JP3775633B2 - Stacked polymer electrolyte battery - Google Patents
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- JP3775633B2 JP3775633B2 JP03671899A JP3671899A JP3775633B2 JP 3775633 B2 JP3775633 B2 JP 3775633B2 JP 03671899 A JP03671899 A JP 03671899A JP 3671899 A JP3671899 A JP 3671899A JP 3775633 B2 JP3775633 B2 JP 3775633B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、積層形ポリマー電解質電池に関し、さらに詳しくは、特に携帯用電子機器、電気自動車、ロードレベリングなどの電源として使用するのに適した積層形ポリマー電解質電池。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ポリマー電解質電池では、電解質をシート状にすることができ、それによって、A4版、B5版などの大面積でしかも薄形の電池の作製が可能になり、各種薄形製品への適用が可能になって、電池の使用範囲が大きく広がっている。このポリマー電解質を用いた電池は、耐漏液性を含めた安全性、貯蔵性が優れており、しかも薄く、フレキシブルであることから、機器の形状に合わせた電池を設計できるという、今までの電池にない特徴を持っている。
【0003】
このポリマー電解質電池は、通常、アルミニウムフィルムを芯材にし、内面側に接着層となる樹脂フィルムを配置したラミネートフィルムを外装体に用い、薄いシート状の電極とシート状のポリマー電解質層とを積層したユニットセルを上記外装体で外装して密閉することによって、薄いシート形電池に仕上げられる。
【0004】
しかしながら、電池使用機器によっては高容量や高電圧を必要とするものがあり、そのような場合には、上記正極、負極およびポリマー電解質層からなるユニットセルを複数個積層して積層電極群を作製し、その複数枚の正極、複数枚の負極を並列に接続して高容量にしたり、あるいは直列に接続して高電圧にした積層形ポリマー電解質電池が作製されている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、ポリマー電解質電池では、上記のようにユニットセルを複数個積層した積層形電池でも、個々の電極を薄形にするため、通常、金属箔を集電体に用いていて、正極の集電体にはアルミニウム箔を用い、負極の集電体には銅箔を用いている。そして、電池の外部端子、つまり、電池使用機器との接続に用いる正極端子や負極端子としては、電池使用機器との接続のためのハンダ付けの容易さや機械的強度、耐食性などの関係から、通常、ニッケルの箔またはリボンが用いられる。
【0006】
これら電極と外部端子との接続は、通常、正極作製時にアルミニウム箔の一部に正極合剤層を形成せずにアルミニウム箔の露出部を残し、そこをリード部として外部端子としての正極端子との接続部分にしたり、負極側では負極作製時に銅箔の一部に負極合剤層を形成せずに銅箔の露出部を残し、そこをリード部として外部端子としての負極端子との接続部分にしている。
【0007】
しかしながら、この電極のリード部と外部端子との接続部分に、電極内部からの電解液が付着したり、あるいは外部から侵入してくる水分が付着すると、局部電池が形成され、上記接続部分が溶解して電池性能を低下させ、それがさらに進行すると、いわゆる断線を引き起こすという問題がある。そして、このような問題は特に電池を貯蔵したときに顕著に発生する。
【0008】
そのため、上記電極のリード部と外部端子との接続を外装体のシール部分で行なうことによって局部電池の形成を防止することが提案されているが、積層形電池では、正極や負極を複数枚用いている関係上、それらの電極のリード部も複数枚あり、その複数枚のリード部と外部端子を接続しようとすると、その接続部分の厚みが大きくなり、接続を外装体のシール部分で行なっている場合、外装体の接着用樹脂がその周囲に充分に行き渡らなくなって密閉性が低下し、上記電極のリード部と外部端子との接続部分に電解液が付着したり、電池外部から侵入してくる水分が付着して、局部電池が形成され、電池性能の低下や断線を引き起こすという問題を解消することができなかった。
【0009】
