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JP3773006B2 - Formable nonwoven fabric and method for producing the same - Google Patents
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JP3773006B2 - Formable nonwoven fabric and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Formable nonwoven fabric and method for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3773006B2
JP3773006B2 JP274997A JP274997A JP3773006B2 JP 3773006 B2 JP3773006 B2 JP 3773006B2 JP 274997 A JP274997 A JP 274997A JP 274997 A JP274997 A JP 274997A JP 3773006 B2 JP3773006 B2 JP 3773006B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
nonwoven fabric
core
sheath
fibers
fiber
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JPH10226952A (en
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公夫 川戸
博明 西村
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Toyobo Co Ltd
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Toyobo Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、通気度が高く、軽量で耐摩耗性及び特に低温成型性に優れた成型性不織布及びその製造法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、不織布は織物の代替として広範囲に使用されているが、その大部分は不織布そのままの形状で用いられる。不織布、特にスパンボンド法による不織布は、通気性及びクッション性を有するので、成型材として用いる試みが行なわれている。
【0003】
例えば、特開昭51−4047号公報には長繊維不織布シートをニードルパンチすることによって、繊維の一部を切断し、成型特性の改善を図る事などが知られている。しかしながら、深絞り成型は、複雑な成型で繊維ずれが生じやすく、又成型品は、型くずれし易く保型性が乏しい。
米国特許第3523149号、第3847729号明細書には未延伸繊維で造られた不織シートを成型材料に用いられることが開示されているが、このシートでは多量の樹脂を接着剤として用い、且つ重合体フイルムと貼り合わせて真空成型材料という特定の分野のみ使用するものであり、成型性不織布としては、一般的に使用することが出来ないという欠点があった。
又、特公平8−19614号公報には未延伸繊維からなる不織シートを成型材料として用いて、不織シートを乾燥条件下で緊張熱セットすることが開示されている。この場合、不織シートは高温下では伸び易く、容易に変形する為、成型加工性が優れているが、不織布を構成するフィラメントがランダムに配列している為、成形加工時に比較的高い成形加工温度を必要とし、低温での変形対応が不十分で成形加工における生産性が悪いという課題があった。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の不織布は、構成糸がランダムに積層しているため、成形時の変形は変形応力の弱い部分に集中し、その応力が破断応力以上になったときに破れが発生する。例えば、図5は従来の不織布をモデル的に示すものであるが、不織布を(c)の状態からXY方向に面積で2倍伸長して(d)の状態にしたときに部分的な単糸切れが発生し破れが発生することになる。特に不織布は、部分的なバラツキが多く、改善が困難である。
【0005】
そこで、本発明は、図4の(a)に示すように、繊維を一方向に強制的に並べることで繊維方向への伸長は、接点の変形抵抗による変形応力の集中を緩和し、又、繊維方向以外は、接着点以外の繊維間距離が拡大するといったことで単糸、接着点に応力を集中させないようにし、図4の(b)に示すように面積で2倍伸長(XY方向に)したときでも、成型加工時の応力集中を防ぐとともに、一方向(繊維方向)に応力を集中することで、低温加工を可能とすることを見出し、成型加工物の生産性向上及び複雑な深絞り加工を可能にし、繊維間距離が成形時に拡大するために通気度が高く、耐摩耗性及び特に低温成型性に優れたさらには難燃性にも優れた成型性不織布及びその製造法を提供せんとするものである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、前記課題を解決するために次の手段をとるものである。すなわち、本発明は、ポリエステル系未延伸繊維からなる不織布であつて、該不織布の長さ方向の縦断面における不織布厚さ方向の繊維直径DT と不織布長さ方向の繊維直径DL の比DT /DL が0.8〜1.2の範囲にある繊維が前記縦断面における全繊維数の60%以上を占め、前記未延伸繊維は芯成分がポリエチレンテレフタレートまたは共重合ポリエステルからなり、鞘成分が芯成分の共重合ポリエステルからなり、芯鞘重量比が5/5〜9/1の範囲にある芯鞘型複合繊維からなり、前記不織布の110℃における破断伸度が400%以上で、110℃における100%伸長時応力が目付当たり3gf以下であることを特徴とする成型性不織布である。
【0007】
さらに、本発明は、ポリエチレンテレフタレートまたは共重合ポリエステルを芯成分として、芯成分の共重合ポリエステルより低い融点の共重合ポリエステルを鞘成分として芯鞘重量比を5/5〜9/1の範囲になるようにして芯鞘型のポリエステル系未延伸繊維のフィラメントを多数の紡糸孔を有する矩形ノズルから紡出し、ついでスリット状エアージェット装置に供給し、その下方で不織布の幅方向に繊維が配列するようにしてウェッブを製造し、その後鞘成分のポリマーを溶融して芯成分同士を接着することを特徴とする成型性不織布の製造法である。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明において、未延伸繊維が複屈折率(Δn)で70×10-3以下の値をとること、また、不織布の目付が30〜300g/m2 であること、リン酸系難燃剤がリン濃度として不織布重量に対して0.1〜3重量%含まれること、さらに耐摩耗性が4級以上であること、また、通気度が60〜100cm3 /(cm2 ・sec)の範囲にあることは、好ましい実施の形態である。
