flammable poisons faster. Therefore, when the flammable poison concentration is set so that it disappears at the end of the second cycle in the high-concentration initial loading fuel, and this is also used for the low-concentration initial loading fuel, the combustibility of the low-concentration initial loading fuel Since the toxic poison disappears at the end of the first cycle or in the middle of the second cycle, the infinite multiplication factor decreases with combustion after the middle of the second cycle.
[0064]
  Therefore, in order to flatten the combustion change of the excess reactivity in the second cycle, the infinite multiplication factor of the highly loaded initial loaded fuel must increase with combustion in the second cycle. That is, it is desirable that the change in combustion of the highly enriched initially loaded fuel at an infinite multiplication factor is flat in the first cycle and increases in the second cycle. However, the neutral absorption effect of the burnable poisoned fuel rod generally decreases almost linearly as the surface area decreases with combustion.
[0065]
  However, in the fuel assembly in the fourth invention group, the neutron absorption effect of the combustible poison surrounding the four directions decreases with combustion, and the neutron absorption effect of the fuel rod containing the combustible poison increases. Therefore, the neutron absorption effect by the flammable poison as a whole is maintained at a constant value for a relatively long time. Therefore, the above-mentioned desirable infinite multiplication factor can be achieved by appropriately setting the number of fuel rods 24 and 29 containing gadolinia that are flammable poisons.
[0066]
  Further, the same infinite multiplication factor as described above is a double tube structure consisting of an outer tube and an inner tube, and a water rod in which an annular portion formed between the outer tube and the inner tube is filled with a flammable poison. Can also be realized in a fuel assembly having at least one. When the flammable poison has an annular structure, the surface area of the region occupied by the flammable poison hardly changes with combustion, and the density decreases.
[0067]
  However, in the case of a substance having a large neutron absorption cross section such as gadolinium, if the density is a certain level or more, the neutron absorption effect is determined only by the surface area regardless of the density. It maintains a constant value and then decreases rapidly. As a result, the desired infinite multiplication factor described above can be obtained.
[0068]
【Example】
  An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, about the same component as the above-mentioned prior art, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.
[0069]
  Figure 1 shows the core of the first embodiment6This is shown in FIG. This figure6Indicates a quarter of the core, (a) is the core 30a of the first cycle, and (b) is the core 30b of the second cycle, each of which is loaded with three types of initially loaded fuel. In the figure, the fuel assembly 31 indicated by 1 in the four corners and the fuel assembly 32 indicated by 2 are high enrichment initial loading fuels having the same enrichment 3.7% as the replacement fuel, and the fuel indicated by L Assembly 33 is a low enrichment initial loaded fuel with a enrichment of 1.6%.
[0070]
  A portion in which four fuel assemblies 31 to 33 are arranged around one control rod 13 is called a cell, and a fuel assembly 33 that is a low-concentration initial loading fuel is added to all four fuel assemblies. The arranged portion is indicated by a thick frame in the low reactivity cell 14.
[0071]
  In the first cycle core 30a, 372 high-concentration fuel assemblies 31 (1) and 316 fuel assemblies 32 (2), 668 in total, and low-concentration fuel assemblies 33, respectively. In (L), a total of 872 184 bodies are loaded, and the average enrichment of this first loaded core is 3.3%.
[0072]
  Figure7The fuel configuration diagram shows the enrichment of each initially loaded fuel assembly 31 to 33 and replacement fuel assembly 34 and the configuration of gadolinia-containing fuel rods. Figure7For example, “3.9e, 10G 7.0” in each of the regions 35 to 42 “concentration is 3.9%, and there are ten 7.0% concentration gadolinia-containing fuel rods”. “4.2e, 10G 9.0” indicates that “the enrichment is 4.2% and there are ten 9.0% concentration gadolinia fuel rods”.
[0073]
  Furthermore, all of these fuels are shown above.twenty oneA high burnup fuel having the same shape as the fuel assembly shown in FIG. 4A, and a natural uranium region not including gadolinia indicated by hatching is provided in the upper end 2 nodes and the lower end 1 node out of the total length of 24 nodes. .
[0074]
  There are two types of highly enriched fuel with different numbers of fuel rods containing gadolinia only at the bottom.7Compared with the A highly enriched fuel assembly 31 that is the first fuel assembly shown in FIG. 5A, the B enriched fuel assembly 32 that is the second fuel assembly shown in FIG. Only 39 has one fuel rod containing gadolinia.
[0075]
  Of the fuel rods containing gadolinia in the high enriched fuel assemblies 31 and 32, 10 fuel rods containing gadolinia over the entire length excluding the natural uranium regions at the upper and lower ends are shown in FIG.8Like the gadolinia-containing fuel rods 43 indicated by G in the fuel assemblies 31 and 32 in the cross-sectional view of FIG.
[0076]
  Moreover, the maximum 10% concentration gadolinia is used, and the surplus reactivity of the first cycle and the second cycle is flattened together with the arrangement of fuel rods containing gadolinia. Figure7The low enrichment fuel assembly 33 shown in (c) has two gadolinia-containing fuel rods except for the natural uranium regions at the upper and lower ends.
[0077]
  Next, a reference invention related to the low enrichment fuel assembly will be described. In this reference invention, the core of a nuclear reactor is configured by arranging a large number of cells composed of one control rod and four fuel assemblies surrounding it in a square lattice pattern, and the initial fuel is enriched. Two or more types of fuel assemblies with different Load.