本発明は、上記のような従来技術の問題点を解消し、外装体のシール部分の密閉性を確保し、局部電池の形成を防止して、貯蔵特性が優れ、電池性能の信頼性の高い積層形ポリマー電解質電池を提供することを目的とする。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、アルミニウム製の集電体の少なくとも一方の面に正極合剤層を形成してなる複数枚の正極と銅製の集電体の少なくとも一方の面に負極合剤層を形成してなる複数枚の負極とをそれぞれの間にポリマー電解質層を介在させて積層した積層電極群を外装体で外装する積層形ポリマー電解質電池において、上記複数枚の正極のうち1枚の正極のリード部の長さを他の正極のリード部の長さより長くし、上記長さの長いリード部の自由端側を正極端子と外装体のシール部分で接続し、かつ上記長さの長いリード部と正極端子との接続部分に位置する正極のリード部を、上記長さの長いリード部のみとし、上記複数枚の負極のうち1枚の負極のリード部の長さを他の負極のリード部の長さより長くし、上記長さの長いリード部の自由端側を負極端子と外装体のシール部分で接続し、かつ上記長さの長いリード部と負極端子との接続部分に位置する負極のリード部を、上記長さの長いリード部のみとし、更に、正極端子と負極端子とを、電池の平面視で反対方向に取り出すことによって、上記課題を解決したものである。
【0011】
上記の1枚の正極のリード部の長さを他の正極のリード部の長さより長くしておき、例えば、並列に接続する場合に、すべての正極のリード部同士を接続し、そのうちの長さの長いリード部を外部端子としての正極端子との接続に利用すると、それを外装体のシール部分で行なったとしても充分に密閉性を確保できる。また、負極側においても、上記正極の場合と同様に充分に密閉性を確保できる。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明において、正極の集電体としてはアルミニウム製の箔、パンチドメタル、網、エキスパンドメタルなどを用い得るが、通常、アルミニウム箔が用いられる。この正極の集電体は、正極の厚みを薄くする関係上、厚みが30μm以下のものが好ましく、本発明では、そのように薄いものであっても、その露出部が外装体のシール部分より外部に出ないので、破損するおそれが少ない。
【0013】
ただし、あまりにも薄すぎると、正極の作製にあたって、正極合剤含有ペーストを塗布した際に皺が発生したり、引っ張りにより破れが生じるおそれがあるので、その厚みが上記のように30μm以下で10μm以上が好ましい。
【0014】
正極側のリード部は、通常、正極作製時にアルミニウム製の集電体の一部に正極合剤層を形成せずに集電体の露出部を残し、そこをリード部とすることによって設けられる。ただし、リード部は必ずしも当初から集電体と一体化されたものであることは要求されず、集電体にアルミニウム製の箔などを後から接続することによって設けてもよい。
【0015】
本発明において、負極の集電体としては銅製の箔、パンチドメタル、網、エキスパンドメタルなどを用い得るが、通常、銅箔が用いられる。この負極の集電体は、負極の厚みを薄くする関係上、厚みが30μm以下のものが好ましく、本発明では、そのように薄いものであっても、その露出部が外装体のシール部分より外部に出ないので、破損するおそれが少ない。
【0016】
ただし、あまりにも薄すぎると、負極の作製にあたって、負極合剤含有ペーストを塗布した際に皺が発生したり、引っ張りにより破れが生じるおそれがあるので、その厚みは上記のように30μm以下で5μm以上が好ましい。
【0017】
また、負極側のリード部も、通常、負極作製時に銅製の集電体の一部に負極合剤層を形成せずに集電体の露出部を残し、そこをリード部とすることによって設けられる。ただし、この負極側のリード部も必ずしも当初から集電体と一体化されたものであることは要求されず、集電体に銅製の箔などを後から接続することによって設けてもよい。
【0018】
外部端子としての正極端子や負極端子には、電子使用機器との接続の容易さなどの関係から、ニッケルまたはニッケルメッキをした鉄、銅、ステンレス鋼などの金属の箔やリボンなどが好ましく、通常、40〜100μmの厚みのものが好適に用いられる。そして、上記正極の長さを長くしたリード部と正極端子との接続や負極の長さを長くしたリード部と負極端子との接続は、外装体のシール部分で行なわれる。すなわち、上記接続を外装体のシール部分で行なうことにより、電極のリード部と正極端子との接続部分に電解液や外部からの空気が接触することがないので、局部電池の形成が防止され、貯蔵特性の優れた電池が得られる。
【0019】
上記電極のリード部と外部端子としての正極端子や負極端子との接続は、例えば、抵抗溶接、超音波溶接、レーザー溶接、ハンダ、カシメ、導電性接着剤などによって行い得るが、特に溶接が適している。
【0020】
