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JP3769982B2 - Rare earth iron nitrogen alloy powder and method for producing the same - Google Patents
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JP3769982B2 - Rare earth iron nitrogen alloy powder and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Rare earth iron nitrogen alloy powder and method for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3769982B2
JP3769982B2 JP14517599A JP14517599A JP3769982B2 JP 3769982 B2 JP3769982 B2 JP 3769982B2 JP 14517599 A JP14517599 A JP 14517599A JP 14517599 A JP14517599 A JP 14517599A JP 3769982 B2 JP3769982 B2 JP 3769982B2
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rare earth
alloy powder
nitrogen
iron
drying
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JP2000336407A (en
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高弘 冨本
敬治 一ノ宮
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Nichia Corp
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Nichia Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/059Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and Va elements, e.g. Sm2Fe17N2

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、希土類鉄窒素系合金粉末による磁性材料、特に安定性の高い保磁力を有する磁性材料とその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
希土類鉄窒素系合金粉末は、希土類金属R−鉄Fe合金に窒素Nを吸収させた窒化物系の粉末の磁性材料で、磁性体の粉末は、樹脂等により固形化されたり、焼結されたりして、永久磁石として利用される。この材料は、残留磁化とさらに保磁力が共に大きく、その用途が注目されている。
【0003】
希土類鉄窒素系合金の製造方法として、希土類金属酸化物粉末と金属鉄ないし酸化鉄の粉末の混合粉にCa粒を混合し、不活性雰囲気中で加熱することにより、Caによりこれら酸化物粉末を還元して、希土類金属−鉄合金粉末にし、これを窒化することにより、希土類鉄窒素系合金を得る方法がある(例えば、特開平6−81010号公報)。
【0004】
このようにして得られた磁性粉末は、例えば、合成樹脂等のバインダと混練され成形されるが、成形硬化過程で磁化することにより、所望の形状の強磁性ボンド磁石として利用される。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
これらの製造方法で得られた希土類鉄窒素系合金粉末は、一般的に高い残留磁化と高い保磁力とを備えているが、製造方法に依存し、その製造ロットによっては、期待されるほどにはその磁気特性が高くなく、特に、保磁力が低くそのバラツキが大きくなることがあった。
【0006】
本発明は、上述したように、永久磁石に使用可能な磁性粉末に関して、保磁力が安定して高く、そのバラツキが小さい希土類鉄窒素系合金粉末を提供することを目的としている。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、希土類鉄窒素系合金粉末の保磁力の低下が、製造工程中の乾燥工程における条件に依存するという知見に基づくものである。すなわち、本発明の希土類鉄窒素系合金粉末の製造方法は、希土類酸化物と鉄及び/又は酸化鉄の混合物をCaにより還元拡散し、窒化を行い、該窒化物を水と接触させて崩壊し、水洗し、乾燥する希土類鉄窒素系合金粉末の製造方法において、前記乾燥は、減圧状態で100℃〜240℃以下の温度で加熱する乾燥を、第一段階の乾燥、本乾燥の二段階に分けて行うことを特徴とする。
【0008】