[0078]
The core includes at least one low enrichment initially loaded fuel assembly that is less enriched than the most enriched initially loaded fuel assembly, except for its outermost periphery, or X, Either at least two faces of the low enrichment initially loaded fuel assembly on either side of the Y direction, or diagonally with the low enrichment initially loaded fuel assembly at at least three of the four corners of the cell Or at one of the four corners of the cell and the low-concentration initial loading at one of the four corners of the cell. It is either configuration that is diagonally adjacent to the fuel assembly.
[0079]
In addition, four of the highest enrichment initial loaded fuel assemblies 16 , 17 High-reactivity cell composed of 19 And 4 low-concentration initially loaded fuel assemblies 18 Low-reactivity cell composed of 14 In almost all the cells except the outermost periphery of the core, the high-reactivity cell 19 Is said low reactivity cell in at least one of X or Y direction 14 And the low reactivity cell 14 The low-concentration initially loaded fuel assembly is placed in the cell that does not face in either the X or Y direction. 18 Is configured to load at least one body.
[0080]
As an effect of this reference invention, a sufficient reactor shutdown margin can be secured in a core having a greatly increased average enrichment. That is, as shown in the fuel arrangement configuration diagram of the main part in FIG. 3A, in the fuel arrangement in the 6 × 6 portion of the core, the control rod at the black circle position 13 The control rod value of a is this control rod 13 It largely depends on the reactivity of the position A of the four fuels surrounding a, the position B of the eight fuels further surrounding them, and the position C of the four fuels.
[0081]
The characteristic diagram of FIG. 3 (b) shows that all fuels are highly enriched fuel assemblies. 16 (1) and highly enriched fuel assembly 17 (2) Control rod when 13 Low enrichment fuel assembly based on the control rod value of 18 It shows how the furnace shutdown margin is improved by loading (L)..
[0082]
High enrichment fuel assembly 16 , 17 One of these is a low enrichment fuel assembly 18 The effect of the replacement with one body is greatest at the fuel position A and decreases in the order of position B and position C. From FIG. 3 (b), the low enrichment fuel assembly 18 By placing one at position A, two at position B, three at position C, or one at positions B and C, the furnace shutdown margin will be improved to the same extent. You can.
[0083]
Therefore, based on this reference invention, the low enrichment fuel assembly is preferentially selected from the place effective for improving the furnace shutdown margin. 18 Low enrichment fuel assemblies by loading 18 The number of loaded bodies can be kept to a minimum. 16 , 17 The number of loaded bodies increases and the average enrichment of the first loaded fuel can be greatly increased..
[0084]
  Figure6In the core 30a of the first cycle shown in (a), 21 low-reactivity cells 14 composed of low-enrichment fuel assemblies 33 (L) are provided in all the cores.Low enrichment fuel assemblies 33 The low reactivity cell 14 In addition to being loaded in the core, it is loaded almost evenly in the core according to the reference invention..
[0085]
  All other positions are loaded with a highly enriched fuel assembly 31 (1) and a highly enriched fuel assembly 32 (2), and X and a part of the outermost peripheral cell of the core and the low reactivity cell 14 are X and Most cells adjacent in either one of the Y directions are high-reactivity cells 19 composed of only the highly enriched fuel assemblies 31 and 32.
[0086]
  As a result of this fuel arrangement, a constant excess reactivity of approximately 1.5% Δk and a sufficient reactor shutdown margin of 1% Δk or more are secured in the initial loaded core with an average enrichment of the initial loaded fuel as high as 3.3%. We were able to.
[0087]
  Figure6The core 30b of the second cycle shown in (b) does not replace the initially loaded fuel and the replacement fuel assembly 34 after the end of the first cycle, and the oblique line 23 that divides the core 30b into two concentric circles is the boundary. Thus, the fuel assemblies in the peripheral region and the fuel assemblies in the inner region are simply replaced.
[0088]
  Further, the low enrichment fuel assembly 33 loaded in the low reactivity cell 14 in the first cycle is replaced with the low enrichment fuel assembly 33 loaded in other than the low reactivity cell 14. Since the fuel loaded in the low-reactivity cell 14 does not proceed with combustion, the fuel movement can make the combustion of the low-enrichment fuel assembly 33 uniform.
[0089]
  Further, in the low enrichment fuel assembly 33 loaded in the low reactivity cell 14, the combustion of the fuel rods close to the control rod insertion side does not proceed particularly. Therefore, when the control rod 13 is pulled out at the end of the cycle, this fuel rod 13 may cause an excessive output peak.
[0090]
  This tendency becomes more prominent as the period in which the low-reactivity cell 14 is loaded is longer. Therefore, by replacing the low-concentration fuel assembly 33 loaded in the low-reactivity cell 14 as in the first embodiment, It is possible to avoid an excessive output peak from occurring at the end of the second cycle.
[0091]
  Figure9The characteristic diagram of FIG. 2 compares the excess reactivity of the second cycle indicated by the curve 44 in the first embodiment with the excess reactivity indicated by the curve 45 when no fuel transfer is performed after the end of the first cycle. It is. The reactivity at the end of the second cycle is about 0.7% Δk short of fuel transfer, and in order to operate the reactor until the end of the second cycle, the average enrichment of the initial loaded fuel is About 0.1% higher than that. In that case, however, the excess reactivity is9This is approximately 0.7% Δk higher than the curve 45 in FIG. 5, and a large excess reactivity of 2.5% Δk at the maximum.