【0009】
以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。本発明の成型性不織布は、ポリエステル系未延伸繊維の芯鞘型複合繊維からなる。これは、適度の接着強度を得るためであり、深い凹凸の成型性を確保するとともに保型性を確保するためである。
ここでポリエステル系未延伸繊維が選択されるのは、深しぼりの成型性を確保するためである。なお、未延伸繊維としては、複屈折率(Δn)が70×10-3以下のものが好ましく、さらに5×10-3〜40×10-3が好ましい。
ポリエステル系未延伸繊維に用いるポリエステルとは、ポリエチレンテレフタレートやポリブチレンテレフタレートまたはイソフタル酸、アジピン酸、ナフタレン−2,6−ジカルボン酸セバンチン酸、パラオキシ安息香酸の酸成分や、エチレングリコール1,4ブタンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール、ポリアルキレングリコール等のグリコール成分40モル%以下で共重合された共重合ポリエステルであってかついずれも繊維形成性を有するものであれば特に限定するものではない。該共重合ポリエステルを芯成分、鞘成分に用いる場合には、鞘成分の融点は、芯成分の融点よりも低いものを選ぶことが好ましい。
また、通常使用されている添加剤、例えば、塗料、顔料、艶消剤、制電剤、抗菌剤を含んでも良く、重合度については、通常の繊維成型用の範囲内であれば特に制限はない。
【0010】
リン酸系難燃剤をリン濃度として不織布全重量に対して、0.1〜3重量%含むことにより、難燃性を不織布に付与することが出来る。この様な難燃剤としては、一般に公知のものを用いることが出来る。例えば、特公昭45−8214号公報記載のビス(ハロアルキル)、ホスホロキシ、ハロアルキルホスホネート等を挙げることが出来る。本発明においては、不織布にリン酸系難燃剤をリン濃度として不織布重量に対して0.1〜3重量%含ませることができる。リン濃度が0.1重量%未満であると、所望の難燃性を保持できず、一方リン濃度が3重量%を越えると紡糸、延伸時に糸が破断しやすく、操業性が低下する。又、理由は不明であるが、構成成分にこのリン酸系難燃剤を付加すると成形性が向上することもある。
【0011】
芯鞘の比率については、5/5〜9/1の範囲にあるのが好ましい。5/5未満の場合には不織布の接着強度が高くなり、高温成型時に単糸及び接点間の移動が困難であるため、成型破れが発生したり、成型加工時に応力が大きくなるために、深い凹凸の成型が困難となり好ましくない。
他方、芯鞘の比率が9/1をこえると不織布の接点強度が低くなり、成型加工時に単糸外れが生じ保型性に乏しくなり好ましくない。
成型性不織布としての耐摩耗性及び成型用に優れた不織布を得るには、芯鞘の比率は6/4〜8/2の範囲が好ましい。
【0012】
次に本発明の不織布にあってはその繊維構造に特徴がある。すなわち、繊維を幅方向に配列することにより構成フィラメントを最密充填化し芯鞘型複合繊維で交点を形成することで、繊維配列方向に対して応力が集中しやすく低温の条件でも伸びやすいことを見出して発明されたものである。
従来のスパンボンド法(ランダムウェブ)では、繊維の配列が無秩序で凸部エンボスで接点を形成し密度を高めていた。この方法では、成型加工時の応力は、繊維の並び方向に応力の分散が発生しやすく接点部及びフィラメントを高温で予熱しないと伸び難いという欠点があった。
【0013】
これらの点について、さらに図にしたがって説明する。図1〜3は本発明にかかるもので、図1は不織布Fを巻取部Rに巻き取る部分の斜視図であり、矢印方向は不織布Fの長さ方向を示す。ここで、不織布Fのb部分を拡大したものが図2に示される。図2においてfは繊維である。図3は図2において III−III 線に沿って矢印方向に見た不織布のモデル断面図である。ここで、不織布長さ方向の縦断面の不織布厚さ方向の直径DT と不織布長さ方向の直径DL の比DT /DL が0.8〜1.2の範囲にある繊維が、本発明において重要な役目を果たし、該繊維が前記縦断面における全繊維の60%以上を占めることが必要である。DT /DL が0.8未満及び1.2をこえるものは、不織布の幅方向からの繊維の傾きが大きくなるので変形しにくくなり、好ましくない。さらに好ましくは、DT /DL は0.8〜1の範囲が好ましい。
また、60%に満たないものは、加工時応力が分散しやすく、高温で予熱しないと成型破れが発生し、所望の成型性を達成できないことになる。60%以上とすることにより、製品特性即ち繊維配列方向に低応力で伸びやすく低温加工を可能にすることができる。
【0014】
図6〜8は従来のスパンボンド法によるもので、図6は不織布F′を巻取部R′に巻き取る部分の斜視図である。図8は、図6のb′部分を拡大した図7においてVIII−VIII線に沿って矢印方向に見たもので、図8においてDT /DL の比が0.3位のもので、またかかる繊維も46%を占めるにすぎず、低温成型に不向きな構造である。
【0015】
成形加工性を判断するには、成形加工温度範囲(通常90〜120℃)での破断伸度が高く、伸長時応力が低い事が好ましい。破断伸度が大きいことは、深い凹凸の成型や複雑形状の成型を行っても破れず成型できることであり、成型加工時の応力が小さいことは、型への馴染みが良い変形の容易な成型を行うために好ましい。本発明では、特に代表的な成形加工条件として、110℃での破断伸度及び100%伸長時応力で成形加工性を評価した。即ち、本発明における要件、110℃熱時の破断伸度が400%以上で好ましくは500〜800%で、110℃での100%伸長時応力が、目付当たり3gf以下で好ましくは、1.0〜2.7gfであることが、低温成形では必要であると言われている。
【0016】
又、不織布の目付は、30g/m2 〜300g/m2 迄の間であることが好ましい。目付が、30g/m2 未満の場合は、機械的強度が低下し、深い凹凸の成型に耐えられない。一方、300g/m2 を越えると、成型が行い難くなる。好ましくは40g/m2 〜200g/m2 の範囲であることが望ましい。
【0017】
次に、本発明の製造法について説明する。ポリエチレンテレフタレートまたは共重合ポリエステルを芯成分として、芯成分の共重合ポリエステルより低い融点の共重合ポリエステルを鞘成分として芯鞘重量比5/5〜9/1の範囲になるようにして芯鞘型のポリエステル系未延伸繊維のフィラメントを多数の紡糸孔を有する矩形ノズルから紡出し、ついでスリット状エアージェット装置に供給し、その下方で不織布の幅方向に繊維が配列するようにしてウェブを製造する。具体的な手段として偏向誘導板(特公昭57−48657号公報)を用いるのが好ましい。
【0018】
ついで、鞘成分のポリマーを溶融して芯成分同士を接着して成型性不織布を製造する。
【0019】
【実施例】
以下に本発明を実施例にもとづいて説明する。本発明において用いた測定方法は以下のとおりである。
ア.複屈折率(Δn)
