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JP3771488B2 - Foaming agent for producing foamed / porous metal and method for producing the same - Google Patents
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JP3771488B2 - Foaming agent for producing foamed / porous metal and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Foaming agent for producing foamed / porous metal and method for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3771488B2
JP3771488B2 JP2001380522A JP2001380522A JP3771488B2 JP 3771488 B2 JP3771488 B2 JP 3771488B2 JP 2001380522 A JP2001380522 A JP 2001380522A JP 2001380522 A JP2001380522 A JP 2001380522A JP 3771488 B2 JP3771488 B2 JP 3771488B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
foaming agent
porous metal
powder
producing
metal
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JP2003183622A (en
Inventor
崇 中村
亮一 石川
勝弘 柴田
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は発泡/多孔質金属の製造に用いる発泡剤及びその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
溶融金属若しくは粉末金属に発泡剤を添加し、これらを加熱するなどして発泡剤をガス化し、金属中に無数の孔を形成することで発泡金属若しくは多孔質金属を得る技術は知られている。狭義には発泡金属は無数の孔にガスを封じ込め、多孔質金属はガスを放出する点で差があるが、無数の孔を有する点では同一であるから、発泡/多孔質金属と一括して呼ぶことにする。
【0003】
この発泡/多孔質金属の製造方法には、例えば特許第2898437号公報「発泡可能な金属体の製造方法」が提案され、同公報の段落番号[0022]第5行に「水素化チタン0.2重量%」や、同第19行に「炭酸水素ナトリウム」のごとく発泡剤の具体例が記載されている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
酸素との結びつきが強いアルミニウムを発泡させるには、還元力の強い水素を含む水素化チタンや炭酸水素ナトリウムの使用が一般的である。
【0005】
しかし、水素化チタンや炭酸水素ナトリウムは高価であり、発泡/多孔質金属の製造コストを押上げるという課題がある。
また、発生する水素ガスは爆発しやすい気体であり、取扱いに十分な注意を払わなければならず、作業者の負担は大きくなる。
そこで、本発明の第1の目的は廉価で水素爆発の危険が無い発泡剤を提供することにある。
【0006】
また、上記技術は、同公報の段落番号[0018]第4行〜第7行に「金属体は、水に浮く。このとき生じる孔は、金属体に全体に亘って均一に分布し、また、略統一のある大きさを示す。孔の大きさは、発泡過程の間、金属の泡が膨張できる時間によって調整することができる。」と記載されている。
【0007】
本発明者らが実験したところ孔径が必要以上に大きいことが分かった。この発生過程を次の様に推測した。
図7(a)〜(c)は従来の発泡剤による気泡の成長を示す模式図である。
(a)において、アルミニウム溶湯に3個の水素化チタン(TiH2)粒子が混入しているとする。これらのTiH2粒子は加熱することにより、H2ガスを発生する。
(b)は3個のH2ガスの泡が発生したことを示す。泡も引力を発生するため、1個の泡に他の2個が矢印の通りに引かれることは十分考えられる。
【0008】
(c)は1個の大きなH2の泡に成長したことを示す。すなわち、従来のTiH2を発泡剤としたときには、泡が合体し、成長し、結果として孔径が大きくなる。