[0092]
  However, in the first embodiment, the excess reactivity is smaller in the second cycle than in the first cycle, but the number of low-reactivity cells 14 is conversely larger in the second cycle than in the first cycle. This is because the same low enrichment initially loaded fuel assembly 33 is loaded in the low reactivity cell 14 in both the first cycle and the second cycle, so that the control rod 13 is reduced as the combustion proceeds and the fuel reactivity decreases. Due to a decrease in the reactivity value of.
[0093]
  Further, in the first cycle, the region around the core is lower than the region inside the core, with the oblique line 23 dividing the core 30a into two concentric circles so that the number of fuel assemblies contained in each region is substantially equal. The number of reactivity cells 14 is large. Thereby, the combustion of the fuel loaded in the core peripheral region is suppressed, and this is moved to the core internal region in the second cycle.9It helps to achieve the effects shown in.
[0094]
  After the end of the second cycle, all 184 low enrichment initially loaded fuel assemblies 33 are removed from the core 30b.7The replacement fuel assembly 34 having a concentration of 3.7% shown in (d) is loaded into the core, and the third cycle operation is performed. In the first and second cycles of the first embodiment, the highly enriched initial loaded fuel assemblies 31, 32 are loaded on the outermost periphery of the core, which is useful for reducing the excess reactivity.WhatIn addition, the low burnup fuel assembly 33 taken out from the core 30b after the end of the second cycle is disposed inside the core for a long period of time, thereby increasing its take-off burnup.
[0095]
  On the other hand, in the core after the third cycle, the fuel having the most advanced combustion and the decreased reactivity is loaded on the outermost periphery of the core, and the leakage of neutrons from the core is reduced to increase the reactivity of the core. Improves combustion efficiency.
[0096]
  As a result of repeated fuel exchanges, the average take-off burn-up of all 872 initially loaded fuels according to the first embodiment is about 38 GWd / t, and the mean take-off burn-up of replacement fuel 34 with a enrichment of 3.7% is 45 GWd / t. It reached 0.84 times t. Moreover, since the average take-off burnup of the conventional first-loaded fuel having an average enrichment of 2.1% is about 25 GWd / t, the average take-up burnup is increased as a result of greatly increasing the average enrichment of the first-loaded fuel according to the present invention. It could be increased by about 50%.
[0097]
  The enrichment and gadolinia for each initial fuel loaded in the core are shown in the figure.7As shown in Fig. 4, the distribution of fuel in the axial direction is shown.TenThe operation will be described using the infinite multiplication factor shown in the characteristic diagram. FigureTenThe infinite multiplication factor for each axial region in FIG.7The same reference numerals as those of the regions attached in FIG.
[0098]
  First, in the two types of A and B highly enriched fuel assemblies 31 and 32, both from above the upper end of the short fuel rod 7 based on the invention described in “Fuel Assembly” of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-58191. The number of fuel rods containing gadolinia is also increased in the lower part. In the high burnup fuel used in this embodiment, the characteristics of the infinite multiplication factor are greatly different between the upper and lower sides due to the presence of the short fuel rod 7, and the upper portion has fewer fuel rods and the lower moderator than the lower portion. The neutron absorption effect of gadolinia is larger on the upper side than on the lower side.
[0099]
  Therefore, if the number of fuel rods containing gadolinia is the same up and down, the infinite multiplication factor at the beginning of combustion is smaller in the upper part than in the lower part, and the axial output distribution becomes a lower peak. Therefore, as in the first embodiment, the number of fuel rods containing gadolinia is increased below the upper end of the short fuel rod 7, so that the infinite multiplication factor is as shown in FIG.TenAs shown by the curves 36a and 37a, the upper part is larger than the lower part, and the axial output distribution is flattened. In the B highly enriched fuel assembly 32, one gadolinia-containing fuel rod is added in the lower region 38, and the axial output distribution is further flattened.
[0100]
  Figure11The characteristic diagram of FIG. 4 shows the curve 46 of the axial output distribution during the first cycle in the first embodiment.6As a highly enriched fuel loaded in the first cycle of the core 30a shown in FIG.7Curve 47 when only the high enrichment fuel assembly 31 shown in FIG.7The curve 48 in the case of using only the B highly enriched fuel 32 shown in (b) is compared. However, for comparison,7A view directly above the natural uranium region at the lower end of the highly enriched fuel assembly 31 shown in FIG.7The region is the same as the corresponding region 40 of the B highly enriched fuel assembly 32 shown in FIG.
[0101]
  This figure11As can be seen from the curve 47, the lower peak is large, and the upper end of the short fuel rod 7 (see FIG.7If the number of fuel rods containing gadolinia in the lower region is increased by one from the upper side, the lower distortion of the output distribution cannot be corrected sufficiently. On the other hand, as indicated by the curve 48, if the number of fuel rods with lower gadolinia is further increased by 1 in all highly enriched fuel assemblies, the output at the lower portion will be too low.
[0102]
  Therefore, as in the present invention, two types of highly enriched fuels with different numbers of fuel rods containing gadolinia are prepared only in the lower region, and an appropriate axial output distribution is achieved by adjusting the ratio of the number of loaded bodies. can do.