ニコン偏光顕微鏡POH型ライツ社ベレックコンペンセーターを用い、光源としてはスペクトル光源用起動装置(東芝SLS−3−E型)を用いた(Na光源)。5〜6mmの長さの繊維軸に対し45℃の角度に切断した試料を、切断面を上にしてスライドグラスの上にのせて測定する。その他の条件は特開昭59−187602号公報記載の方法による。
【0020】
イ.DT /DL の比および幅方向配向繊維比率
不織布長さ方向の縦断面における各繊維の直径DT と直径DL の比が0.8〜1.2である繊維数の前記縦断面における全繊維数に対する割合は次の様に求めた。試料不織布を長さ方向に切断し、その縦断面を走査型電子顕微鏡で100倍に拡大し、断面全体が写真の中に収まっている繊維の中から、任意に100本選び各繊維のDT とDL をノギスで測定した。その中からDT /DL 比が0.8〜1.2である繊維本数をカウントし、百分率とした。
【0021】
ウ.通気度
JIS L 1096の通気度測定法(A法)に準じて測定した。なお、具体的には下記に示すとおりである。
(株)東洋精機製作所のフラジール型試験機を用い、円筒の一端に適当な大きさの試験片を取り付けた後、加減抵抗器によって傾斜形気圧計が水柱1.27cmの圧力を示すように吸い込みファンを調整し、そのときの垂直型気圧計の示す圧力と、使用した空気孔の種類とから、試験機に付属の表によって試験片を通過する空気量cm3 /(cm2 ・sec)を求める。
【0022】
エ.耐摩耗性
JIS L 1096摩耗強さC法(テーバ形法)に準じて測定した。
(株)安田精機製作所のテーバ式試験機を用い、直径13cmの円形試験片を採取し、各試験片の中心に直径約6mmの孔を開け、テーバ形摩耗試験機を用い試験片の表面を上にして、試験ホルダーのゴムマット上に取り付ける。次いで摩耗輪(No.CS−10)を試験片の上に載せて、250gの荷重をかけて、1分間当たり約70回の速度で100回摩擦する。
試験後の試験片の外観変化の状態を規定の限度写真と比較して等級付けする。
【0023】
オ.破断伸度、100%伸長時応力
JIS L 1906の引張強さの測定法に準じた。
標準時と同試験機に恒温炉を取り付け、110℃の恒温炉の中へ5×12.5cmの試験片をつかみ間隔2.5cmにして取り付ける。再び110℃になった時点から1分後、20±2cm/minの引張速度で試験片が切断するまで荷重を加える。目付当たりの100%伸長時応力は100%伸長時の応力値を目付(g/m2 )で割ることにより求めた。
【0024】
カ.加工性評価
加工性の評価方法として、直径20mm、深さ35mmの円筒状凸部を縦方向に20個、横方向に25個、計500個でそのピッチは各々20mmとした成形用金型で110℃でプレス成形加工したときの成形破れ個数で評価した。
破れ率(%)=(破れ個数/500個)×100
○は破れ率1%以下、△は10%以下、×は30%以下を示す。
【0025】
キ.難燃性の試験は以下のようにして行った。
消防法:ミクロバーナー法により、炭化面積30cm2 以下、残炎時間3秒以下、残じん時間5秒以下であるものを合格とした。
FMVSS302:自動車内装用水平法により、燃焼速度4inch/分以下のものを合格とした。
【0026】
ク.紡糸・延伸操業性は、紡糸・延伸工程での糸切れ発生を日及び錘の平均値として求めた。
【0027】
実施例1〜3
極限粘度(フェノール/テトラクロロエタン=6/4重量比、30℃で測定)が0.63のポリエチレンテレフタレートを芯成分として、該ポリエチレンテレフタレートの重合時、テレフタル酸に対して、リン酸系難燃剤をリン濃度=1.5重量%を添加して共重合させたポリエステルを鞘成分とし、芯成分:鞘成分重量比が、8:2の芯鞘複合繊維を直径0.5mm、長さ1.5mmのオリフィス(孔)315個を有する矩形ノズルから、温度280℃で吐出量を表1に示す様に変えて、吐出されたフィラメントを、紡糸速度1000m/分のスリット状エアージェット装置に供給し、その下方で偏向誘導板により、幅方向に繊維が配列したウェッブを得た。
次いで得られたウェッブを上下2枚のネットコンベア間に挟み、加工速度30m/分、170℃×4.3m/secの熱風を貫通させ、鞘成分のポリマーを溶融し芯成分のポリエチレンテレフタレート長繊維を接着した。
この様にして得られた長繊維不織布(目付量100g/m2 )の機能を表1に示す。
【0028】
【表1】

Figure 0003773006
【0029】
比較例1
実施例と同様にして、ポリエステル系未延伸繊維フィラメントを得た。このポリエステルフィラメントを実施例1と同様に、エアジェット装置に供給し、偏向誘導板に衝突させずにランダムな配列のウェッブを得た。次いで得られた100g/m2 のウェッブを圧着面積15%、エンボスロールとフラットロール間で、上下ロール温度150℃、線圧30kg/cm、速度30m/分で熱圧着を施した。
【0030】
比較例2
実施例1と同様のポリマーを使用し、紡速5000m/分、複屈折Δn=98×10-3の配向結晶化したポリエステルフィラメントを得た。
このポリエステルフィラメントを実施例1と同様に、エアジェット装置に供給し、偏向誘導板に衝突させずにランダムな配列のウェッブを得た。
次いで得られた目付100g/m2 のウェッブを比較例1同様に圧着面積15%、エンボスロールとフラットロール間で、上下ロール温度150℃、線圧30kg/cm、速度30m/分で熱圧着を施した。同じく表1にあらわした。
【0031】
表1から、次のことが確認された。
実施例1〜3はいずれも不織布を構成する繊維の幅方向配向比率が60%以上である。通気度も高く、耐摩耗性に優れ、110℃での破断伸度も400%以上でかつ110℃伸長時の応力は目付当たり3gf以下で低温成形性に優れた不織布であり、プレス成形時の破れ率も1%以下であり歩留りが良く生産性も高かった。
一方、比較例1の不織布はポリエステル系未延伸繊維からなるランダムウェッブで、幅方向配向比率が32%と小さく、通気度、耐摩耗性も低い。又、110℃での破断伸度も低く、110℃伸長時応力は、目付当たり4.5gfと高いものであり、プレス成形時の破れ率が10%以上で歩留りが悪く生産性の低下を招いた。
比較例2の不織布は、幅方向配列繊維比率21%と小さく、通気度、耐摩耗性及び110℃での破断伸度も極端に低く、加工時応力も高いものであり、プレス成形時の破れ率が30%以上と生産性の乏しい不織布であった。
【0032】
実施例4〜6
実施例2と同様のポリエチレンテレフタレートを芯成分とし、コポリエステル及びポリブチレンテレフタレートの混合ポリマー(混合重合比率50/50)を鞘成分とする芯鞘型複合繊維において、この鞘成分及び芯成分にビス(ハロアルキル)ホスホロキシ・ハロアルキルホスホネートを表2に示したリン濃度となるように添加混合した以外は、実施例2と同様にして実施例4〜6のポリエステルフィラメントを得た。これらのポリエステルフィラメントから実施例2と同様に長繊維不織布(目付量100g/m2 )を得た。これらの性能を表2に示す。
【0033】
【表2】
Figure 0003773006
【0034】
表2から次のことが確認された。