本発明において、前記減圧状態は乾燥機内を10Torr以下の気圧に保つように排気することが好ましく、より好ましくは3Torr以下である。
【0009】
このようにして得られる本発明の希土類鉄窒素系合金粉末は、その残留水分濃度が660ppm以下であることを特徴とする。
【0010】
また、このようにして得られる本発明の希土類窒素系合金粉末は、平均粒径が1〜5μmの場合、その保磁力が、13.8kOe以上の値を示すことを特徴とする。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態では、希土類金属−鉄−窒素系磁性粉末が、原子%で、3〜30%の希土類金属と、5〜15%のNと、残部Fe及び不可避的不純物とからなるものが使用される。
【0012】
上記の磁性体の粉末の主たる成分は、上記の式(1)を再掲すると、
一般式RxFe100-x-yy・・・・(1)
で表される希土類金属Rと鉄Feと窒素Nからなる窒化物であり、希土類金属Rのx値は、原子%xは、3〜30%の範囲に、Nの原子%yは、5〜15(原子%)の範囲に、残部が主としてFeとされる。
【0013】
ここに、希土類金属Rを3〜30原子%と規定するのは、3原子%未満では、α−Fe相が分離して窒化物の保磁力が低下し、実用的な磁石ではなくなり、30原子%を越えると、希土類金属が析出し、合金粉末が大気中で不安定になり、残留磁化が低下するからである。他方、窒素Nを5〜15(原子%)の範囲と規定するのは、3原子%未満では、ほとんど保磁力が発現せず、15原子%を越えると希土類金属、鉄及びアルカリ金属自体の窒化物が生成するからである。
【0014】
本発明の希土類鉄窒素合金粉末において、希土類金属元素Rとしては、Ce、Pr、Nd、Smが利用できるが、特に、Smが磁性体の飽和磁化、磁気異方性を大きくし、永久磁石とするために好ましいので採用される。この場合、特に、上記(1)の一般式SmxFe100-x-yNにおいて、SmのxとNのyは原子%を表して、xは8.1〜10.0、yは13.5〜13.9の範囲が特に好ましい。
【0015】
合金粉末の平均粒径は、1〜5μmの範囲が好ましい。これより粗粒であると、保磁力が5kOe以下となり、他方、これより細粒であると、酸化しやすく式(1)の組成を保持するのが難しい。
【0016】
<原料の調製>本発明における重要な特徴は、窒化を行った後に得られる合金ブロックを水に浸漬させて崩壊し、それを洗浄する工程を経過することである。この水洗までに合金粉末は形成されているが、これを磁性粉末として利用するためには、乾燥工程を経る必要がある。
【0017】
希土類鉄窒素系合金粉末の原料として、構成元素の希土類は酸化物を使用し、鉄原料として鉄及び/又は酸化鉄を使用する。あるいはこれらの元素を酸に溶解し、水酸化物等の不溶性の塩による沈殿反応を利用して原料を調製するような方法も用いることも可能である。所望の比率に混合して得た原料を還元するには、希土類元素以外は水素等による還元性ガスを使用して還元するが、希土類元素は水素により還元され得ないので、従来からの還元拡散法を適用する。
【0018】
本発明において、還元拡散反応により得られる合金ブロックに対し、引き続き窒化処理を行う。この窒化の後もその形態は合金ブロックのままである。合金ブロック中には反応に使用されたCaの酸化物、窒化Ca、あるいは未反応のCa金属等が含まれ、合金ブロックを水へ浸漬することにより崩壊し、余剰のCa成分は水と反応して水酸化物に変化する。水洗工程によりこの水酸化物等の不純物を取り除く。
【0019】
<乾燥工程>
本発明の大きな特徴は本工程にある。先ず、窒化まで行い水洗された合金粉末粒子懸濁物を固液分離し乾燥する。希土類鉄窒素系合金粉末は、窒化されている点で、SmCo系等希土類遷移金属系の合金粉末に比較して耐食性が優れているが、乾燥後の水の残留はできるだけ少ない方がよい。それは残留水分による酸化の問題があるからである。
【0020】
本発明者は、希土類鉄窒素系合金粉末の代表としてSm2Fe173系合金粉末について、乾燥について多くの試験を行った。図1に真空度0.02Torrにおける乾燥温度と合金粉末に残留する水分量の関係をプロットした。図1に示すように、50℃における乾燥は1800ppmの水分が残留している。これより高温で乾燥することで残留水分量は急激に減少し、100℃では660ppmまで低下している。これより高温における乾燥により残留水分量は減少するが、それほど大きな低下はない。200℃において550ppm、280℃において500ppm程度である。これらの乾燥時間はすべて3時間である。尚、ここで乾燥時間は0.02Torrの減圧状態で所定の温度まで加熱してからの時間である。
【0021】
酸化の問題がある場合、酸化反応を抑制する目的で、通常減圧下において低温で乾燥する方が好ましいと推定される。そこで、各温度で乾燥した合金粉末の酸化の程度を残留酸素濃度により測定した。結果を図2に示す。残留酸素濃度は50℃のような比較的低温での乾燥した試料が予想に反して残留酸素量が多く、250℃の様な高温で乾燥したような試料の残留酸素濃度がむしろ低くなっているが、250℃より高温では急激に高くなる。これは乾燥温度が高すぎるために、乾燥時に急激な酸化が起きているためである。
