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JP3770971B2 - Biological denitrification method - Google Patents
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JP3770971B2 - Biological denitrification method - Google Patents

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JP3770971B2
JP3770971B2 JP22721096A JP22721096A JP3770971B2 JP 3770971 B2 JP3770971 B2 JP 3770971B2 JP 22721096 A JP22721096 A JP 22721096A JP 22721096 A JP22721096 A JP 22721096A JP 3770971 B2 JP3770971 B2 JP 3770971B2
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Prior art keywords
treatment tank
granules
granule
activated sludge
methane
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JP22721096A
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JPH1066994A (en
Inventor
信一 野中
正廣 加治
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Shinko Pantec Co Ltd
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Kobelco Eco Solutions Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、下水、し尿、及び各種産業廃水中の硝酸塩等の窒素酸化物を生物学的に還元して脱窒処理する廃水の生物学的脱窒方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、この種の生物学的脱窒方法としては、嫌気性処理槽に活性汚泥を20000 〜30000mgSS/L 充填し、槽内に穏やかな攪拌条件を与えることによりグラニュールを形成させる方法(特開昭62−22594 号,特開昭62−22595 号,特開昭62−22596 号)、グラニュールの形成を促進させるのに粒状担体を活性汚泥とともに嫌気槽処理槽に充填し、担体に脱窒菌を増殖させることにより脱窒菌グラニュールに変える方法、並びに嫌気性処理槽にメタン発酵菌グラニュールのみを充填し、メタン発酵菌グラニュールに存在する脱窒菌を増殖させることにより脱窒菌グラニュールに変える方法(特開昭7−290088号)等がある。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、上記活性汚泥を充填する方法では脱窒菌グラニュールを形成するのに2〜3ケ月を要しており、また粒状担体を活性汚泥とともに充填する方法やメタン発酵菌グラニュールのみを充填する方法でも脱窒菌グラニュールの形成に1ケ月は要していた。
【0004】
本発明は、このような問題点を解決するためになされたもので、処理効率の高い脱窒処理槽を早期に立ち上げることを課題とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、このような課題を解決するためになされたもので、その課題を解決するための手段は、窒素酸化物を含有する廃水を、グラニュール汚泥を用いる嫌気性処理槽内で生物学的に窒素酸化物を還元して脱窒する生物学的脱窒方法において、前記嫌気性処理槽にメタン発酵菌グラニュールと活性汚泥とを充填し、前記嫌気性処理槽内で脱窒菌グラニュールを形成することにより脱窒処理することにある。
【0006】
ここで、上記嫌気性処理槽に充填されるメタン発酵菌グラニュールと活性汚泥との重量比は、5:5〜9:1であることが好ましく、特に7:3〜9:1であることが好ましい。
【0007】
このようなメタン発酵菌グラニュールの担体効果と活性汚泥中の脱窒菌の増殖により、短期間に脱窒菌グラニュールを形成することができる。
【0008】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の一実施例について図面に従って説明する。
【0009】
本実施例では、図1に示すように、一般のUASB式メタン発酵装置と同様の構造の嫌気性処理槽を用いた。
【0010】
この嫌気性処理槽について説明すると、図1において1は処理槽本体で、その底部には原水供給部としての導入管2が配設されている。
【0011】
3は、メタン発酵菌を含有するグラニュール(メタングラニュール)に活性汚泥が混合されたグラニュール堆積層で、前記処理槽本体1の底部に積層されている。
【0012】
4は、処理槽本体1内で発生する窒素ガスを分離するためのガス衝突部で、傘状に形成されている。
【0013】
5は、処理槽本体1内で発生したガスを補集するためのガス補修部で、底面が開口する略円錐台状に形成され、前記ガス衝突部4のわずか上部に設けられている。
【0014】
6は、処理槽本体1内の処理水を循環させ、原水の導入管2へ供給して再使用するためのリサイクルパイプで、その中間部にはリサイクルポンプ7が設けられている。
【0015】
8は、処理槽本体1内の処理水を処理槽本体1の外部に流出するための処理水流出用パイプで、該処理槽本体1の上部の液面の近辺に設けられている。
【0016】
9は、ガス補修部5で補修されたガスを処理槽本体1の外部に排出するためのガス排出用パイプで、前記ガス補修部5の近傍に設けられている。
【0017】
次に、上記のような処理槽を用いた一実施例としての生物学的脱窒方法について説明する。
【0018】
上述のように、処理槽本体1の底部には、グラニュール堆積層3が形成されているが、このグラニュール堆積層3はメタングラニュールと活性汚泥とで構成されているため、次のような作用,効果を生ずる。
【0019】
すなわち、メタングラニュールにはわずかであるが脱窒菌が存在しており、メタングラニュールの中で脱窒菌が増殖することによって、グラニュールは形状を損なうことなく、脱窒グラニュールに変化する。
【0020】
増殖した脱窒菌のほとんどが、グラニュール中に捕捉されるため短期間で脱窒グラニュールを形成できる。
【0021】