外装体としては、例えば、ポリエステルフィルムまたはナイロンフィルム−アルミニウムフィルム−変性ポリオレフィンフィルムからなる三層構造のラミネートフィルムなどが用いられ、その変性ポリオレフィンフィルムが接着作用を有している。この外装体のシール部分の幅は、広いほど信頼性や強度面からは有利であるが、外装体のシール部分の幅を広くすると、外装体が大きくなり、電池の体積や重量が増加して、小型化への妨げとなり、また、外装体の大きさを変えずにシール部分の幅を広くすると、それに応じて電極を小さくしなければならず、高容量化への妨げとなるので、シール部分の幅は溶接などの接続部分の中心から両側にそれぞれ1mm以上で5mm程度まで(すなわち、シール部分の幅として2〜10mm程度)にするのが好ましい。
【0021】
正極合剤や負極合剤としては、通常、活物質と必要に応じて添加される電子伝導助剤やバインダーなどで構成されるが、本発明においては、正極や負極もゲル状ポリマー電解質を含んだものにする場合があり、そのような場合には、通常の活物質や電子伝導助剤、バインダーなど以外にも、ゲル状ポリマー電解質を含んで構成される。ただし、そのような正極合剤や負極合剤の調製時には、ゲル状ポリマー電解質を構成することになるポリマーまたはモノマーと重合開始剤などを電解液を含んだ状態で調製される。
【0022】
【実施例】
つぎに、実施例を挙げて本発明をより具体的に説明する。ただし、本発明はそれらの実施例のみに限定されるものではない。
【0023】
実施例1
まず、次の▲1▼、▲2▼、▲3▼に示すように、正極、負極、隔離体となるポリマー電解質層を作製した。
【0024】
▲1▼正極:
LiCoO2 粉末40重量部、鱗片状黒鉛粉末8重量部およびポリフッ化ビニリデン(以下、「PVdF」と略す)粉末5重量部を乾式で混合した後、さらに1.22M(mol/l)のLiPF6 を含むエチレンカーボネート/プロピレンカーボネート(以下、「EC/PC」と略す)(50/50)溶液25重量部を加えて混合して調製し正極合剤含有ペーストを、集電体となる厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔の両面にそれぞれ75μmの厚さに塗布した後、120℃で20分間加熱してアルミニウム箔の両面にゲル状ポリマー電解質を含む正極合剤層を形成することにより(上記加熱によりPVdFが溶融し、温度が低下すると上記PVdFがゲル化し、その際に溶媒も含み全体がPVdFに取り込まれた状態で非流動化して柔軟性のある正極合剤が形成される)、シート状の正極を作製した。この正極はいわゆる両面塗布正極である。ただし、正極の作製にあたって、アルミニウム箔中のリード部にする部分には正極合剤含有ペーストを塗布せず、アルミニウム箔を露出させておいた。また、上記EC/PC(50/50)はエチレンカーボネート(EC)とプロピレンカーボネート(PC)との比が体積比で50:50の混合溶媒であることを示している。
【0025】
この実施例1では、上記両面塗布正極を4枚用いるが、そのうちの1枚の正極のリード部の長さを他の3枚の正極のリード部の長さより長くしておいた。
【0026】
すなわち、正極の正極合剤層の形成部分は各面とも70mm×40mmであるが、リード部は3枚に関しては14mm×10mmであり、残りの1枚に関しては27mm×10mmであり、長さが他の3枚より長い。
【0027】
▲2▼負極:
球状黒鉛粉末40重量部、鱗片状黒鉛粉末4重量部およびPVdF粉末5重量部を乾式で混合した後、さらに1.22MのLiPF6 を含むEC/PC(50/50)溶液5重量部を加えて混合して調製した負極合剤含有ペーストを、集電体となる厚さ20μmの銅箔の両面にそれぞれ75μmの厚さに塗布した後、120℃で20分間加熱して銅箔の両面にゲル状ポリマー電解質を含む負極合剤層を形成することにより、シート状のいわゆる両面塗布負極を作製した。また、積層電極群の最外層に配置するための負極として、銅箔の片面に上記負極合剤含有ペーストを塗布し、上記と同様に加熱して集電体の片面のみに負極合剤層を形成することにより、いわゆる片面塗布負極を作製した。ただし、いずれの負極においても、銅箔中のリード部にする部分には負極合剤含有ペーストを塗布しなかった。
【0028】
この実施例1では、上記両面塗布負極を3枚、片面塗布負極を2枚用いるが、そのうちの1枚の負極のリード部の長さを他の4枚の負極のリード部の長さより長くしている。すなわち、いずれの負極においても、その負極合剤層の形成部分は各面とも72mm×42mmであるが、リード部は4枚に関しては13mm×10mmであり、残りの1枚に関しては26mm×10mmであって、他の4枚より長い。
【0029】
▲3▼ポリマー電解質層:
2−エトキシエチルアクリレート50重量部、トリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート13重量部およびエチレングリコールエチルカーボネートメタクリレート33重量部を混合した後、さらに過酸化ベンゾイル5重量部および1.22MのLiPF6 を含むEC/PC(50/50)溶液35重量部を加えて混合し、過酸化ベンゾイルが完全に溶解した後、その中に厚さ60μm、坪量30g/m2 のポリブチレンテレフタレート不織布を浸漬した。溶液が上記不織布に完全に浸潤した後、浸漬後の不織布を75μmの隙間を有する2枚のガラス板の間に挟み込み、75℃で20分間加熱してシート状ポリマー電解質層を作製した。