【0022】
また、図3に乾燥温度と得られた合金粉末による磁気特性の内の特に保磁力の関係をプロットした。この図から、50℃の低温で乾燥した試料の保磁力は9.2kOeと小さいが、100℃で乾燥したものは13.8kOeと大きく改善されている。230℃において14.9kOeと最高の保磁力を示す。しかし、更に乾燥温度を上昇させると保磁力は急速に低下し、280℃における保磁力は2.1kOeまで低下している。
【0023】
これらから磁気特性は乾燥温度に大きく依存し、保磁力の低下の主原因は残留酸素濃度に大きく関係することが理解される。250℃における残留酸素濃度は0.21wt%と低いのに対し、保磁力は10.6kOeと、240℃の時の14.3kOeに比べると著しく低下していることの説明は酸素濃度だけではできない。何か他の要因が作用していると推定できるが不明である。従って、本発明において乾燥温度は100℃以上240℃以下の温度で乾燥することが磁気特性の特に保磁力の改善に効果がある。
【0024】
【実施例】
[実施例1]
純度99.9%で平均粒径1.2μmの酸化サマリウムSm23と、純度99.9で平均粒径1.3μmの酸化鉄Fe23とを、湿式ボールミルにより1時間の混合を行った。
【0025】
酸化鉄の予備還元過程として、上記の混合原料を水素気流中で、600℃の温度に保持して、酸化鉄の一部を鉄に還元した。酸化鉄の酸素除去率は71%であった。
【0026】
Ca還元過程は、予備還元後の混合原料にCa粒を、混合原料中の酸化物の酸素量の2倍量を混合し、このような混合原料を真空加熱可能な容器に装入し、予め真空排気した後、Arガス気流中に1100℃に昇温し3時間加熱保持して、Ca還元処理を行い、容器内で50℃まで冷却した。次いで、窒化過程は、Ca還元後の粉末を容器内で真空排気後に、窒素ガスを流通させて、450℃に加熱して20時間保持して窒化処理を行い、その後冷却した。
【0027】
得られた窒化生成物は、多孔質の塊状であるが、イオン交換水中で容易に崩壊し粉化する。洗浄過程においては、この崩壊を利用して、生成物中のCaや窒化Ca、未反応のCa等の副生成物が、イオン交換水中で水酸化カルシウムの形で除去される。デカンテーションを数回繰り返し、目的の磁性体粉末を沈殿物として回収した。さらに、副生成物を完全に除くために、pH4.5に調製した酢酸水溶液中でデカンテーションを行い、水洗した。スラリー状の沈殿物は、遠心分離し、アルコールで置換して分離ケーキを得た。
【0028】
得られた分離ケーキを先ず、第一段階の乾燥を行った。この乾燥により、水分の大半をほぼ均一に除去することができ、そのことで本乾燥においての高乾燥条件を達成することが可能となる。分離ケーキを振動真空乾燥機に入れ、真空ポンプで乾燥機内を減圧し、ケーキを60Hzで揺さぶり振動した。乾燥機内をジャケット加熱により100℃まで昇温し、1.5時間に均一加熱した。このときの乾燥機内の内部圧は2.9Torrを示した。
【0029】
第一段階の乾燥が終了した後、ジャケットに冷却水を流し1.5時間かけて常温まで冷却した。次に窒素ガスを乾燥機内に導入して乾燥機内を大気圧まで復圧した。得られた第一段階乾燥物を取り出し、トレイに厚さ30mm程度になるように充填しそれを棚段式の真空乾燥機内に装填した。
【0030】
棚段乾燥機を常温で0.03Torrまで真空排気し、次にこの内部圧を維持しながら230℃まで昇温した。そしてこの状態で3時間保持した。その後は、加熱を止め、自然冷却を行い、乾燥機内が常温になると真空ポンプを止め、復圧して乾燥物を取り出した。
【0031】
このようにして得られた強磁性粉末は、平均粒径3.2μmの粒のそろった粒子であった。化学分析によれば、Sm=23.3%、Fe=72.9%、N=3.17%、Ca=0.01%、であり、Sm9.2Fe77.4513.35で表すことができる。残留水分は500ppm、残留酸素(O)濃度は0.23wt%、保磁力は14.9kOeであった。残留水分は500ppm、残留酸素(O)濃度は0.23wt%、残留磁化13.5kG、保磁力は14.9kOeであった。
【0032】
[実施例2]
第一段階の乾燥を実施例1と同様に行った後、冷却せずに引き続き同じ容器内に第一段階乾燥品を残したまま、振動しながら高真空ポンプに切り替えて、機内を0.03Torrまで真空排気行い、次にジャケットの加熱を電熱ヒーター加熱に切り替え乾燥機内の温度を230℃まで昇温した。そしてこの状態で3時間保持した。その後は、加熱を止め、自然冷却を行い、乾燥機内が常温になると真空ポンプを止め、復圧して乾燥物を取り出した。
【0033】
このようにして得られた強磁性粉末の残留水分は480ppm、残留酸素(O)濃度は0.22wt%、残留磁化13.5kG、保磁力は14.8kOeであった。
【0034】
ここで磁気特性は、得られた強磁性粉末をパラフィンワックスと共にサンプルケースに詰め、ドライヤーでパラフィンワックスを溶融させてから20kOeの配向磁場でその磁化容易軸を揃え、着磁磁場40kOeでパルス着磁した試料を最大磁場20kOeのVSM(振動試料型磁力計)で磁気特性を測定した。