[0103]
  Further, in both the A and B highly enriched fuel assemblies 31 and 32, the gadolinia concentration in the lower regions 38 and 39 is made larger than that in the upper portion. In general, in a boiling water reactor, the output is distorted downward, so that combustion in the lower region proceeds more than in the upper portion.
[0104]
  However, the infinite multiplication factor of highly enriched fuel increases with combustion in the second cycle, so when the upper and lower gadolinia concentrations are the same, the infinite multiplication factor is higher in the lower combustion part than in the upper part. As a result, the lower peak of the output is further emphasized. Therefore, the axial output distribution can be flattened by setting the gadolinia concentration in the lower region higher than that in the upper portion.
[0105]
  In the first embodiment, in addition to the gadolinia distribution, the enrichment of the lower regions 38, 39, 40 is made lower than that of the upper regions 36, 37, thereby flattening the axial output distribution. However, figure7In the low enrichment fuel assembly 33 shown in (c), the gadolinia content was uniform vertically. This is a figureTenAs can be seen from the curves 41a, 42a, when the number of fuel rods containing gadolinia is small, the upper end of the short fuel rod 7 (see FIG.7This is because the difference in the reactivity value of gadolinia at the top and bottom with the middle arrow) has a small effect on the axial output distribution.
[0106]
  However, in each fuel rod, the enrichment is uniform in the axial direction except for the natural uranium regions at the top and bottom of the hatched portion, and the enrichment of the short fuel rod 7 is the lowest enrichment used in the fuel assembly. Thus, a substantially axial concentration distribution is provided.
[0107]
  Here, the low enrichment fuel assembly 33 uses gadolinia with a concentration of 7.5%, and its reactivity value almost disappears in the first cycle. As a result, the infinite multiplication factor is substantially constant in the first cycle, and decreases with combustion in the second cycle. Combining this infinite multiplication factor with the infinite multiplication factor of highly enriched fuel that is almost constant in the first cycle and increases with combustion in the second cycle, the combustion change of the excess reactivity in the first and second cycles can be reduced. It can be flat.
[0108]
  In the first embodiment, in any highly enriched fuel, the gadolinia concentration is decreased in the region 34 directly below the natural uranium at the upper end to increase the infinite multiplication factor, and the output in this region is increased to increase the axial output distribution. It is flattened. In this core, most of the fuel is highly enriched fuel, and its infinite multiplication factor isTenAs in curve 36a, the first cycle is almost constant with combustion, and the second cycle is rising with combustion.
[0109]
  Therefore, if the gadolinia concentration is the same, the infinite multiplication factor is lower in the region 35 in which combustion does not proceed near the upper end in the second cycle compared to the region 36 in which combustion proceeds. As a result, in the third cycle, the infinite multiplication factor of the region 35 where the combustion has not progressed becomes larger than the region 36 which has already exceeded the peak of the infinite multiplication factor due to the progress of combustion, and an output peak is generated in this region 35. become. Therefore, in this embodiment, the gadolinia concentration in the region 35 is lowered, and the combustion is promoted by increasing the infinite multiplication factor particularly in the second cycle.
[0110]
  Figure12The characteristic diagram is the axial output distribution at the end of the third cycle, but the curve 49 in the first embodiment has a flatter output distribution than the curve 50 when the gadolinia concentration in the region 34 is the same as that in the region 36. Has been. Furthermore, from the result of lowering the gadolinia concentration, it is possible to reduce the unburned residue of gadolinia at the end of the second cycle causing the loss of reactivity, thereby obtaining the reactivity gain.
[0111]
  By the way, in the replacement fuel assembly 34, an invention in which the concentration of the flammable poison immediately below the natural uranium region at the upper end is made lower than the concentration of the flammable poison below it is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-240193 "Fuel Assembly" And nuclear reactors ". On the other hand, in the present invention, the difference between the flammable poison concentration in the region immediately below the natural uranium at the upper end and the flammable poison concentration below it is made larger than that of the replacement fuel assembly 34 in the initial loaded fuel. It is a feature.
[0112]
  The difference in gadolinia concentration in the first embodiment is 1% for the replacement fuel 34, whereas it is 2% for the B high enrichment initially loaded fuel assembly 32. In this embodiment, the gadolinia concentration at the two nodes is lowered as the region 35. However, if the gadolinia concentration is lowered over three nodes or more, an output peak is generated in this region at the end of the first cycle. Is appropriate.
[0113]
  Further, in the first embodiment, the enrichment of the region 35 is set lower than that of the region 36 to avoid the deterioration of the furnace shutdown margin due to the increase of the infinite multiplication factor of the region 35 at the end of the second cycle. However, the power peak in this region when the furnace is shut down is not as large as the equilibrium cycle in the second cycle where the combustion is not progressing so much, so that it is possible to satisfy the design criteria without reducing the enrichment.
[0114]
  Further, since the output of the region directly above the natural uranium at the lower end is also low, the number and concentration of gadolinia-containing fuel rods in this region 40 in the B high enrichment fuel assembly 32 are made smaller than the region 39 above it and increased infinitely. The magnification is increased, the output in the region 40 is increased, and the axial output distribution is flattened.