一方、活性汚泥には、多量の脱窒菌が存在しており、上記のようにメタングラニュールに活性汚泥を添加することによって、グラニュールの表面に脱窒菌が付着する。
【0022】
上記のようなメタングラニュールの中での脱窒菌の増殖によっても、脱窒グラニュールの形成はされるが、上記のような活性汚泥に存在している多量の脱窒菌により、メタングラニュールのみの場合に比べると初期脱窒菌量が多くなり、従ってより短期間で脱窒グラニュールが形成されることとなるのである。
【0023】
そして、処理槽本体1の底部に導入管2を介して導入される原水中の硝酸塩等の窒素酸化物は、上述のようにして形成された脱窒グラニュールに存在している脱窒菌により速やかに窒素ガスに転化され、水中に気泡として発生する。
【0024】
発生した窒素ガスは、ガス補修部5に蓄積され、ガス排出用パイプ9から処理槽本体1の外部に排出される。
【0025】
処理槽本体1内の処理水は、その一部が処理水流出部8から外部に排出されるとともに、一部はリサイクルパイプ6を介して導入管2に返送される。
【0026】
本実施例の脱窒方法を行う場合について、処理槽の運転条件を次に示す。

Figure 0003770971
【0027】
また、使用した原水の組成を表1に示す。
【0028】
【表1】
Figure 0003770971
【0029】
上記表1において、asNは窒素濃度としての数値を示し、asPはリン濃度としての数値を示し、asCaはカルシウム濃度としての数値を示す。このような表示のないものは、その薬品自体の濃度を示す。
【0030】
そして、メタングラニュールと活性汚泥の混合割合を変え、装置の運転を行った。試験結果を次表2に示す。試験は、運転開始14日目で終了した。
【0031】
【表2】
Figure 0003770971
【0032】
この試験結果からも明らかなように、活性汚泥が0%すなわちグラニュールのみの場合、或いは活性汚泥が80%,100 %の場合には、NO3-N 除去能力が50mgN/L・h 以下であったのに対し、活性汚泥が10〜50%の場合にはNO3-N 除去能力は50mgN/L・h 以上で良好であり、特に、20%及び30%の場合には、60mgN/L・h 以上であった。
【0033】
この結果からも、活性汚泥が10〜50%の場合には、運転開始後、約14日間で処理効率の高い処理槽を立ち上げることが可能となり、その立ち上げの期間を従来に比べて短縮することが可能となった。
【0034】
また保持グラニュール量についても、活性汚泥が10〜30%の場合では、15000mg/L 以上であり、NO3-N 除去能力が高い上に高濃度の脱窒グラニュールが形成されており、より効果的に立ち上げることが可能になった。
【0035】
尚、上記実施例では、上記のような処理槽の運転条件で処理を行ったが、処理槽の運転条件はこれに限定されるものではない。
【0036】
また、処理すべき原水の組成や濃度も上記実施例に限定されるものではなく、要は硝酸塩等の窒素酸化物を含有する廃水であれば、その組成や各成分の濃度は問わない。
【0037】
さらに、メタングラニュールと活性汚泥の重量比も上記実施例では8:2のときに最も良好であったが、この両者の重量比も問わない。要は、メタングラニュールと活性汚泥とが処理槽に充填されていればよいのである。
【0038】
【発明の効果】
叙上のように、本発明は、嫌気性処理槽に充填されるグラニュール汚泥としてメタン発酵菌グラニュールと活性汚泥との双方を用いたため、メタン発酵菌グラニュールの中で脱窒菌が増殖するのみならず、活性汚泥中に存在する多量の脱窒菌がグラニュールの表面に付着し、従って従来のメタン発酵菌グラニュールのみを用いる方法に比べると初期脱窒菌量が多くなり、メタン発酵菌グラニュールの担体効果を維持しつつ、従来に比べてより短期間で脱窒グラニュールが形成されることとなる。
【0039】
この結果、処理槽の運転開始後において、処理効率の高い処理槽として運転可能となるまでの立ち上げ期間が、従来に比べて著しく短縮されるという効果を有するに至った。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】一実施例としての嫌気性処理槽の概略側面図。
【符号の説明】
1…処理槽本体 3…グラニュール堆積層[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a biological denitrification method for wastewater, human waste, and wastewater in which nitrogen oxides such as nitrates in various industrial wastewaters are biologically reduced and denitrified.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a biological denitrification method of this type, an anaerobic treatment tank is filled with activated sludge in an amount of 20000 to 30000 mg SS / L, and a gentle stirring condition is given in the tank to form granules (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2005-260260). Sho 62-22594, Sho 62-22595, Sho 62-22596), in order to promote the formation of granules, a granular carrier is filled into an anaerobic tank treatment tank with activated sludge, and the carrier is denitrifying bacteria. To change to denitrifying bacteria granule by growing it, and filling the anaerobic treatment tank with only methane fermenting granule and growing the denitrifying bacteria present in methane fermenting granule to change to denitrifying granule Method (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-290088).