【0035】
また、ここで平均粒径は空気透過法により比表面積を測定し一次粒子の粒径の平均値を求めたものであり、フィッシャーサブシーブサイザー(F.S.S.S.)を用いて測定した値である。
【0036】
【発明の効果】
本発明の製造方法に従うと、希土類鉄窒素系合金粉末の製造において、窒化した合金ブロックを崩壊水洗した後に付着する水を効果的に除去することができ、磁気特性、特に保磁力を大幅に改善することが可能となった。残留水分は少ない方が良いが、水分の除去の方法が重要であり、あまり高温で乾燥しては、残留水分が減少しても寧ろ保磁力は大幅に低下してしまう。本発明においては、希土類鉄窒化合金粉末の最適な乾燥方法の知見を得ることで、安定して高い保磁力を呈する希土類鉄窒素系合金粉末を得ることができた。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】希土類鉄窒素系合金粉末における残留水分量と乾燥温度の関係を示す特性図
【図2】希土類鉄窒素系合金粉末における残留酸素濃度と乾燥温度の関係を示す特性図
【図3】希土類鉄窒素系合金粉末における保磁力と乾燥温度の関係を示す特性図
[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a magnetic material made of rare earth iron nitrogen-based alloy powder, and more particularly to a magnetic material having a highly stable coercive force and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Rare earth iron nitrogen-based alloy powder is a nitride-based powder magnetic material in which nitrogen N is absorbed in a rare earth metal R-iron Fe alloy, and the magnetic powder is solidified or sintered by a resin or the like. And it is used as a permanent magnet. This material has both a large remanence and a coercive force, and its use is drawing attention.
[0003]
As a method for producing a rare earth iron-nitrogen alloy, Ca particles are mixed with a mixed powder of rare earth metal oxide powder and metal iron or iron oxide powder, and heated in an inert atmosphere. There is a method of obtaining a rare earth iron-nitrogen based alloy by reducing to a rare earth metal-iron alloy powder and nitriding it (for example, JP-A-6-81010).
[0004]
The magnetic powder thus obtained is kneaded and molded with, for example, a binder such as a synthetic resin and is used as a ferromagnetic bonded magnet having a desired shape by being magnetized in the molding and curing process.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The rare earth iron nitrogen-based alloy powders obtained by these production methods generally have high remanent magnetization and high coercive force, but depend on the production method, and depending on the production lot, as expected. Has low magnetic properties, and in particular, its coercive force is low and its variation may be large.