【0030】
上記正極は両面塗布正極を4枚用い、負極は両面塗布負極を3枚用い、片面塗布負極を2枚用い、また、ポリマー電解質層は8枚用いて、これらの正極、負極、ポリマー電解質層を、負極(この負極は片面塗布負極である)、ポリマー電解質層、正極、………負極、ポリマー電解質層、正極、ポリマー電解質層、負極(この負極も片面塗布負極であるが、中間の3枚の負極はいずれも両面塗布負極である)の順に、正極4枚、負極5枚、ポリマー電解質層8枚を積層し、積層電極群を作製した。
【0031】
そして、上記4枚の正極のリード部を電圧16V、時間1ミリ秒の条件下で溶接し、そのうちの1番長いリード部の自由端側を外部端子としての正極端子との接続に使用するようにした。また、上記5枚の負極のリード部を電圧17V、時間1ミリ秒の条件下で溶接し、そのうちの1番長いリード部の自由端側を外部端子としての負極端子との接続に使用するようにした。
【0032】
上記積層電極群を外装する外装体としてポリエステルフィルム−アルミニウムフィルム−変性ポリオレフィンフィルムからなる三層構造のラミネートフィルムを2枚準備し、正極端子としては厚さ40μmのニッケルリボンを用い、上記積層電極群を外装体で外装する際に該外装体のシール部分になる位置で、正極のアルミニウム箔からなるリード部の中で最も長いものと上記ニッケルリボンからなる正極端子とを溶接時間75msec、圧力2kg/cm2 、アンプリチュード60%の条件下で超音波溶接した。また、負極端子として厚さ40μmのニッケルリボンを用い、上記積層電極群を外装体で外装する際に該外装体のシール部分になる位置で、負極の銅箔からなるリード部の中で最も長いものと上記ニッケルリボンからなる負極端子とを溶接時間120msec、圧力2kg/cm2 、アンプリチュード60%の条件下で超音波溶接し、その後、外装体で積層電極群を外装して密閉した。この外装体による外装は上記積層電極群を2枚の外装体の間に配置し、周縁部の重ね合わせ部分を加熱して、最内層の変性ポリオレフィンフィルムを溶融させて熱融着させることによって行なった。そのため、2枚の外装体はその変性ポリオレフィンフィルムが対向するように配置した。
【0033】
上記正極のリード部と正極端子との溶接幅は2mmであり、外装体のシール部分の幅は4mmであった。また、負極のリード部と負極端子との溶接幅は2mmであり、外装体のシール部分の幅は前記同様に4mmであった。
【0034】
図1はこの実施例1の積層形ポリマー電解質電池を模式的に示す断面図であり、上記正極1を4枚、負極2を5枚、ポリマー電解質層3を8枚用いて積層電極群を構成され、その積層電極群をポリエステルフィルム−アルミニウムフィルム−変性ポリオレフィンフィルムの3層ラミネートフィルムからなる外装体4で外装して密閉することにより積層形ポリマー電解質電池が構成されている。
【0035】
上記積層電極群は、正極1、ポリマー電解質層3および負極2からなるユニットセルを4個と負極2をさらに1枚積層したものに相当するが、上記正極1や負極2の構成を示すために、上記ユニットセルのうちの内側の1個のユニットセルを取り出し、その要部を図2に示す。
【0036】
このユニットセルは積層電極群の内側のものであるため、正極1、負極ともいわゆる両面塗布電極が用いられていて、図2に示すように、正極1はアルミニウム箔からなる集電体1aの両面に正極合剤層1bを形成することによって構成され、そのアルミニウム箔の正極合剤層が形成されていない部分がリード部1cを構成している。また、負極は銅箔からなる集電体2aの両面に負極合剤層2bを形成することによって構成され、その銅箔の負極合剤層が形成されていない部分がリード部2cを構成している。
【0037】
図3は上記電池の正極1のリード部1cと正極端子5との溶接による接続部分およびその近傍を示すもので、この溶接による接続は外装体4のシール部分4aで行なわれている。すなわち、外装体4は2枚用いられていて、そのシールは外装体4として用いられているラミネートフィルムの変性ポリオレフィンフィルムの熱融着によって行なわれるが、正極1のリード部1cと正極端子5の溶接による接続は上記外装体4のシール部分4aで行なわれ、そのリード部1cと正極端子5との接続部分7が外装体4のシール部分4aの領域内に位置している。そして、その溶接幅は前記のように2mmで、シール部分4aの幅は4mmである。4bは外装体4の最内層の変性ポリオレフィンフィルムが加熱により溶融して形成したシール層であり、このシール層4bは外装体4のシール部分4aに対応しており、また、このシール層4bによって、電池内部の密閉性が保たれるとともに、正極1のリード部1cと正極端子5との接続部分への電解液の付着や電池外部から空気の付着が防止される。なお、この図3には図示していないが、負極2のリード部2cと負極端子6との溶接による接続も正極側の場合同様に外装体4のシール部分で行なわれていて、その溶接幅は2mmであり、シール部分の幅は4mmである。