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the method of filling activated sludge, it takes 2-3 months to form denitrifying bacteria granules, and a method of filling a granular carrier together with activated sludge or a method of filling only methane fermentation bacteria granules. But it took one month to form denitrifying granules.
[0004]
The present invention has been made in order to solve such problems, and an object thereof is to quickly start up a denitrification treatment tank with high treatment efficiency.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and means for solving the problem is that a wastewater containing nitrogen oxides is biologically treated in an anaerobic treatment tank using granular sludge. In a biological denitrification method in which nitrogen oxides are reduced and denitrified, the anaerobic treatment tank is filled with methane fermentation granules and activated sludge, and the denitrification granules in the anaerobic treatment tank It is to denitrify by forming.
[0006]
Here, the weight ratio of the methane fermentation granule and activated sludge filled in the anaerobic treatment tank is preferably 5: 5 to 9: 1, and particularly 7: 3 to 9: 1. Is preferred.
[0007]
Due to the carrier effect of such methane-fermenting bacteria granules and the growth of denitrifying bacteria in activated sludge, denitrifying bacteria granules can be formed in a short time.
[0008]
【Example】
An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0009]
In this example, as shown in FIG. 1, an anaerobic treatment tank having the same structure as a general UASB type methane fermentation apparatus was used.
[0010]
The anaerobic treatment tank will be described. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a treatment tank main body, and an introduction pipe 2 serving as a raw water supply unit is disposed at the bottom thereof.
[0011]
3 is a granule accumulation layer in which activated sludge is mixed with granules (methane granules) containing methane fermentation bacteria, and is laminated on the bottom of the treatment tank body 1.
[0012]
4 is the gas collision part for isolate | separating the nitrogen gas generated in the processing tank main body 1, and is formed in umbrella shape.
[0013]
Reference numeral 5 denotes a gas repairing part for collecting the gas generated in the processing tank main body 1, which is formed in a substantially truncated cone shape having an open bottom and is provided slightly above the gas collision part 4.
[0014]
6 is a recycle pipe for circulating the treated water in the treatment tank main body 1 and supplying it to the raw water introduction pipe 2 for reuse. A recycle pump 7 is provided in the middle of the recycle pipe.
[0015]
Reference numeral 8 denotes a treated water outflow pipe for allowing the treated water in the treatment tank main body 1 to flow out of the treatment tank main body 1, and is provided in the vicinity of the liquid surface at the top of the treatment tank main body 1.
[0016]
Reference numeral 9 denotes a gas discharge pipe for discharging the gas repaired by the gas repair unit 5 to the outside of the treatment tank body 1 and is provided in the vicinity of the gas repair unit 5.
[0017]
Next, a biological denitrification method as an example using the above treatment tank will be described.
[0018]
As described above, the granule deposition layer 3 is formed at the bottom of the treatment tank main body 1. Since the granule deposition layer 3 is composed of methane granules and activated sludge, the following is performed. Effects.
[0019]
That is, although there are a few denitrifying bacteria in the methane granule, the denitrifying bacteria grow in the methane granule, so that the granule changes to the denitrifying granule without losing its shape.
[0020]
Since most of the grown denitrifying bacteria are trapped in the granule, the denitrifying granule can be formed in a short period of time.
[0021]
On the other hand, a large amount of denitrifying bacteria are present in the activated sludge, and denitrifying bacteria adhere to the surface of the granules by adding the activated sludge to the methane granules as described above.
[0022]
The growth of denitrifying bacteria in the methane granules as described above also forms denitrifying granules, but only the methane granules are produced by the large amount of denitrifying bacteria present in the activated sludge as described above. Compared with the case of the above, the amount of initial denitrifying bacteria is increased, and therefore denitrifying granules are formed in a shorter period of time.
[0023]
And nitrogen oxides, such as nitrate in raw | natural water introduced into the bottom part of the processing tank main body 1 via the introductory pipe 2, are rapidly brought about by the denitrification bacteria which exist in the denitrification granule formed as mentioned above. It is converted into nitrogen gas and generated as bubbles in the water.
[0024]
The generated nitrogen gas is accumulated in the gas repairing part 5 and discharged from the gas discharge pipe 9 to the outside of the treatment tank body 1.