[0006]
As described above, an object of the present invention is to provide a rare earth iron-nitrogen-based alloy powder having a stable and high coercive force and a small variation with respect to a magnetic powder that can be used for a permanent magnet.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is based on the finding that the decrease in coercive force of rare earth iron-nitrogen alloy powder depends on the conditions in the drying process during the manufacturing process. That is, the method for producing a rare earth iron nitrogen-based alloy powder according to the present invention comprises reducing and diffusing a mixture of rare earth oxide and iron and / or iron oxide with Ca, performing nitriding, and bringing the nitride into contact with water to disintegrate. In the method for producing a rare earth iron-nitrogen alloy powder that is washed with water and dried, the drying is performed by heating at a temperature of 100 ° C. to 240 ° C. or less in a reduced pressure state into two stages of drying in the first stage and main drying It is characterized by being performed separately .
[0008]
In the present invention, the depressurized state is preferably exhausted so as to keep the pressure in the dryer at 10 Torr or less, more preferably 3 Torr or less.
[0009]
The rare earth iron-nitrogen based alloy powder of the present invention thus obtained is characterized in that the residual moisture concentration is 660 ppm or less.
[0010]
In addition, the rare earth nitrogen-based alloy powder of the present invention thus obtained is characterized in that the coercive force exhibits a value of 13.8 kOe or more when the average particle size is 1 to 5 μm.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the embodiment of the present invention, the rare earth metal-iron-nitrogen based magnetic powder is composed of 3 to 30% rare earth metal, 5 to 15% N, the balance Fe and inevitable impurities. Is used.
[0012]
The main component of the magnetic powder is to re-express the above formula (1).
General formula R x Fe 100-xy N y (1)
The rare earth metal R is a nitride composed of iron Fe and nitrogen N. The x value of the rare earth metal R is in the range of 3 to 30%, and the atomic% y of N is 5 to 5. The balance is mainly Fe in the range of 15 (atomic%).
[0013]
Here, the rare earth metal R is defined as 3 to 30 atomic%. If it is less than 3 atomic%, the α-Fe phase is separated and the coercive force of the nitride is reduced, and the practical magnet is not used. If the content exceeds 50%, rare earth metal precipitates, the alloy powder becomes unstable in the atmosphere, and the residual magnetization decreases. On the other hand, nitrogen N is defined to be in the range of 5 to 15 (atomic%). When it is less than 3 atomic%, almost no coercive force is exhibited, and when it exceeds 15 atomic%, nitriding of rare earth metals, iron and alkali metals themselves is performed. This is because things are generated.
[0014]
In the rare earth iron-nitrogen alloy powder of the present invention, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sm can be used as the rare earth metal element R. In particular, Sm increases the saturation magnetization and magnetic anisotropy of the magnetic material, Therefore, it is adopted because it is preferable. In this case, in particular, in the general formula Sm x Fe 100-xy N above (1), y of Sm of x and N represents the atomic%, x is 8.1 to 10.0, y 13.5 A range of ˜13.9 is particularly preferred.
[0015]
The average particle diameter of the alloy powder is preferably in the range of 1 to 5 μm. If it is coarser than this, the coercive force becomes 5 kOe or less. On the other hand, if it is finer than this, it tends to oxidize and it is difficult to maintain the composition of formula (1).
[0016]
<Preparation of raw material> An important feature of the present invention is that the alloy block obtained after nitriding is immersed in water to collapse, and a process of washing it is passed. The alloy powder is formed before the water washing, but in order to use it as a magnetic powder, it is necessary to go through a drying process.
[0017]
As the raw material of the rare earth iron-nitrogen alloy powder, the rare earth element uses an oxide, and the iron raw material uses iron and / or iron oxide. Alternatively, it is also possible to use a method in which these elements are dissolved in an acid and a raw material is prepared using a precipitation reaction with an insoluble salt such as a hydroxide. In order to reduce the raw material obtained by mixing at a desired ratio, reducing gas other than rare earth elements is used by using a reducing gas such as hydrogen. However, since rare earth elements cannot be reduced by hydrogen, conventional reduction diffusion Apply the law.