計測の結果、図(c)におけるH2の泡による孔径は平均1.4mmであった。
孔と隣の孔との中心間距離をピッチとすれば、強度に関与する金属部分の長さは(ピッチ−孔径)となる。このことから孔径が大きいほど強度が低下することとが考えられる。
【0009】
上記公報は水に浮くだけの金属体を製造することを目的に一つにした発明である。しかし、近年、構造体の軽量化を達成する上で、構造体の一部を強度メンバー兼多孔性金属とする要求があり、この要求には上記公報の技術は孔径が大き過ぎる等して不十分である。
そこで、本発明の第2の目的は強度の高い多孔性金属を製造することのできる技術を提供することにある。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために請求項1の発泡/多孔質金属製造用発泡剤は、発泡性粉末と、この粉末の表面を覆うフッ化物コーティング層とからなる発泡剤において、発泡性粉末を炭酸塩系化合物にしたことを特徴とする。
【0011】
発泡/多孔質金属の製造過程で、フッ化物はアルミニウムを覆う酸化膜を破壊する役割を果たす。この結果、発泡剤は金属(アルミニウム)とのぬれ性が高まり、溶融金属に良好に分散し、均一に孔が分布した良質な発泡/多孔質金属を得ることができる。
【0012】
発泡剤は、発泡性粉末にフッ化物をコーティングしただけのものであるから、廉価であり、且つH基を含まぬ発泡性粉末を用いた場合には、水素爆発の危険も無い。
【0013】
また、発泡性粉末が炭酸塩系化合物であれば、溶融金属中で炭酸塩系化合物は炭酸ガス(CO2)と残渣とに分解し、残渣はCO2の泡の表面を囲むバリヤの役割を果し、泡同士の合体を阻止し、泡が成長することを防止する。この結果、金属中に小径で多数個の孔が存在し、多孔性金属の剛性が高まる。
【0014】
従って、請求項1によれば、水素爆発の虞れがないとともに強度の高い多孔性金属を提供することができる。
【0015】
請求項2は、フッ化物水溶液に炭酸塩系化合物からなる発泡性粉末を入れ、攪拌して前記発泡性粉末の表面にフッ化物コーティング層を形成する発泡/多孔質金属製造用発泡剤の製造方法において、発泡性粉末にフッ化物水溶液を接触処理するときの処理時間を40〜45分に設定したことを特徴とする。
【0016】
密度が小さいほど発泡性に優た多孔性金属を得ることができる。発泡性粉末にフッ化物水溶液を接触処理40分未満での発泡材では、製造後の多孔性金属の密度は大きい。接触処理が40〜45分で小さな密度の多孔性金属を得ることができる。接触処理45分を超えると密度が微増するとともに作業時間が伸びる。従って、大きな発泡性と作業時間の短縮化との双方を満足させ得る40〜45分の処理時間を採用する。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態を添付図に基づいて以下に説明する。
まず、本発明に係る発泡剤製造方法である共沈法を説明する。
図1(a)〜(e)は本発明に係る発泡剤の共沈法工程図である。
(a)において、容器10に入れたNaF水溶液11を加熱手段12で約40℃まで加熱する。
【0018】
(b)において、NaF水溶液11に発泡性粉末13を入れる。この発泡性粉末13は、炭酸カルシウム(CaCO3)や炭酸マグネシウム(MgCO3)などの炭酸塩系化合物である。爆発の危険が無い炭酸ガス(二酸化炭素ガス)を発生するからであることと、後述する通りに、多孔性金属の強度向上を図ることができるからである。
【0019】
なお、前記炭酸マグネシウム(MgCO3)は、入手が容易で、安定性に富む塩基性炭酸マグネシウム(4MgCO3・Mg(OH2)・5H2O))を脱水処理等を施すことにより生成することができる。
【0020】
(c)において、撹拌手段14にてNaF水溶液11と発泡性粉末13とを十分に撹拌する。この撹拌により次に示す反応が起こる。なお、撹拌は40分〜45分続ける。その理由は後述する。
【0021】
【化1】

Figure 0003771488
【0022】
(液)は液体(水溶液)を示し、(固)は固体(粉末又は膜)を示す。
NaF水溶液にCaCO3の粉末を接触させると、CaにFが結合してCaF2ができるが、残りがNa2CO3(液体)となってNaF水溶液に混じる。すなわち、CaCO3粉末の表面のCaCO3がNaFに接触して、CO3がFに置き換り、フッ化物であるCaF2の形でCaCO3粉末を覆う。
【0023】
【化2】
Figure 0003771488
【0024】
NaF水溶液にMgCO3の粉末を接触させると、MgCO3粉末の表面のMgCO3がNaFに接触して、CO3がFに置き換り、フッ化物であるMgF2の形でMgCO3粉末を覆う。
【0025】
(d)において、濾紙等の濾材15にて混合液を濾過する。このときに吸引することで濾過作業を促す。