[0115]
  In addition, the axial output distribution in the middle of the third cycle13As can be seen from the characteristic diagram, the curve 51 of the first embodiment has a flatter output distribution than the curve 52 when the gadolinia content of the region 40 is the same as that of the region 39. In the first embodiment, 10 high-concentration fuel assemblies 32 have 10 gadolinia-containing fuel rods, but 10 high-concentration fuel assemblies 31 and 11 high-concentration fuel assemblies 32 have 11 It may be a book.
[0116]
  Figure 2 shows the second embodiment.14The fuel assembly shown in the sectional view of FIG. This fuel assembly 53 has a double tube structure consisting of an outer tube 54 and an inner tube 55 in the center of a plurality of bundled fuel rods, and an annular portion 56 sandwiched between them, for example, a cermet of gadolinia and zirconium, or Two water rods 57 containing a flammable poison such as metal gadolinium are provided.
[0117]
  However, five fuel rods 43 containing gadolinia indicated by G are used in the fuel rods, and one of them contains gadolinia only below the upper end of the short fuel rod 7.
[0118]
  As an example of the above configuration, when a cermet containing gadolinia that is a combustible poison with a concentration of 40% is used in the annular portion 56 of the water rod 57 containing the combustible poison,7The infinite multiplication factor in the area corresponding to the lower area 37 in (a) is illustrated.15Is shown in the characteristic diagram.
[0119]
  The infinite multiplication factor in the fuel assembly 53 is relatively long as shown by the curve 59, whereas the gadolinia contained in the water rod 57 is relatively long as shown by the curve 59, whereas the infinite multiplication factor curve 58 does not contain any flammable poison. Maintains a constant neutron absorption effect for a while and then decreases rapidly. However, since five fuel rods 43 containing 7% concentration of gadolinia are arranged, a good infinite multiplication factor as shown by the curve 60 is achieved.
[0120]
  In the fuel assembly 53, when the gadolinia concentration is distributed in the axial direction as in the first embodiment, the fuel assembly 53 is provided not in the gadolinia contained in the fuel rod 43 but in the annular portion 56 of the water rod 57. What is necessary is just to distribute gadolinia density.
[0121]
  As a result, the change in combustion at an infinite multiplication factor of the high-concentration initial loaded fuel, which is desirable for flattening the combustion change in the excess reactivity in the first cycle and the second cycle in the reactor core, that is, flat in the first cycle. Yes, in order to achieve an infinite multiplication factor that increases in the second cycle,8As shown in FIG. 5, a large number of gadolinia-containing fuel rods 43 are used in a cross-like arrangement, but this number can be reduced in the second embodiment.
[0122]
  Figure 3 shows the third example.16The fuel assembly shown in FIG. Ie, figure6The highly enriched initial loaded fuel assembly loaded in the cores 30a and 30b shown in Fig.16(A) C high enrichment initial loading fuel assembly 61 as the first fuel assembly, and FIG.16It is assumed that D is a highly enriched initially loaded fuel assembly 62 which is the second fuel assembly of (b).
[0123]
  This fuel assembly is shown in FIG.7The A and B high enrichment fuel assemblies 31 and 32 shown in (a) and (b) are obtained by deleting the natural uranium regions at the upper and lower ends and expanding the internal enrichment region. The average enrichment is 4.1. %.
[0124]
  When increasing the average enrichment in the fuel assembly, the enrichment of the internal enrichment region may be increased without changing the natural uranium regions arranged at the upper and lower ends. However, the configuration is as in the third embodiment. Thus, the axial output distribution can be easily flattened.
[0125]
  In addition, the length of the natural uranium region at the upper and lower ends may be made shorter than that of the replacement fuel assembly 34, so that the enrichment of the internal enrichment region may be slightly increased. Figure16In the C and D highly enriched fuel assemblies 61 and 62 shown in FIG. 3, the axial power distribution can be further flattened by further reducing the flammable poison content at the upper and lower ends.
[0126]
  Or figure7In the core 30a of the first cycle shown in (a), only the highly enriched initially loaded fuel arranged on the outermost periphery of the core is shown in the figure.16It may be replaced with the C highly enriched fuel assembly 61 of (a).
[0127]
  When high-concentration initially loaded fuel with high enrichment is loaded inside the core, there is concern about increased radial output peaking and deterioration of reactor shutdown margin, but high-concentration fuel assemblies are loaded on the outermost periphery of the core. However, such a problem does not occur, but rather has a favorable result that the radial output peaking is flattened.
[0128]
  According to this third embodiment, the average take-off burnup of the initially loaded fuel in the first embodiment is about 38 GWd / t, of which the low enrichment initially loaded fuel assembly 33 is about 20 GWd / t, A, B high enrichment initial loaded fuel assemblies 16 and 17 were about 42 GWd / t. That is, the average take-off burnup of the fuel assemblies 16 and 17 with high enrichment A and B initially loaded is smaller than the average take-off burnup 45 GWd / t of the replacement fuel assembly 34 having the same enrichment.
[0129]
  This is because all replacement fuel assemblies 34 are loaded into the core during the fourth or fifth cycle, whereas some highly enriched initial loaded fuel is removed from the core after three cycles. Because.
[0130]
  Therefore, in consideration of the fact that the soundness of the fuel depends not on the enrichment but on the extracted combustion degree, the enrichment of the C and D high enrichment initial loaded fuel assemblies 61 and 62 of the third embodiment is further increased. Further, the economy can be further improved by increasing the take-off combustion degree to the level of the replacement fuel assembly 34.