[0018]
In the present invention, the nitriding treatment is subsequently performed on the alloy block obtained by the reduction diffusion reaction. After this nitriding, the form remains an alloy block. The alloy block contains Ca oxide used in the reaction, Ca nitride, or unreacted Ca metal, etc., and collapses when the alloy block is immersed in water, and the excess Ca component reacts with water. Change to hydroxide. Impurities such as hydroxides are removed by a water washing process.
[0019]
<Drying process>
A major feature of the present invention resides in this step. First, the alloy powder particle suspension which has been subjected to nitriding and washed with water is solid-liquid separated and dried. The rare earth iron-nitrogen alloy powder is excellent in corrosion resistance in comparison with rare earth transition metal alloy powders such as SmCo-based in that it is nitrided, but it is preferable that the residual water after drying is as small as possible. This is because there is a problem of oxidation due to residual moisture.
[0020]
The present inventor conducted many tests on drying of Sm 2 Fe 17 N 3 alloy powder as a representative rare earth iron nitrogen alloy powder. FIG. 1 plots the relationship between the drying temperature at a vacuum degree of 0.02 Torr and the amount of moisture remaining in the alloy powder. As shown in FIG. 1, 1800 ppm of water remains after drying at 50 ° C. By drying at a higher temperature than this, the residual water content rapidly decreases and decreases to 660 ppm at 100 ° C. Although the residual moisture content is reduced by drying at a higher temperature than this, there is no significant decrease. It is about 550 ppm at 200 ° C. and about 500 ppm at 280 ° C. These drying times are all 3 hours. Here, the drying time is a time after heating to a predetermined temperature in a reduced pressure state of 0.02 Torr.
[0021]
When there is a problem of oxidation, it is presumed that it is preferable to dry at a low temperature under reduced pressure for the purpose of suppressing the oxidation reaction. Therefore, the degree of oxidation of the alloy powder dried at each temperature was measured by the residual oxygen concentration. The results are shown in FIG. Contrary to expectation, the residual oxygen concentration of the sample dried at a relatively low temperature such as 50 ° C. is large, and the residual oxygen concentration of the sample dried at a high temperature such as 250 ° C. is rather low. However, it increases rapidly at a temperature higher than 250 ° C. This is because the drying temperature is too high and rapid oxidation occurs during drying.
[0022]
FIG. 3 is a plot of the relationship between the drying temperature and the magnetic properties of the obtained alloy powder, particularly the coercive force. From this figure, the coercive force of the sample dried at a low temperature of 50 ° C. is as small as 9.2 kOe, but the sample dried at 100 ° C. is greatly improved to 13.8 kOe. The highest coercive force is shown at 14.9 kOe at 230 ° C. However, when the drying temperature is further increased, the coercive force rapidly decreases, and the coercive force at 280 ° C. decreases to 2.1 kOe.
[0023]
From these, it can be understood that the magnetic characteristics greatly depend on the drying temperature, and the main cause of the decrease in coercive force is largely related to the residual oxygen concentration. The residual oxygen concentration at 250 ° C. is as low as 0.21 wt%, whereas the coercive force is 10.6 kOe, which is a significant decrease compared to 14.3 kOe at 240 ° C. . It can be assumed that some other factor is acting, but it is unknown. Therefore, in the present invention, drying at a temperature of 100 ° C. or higher and 240 ° C. or lower is effective in improving the magnetic characteristics, particularly the coercive force.
[0024]
【Example】
[Example 1]
Samarium oxide Sm 2 O 3 having a purity of 99.9% and an average particle size of 1.2 μm and iron oxide Fe 2 O 3 having a purity of 99.9 and an average particle size of 1.3 μm were mixed for 1 hour by a wet ball mill. went.
[0025]
As a pre-reduction process of iron oxide, the mixed raw material was held at a temperature of 600 ° C. in a hydrogen stream, and a part of the iron oxide was reduced to iron. The oxygen removal rate of iron oxide was 71%.