(e)において、乾燥させることにより、所望の発泡剤20を得る。
【0026】
図2は本発明に係る発泡剤の模型図であり、発泡剤20は、炭酸塩系化合物(CaCO3粉末又はMgCO3粉末)からなる発泡性粉末13と、この発泡性粉末13の表面を覆うフッ化物コーティング層21とからなる。フッ化物コーティング層21は例えばCaF2又はMgF2からなる。
【0027】
以上の述べた構造の発泡剤20を用いた発泡/多孔質金属の製造方法を次に説明する。
図3(a)〜(e)は本発明の発泡剤を用いた発泡/多孔質金属の製造工程図である。
(a)において、ルツボ31に7%珪素を含むSi系アルミニウム合金32を入れ、ヒータ33で約700℃に加熱して、金属を溶解する。なお、真空溶解するときには真空炉内でこの処理及び以降の処理を実施するが、ここでは真空炉は省略する。
【0028】
(b)において、撹拌手段34で溶湯35を攪拌しつつ、溶湯35にCaやMgの粘度調整剤36を投入して粘度を調整する。
(c)において、溶湯35にさらに発泡剤20を適量投入する。
【0029】
(d)は発泡剤20がガス化したために溶湯35が増量したことを示す。このままで、冷却を開始する。
(e)において、適当な温度でルツボから外し、さらに冷却すれば、発泡/多孔質金属37を得る。
【0030】
図4は発泡/多孔質金属の密度と処理時間との関係を調べたグラフであり、横軸の処理時間は図1(b)〜(d)までの時間、すなわち、発泡性粉末がNaF水溶液に接触している時間である。
比較例1は従来の代表的な発泡剤であるCaCO3でSi系アルミニウム合金を発泡させた例を示し、得られた発泡/多孔質金属の密度は、1.8Mg/m3であった。
【0031】
比較例2は従来の好ましい発泡剤であるTiH2でSi系アルミニウム合金を発泡させた例を示し、得られた発泡/多孔質金属の密度は、1.1Mg/m3であった。
グラフの右に白抜き矢印で示した通りに、密度が小さいほど発泡性は大きく、比較例2は比較例1より遥に発泡性が大きいことが分かる。
【0032】
これは比較例2で用いた発泡剤(TiH2)に含まれるHがアルミニウム表面の酸化膜を破壊し、アルミニウムと発泡剤とを円滑に接触させる。この結果、発泡剤が溶融金属中に良好に分散し、均一に孔を形成することができたことを意味する。
【0033】
逆に、比較例1は安価で安全なCaCO3を発泡剤に採用したが、アルミニウムの表面が酸化膜で覆われ、アルミニウムと発泡剤とを十分に接触せず、この結果、発泡剤が溶融金属中に不十分に分散し、孔の形成が偏り、十分な数の孔を形成することができなかったことを意味する。
【0034】
一方、本発明による実施例では横軸の処理時間に、得られる発泡性が大きく依存することが分かった。すなわち、処理時間が10分以内では比較例1と同じであった。しかし、処理時間を40分以上に延ばすと比較例2並みの発泡性が得られる。そこで、処理時間は40〜60分程度とする。
【0035】
ただし、グラフから明らかなように約43分をボトムとして60分では、密度が上り、発泡性の点では好ましくない。その上に、処理時間を60分にすれば生産性が低下する。
そこで、処理時間の適正化と低密度の確保の双方を満足できる処理時間としては、40〜45分を採用することにした。
【0036】
処理時間を適正に延ばせば、図2に示すフッ化物コーティング層21が十分に成長して、その膜厚が増加する。膜厚が増加すれば、発泡剤の保有するフッ化物の量が比例的に増加し、このフッ化物がアルミニウム合金表面の酸化膜を盛んに破壊するため、比較例2並みの良好な結果が得られたと言える。
ここで、重要なことは、本発明の発泡剤は炭化塩系化合物(CaCO3粉末又はMgCO3粉末)からなる発泡性粉末と、この発泡性粉末の表面を覆うフッ化物コーティング層とからなり、廉価であり、水素爆発の危険性がないことである。
【0037】
図1に述べた共沈法の他、次に説明する蒸発法でも本発明の発泡剤を製造することができる。
図5(a)〜(c)は本発明に係る発泡剤の蒸発法工程図である。
(a)において、容器10に入れたNaF水溶液11へ発泡性粉末13を入れる。
(b)において、加熱手段12で加熱しつつ、NaF水溶液11と発泡性粉末13とを攪拌する。この撹拌により次の反応が起こる。
【0038】
【化3】
Figure 0003771488
【0039】
【化4】
Figure 0003771488
【0040】
反応の詳細は、先に説明したので省略する。
(c)において、容器10を加熱手段12で引続き加熱することで水分を蒸発させ、結果として発泡剤20を得る。この発泡剤20の断面構造は図2で説明した通りである。
【0041】
次に、多孔性金属に内包する孔の径について説明する。