【0038】
なお、図1〜図3はいずれも模式的に図示したものであり、各構成部分の寸法比は必ずしも正確ではない。
【0039】
比較例1
4枚の正極のリード部をいずれも同じ長さにし、4枚の負極のリード部をいずれも同じ長さにし、正極のリード部を4枚積層した状態で正極端子と外装体のシール部分で溶接により接続し、かつ負極のリード部を4枚積層した状態で負極端子と外装体のシール部分で溶接により接続した以外は、実施例1と同様に積層形ポリマー電解質電池を作製した。
【0040】
上記実施例1および比較例1の電池の内部抵抗を測定した後、電池を60℃、相対湿度90%の雰囲気中に20日間貯蔵し、貯蔵後の内部抵抗を測定した。その結果を表1に示す。なお、内部抵抗は、ヒューレット・パッカード社製、4263B型LCRメーターを用い、周波数1kHzで測定した。
【0041】
【表1】
【0042】
表1に示すように、実施例1の電池は、比較例1の電池に比べて、貯蔵による内部抵抗の増加が少なく、貯蔵特性が優れていた。これは、実施例1の電池の密閉性が高かったのに対して、比較例1の電池では外装体のシール部分におけるリード部が厚いため、密閉性が低くなったことによるものと考えられる。
【0043】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明では、外装体のシール部分の密閉性が高く、貯蔵特性が優れ、電池性能の信頼性が高い積層形ポリマー電解質電池を提供することができた。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施例1の積層形ポリマー電解質電池を模式的に示す断面図である。
【図2】本発明の実施例1の積層形ポリマー電解質電池に使用されている積層電極群のうち1つのユニットセルを取り出して、その要部を模式的に示す断面図である。
【図3】本発明の実施例1の積層形ポリマー電解質電池の正極のリード部と外部端子である正極端子との接続部分およびその近傍を模式的に示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 正極
1a アルミニウム製の集電体
1b 正極合剤層
1c リード部
2 負極
2a 銅製の集電体
2b 負極合剤層
2c リード部
3 ポリマー電解質層
4 外装体
4a シール部分
5 正極端子
6 負極端子
7 アルミニウム製のリード部と正極端子との接続部分[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a laminated polymer electrolyte battery, and more specifically, a laminated polymer electrolyte battery particularly suitable for use as a power source for portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, road leveling and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In polymer electrolyte batteries, the electrolyte can be made into a sheet, which makes it possible to produce large-sized and thin batteries such as A4 and B5 plates, and can be applied to various thin products. As a result, the range of use of the battery is greatly expanded. Batteries using this polymer electrolyte have excellent safety and storability, including leakage resistance, and are thin and flexible, so it is possible to design batteries that match the shape of the device. It has characteristics that are not present.