[0026]
In the Ca reduction process, Ca particles are mixed with the mixed raw material after the preliminary reduction, twice the amount of oxygen of the oxide in the mixed raw material, and the mixed raw material is charged into a vacuum heatable container. After evacuation, the temperature was raised to 1100 ° C. in an Ar gas stream, heated and held for 3 hours to perform Ca reduction treatment, and cooled to 50 ° C. in the container. Next, in the nitriding process, after the Ca-reduced powder was evacuated in a container, nitrogen gas was circulated, heated to 450 ° C. and held for 20 hours to perform nitriding treatment, and then cooled.
[0027]
The obtained nitridation product is a porous lump, but easily disintegrates and powders in ion-exchanged water. In the washing process, by using this decay, by-products such as Ca, Ca nitride, and unreacted Ca in the product are removed in the form of calcium hydroxide in the ion exchange water. Decantation was repeated several times to recover the target magnetic powder as a precipitate. Further, in order to completely remove the by-product, decantation was performed in an acetic acid aqueous solution adjusted to pH 4.5 and washed with water. The slurry-like precipitate was centrifuged and replaced with alcohol to obtain a separated cake.
[0028]
The obtained separated cake was first dried in the first stage. By this drying, it is possible to remove most of the water almost uniformly, which makes it possible to achieve high drying conditions in the main drying. The separated cake was put into a vibration vacuum dryer, the inside of the dryer was decompressed with a vacuum pump, and the cake was shaken and vibrated at 60 Hz. The inside of the dryer was heated to 100 ° C. by jacket heating and heated uniformly for 1.5 hours. The internal pressure in the dryer at this time was 2.9 Torr.
[0029]
After the drying in the first stage was completed, cooling water was passed through the jacket and cooled to room temperature over 1.5 hours. Next, nitrogen gas was introduced into the dryer, and the inside of the dryer was restored to atmospheric pressure. The obtained first-stage dried product was taken out, filled in a tray to a thickness of about 30 mm, and loaded into a shelf-type vacuum dryer.
[0030]
The shelf dryer was evacuated to 0.03 Torr at room temperature, and then heated to 230 ° C. while maintaining this internal pressure. This state was maintained for 3 hours. Thereafter, heating was stopped, natural cooling was performed, and when the inside of the dryer reached room temperature, the vacuum pump was stopped and the pressure was restored to take out the dried product.
[0031]
The ferromagnetic powder thus obtained was a uniform particle having an average particle diameter of 3.2 μm. According to chemical analysis, Sm = 23.3%, Fe = 72.9%, N = 3.17%, a Ca = 0.01%,, can be represented by Sm 9.2 Fe 77.45 N 13.35. The residual moisture was 500 ppm, the residual oxygen (O) concentration was 0.23 wt%, and the coercive force was 14.9 kOe. The residual moisture was 500 ppm, the residual oxygen (O) concentration was 0.23 wt%, the residual magnetization was 13.5 kG, and the coercive force was 14.9 kOe.
[0032]
[Example 2]
After the first-stage drying was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, the first-stage dried product was continuously left in the same container without cooling, and the high-vacuum pump was switched while vibrating to 0.03 Torr. Then, the jacket was heated to an electric heater, and the temperature in the dryer was raised to 230 ° C. This state was maintained for 3 hours. Thereafter, heating was stopped, natural cooling was performed, and when the inside of the dryer reached a normal temperature, the vacuum pump was stopped and the pressure was restored to take out the dried product.
[0033]
The ferromagnetic powder thus obtained had a residual moisture of 480 ppm, a residual oxygen (O) concentration of 0.22 wt%, a residual magnetization of 13.5 kG, and a coercive force of 14.8 kOe.
[0034]
Here, the magnetic properties are such that the obtained ferromagnetic powder is packed in a sample case together with paraffin wax, the paraffin wax is melted with a dryer, the easy magnetization axis is aligned with an orientation magnetic field of 20 kOe, and pulse magnetization is performed with a magnetizing magnetic field of 40 kOe. The magnetic properties of the obtained samples were measured with a VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer) having a maximum magnetic field of 20 kOe.