図6(a)〜(c)は本発明に係る気泡の成長を示す模式図である。
(a)において、アルミニウム溶湯に3個の(CaCO3にCaF2コーティング。ただし図示の都合上、CaF2は省略した。)粒子が混入しているとする。これらの粒子は加熱することにより、CaCO3はCO2とCaOに分解する。CO2はガス化して泡となり、CaOは残渣となる。
【0042】
(b)は3個のCO2ガスの泡が発生したことを示し、これらの泡をCaOの残渣が囲んでいる様子を示す。CaOはアルミニウムとは濡れ性が悪いのでアルミニウム溶湯に溶けることなく粒子の形で存在する。
(c)はCO2ガスの泡の引力により、CaOの残渣が泡の表面を覆う。すると、このCaOの残渣がバリヤの役割を発揮する。
すなわち、あるCO2ガスの泡が別のCO2ガスの泡を引きつけても、バリヤが効いて合体するに至らない。
【0043】
実験によれば、(c)におけるCO2の泡による孔径は平均0.86mmであった。これに対して、前記図7(c)におけるH2の泡による孔径は平均1.4mmであった。孔を球としたときに、体積は従来例1.0に対して実施例は0.22(0.22=(0.86/1.4)3)となり、従来例よりも遥に高い剛性の多孔性金属を得ることができる。なお、単位体積当りの孔の体積総和が同じであれば、実施例は従来例の5倍の数の小孔が多孔性金属に分散することとなる。
【0044】
図6(a)において、CaCO3をMgCO3に変更した場合には、(c)においてCO2の泡の表面をMgOが覆い、MgOがバリヤの役割を果す。
従って、発泡性粉末は炭酸塩系化合物であれば、同様に孔の小径化が達成できる。
【0045】
尚、発泡/多孔質金属はアルミニウム合金を原則とするが、金属(含む合金)であれば種類は問わず、例えばマグネシウム合金、鉄系合金、ステンレス鋼などが挙げられる。
また、フッ化物はF基を含む化合物あり、その種類は問わない。
【0046】
【発明の効果】
本発明は上記構成により次の効果を発揮する。
請求項1の発泡剤は、発泡性粉末にフッ化物をコーティングしただけのものであるから、廉価であり、且つH基を含まぬ発泡性粉末を用いた場合には、水素爆発の危険も無い。
【0047】
また、発泡性粉末が炭酸塩系化合物であれば、溶融金属中で炭酸塩系化合物は炭酸ガス(CO2)と残渣とに分解し、残渣はCO2の泡の表面を囲むバリヤの役割を果し、泡同士の合体を阻止し、泡が成長することを防止する。この結果、金属中に小径で多数個の孔が存在し、多孔性金属の剛性が高まる。
【0048】
従って、請求項1によれば、水素爆発の虞れがないとともに強度の高い多孔性金属を提供することができる。
【0049】
請求項2の製造方法では、発泡性粉末にフッ化物水溶液を接触処理する時間を40〜45分に設定した。40〜45分の接触処理時間であれば、大きな発泡性と作業時間の短縮化との双方を達成することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る発泡剤の共沈法工程図
【図2】本発明に係る発泡剤の模型図
【図3】本発明の発泡剤を用いた発泡/多孔質金属の製造工程図
【図4】発泡/多孔質金属の密度と処理時間との関係を調べたグラフ
【図5】本発明に係る発泡剤の蒸発法工程図
【図6】本発明に係る気泡の成長を示す模式図
【図7】従来の気泡の成長を示す模式図
【符号の説明】
13…発泡性粉末、20…発泡剤、21…フッ化物コーティング層、37…発泡/多孔質金属。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a foaming agent used in the production of foam / porous metal and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A technique for obtaining a foam metal or a porous metal by adding a foaming agent to a molten metal or a powder metal and gasifying the foaming agent by heating them to form countless holes in the metal is known. . In the narrow sense, foam metal contains gas in countless pores and porous metal has a difference in releasing gas, but it is the same in that it has countless pores. I will call it.