表2より、実施例4〜6の不織布はいずれも、実施例2との比較において難燃性が付与されている。鞘部のみにリン化合物を添加した実施例5では、紡糸・延伸操業性も非常に優れている。実施例6では、リン化合物添加濃度がやや高いために紡糸・延伸操業性が若干低下している。
【0035】
【発明の効果】
本発明の成型性不織布は、低温成型性に優れ、さらに軽量で通気度高く耐摩耗性に優れ、さらには難燃性にも優れたものであり、また、本発明方法によればかかる成型性不織布を安定して製造されうる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の不織布の巻取部を示す斜視図である。
【図2】不織布の一部の拡大図である。
【図3】不織布の長さ方向縦断面のモデル図である。
【図4】本発明不織布をXY方向に2倍伸長したときの状態図である。
【図5】従来の不織布をXY方向に2倍伸長したときの状態図である。
【図6】従来の不織布の巻取部の斜視図である。
【図7】不織布の一部の拡大図である。
【図8】従来不織布の長さ方向の縦断面のモデル図である。
【符号の説明】
f 繊維
T 不織布厚さ方向の繊維直径
L 不織布長さ方向の繊維直径[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a moldable nonwoven fabric having high air permeability, light weight, excellent wear resistance and particularly low temperature moldability, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, non-woven fabrics are widely used as an alternative to woven fabrics, but most of them are used in the form of non-woven fabrics as they are. Since the nonwoven fabric, especially the nonwoven fabric by the spunbond method has air permeability and cushioning properties, attempts have been made to use it as a molding material.
[0003]
For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 51-4047 discloses that a long-fiber nonwoven fabric sheet is needle-punched to cut a part of the fiber to improve molding characteristics. However, in deep drawing, fiber misalignment is likely to occur due to complicated molding, and molded products tend to lose shape and have poor shape retention.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,523,149 and 3,847,729 disclose that a nonwoven sheet made of unstretched fibers can be used as a molding material. In this sheet, a large amount of resin is used as an adhesive, and It is bonded to a polymer film and used only in a specific field of vacuum forming material, and has a disadvantage that it cannot be generally used as a moldable nonwoven fabric.
Japanese Patent Publication No. 8-19614 discloses that a nonwoven sheet made of unstretched fibers is used as a molding material, and the nonwoven sheet is tension-heat set under dry conditions. In this case, the nonwoven sheet is easy to stretch at high temperatures and easily deforms, so it has excellent moldability, but the filaments that make up the nonwoven fabric are randomly arranged, so the molding process is relatively high during the molding process. There is a problem that temperature is required, deformation at low temperatures is insufficient, and productivity in molding is poor.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the conventional nonwoven fabric, since the constituent yarns are randomly laminated, the deformation at the time of molding concentrates on the portion where the deformation stress is weak, and the tear occurs when the stress exceeds the breaking stress. For example, FIG. 5 shows a conventional non-woven fabric as a model, but when the non-woven fabric is expanded from the state (c) in the XY direction by 2 times in area to the state (d), a partial single yarn Cutting occurs and tearing occurs. In particular, the nonwoven fabric has many partial variations and is difficult to improve.