[0131]
  Fig. 4 shows the fourth embodiment.17It is shown in the fuel arrangement configuration diagram of the core. The core 63 in the first cycle is loaded with three types of initially loaded fuel. The fuel assemblies indicated by 1 or 2 in the four corners in the figure are shown in the figure.18E and F high enrichment initial loading fuel assemblies 64 and 65 (the same enrichment as the replacement fuel assembly 34) shown in the fuel configuration diagrams (a) and (b) of FIG. Same figure7This is a low enrichment initial loaded fuel assembly 33 having a enrichment of 1.6% shown in (c).
[0132]
  The core 63 has 384 high-enrichment fuel assemblies 64 (1) and F high-enrichment fuel assemblies 65.
(2) is a total of 684 bodies, with a total of 684 low-enriched fuel assemblies 33 (L), a total of 872 bodies. In the third embodiment, 45 low-reactivity cells 14 are provided, and 180 low-reactivity fuel assemblies 33 are loaded in the low-reactivity cells 14 and 8 in the region around the core.
[0133]
  There are two types of highly enriched fuel with different numbers of fuel rods containing gadolinia.18The first fuel assembly shown in (a), E high enrichment fuel assembly 64, is a gadolinia containing fuel rod.18There are two more than the F highly enriched fuel assemblies 65 which are the second fuel assemblies shown in FIG.
[0134]
  In the first embodiment described above, two types of A and B highly enriched fuel assemblies 31 and 32 having the same number of fuel rods containing gadolinia except for a part of the lower part are used, and an appropriate surplus is obtained. The reactivity could be achieved.
[0135]
  However, for exampleTenAs can be seen from the comparison between curves 39a and 40a, the reactivity value of one fuel rod with gadolinia is 3 to 4% Δk. For example, the excess reactivity is adjusted in the core with a different average enrichment of the initial loaded fuel. When it is necessary to do so, it is difficult to cope with only one type of highly enriched fuel.
[0136]
  In such a case, as in the fourth embodiment, two types of E and F highly enriched initial loaded fuel assemblies 64 and 65 with different gadolinia-containing fuel rods are prepared, and the number of loaded bodies is adjusted. By doing so, it becomes possible to easily set the excess reactivity within an appropriate range.
[0137]
  Further, in the fourth embodiment, since the cell 66 not adjacent to the low reactivity cell 14 has a higher control rod value than the adjacent cell 67, the cell 66 not adjacent to the low reactivity cell 14 is replaced by the number of fuel rods containing gadolinia. A high E enrichment fuel assembly 64 (1) with many E and high F enrichment fuel assembly 65 (2) with a small number of fuel rods containing gadolinia is composed of one to improve the furnace shutdown margin. .
[0138]
  In addition, an E highly enriched fuel assembly 65 with a large number of fuel rods containing gadolinia on the outermost periphery of the core
In addition to loading (1), in the second layer from the outermost periphery of the core, an F high enrichment fuel assembly 65 (2) with a small number of fuel rods containing gadolinia is loaded to reduce core radial output peaking.
[0139]
  In the fourth embodiment, by replacing the E highly enriched fuel assembly 64 having a large number of gadolinia-containing fuel rods loaded on the outermost periphery of the core with the fuel assembly in the core inner region after the end of the first cycle, The excess reactivity of the second cycle is sufficiently controlled. Note that, when loaded at an equivalent position in the core, the fuel with a smaller number of gadolinia-containing fuel rods tends to increase the axial output peaking. Therefore, in the fourth embodiment, gadolinia is contained only in the lower part. One more fuel rod is provided in the F high enrichment fuel assembly 65.
[0140]
  However, in addition to the F highly enriched fuel assembly 65, the E highly enriched fuel assembly 64 loaded on the outermost periphery of the core in the first cycle is increased by one fuel rod containing gadolinia only at the bottom. Well. In this case, surplus reactivity can be sufficiently reduced in the second cycle by moving the fuel after the end of the first cycle, and the axial output distribution can be flattened.
[0141]
  In the fourth embodiment, 45 low-reactivity cells 14 are provided, and the core 63 is concentrically divided into two, and the oblique line 23 that divides the core 63 into a boundary serves as a boundary to the core peripheral region rather than the low-reactivity cell 14. In the low reactivity cell 14, more control rods 13 are inserted to perform the first cycle operation.
[0142]
  After the end of the first cycle, the highly enriched fuel assembly in the core peripheral region and the highly enriched fuel assembly in the core inner region are interchanged to configure the second cycle core. Further, in the second cycle, the control rod 13 is inserted into the low reactivity cell 14 composed of the low enrichment initial loaded fuel assembly 33 loaded in the low reactivity cell 14 in which the control rod 13 was not inserted in the first cycle. Insert and operate.
[0143]
  As a result, the excess reactivity control and combustion efficiency in the second cycle are improved, and the output peaking in the fuel rod 13 on the control rod insertion side of the low enrichment fuel assembly 33 at the end of the second cycle is increased. can avoid.
[0144]
  The fifth embodiment is shown in FIG.19As shown in the fuel arrangement configuration diagram, the fuel arrangement of the core 68 in the first cycle is composed of three types of initially loaded fuel assemblies with different enrichments indicated by H, M, and L in the four corners, respectively. 480 high enrichment fuel assemblies 69 (H) with an average concentration of 4.1%, 208 medium enrichment fuel assemblies 70 (M) with an average concentration of 2.8%, low enrichment fuel with an average enrichment of 1.6% There are 184 assemblies 33 (L), a total of 872 units loaded, and the average enrichment of the first loaded fuel is 3.3%.