[0035]
Here, the average particle diameter is a value obtained by measuring the specific surface area by the air permeation method to obtain the average value of the particle diameters of the primary particles, and is a value measured using a Fisher sub-sieve sizer (FSSS).
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
According to the production method of the present invention, in the production of rare earth iron nitrogen-based alloy powder, the adhering water can be effectively removed after the nitrided alloy block is washed with disintegrated water, and the magnetic properties, particularly the coercive force, are greatly improved. It became possible to do. Less residual moisture is better, but the method of removing moisture is important. If the moisture is dried at a very high temperature, the coercive force is greatly reduced even if the residual moisture is reduced. In the present invention, by obtaining knowledge about the optimum drying method of rare earth iron nitride alloy powder, it was possible to obtain a rare earth iron nitrogen alloy powder stably exhibiting a high coercive force.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between residual moisture content and drying temperature in rare earth iron-nitrogen alloy powder. FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between residual oxygen concentration and drying temperature in rare earth iron-nitrogen alloy powder. Characteristic diagram showing the relationship between coercive force and drying temperature in rare earth iron-nitrogen alloy powders

Claims (6)

希土類酸化物と鉄及び/又は酸化鉄の混合物をCaにより還元拡散し引き続き窒化を行い、得られた窒化物を水と接触させて崩壊し、水洗し、乾燥する希土類鉄窒素系合金粉末の製造方法において、
前記乾燥は、減圧状態で100℃〜240℃の温度で加熱する乾燥を、第一段階の乾燥、本乾燥の二段階に分けて行うことを特徴とする希土類鉄窒素系合金粉末の製造方法。
Manufacture of rare earth iron-nitrogen-based alloy powders by reducing and diffusing a mixture of rare earth oxides and iron and / or iron oxide with Ca, followed by nitriding, bringing the resulting nitride into contact with water, collapsing, washing with water and drying In the method
The method for producing a rare earth iron-nitrogen alloy powder characterized in that the drying is performed by heating at a temperature of 100 ° C. to 240 ° C. under reduced pressure in two stages of first stage drying and main drying .
前記減圧状態は、乾燥機内を10Torr以下の気圧に保つように排気することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の希土類合金粉末の製造方法。  2. The method for producing a rare earth alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein in the reduced pressure state, the interior of the dryer is evacuated so as to maintain an atmospheric pressure of 10 Torr or less. 請求項1乃至2の製造方法により得られることを特徴とする希土類鉄窒素系合金粉末。  A rare earth iron-nitrogen based alloy powder obtained by the production method according to claim 1. 残留水分量は660ppm以下であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の希土類鉄窒素系合金粉末。 The rare earth iron nitrogen-based alloy powder according to claim 3, wherein the residual water content is 660 ppm or less. 前記希土類鉄窒素系合金粉末の平均粒径が1.0〜5.0μmである場合、保磁力は13.8kOe以上の値を示すことを特徴とする請求項3乃至4に記載の希土類鉄窒素系合金粉末。  5. The rare earth iron nitrogen according to claim 3, wherein when the average particle diameter of the rare earth iron nitrogen alloy powder is 1.0 to 5.0 μm, the coercive force exhibits a value of 13.8 kOe or more. Alloy powder. 一般式RxFe100-x-yyで表される希土類金属Rと鉄Feと窒素Nからなる窒化物であり、希土類金属Rの原子%xは、3〜30%の範囲に、Nの原子%yは、5〜15(原子%)の範囲に、残部が主としてFeとされることを特徴とする請求項3乃至5に記載の希土類鉄窒素系合金粉末。It is a nitride composed of a rare earth metal R represented by the general formula R x Fe 100-xy N y , iron Fe, and nitrogen N, and the atomic% x of the rare earth metal R is in the range of 3 to 30%. 6. The rare earth iron-nitrogen based alloy powder according to claim 3, wherein% y is in a range of 5 to 15 (atomic%), and the balance is mainly Fe.
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