[0003]
As this foaming / porous metal production method, for example, Japanese Patent No. 2898437 “Method for producing foamable metal body” is proposed. Specific examples of foaming agents such as “2% by weight” and “sodium bicarbonate” are described in the 19th line.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In order to foam aluminum that is strongly bound to oxygen, it is common to use titanium hydride or sodium hydrogen carbonate containing hydrogen having a strong reducing power.
[0005]
However, titanium hydride and sodium hydrogen carbonate are expensive, and there is a problem of raising the production cost of the foamed / porous metal.
In addition, the generated hydrogen gas is a gas that tends to explode, and sufficient care must be taken in handling, increasing the burden on the operator.
Accordingly, a first object of the present invention is to provide a foaming agent that is inexpensive and has no danger of hydrogen explosion.
[0006]
In addition, in the above technique, paragraph number [0018] lines 4 to 7 of the same publication “The metal body floats in water. The holes generated at this time are uniformly distributed throughout the metal body. "The size of the pores can be adjusted by the time during which the foam of the metal can expand during the foaming process."
[0007]
When the present inventors experimented, it turned out that a hole diameter is larger than necessary. This generation process was estimated as follows.
FIGS. 7A to 7C are schematic diagrams showing the growth of bubbles by a conventional foaming agent.
In (a), it is assumed that three titanium hydride (TiH 2 ) particles are mixed in the molten aluminum. These TiH 2 particles generate H 2 gas when heated.
(B) shows that three bubbles of H 2 gas were generated. Since bubbles also generate attraction, it is quite conceivable that the other two are drawn as indicated by the arrows in one bubble.
[0008]
(C) shows growing into one large H 2 bubble. That is, when conventional TiH 2 is used as a foaming agent, the bubbles coalesce and grow, resulting in an increase in pore size.
As a result of the measurement, the pore diameter due to H 2 bubbles in FIG.
If the distance between the centers of the hole and the adjacent hole is the pitch, the length of the metal part involved in the strength is (pitch-hole diameter). From this, it is considered that the strength decreases as the hole diameter increases.
[0009]
The above gazette is an invention that aims to produce a metal body that only floats on water. However, in recent years, there has been a demand for a part of the structure to be a strength member and a porous metal in order to achieve weight reduction of the structure, and the technique disclosed in the above publication is not satisfactory because the pore diameter is too large. It is enough.
Accordingly, a second object of the present invention is to provide a technique capable of producing a porous metal having high strength.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To achieve the above object, the foaming agent for producing foamed / porous metal according to claim 1 is a foaming agent comprising a foamable powder and a fluoride coating layer covering the surface of the powder. It is characterized in that it is made into a system compound.
[0011]
In the production process of the foam / porous metal, the fluoride plays a role of destroying the oxide film covering the aluminum. As a result, the foaming agent has improved wettability with the metal (aluminum), can be well dispersed in the molten metal, and a high-quality foamed / porous metal with uniformly distributed pores can be obtained.
[0012]
Since the foaming agent is simply a foamed powder coated with fluoride, it is inexpensive and there is no danger of hydrogen explosion when using foaming powder that does not contain H groups.
[0013]
If the foamable powder is a carbonate-based compound, the carbonate-based compound decomposes into carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and a residue in the molten metal, and the residue acts as a barrier surrounding the surface of the CO 2 foam. In effect, the coalescence of the bubbles is prevented and the bubbles are prevented from growing. As a result, a large number of small holes exist in the metal, and the rigidity of the porous metal is increased.
[0014]
Therefore, according to claim 1, it is possible to provide a porous metal having high strength without fear of hydrogen explosion.
[0015]
[Claim 2] A method for producing a foaming agent for producing foamed / porous metal, comprising adding a foamable powder comprising a carbonate-based compound to an aqueous fluoride solution and stirring to form a fluoride coating layer on the surface of the foamable powder. The processing time when the fluoride aqueous solution is contact-treated with the foamable powder is set to 40 to 45 minutes.