[0005]
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4A, the present invention forcibly aligns the fibers in one direction, so that the extension in the fiber direction alleviates the concentration of deformation stress due to the deformation resistance of the contacts, Except in the fiber direction, the distance between fibers other than the bonding point is increased so that the stress is not concentrated on the single yarn and the bonding point, and the area is doubled (in the XY direction) as shown in FIG. ), It is found that low-temperature processing is possible by concentrating stress in one direction (fiber direction) while preventing stress concentration at the time of molding processing. Providing a formable nonwoven fabric that enables drawing and has high air permeability because the distance between fibers is increased during molding, and has excellent wear resistance, especially low-temperature formability, and also flame resistance, and a method for producing the same. It is something to be done.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention takes the following means to solve the above problems. That is, the present invention shall apply in nonwoven fabric made of polyester undrawn fiber, the ratio of fiber diameter D L of the fiber diameter D T and the nonwoven fabric length direction of the nonwoven fabric thickness direction in longitudinal section in the length direction of the nonwoven fabric D Fibers having a T / D L in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 occupy 60% or more of the total number of fibers in the longitudinal section, and the unstretched fibers are made of polyethylene terephthalate or copolymer polyester, and the sheath The component consists of a copolyester of the core component, the core-sheath composite fiber having a core-sheath weight ratio in the range of 5/5 to 9/1, and the elongation at break of the nonwoven fabric at 110 ° C. is 400% or more, The moldable nonwoven fabric has a stress at 100% elongation at 110 ° C. of 3 gf or less per unit weight.
[0007]
Furthermore, the present invention provides a core-sheath weight ratio in the range of 5/5 to 9/1 using polyethylene terephthalate or copolymer polyester as a core component, and a copolymer polyester having a melting point lower than that of the core component copolymer polyester as a sheath component. In this way, the filament of the core-sheath type polyester-based unstretched fiber is spun from a rectangular nozzle having a large number of spinning holes, then supplied to the slit-like air jet device, and the fibers are arranged in the width direction of the nonwoven fabric below that. Then, a web is manufactured, and then the polymer of the sheath component is melted to bond the core components together.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, the unstretched fiber has a birefringence (Δn) of 70 × 10 −3 or less, the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric is 30 to 300 g / m 2 , and the phosphoric acid flame retardant is phosphorus. The concentration is 0.1 to 3% by weight based on the weight of the nonwoven fabric, the wear resistance is 4th grade or more, and the air permeability is in the range of 60 to 100 cm 3 / (cm 2 · sec). This is a preferred embodiment.
[0009]
The present invention is described in detail below. The moldable nonwoven fabric of the present invention comprises a core-sheath type composite fiber of polyester unstretched fiber. This is for obtaining an appropriate adhesive strength, and for ensuring the moldability of deep irregularities and ensuring the shape retention.
Here, the polyester-based unstretched fibers are selected in order to ensure deep-drawing moldability. The unstretched fiber preferably has a birefringence (Δn) of 70 × 10 −3 or less, and more preferably 5 × 10 −3 to 40 × 10 −3 .
Polyester used for polyester unstretched fibers is polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate or isophthalic acid, adipic acid, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid sevantic acid, paraoxybenzoic acid acid component, ethylene glycol 1,4 butanediol There is no particular limitation as long as it is a copolyester copolymerized with 40 mol% or less of a glycol component such as neopentyl glycol or polyalkylene glycol, and both have fiber-forming properties. When the copolymer polyester is used for the core component and the sheath component, it is preferable to select a sheath component having a melting point lower than that of the core component.
Further, commonly used additives such as paints, pigments, matting agents, antistatic agents, antibacterial agents may be included, and the degree of polymerization is not particularly limited as long as it is within the range for normal fiber molding. Absent.
[0010]
Flame retardant properties can be imparted to the nonwoven fabric by including a phosphoric flame retardant in the phosphorous concentration in an amount of 0.1 to 3% by weight based on the total weight of the nonwoven fabric. As such a flame retardant, generally known ones can be used. For example, bis (haloalkyl), phosphoroxy, haloalkylphosphonate and the like described in JP-B-45-8214 may be mentioned. In the present invention, the non-woven fabric can contain a phosphoric flame retardant in a phosphorous concentration of 0.1 to 3% by weight with respect to the non-woven fabric weight. If the phosphorus concentration is less than 0.1% by weight, the desired flame retardancy cannot be maintained. On the other hand, if the phosphorus concentration exceeds 3% by weight, the yarn is liable to break during spinning and drawing, and the operability is lowered. Although the reason is unknown, if this phosphoric acid flame retardant is added to the constituent components, the moldability may be improved.
[0011]
About the ratio of a core sheath, it is preferable to exist in the range of 5 / 5-9 / 1. In the case of less than 5/5, the adhesive strength of the nonwoven fabric is high, and it is difficult to move between the single yarn and the contact point at the time of high-temperature molding. Unevenness is difficult to mold, which is not preferable.
On the other hand, if the ratio of the core-sheath exceeds 9/1, the contact strength of the nonwoven fabric is lowered, and the single yarn comes off during the molding process, resulting in poor shape retention.
In order to obtain a non-woven fabric excellent in wear resistance and molding as a moldable nonwoven fabric, the ratio of the core sheath is preferably in the range of 6/4 to 8/2.
[0012]
Next, the nonwoven fabric of the present invention is characterized by its fiber structure. In other words, by arranging the fibers in the width direction to close-pack the constituent filaments and forming intersections with the core-sheath type composite fiber, it is easy for stress to concentrate in the fiber arrangement direction and to extend easily even at low temperature conditions. It was discovered and invented.
In the conventional spunbond method (random web), the fiber arrangement is disordered, and contacts are formed by convex embossing to increase the density. In this method, the stress at the time of molding processing has a drawback that stress is likely to be dispersed in the fiber arrangement direction and is difficult to extend unless the contact portion and the filament are preheated at a high temperature.
[0013]
These points will be further described with reference to the drawings. 1 to 3 relate to the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a portion where the nonwoven fabric F is wound around the winding portion R, and the arrow direction indicates the length direction of the nonwoven fabric F. Here, what expanded the b part of the nonwoven fabric F is shown by FIG. In FIG. 2, f is a fiber. FIG. 3 is a model cross-sectional view of the nonwoven fabric as viewed in the direction of the arrow along the line III-III in FIG. Here, fiber ratio D T / D L of the diameter D T and the nonwoven fabric length direction of the diameter D L of the non-woven fabric thickness direction of the longitudinal section of the nonwoven fabric length direction is in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 is, It plays an important role in the present invention, and it is necessary that the fibers occupy 60% or more of the total fibers in the longitudinal section. Those in which D T / D L is less than 0.8 and more than 1.2 are not preferable because the inclination of fibers from the width direction of the nonwoven fabric becomes large and deformation is difficult. More preferably, D T / D L is preferably in the range of 0.8 to 1.