[0145]
  In the first embodiment and the like described above, if the first embodiment is taken as an example, two types of initially loaded fuels, high enrichment fuel assemblies 31, 32 and low enrichment fuel assembly 33, are used. The enriched fuel assemblies 33 are all removed after the second cycle, while the highly enriched fuel assemblies 31 and 32 are removed in the third to sixth cycles.
[0146]
  Therefore, even if the enrichment of some highly enriched fuel assemblies 61, 62 is increased as in the third embodiment, what is removed from the core after the end of the third cycle still contains many fissionable materials. Leave it behind.
  Therefore, in the fifth embodiment, 216 bodies taken out from the core after the end of the third cycle are set as intermediate enrichment.
[0147]
  Thereby, since the remaining amount of fissile material at the time of extraction can be reduced, nuclear fuel resources can be used effectively. However, since the average enrichment of the initially loaded fuel is lowered in this state, the highly enriched fuel assembly 69 is used in the fifth embodiment.
The enrichment of (H) is 4.1%, which is higher than 3.7% of the replacement fuel assembly 34.
[0148]
  Further, the low enrichment fuel assembly 33 (L) is loaded in 37 low-reactivity cells 14 and also in the core peripheral region to improve the reactor shutdown margin. Medium enrichment fuel assemblies 70 (M), except for the low-reactivity cells 14 and some of the cells around the core, are placed in each cell 71 to reduce the output peak and the outermost periphery of the core It is also arranged.
[0149]
  As already mentioned, when the enrichment is low, the neutron spectrum becomes soft and the reactivity life of the flammable poison is shortened, so gadolinia contained in the medium enrichment fuel assembly 70 is a highly enriched fuel assembly. Disappears faster than gadolinia contained in body 69. Therefore, in the fifth embodiment, the intermediate enrichment fuel assembly 70 is arranged on the outermost periphery of the core to suppress the combustion, thereby reducing the excess reactivity of the second cycle.
[0150]
  Figure19Then, although the intermediate enrichment fuel assembly 70 is disposed on the outermost periphery of the core, the low enrichment fuel assembly 33 or the high enrichment fuel assembly 69 may be disposed. Furthermore, as the types of enrichment of the initially loaded fuel, two types are used in the first to fourth embodiments, and three types are used in the fifth embodiment.20As shown in (4), it is also possible to configure the fuel tanks with four initial enrichment fuel assemblies of high enrichment fuel assemblies 2 to 4 and low enrichment fuel assembly 5.
[0151]
  In this case, as the fuel loaded to improve the low reactivity cell 14 and the furnace shutdown margin, the lowest enriched fuel assembly 5 or the first loaded fuel assembly 4 having the second lowest enrichment can be used. . In addition, as the initial loaded fuel arranged on the outermost periphery of the core in the first cycle, the lowest enriched fuel assembly 5, the second lowest enriched fuel assembly 4, the third lowest enriched fuel assembly 3 Alternatively, the highest enrichment fuel assembly 2 or a combination of these may be considered.
[0152]
  As a sixth embodiment, a low-reactivity cell 14 or a low-reactivity fuel may be used as a fuel to be loaded to improve the furnace shutdown margin.7Instead of the low enrichment fuel assembly 33 shown in FIG.7A third highly enriched fuel assembly having a larger number of gadolinia-containing fuel rods and a higher gadolinia concentration than the A and B highly enriched fuel assemblies 31, 32 shown in (a) and (b) is used.
[0153]
  That is, in the first to fifth embodiments described above, the initially loaded fuel assembly having a low enrichment is arranged to improve the low-reactivity cell 14 and the furnace shutdown margin. However, the fuel loaded to improve the low-reactivity cell 14 and the furnace shutdown margin may be any low-reactivity fuel, and need not necessarily be the low-concentration fuel assembly 33.
[0154]
  Therefore, if this third highly enriched fuel assembly is used, the first highly enriched fuel assembly 31 and the B highly enriched fuel assembly 32 can be compared from the beginning of the first cycle to the end of the second cycle. Since the reactivity is sufficiently low during the combustion period, it can be used as a low reactivity fuel assembly for improving the low reactivity cell 14 and the furnace shutdown margin.
[0155]
  In this case, since the average enrichment of the initially loaded fuel can be further increased as compared with the first embodiment using the low enriched fuel assembly 33, the removal combustion degree of the initially loaded fuel is increased, and the economy The effect that property improves is acquired.
[0156]
【The invention's effect】
  As described above, according to the present invention, in the reactor core in which the average enrichment of the initially loaded fuel is significantly increased, the excess reactivity of the first cycle and the second cycle is controlled within an appropriate range, and sufficient reactor shutdown margin is provided. Therefore, the fuel economy is greatly improved by increasing the removal combustion degree of the initially loaded fuel.
[0157]
  In addition, since the fuel is not changed after the first cycle is completed, the periodic inspection process of the reactor can be simplified, and the periodic inspection period in the nuclear power plant can be shortened. Furthermore, there is an effect that the soundness of the fuel can be maintained by avoiding excessive concentration of the flammable poison.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a fuel arrangement configuration diagram of a ¼ core according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) shows a first cycle and (b) shows a second cycle.
FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing the maximum values of the average enrichment and the excess reactivity of the initially loaded fuel in the first cycle of one embodiment according to the present invention.
[Fig. 3]FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a low enrichment fuel loading according to an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a configuration diagram of control rods and fuel arrangement in a main part of the core, and (b) is a characteristic of the number of low enrichment fuel loaded bodies and a reactor stop margin Figure.
[Figure4FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the arrangement of various gadolinia-containing fuel rods in a fuel assembly, in which (a) and (b) show prior art examples, and (c) and (d) show one embodiment of the present invention.
[Figure5A characteristic diagram showing the combustion change at an infinite multiplication factor with respect to the arrangement of the fuel rods containing gadolinia in the fuel assembly.
[Figure6FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the fuel arrangement of a quarter core according to the first embodiment of the present invention, where (a) shows the first cycle and (b) shows the second cycle.
[Figure7The fuel composition diagram of the axial enrichment and gadolinia distribution of the first loaded fuel assembly of the first embodiment according to the present invention, (a) A high enrichment fuel assembly, (b) B high enrichment fuel An assembly, (c) shows a low enrichment fuel assembly, and (d) shows a replacement fuel assembly.
[Figure8A sectional view showing the fuel rod arrangement of the fuel assembly of the first embodiment according to the present invention.
[Figure9The characteristic diagram showing the excess reactivity of the second cycle in the core of the first embodiment according to the present invention.
[Figure10A characteristic diagram showing a combustion change at an infinite multiplication factor in each axial section of the initially loaded fuel assembly according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
[Figure11An axial power distribution characteristic diagram in the middle of the first cycle in the core of the first embodiment according to the present invention.
[Figure12An axial power distribution characteristic diagram at the end of the third cycle in the core of the first embodiment according to the present invention.
[Figure13An axial power distribution characteristic diagram in the middle of the third cycle in the core of the first embodiment according to the present invention.
[Figure14A fuel rod arrangement sectional view of a fuel assembly according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
[Figure15A characteristic diagram showing a combustion change at an infinite multiplication factor of the fuel assembly of the second embodiment according to the present invention.
[Figure16The fuel composition diagram of the axial enrichment and gadolinia distribution of the initially loaded fuel assembly according to the third embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a C highly enriched fuel assembly and (b) is a D highly enriched fuel. Indicates an aggregate.
[Figure17The fuel arrangement configuration diagram of the first cycle in the ¼ core of the fourth embodiment according to the present invention.
[Figure18The fuel composition diagram of the axial enrichment and gadolinia distribution of the initially loaded fuel assembly of the fourth embodiment according to the present invention, (a) E high enrichment fuel assembly, (b) F high enrichment fuel Indicates an aggregate.
[Figure19The fuel arrangement configuration diagram of the first cycle in the quarter core of the fifth embodiment according to the present invention.
[Figure20A fuel arrangement configuration diagram of the first cycle in a quarter core of a conventional nuclear reactor.
[Figure21A sectional view of a fuel assembly having a single fuel rod, wherein (a) is a longitudinal section, (b) is a section taken along the line bb of (a), and (c) is a view taken along the line cc of (a). A cross section is shown.
[Explanation of symbols]
  1,63,68 ... core, 2,16,17,25-28,31,32,53,61,62,64,65,69 ... high burnup fuel assembly, 3,70 ... medium burnup fuel set 4,5,18,33 ... low burnup fuel assembly, 6 ... long fuel rod, 7 ... short fuel rod, 8 ... water rod, 9 ... spacer, 10 ... upper tie plate, 11 ... lower type Rate, 12 ... Channel box, 13, 13a ... Control rod, 14 ... Low reactivity cell, 15a, 30a ... First cycle core, 15b, 30b ... Second cycle core, 19 ... High reactivity cell, 20- 22, 25a to 28a, 35a to 42a, 44 to 52, 58 to 60 ... curve, 23 ... hatched (boundary), 24, 29,43 ... fuel rod with gadolinia, 34 ... replacement fuel assembly, 35 to 42 ... Combustion zone, 54 ... outer tube, 55 ... inner tube, 56 ... annular part, 57 ... water rod with flammable poison, 66 ... cell not adjacent to low-reactivity cell, 67 ... cell adjacent to low-reactivity cell, 71 …cell.

Claims (2)

A square lattice of a plurality of first group fuel rods containing nuclear fuel material and no flammable poison, a plurality of second group fuel rods containing nuclear fuel material and a flammable poison, and one or more water rods In at least a part of the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction, at least one of the second group of fuel rods A is arranged in the four directions of the X and Y directions . It faces the second group of fuel rods B, faces the first group of fuel rods in at least one diagonal direction oblique to the X or Y direction, and all the second group of fuel rods B are X Alternatively, the fuel assembly faces the first group of fuel rods in at least one of the Y directions . In the core of two or more different first loading fuel assemblies of enrichment is loaded reactor, the initial loading fuel assemblies the highest enrichment Ri fuel assemblies der of claim 1, wherein, moreover the highest The initially loaded fuel assembly that is less enriched than the enriched initially loaded fuel assembly does not contain a flammable poison or is more reactive than the flammable poison contained in the highest enriched initially loaded fuel assembly A reactor core characterized by containing a flammable poison with a short life.

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