[0016]
As the density is smaller, a porous metal having better foamability can be obtained. In the foam material in which the fluoride aqueous solution is contacted with the foamable powder in less than 40 minutes, the density of the porous metal after production is large. A porous metal having a small density can be obtained in 40 to 45 minutes in the contact treatment. If the contact treatment exceeds 45 minutes, the density slightly increases and the working time increases. Therefore, a treatment time of 40 to 45 minutes that can satisfy both of high foamability and shortening of working time is adopted.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First, the coprecipitation method which is a foaming agent manufacturing method according to the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1 (a)-(e) is a coprecipitation method process drawing of the blowing agent according to the present invention.
In (a), the NaF aqueous solution 11 put in the container 10 is heated to about 40 ° C. by the heating means 12.
[0018]
In (b), the foamable powder 13 is put into the NaF aqueous solution 11. This foamable powder 13 is a carbonate compound such as calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) or magnesium carbonate (MgCO 3 ). This is because carbon dioxide gas (carbon dioxide gas) without the danger of explosion is generated, and as described later, the strength of the porous metal can be improved.
[0019]
The magnesium carbonate (MgCO 3 ) is easily obtained and produced by subjecting basic magnesium carbonate (4MgCO 3 · Mg (OH 2 ) · 5H 2 O), which is highly stable, to a dehydration treatment or the like. Can do.
[0020]
In (c), the NaF aqueous solution 11 and the foamable powder 13 are sufficiently stirred by the stirring means 14. The following reaction occurs by this stirring. Stirring is continued for 40 minutes to 45 minutes. The reason will be described later.
[0021]
[Chemical 1]
Figure 0003771488
[0022]
(Liquid) indicates a liquid (aqueous solution), and (solid) indicates a solid (powder or film).
When CaCO 3 powder is brought into contact with the NaF aqueous solution, F binds to Ca to form CaF 2 , but the remainder becomes Na 2 CO 3 (liquid) and is mixed with the NaF aqueous solution. That, CaCO 3 CaCO 3 powder surface in contact with NaF,換Ri CO 3 is placed on F, cover the CaCO 3 powder in the form of CaF 2 is fluoride.
[0023]
[Chemical 2]
Figure 0003771488
[0024]
When contacting the powder MgCO 3 to NaF solution, in contact MgCO 3 powder surface MgCO 3 is a NaF,換Ri CO 3 is placed on F, cover the MgCO 3 powder in the form of MgF 2 is fluoride .
[0025]
In (d), the mixed solution is filtered with a filter medium 15 such as filter paper. At this time, suctioning is facilitated by a filtering operation.
In (e), the desired foaming agent 20 is obtained by drying.
[0026]
FIG. 2 is a model diagram of the foaming agent according to the present invention. The foaming agent 20 covers the foamable powder 13 made of a carbonate-based compound (CaCO 3 powder or MgCO 3 powder) and the surface of the foamable powder 13. And a fluoride coating layer 21. The fluoride coating layer 21 is made of, for example, CaF 2 or MgF 2 .
[0027]
Next, a method for producing a foamed / porous metal using the foaming agent 20 having the above-described structure will be described.
FIGS. 3A to 3E are production process diagrams of foam / porous metal using the foaming agent of the present invention.
In (a), Si-based aluminum alloy 32 containing 7% silicon is put in crucible 31 and heated to about 700 ° C. by heater 33 to melt the metal. In addition, although this process and subsequent processes are implemented in a vacuum furnace when melting in vacuum, the vacuum furnace is omitted here.
[0028]
In (b), while stirring the molten metal 35 with the stirring means 34, the viscosity adjusting agent 36 of Ca or Mg is introduced into the molten metal 35 to adjust the viscosity.
In (c), an appropriate amount of the blowing agent 20 is further added to the molten metal 35.
[0029]
(D) shows that the amount of the molten metal 35 was increased because the foaming agent 20 was gasified. In this state, cooling is started.
In (e), the foam / porous metal 37 is obtained by removing from the crucible at an appropriate temperature and further cooling.