In addition, if it is less than 60%, the stress at the time of processing tends to disperse, and if it is not preheated at a high temperature, the molding is broken and the desired moldability cannot be achieved. By setting it to 60% or more, the product characteristics, that is, the low-stressing can be easily performed with low stress in the fiber arrangement direction.
[0014]
FIGS. 6-8 are based on the conventional spunbond method, and FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a portion for winding the nonwoven fabric F ′ around the winding portion R ′. FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of the b ′ portion of FIG. 6 as viewed in the direction of the arrow along the line VIII-VIII in FIG. 8. In FIG. 8, the ratio of D T / D L is about 0.3. In addition, such fibers account for only 46% and are unsuitable for low temperature molding.
[0015]
In order to judge the molding processability, it is preferable that the elongation at break in the molding processing temperature range (usually 90 to 120 ° C.) is high and the stress at elongation is low. High elongation at break means that even if deep irregularities or complex shapes are molded, it can be molded without tearing.Small stress at the time of molding means that molding is easy to deform with good familiarity to the mold. Preferred to do. In the present invention, particularly as typical molding process conditions, the molding processability was evaluated based on the breaking elongation at 110 ° C. and the stress at 100% elongation. That is, the requirement in the present invention is that the elongation at break when heated at 110 ° C. is 400% or more, preferably 500 to 800%, and the stress at 100% elongation at 110 ° C. is preferably 3 gf or less per unit weight, preferably 1.0 It is said that it is necessary for low temperature molding to be ˜2.7 gf.
[0016]
Also, the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric is preferably between up to 30g / m 2 ~300g / m 2 . When the basis weight is less than 30 g / m 2 , the mechanical strength is lowered, and it cannot withstand the formation of deep irregularities. On the other hand, when it exceeds 300 g / m 2 , molding becomes difficult. Preferably is preferably in the range of 40g / m 2 ~200g / m 2 .
[0017]
Next, the manufacturing method of this invention is demonstrated. The core-sheath type is composed of polyethylene terephthalate or copolymer polyester as a core component, and a copolymer polyester having a melting point lower than that of the core component copolymer polyester as a sheath component so that the core-sheath weight ratio is in the range of 5/5 to 9/1. A filament of polyester unstretched fibers is spun from a rectangular nozzle having a large number of spinning holes, then supplied to a slit-like air jet device, and a web is produced so that the fibers are arranged in the width direction of the nonwoven fabric below. As a specific means, it is preferable to use a deflection guide plate (Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-48657).
[0018]
Next, the polymer of the sheath component is melted and the core components are bonded together to produce a moldable nonwoven fabric.
[0019]
【Example】
The present invention will be described below based on examples. The measuring method used in the present invention is as follows.
A. Birefringence (Δn)
A Nikon Polarized Light Microscope POH-type Lights Belek Compensator was used, and a spectrum light source activation device (Toshiba SLS-3-E type) was used as the light source (Na light source). A sample cut at an angle of 45 ° C. with respect to a fiber axis having a length of 5 to 6 mm is measured by placing it on a slide glass with the cut surface facing up. Other conditions are according to the method described in JP-A-59-187602.
[0020]
I. Ratio of D T / D L and width-oriented fiber ratio In the longitudinal section of the number of fibers in which the ratio of the diameter D T and the diameter D L of each fiber in the longitudinal section in the nonwoven fabric length direction is 0.8 to 1.2 The ratio to the total number of fibers was determined as follows. Samples nonwoven was cut into a length direction, an enlarged longitudinal sectional 100X in a scanning electron microscope, from the fibers the entire cross-section is limited within the photograph, optionally in 100 select each fiber D T and it was measured with calipers and D L. Among them, the number of fibers having a D T / D L ratio of 0.8 to 1.2 was counted and used as a percentage.
[0021]
C. The air permeability was measured according to the air permeability measurement method (Method A) of JIS L 1096. Specifically, it is as shown below.
Using a Frazier type testing machine manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd., attach a test piece of an appropriate size to one end of the cylinder, and then suck in so that the tilted barometer shows a pressure of 1.27 cm of water column with an adjusting resistor. adjust the fan, and the pressure indicated by the vertical barometer at that time, from the type of air hole used, air volume cm 3 / passing a test piece by the table supplied with the tester (cm 2 · sec) Ask.
[0022]
D. Abrasion resistance Measured according to JIS L 1096 abrasion strength C method (Taber method).
Using a Taber tester manufactured by Yasuda Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd., collect a circular test piece with a diameter of 13 cm, open a hole with a diameter of about 6 mm at the center of each test piece, and use the Taber type wear tester to mark the surface of the test piece. Place it on the rubber mat of the test holder. Next, a wear wheel (No. CS-10) is placed on the test piece and subjected to a load of 250 g and rubbed 100 times at a speed of about 70 times per minute.
Grade the appearance of the test specimen after the test by comparing it with the prescribed limit photograph.
[0023]
E. According to the measuring method of tensile strength according to JIS L 1906, elongation at break and stress at 100% elongation.
Attach a constant temperature oven to the same test machine as in standard time, and attach a 5 × 12.5 cm test piece into a constant temperature oven at 110 ° C. with a gripping interval of 2.5 cm. One minute after the temperature reaches 110 ° C. again, a load is applied until the specimen is cut at a tensile speed of 20 ± 2 cm / min. The stress at 100% elongation per basis weight was obtained by dividing the stress value at 100% elongation by the basis weight (g / m 2 ).