[0025]
A part of the treated water in the treatment tank main body 1 is discharged from the treated water outflow portion 8 to the outside, and a part thereof is returned to the introduction pipe 2 through the recycle pipe 6.
[0026]
Regarding the case of carrying out the denitrification method of this example, the operating conditions of the treatment tank are shown below.
Figure 0003770971
[0027]
The composition of the raw water used is shown in Table 1.
[0028]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003770971
[0029]
In Table 1, asN indicates a numerical value as a nitrogen concentration, asP indicates a numerical value as a phosphorus concentration, and asCa indicates a numerical value as a calcium concentration. Those without such indication indicate the concentration of the drug itself.
[0030]
And the mixing ratio of methane granule and activated sludge was changed, and the apparatus was operated. The test results are shown in Table 2 below. The test was completed on the 14th day from the start of operation.
[0031]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003770971
[0032]
As is clear from this test result, when the activated sludge is 0%, that is, only granules, or when the activated sludge is 80% and 100%, the NO 3 -N removal capacity is 50 mgN / L · h or less. On the other hand, when activated sludge is 10 to 50%, NO 3 -N removal capacity is good at 50 mgN / L · h or more, especially 60 mgN / L at 20% and 30%.・ It was more than h.
[0033]
Also from this result, when activated sludge is 10-50%, it is possible to start up a treatment tank with high treatment efficiency in about 14 days after the start of operation, and the start-up period is shortened compared to the conventional one. It became possible to do.
[0034]
In addition, the amount of retained granule is 15000 mg / L or more when the activated sludge is 10-30%, and the NO 3 -N removal ability is high, and high-concentration denitrification granules are formed. It became possible to start up effectively.
[0035]
In addition, in the said Example, although the process was performed on the operating conditions of the above processing tanks, the operating conditions of a processing tank are not limited to this.
[0036]
Further, the composition and concentration of raw water to be treated are not limited to the above-described examples, and the composition and concentration of each component are not limited as long as it is wastewater containing nitrogen oxides such as nitrates.
[0037]
Further, the weight ratio of methane granule to activated sludge was the best when the ratio was 8: 2 in the above embodiment, but the weight ratio of the two is not limited. In short, it is only necessary that the treatment tank is filled with methane granules and activated sludge.
[0038]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention uses both methane-fermenting bacteria granules and activated sludge as granule sludge filled in the anaerobic treatment tank, so that denitrifying bacteria grow in the methane-fermenting bacteria granules. In addition, a large amount of denitrifying bacteria present in the activated sludge adheres to the surface of the granule, and therefore the amount of initial denitrifying bacteria is larger than the conventional method using only the methane fermenting bacteria granule. The denitrification granules are formed in a shorter period of time while maintaining the carrier effect of the silica.
[0039]
As a result, after starting the operation of the treatment tank, the start-up period until it can be operated as a treatment tank with high treatment efficiency has an effect of being significantly shortened compared to the conventional case.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of an anaerobic treatment tank as one embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... Processing tank body 3 ... Granule layer

Claims (1)

窒素酸化物を含有する廃水を、グラニュール汚泥を用いる嫌気性処理槽内で生物学的に窒素酸化物を還元して脱窒する生物学的脱窒方法において、前記嫌気性処理槽にメタン発酵菌グラニュールと活性汚泥とを、脱窒処理の立ち上げに際して重量比5:5〜9:1で充填し、前記嫌気性処理槽内で脱窒菌グラニュールを形成することにより脱窒処理することを特徴とする生物学的脱窒方法。In a biological denitrification method in which wastewater containing nitrogen oxides is denitrified by biologically reducing nitrogen oxides in an anaerobic treatment tank using granular sludge, methane fermentation in the anaerobic treatment tank The denitrification treatment is performed by filling the fungus granules and the activated sludge in a weight ratio of 5: 5 to 9: 1 at the start of the denitrification treatment and forming the denitrification bacteria granules in the anaerobic treatment tank. Biological denitrification method characterized by.
JP22721096A 1996-08-28 1996-08-28 Biological denitrification method Expired - Lifetime JP3770971B2 (en)

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JP4899253B2 (en) * 2001-05-21 2012-03-21 栗田工業株式会社 Wastewater aerobic treatment method
JP4867098B2 (en) * 2001-07-26 2012-02-01 栗田工業株式会社 Biological denitrification method and apparatus
JP3944774B2 (en) * 2002-04-03 2007-07-18 栗田工業株式会社 Startup method of denitrification equipment
JP4529554B2 (en) * 2004-06-18 2010-08-25 富士ゼロックス株式会社 Wastewater treatment method
CN103115855A (en) * 2013-02-25 2013-05-22 北京工业大学 Method for measuring activity of anaerobic ammonia oxidation granule sludge

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