[0030]
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the density of the foamed / porous metal and the treatment time. The treatment time on the horizontal axis is the time from FIG. 1B to FIG. 1D, that is, the foamable powder is an NaF aqueous solution. It is time to touch.
Comparative Example 1 shows an example in which a Si-based aluminum alloy was foamed with CaCO 3 , which is a typical representative foaming agent, and the density of the obtained foam / porous metal was 1.8 Mg / m 3 .
[0031]
Comparative Example 2 shows an example in which a Si-based aluminum alloy was foamed with TiH 2 which is a conventional preferred foaming agent, and the density of the obtained foam / porous metal was 1.1 Mg / m 3 .
As shown by the white arrow on the right side of the graph, it can be seen that the smaller the density, the greater the foamability, and Comparative Example 2 has a much greater foamability than Comparative Example 1.
[0032]
This is because H contained in the foaming agent (TiH 2 ) used in Comparative Example 2 destroys the oxide film on the aluminum surface, and makes the aluminum and the foaming agent contact smoothly. As a result, this means that the foaming agent was well dispersed in the molten metal and the pores could be formed uniformly.
[0033]
Conversely, in Comparative Example 1, inexpensive and safe CaCO 3 was used as the foaming agent, but the surface of aluminum was covered with an oxide film, and the aluminum and the foaming agent were not sufficiently contacted. As a result, the foaming agent was melted. It means that it was insufficiently dispersed in the metal, the formation of holes was uneven, and a sufficient number of holes could not be formed.
[0034]
On the other hand, in the Example by this invention, it turned out that the foamability obtained largely depends on the processing time of a horizontal axis. That is, the processing time was the same as Comparative Example 1 within 10 minutes. However, if the treatment time is extended to 40 minutes or more, the foamability equivalent to that of Comparative Example 2 can be obtained. Therefore, the processing time is about 40 to 60 minutes.
[0035]
However, as is apparent from the graph, when the bottom is about 43 minutes and 60 minutes, the density increases, which is not preferable in terms of foamability. In addition, if the processing time is 60 minutes, productivity decreases.
Therefore, it was decided to adopt 40 to 45 minutes as the processing time that can satisfy both the optimization of the processing time and the securing of the low density.
[0036]
If the processing time is properly extended, the fluoride coating layer 21 shown in FIG. 2 is sufficiently grown and the film thickness is increased. As the film thickness increases, the amount of fluoride held by the foaming agent increases proportionally, and this fluoride actively destroys the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum alloy. It can be said that.
Here, it is important that the foaming agent of the present invention comprises a foamable powder made of a carbide-based compound (CaCO 3 powder or MgCO 3 powder) and a fluoride coating layer covering the surface of the foamable powder, It is inexpensive and has no danger of hydrogen explosion.
[0037]
In addition to the coprecipitation method described in FIG. 1, the foaming agent of the present invention can also be produced by the evaporation method described below.
5 (a) to 5 (c) are process diagrams for the method of evaporating the foaming agent according to the present invention.
In (a), the foamable powder 13 is put into the NaF aqueous solution 11 put in the container 10.
In (b), the NaF aqueous solution 11 and the foamable powder 13 are stirred while being heated by the heating means 12. The following reaction occurs by this stirring.
[0038]
[Chemical 3]
Figure 0003771488
[0039]
[Formula 4]
Figure 0003771488
[0040]
The details of the reaction have been described above and will be omitted.
In (c), the container 10 is continuously heated by the heating means 12 to evaporate the moisture, and as a result, the foaming agent 20 is obtained. The cross-sectional structure of the foaming agent 20 is as described in FIG.
[0041]
Next, the diameter of the hole included in the porous metal will be described.
FIGS. 6A to 6C are schematic diagrams showing the growth of bubbles according to the present invention.
In (a), it is assumed that three particles (CaCO 3 is coated with CaF 2 , but CaF 2 is omitted for the sake of illustration) are mixed in the molten aluminum. When these particles are heated, CaCO 3 is decomposed into CO 2 and CaO. CO 2 is gasified to foam, and CaO is a residue.
[0042]
(B) shows that three bubbles of CO 2 gas are generated, and shows that these bubbles are surrounded by CaO residue. Since CaO has poor wettability with aluminum, it is present in the form of particles without being dissolved in the molten aluminum.