[0024]
F. Processability evaluation As a processability evaluation method, a cylindrical mold having a diameter of 20 mm and a depth of 35 mm was formed in a molding die with 20 pieces in the vertical direction and 25 pieces in the horizontal direction, for a total of 500 pieces, and each pitch was 20 mm. Evaluation was made based on the number of molding breaks when press-molding at 110 ° C.
Tear rate (%) = (number of tears / 500 pieces) × 100
○ indicates a tear rate of 1% or less, Δ indicates 10% or less, and x indicates 30% or less.
[0025]
G. The flame retardancy test was conducted as follows.
Fire-fighting law: A carbon burner area of 30 cm 2 or less, a residual flame time of 3 seconds or less, and a residual dust time of 5 seconds or less by the micro burner method was accepted.
FMVSS302: A combustion speed of 4 inches / min or less was accepted by the horizontal method for automobile interior.
[0026]
H. The spinning / drawing operability was determined by determining the occurrence of yarn breakage in the spinning / drawing process as an average value of the day and weight.
[0027]
Examples 1-3
Using polyethylene terephthalate having an intrinsic viscosity (phenol / tetrachloroethane = 6/4 weight ratio, measured at 30 ° C.) of 0.63 as a core component, a phosphate-based flame retardant is added to terephthalic acid during polymerization of the polyethylene terephthalate. Polyester copolymerized by adding phosphorus concentration = 1.5% by weight is used as a sheath component, and a core-sheath composite fiber having a core component: sheath component weight ratio of 8: 2 is 0.5 mm in diameter and 1.5 mm in length. From a rectangular nozzle having 315 orifices (holes), the discharge amount was changed as shown in Table 1 at a temperature of 280 ° C., and the discharged filament was supplied to a slit-like air jet apparatus with a spinning speed of 1000 m / min. A web having fibers arranged in the width direction was obtained by a deflection guide plate below the plate.
Next, the obtained web is sandwiched between two upper and lower net conveyors, hot air of 170 ° C. × 4.3 m / sec is passed through a processing speed of 30 m / min, the sheath component polymer is melted, and the core component polyethylene terephthalate long fiber Glued.
Table 1 shows the functions of the long-fiber nonwoven fabric thus obtained (weight per unit area: 100 g / m 2 ).
[0028]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003773006
[0029]
Comparative Example 1
In the same manner as in Examples, polyester-based unstretched fiber filaments were obtained. In the same manner as in Example 1, this polyester filament was supplied to an air jet device, and a web having a random arrangement was obtained without colliding with the deflection guide plate. Next, the obtained 100 g / m 2 web was subjected to thermocompression bonding at a pressure bonding area of 15% between an embossing roll and a flat roll at an upper and lower roll temperature of 150 ° C., a linear pressure of 30 kg / cm, and a speed of 30 m / min.
[0030]
Comparative Example 2
Using the same polymer as in Example 1, a polyester filament having an orientation crystallized speed of 5000 m / min and birefringence Δn = 98 × 10 −3 was obtained.
In the same manner as in Example 1, this polyester filament was supplied to an air jet device, and a web having a random arrangement was obtained without colliding with the deflection guide plate.
Next, the obtained web having a basis weight of 100 g / m 2 was subjected to thermocompression bonding between the embossing roll and the flat roll at an upper and lower roll temperature of 150 ° C., a linear pressure of 30 kg / cm, and a speed of 30 m / min as in Comparative Example 1. gave. It is also shown in Table 1.
[0031]
From Table 1, the following was confirmed.
In Examples 1 to 3, the width direction orientation ratio of the fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric is 60% or more. It is a non-woven fabric with high air permeability, excellent wear resistance, breaking elongation at 110 ° C. of 400% or more, and stress at 110 ° C. elongation of 3 gf or less per unit weight and excellent low-temperature formability. The tear rate was 1% or less, yield was good, and productivity was high.
On the other hand, the nonwoven fabric of Comparative Example 1 is a random web made of polyester-based unstretched fibers, and the width direction orientation ratio is as small as 32%, and the air permeability and wear resistance are also low. In addition, the elongation at break at 110 ° C is low, and the stress at 110 ° C elongation is as high as 4.5 gf per unit weight. The breakage rate during press molding is 10% or more, resulting in poor yield and reduced productivity. It was.
The nonwoven fabric of Comparative Example 2 is as small as 21% in the width direction arrayed fiber ratio, has extremely low air permeability, abrasion resistance, elongation at break at 110 ° C., high stress during processing, and breaks during press molding It was a nonwoven fabric with a low productivity of 30% or more.
[0032]
Examples 4-6
In a core-sheath type composite fiber having the same polyethylene terephthalate as in Example 2 as a core component and a mixed polymer of copolyester and polybutylene terephthalate (mixing polymerization ratio 50/50) as a sheath component, the sheath component and the core component include bis. Polyester filaments of Examples 4 to 6 were obtained in the same manner as Example 2 except that (haloalkyl) phosphoroxy-haloalkylphosphonate was added and mixed so as to have the phosphorus concentration shown in Table 2. From these polyester filaments, a long fiber nonwoven fabric (weight per unit area: 100 g / m 2 ) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2. These performances are shown in Table 2.
[0033]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003773006
[0034]
Table 2 confirmed the following.
From Table 2, all the nonwoven fabrics of Examples 4 to 6 are given flame retardancy in comparison with Example 2. In Example 5 in which the phosphorus compound was added only to the sheath part, the spinning / drawing operability was very excellent. In Example 6, since the phosphorus compound addition concentration is slightly high, the spinning / drawing operability is slightly lowered.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
The moldable nonwoven fabric of the present invention is excellent in low temperature moldability, light weight, high air permeability, excellent wear resistance, and also excellent in flame retardancy, and according to the method of the present invention, such moldability A nonwoven fabric can be manufactured stably.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a winding part of a nonwoven fabric of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a part of the nonwoven fabric.
FIG. 3 is a model diagram of a longitudinal cross-section of a nonwoven fabric.
FIG. 4 is a state diagram when the nonwoven fabric of the present invention is stretched twice in the XY direction.
FIG. 5 is a state diagram when a conventional nonwoven fabric is stretched twice in the XY direction.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a conventional nonwoven fabric winding portion.
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a part of the nonwoven fabric.
FIG. 8 is a model diagram of a longitudinal section in a length direction of a conventional nonwoven fabric.
[Explanation of symbols]
f Fibers D T nonwoven fabric in the thickness direction fiber diameter D L nonwoven length direction of the fiber diameter

Claims (6)

ポリエステル系未延伸繊維からなる不織布であって、該不織布の長さ方向の縦断面における不織布厚さ方向の繊維直径DT と不織布長さ方向の繊維直径DL の比DT /DL が0.8〜1.2の範囲にある繊維が前記縦断面における全繊維数の60%以上を占め、前記未延伸繊維は芯成分がポリエチレンテレフタレートまたは共重合ポリエステル、鞘成分が芯成分のポリエチレンテレフタレート及び共重合ポリエステルより低い融点の共重合ポリエステルからなり、芯鞘重量比が5/5〜9/1の範囲にある芯鞘型複合繊維からなり、前記不織布の110℃における破断伸度が400%以上で、110℃における100%伸長時応力が目付当たり3gf以下であり、リン酸系難燃剤がリン濃度として不織布重量に対して0.1〜3重量%含まれていることを特徴とする不織布。A nonwoven fabric made of polyester-based unstretched fibers, wherein the ratio DT / DL of the fiber diameter DT in the nonwoven fabric thickness direction and the fiber diameter DL in the nonwoven fabric length direction in the longitudinal section in the longitudinal direction of the nonwoven fabric is 0.8-1 .2 fibers account for 60% or more of the total number of fibers in the longitudinal section, and the unstretched fibers are composed of polyethylene terephthalate or copolymer polyester whose core component is a core component and polyethylene terephthalate and copolymer polyester whose sheath component is a core component. It is composed of a low melting point copolyester, and is composed of a core-sheath composite fiber having a core-sheath weight ratio in the range of 5/5 to 9/1. The stress at 100% elongation is 3 gf or less per unit weight, and the phosphoric acid flame retardant is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 3% by weight as the phosphorus concentration with respect to the weight of the nonwoven fabric. A nonwoven fabric characterized by 未延伸繊維は複屈折率(Δn)が70×10-3以下の繊維である請求項1に記載の不織布。2. The nonwoven fabric according to claim 1, wherein the unstretched fiber is a fiber having a birefringence (Δn) of 70 × 10 −3 or less. 不織布の目付が30〜300g/m2 の範囲にある請求項1又は2に記載の不織布。  The nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric is in the range of 30 to 300 g / m2. 耐摩耗性が4級以上である請求項1〜のいずれか1項に記載の不織布。The nonwoven fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the abrasion resistance is 4th or higher. 通気度が60〜100cm3 /(cm2 ・sec)の範囲にある請求項1〜のいずれか1項に記載の不織布。The nonwoven fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the air permeability is in a range of 60 to 100 cm 3 / (cm 2 · sec). ポリエチレンテレフタレートまたは共重合ポリエステルを芯成分として、芯成分の共重合ポリエステル及び共重合ポリエステルより低い融点の共重合ポリエステルを鞘成分として芯鞘重量比を5/5〜9/1の範囲になるようにして芯鞘型のポリエステル未延伸繊維のフィラメントを多数の紡糸孔を有する矩形ノズルから紡出し、ついでスリット状エアージェット装置に供給し、偏向誘導板を用いて不織布の幅方向に繊維が配列するようにしてウェッブを製造し、その後鞘成分のポリマーを溶融して芯成分同士を接着することにより、請求項1〜いずれかに記載の不織布を製造する製造法。The core-sheath weight ratio is in the range of 5/5 to 9/1 by using polyethylene terephthalate or copolymer polyester as the core component, and the core component copolymer polyester and the copolymer polyester having a melting point lower than that of the copolymer polyester as the sheath component. The core-sheath polyester unstretched filament is spun from a rectangular nozzle having a large number of spinning holes, then supplied to a slit-like air jet device, and the fibers are arranged in the width direction of the nonwoven fabric using a deflection guide plate. The manufacturing method which manufactures the nonwoven fabric in any one of Claims 1-5 by melt | dissolving the polymer of a sheath component, and adhere | attaching core components after that.
JP274997A 1996-12-09 1997-01-10 Formable nonwoven fabric and method for producing the same Expired - Fee Related JP3773006B2 (en)

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JP2000096417A (en) * 1998-09-11 2000-04-04 Unitika Ltd Filament nonwoven fabric for forming, its production and container-shaped article using the nonwoven fabric
JP2000191069A (en) * 1998-12-24 2000-07-11 Asakura:Kk Disk keeping case
CN1894456A (en) * 2003-12-17 2007-01-10 东洋纺织株式会社 Non-woven fabric for manufacturing vehicle formed article and use thereof
JP5213558B2 (en) * 2008-07-14 2013-06-19 ユニチカ株式会社 Non-woven fabric for thermoforming and thermoforming method using the same
JP2016108706A (en) * 2014-12-10 2016-06-20 東洋紡株式会社 Thermal molding spunbond nonwoven fabric
JP6668965B2 (en) * 2016-06-15 2020-03-18 東洋紡株式会社 Spunbonded nonwoven fabric, method for producing the same, and method for producing molded article using the same
JP6790480B2 (en) * 2016-06-15 2020-11-25 東洋紡株式会社 Manufacturing method of spunbonded non-woven fabric and molded body using it
JP6992860B2 (en) * 2020-08-26 2022-01-13 東洋紡株式会社 Manufacturing method of spunbonded non-woven fabric and molded body using it
JP7409524B2 (en) * 2021-11-18 2024-01-09 東レ株式会社 spunbond nonwoven fabric

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