In (c), the CaO residue covers the foam surface by the attractive force of the CO 2 gas foam. Then, this CaO residue exhibits the role of a barrier.
That is, even if one CO 2 gas bubble attracts another CO 2 gas bubble, the barrier is effective and does not merge.
[0043]
According to the experiment, the average pore diameter due to CO 2 bubbles in (c) was 0.86 mm. On the other hand, the average hole diameter due to H 2 bubbles in FIG. 7C was 1.4 mm. When the hole is a sphere, the volume is 0.22 (0.22 = (0.86 / 1.4) 3 ) compared to the conventional example 1.0, which is much higher rigidity than the conventional example. The porous metal can be obtained. If the total volume of pores per unit volume is the same, in the embodiment, the number of small holes five times that of the conventional example is dispersed in the porous metal.
[0044]
In FIG. 6A, when CaCO 3 is changed to MgCO 3 , MgO covers the surface of the CO 2 bubbles in FIG. 6C, and MgO plays the role of a barrier.
Therefore, if the foamable powder is a carbonate-based compound, the pore diameter can be similarly reduced.
[0045]
The foam / porous metal is basically an aluminum alloy, but any metal (including alloy) may be used, and examples thereof include magnesium alloy, iron-based alloy, and stainless steel.
Fluoride is a compound containing an F group, and the kind thereof is not limited.
[0046]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention exhibits the following effects by the above configuration.
Since the foaming agent according to claim 1 is only a foamed powder coated with fluoride, it is inexpensive and there is no danger of hydrogen explosion when using a foamable powder containing no H group. .
[0047]
If the foamable powder is a carbonate-based compound, the carbonate-based compound decomposes into carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and a residue in the molten metal, and the residue acts as a barrier surrounding the surface of the CO 2 foam. In effect, the coalescence of bubbles is prevented and the bubbles are prevented from growing. As a result, a large number of small holes exist in the metal, and the rigidity of the porous metal is increased.
[0048]
Therefore, according to claim 1, it is possible to provide a porous metal with high strength and without fear of hydrogen explosion.
[0049]
In the manufacturing method of Claim 2, the time which carries out contact processing of fluoride aqueous solution to foamable powder was set to 40 to 45 minutes. If the contact treatment time is 40 to 45 minutes, both large foaming properties and shortening of working time can be achieved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 Process diagram of co-precipitation method of foaming agent according to the present invention FIG. 2 Model diagram of foaming agent according to the present invention FIG. 3 Process diagram of manufacturing foam / porous metal using the foaming agent FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the density of the foamed / porous metal and the treatment time. FIG. 5 is a process chart of the evaporation method of the foaming agent according to the present invention. [Fig. 7] Schematic diagram showing conventional bubble growth [Explanation of symbols]
13 ... foaming powder, 20 ... foaming agent, 21 ... fluoride coating layer, 37 ... foam / porous metal.

Claims (2)

発泡/多孔質金属を製造するときに用いる発泡剤であり、発泡性粉末と、この粉末の表面を覆うフッ化物コーティング層とからなる発泡剤において、前記発泡性粉末は、炭酸塩系化合物であることを特徴とする発泡/多孔質金属製造用発泡剤。A foaming agent used when producing a foamed / porous metal, and comprising a foamable powder and a fluoride coating layer covering the surface of the powder, wherein the foamable powder is a carbonate-based compound. A foaming agent for producing foamed / porous metal. フッ化物水溶液に炭酸塩系化合物からなる発泡性粉末を入れ、攪拌して前記発泡性粉末の表面にフッ化物コーティング層を形成する発泡/多孔質金属製造用発泡剤の製造方法において、前記発泡性粉末にフッ化物水溶液を接触処理するときの処理時間を40〜45分に設定したことを特徴とする発泡/多孔質金属製造用発泡剤の製造方法。In the method for producing a foaming agent for producing a foam / porous metal, a foamable powder comprising a carbonate-based compound is placed in an aqueous fluoride solution and stirred to form a fluoride coating layer on the surface of the foamable powder. A method for producing a foaming agent for foaming / porous metal production, characterized in that the treatment time when an aqueous fluoride solution is contact-treated with powder is set to 40 to 45 minutes.
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