[0003]
This polymer electrolyte battery usually uses a laminate film in which an aluminum film is used as a core material and a resin film serving as an adhesive layer is arranged on the inner surface side, and a thin sheet electrode and a sheet polymer electrolyte layer are laminated. The unit cell is covered with the above-described outer package and sealed, so that a thin sheet battery is finished.
[0004]
However, some battery-operated devices require high capacity and high voltage. In such cases, a plurality of unit cells composed of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the polymer electrolyte layer are stacked to produce a stacked electrode group. A plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes are connected in parallel to increase the capacity, or in series, a stacked polymer electrolyte battery in which the voltage is increased is produced.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in a polymer electrolyte battery, even in a stacked battery in which a plurality of unit cells are stacked as described above, in order to make each electrode thin, a metal foil is usually used as a current collector, and a current collector for a positive electrode is used. Aluminum foil is used for the body, and copper foil is used for the current collector of the negative electrode. And, as the external terminal of the battery, that is, the positive electrode terminal or the negative electrode terminal used for connection with the battery using device, from the relationship of the ease of soldering for connection with the battery using device, mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, etc. Nickel foil or ribbon is used.
[0006]
The connection between these electrodes and the external terminals is usually made by leaving an exposed portion of the aluminum foil without forming a positive electrode mixture layer on a part of the aluminum foil at the time of producing the positive electrode, In the negative electrode side, the exposed portion of the copper foil is not formed on a part of the copper foil on the negative electrode side, and the exposed portion of the copper foil is left as a lead portion and connected to the negative electrode terminal as an external terminal. I have to.
[0007]
However, if electrolyte solution from the inside of the electrode or moisture entering from the outside adheres to the connection portion between the lead portion of the electrode and the external terminal, a local battery is formed and the connection portion dissolves. Then, there is a problem that when the battery performance is lowered and further progresses, so-called disconnection is caused. Such a problem occurs particularly remarkably when the battery is stored.
[0008]
For this reason, it has been proposed to prevent the formation of a local battery by connecting the lead portion of the electrode and the external terminal at the seal portion of the exterior body. However, in the stacked battery, a plurality of positive electrodes and negative electrodes are used. For this reason, there are a plurality of lead portions of these electrodes, and when trying to connect the lead portions to the external terminals, the thickness of the connection portion increases, and the connection is performed at the seal portion of the exterior body. If this is the case, the adhesive resin of the exterior body will not spread sufficiently around it and the sealing performance will be reduced, and the electrolyte will adhere to the connection part between the lead part of the electrode and the external terminal, or it will penetrate from the outside of the battery. The problem that the moisture which comes and a local battery is formed and a battery performance falls and a disconnection was not able to be solved was not able to be solved.
[0009]
The present invention eliminates the problems of the prior art as described above, ensures the sealing of the sealing portion of the outer package, prevents the formation of local batteries, has excellent storage characteristics, and has high battery performance reliability. An object is to provide a laminated polymer electrolyte battery.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention comprises a plurality of positive electrodes formed by forming a positive electrode mixture layer on at least one surface of an aluminum current collector and a negative electrode mixture layer formed on at least one surface of a copper current collector. In a laminated polymer electrolyte battery in which a laminated electrode group obtained by laminating a plurality of negative electrodes with a polymer electrolyte layer interposed therebetween is covered with an outer package, of the lead portion of one positive electrode among the plurality of positive electrodes. The length is longer than the length of the other positive electrode lead portion, the free end side of the long lead portion is connected by the positive electrode terminal and the sealing portion of the exterior body, and the long lead portion and the positive electrode terminal are connected. The lead portion of the positive electrode located at the connecting portion is only the lead portion having the long length, and the length of the lead portion of one negative electrode of the plurality of negative electrodes is longer than the length of the lead portion of the other negative electrode. Lengthen the negative end of the long lead section The negative electrode lead portion connected to the terminal and the sealing portion of the exterior body and located at the connection portion between the long lead portion and the negative electrode terminal is only the long lead portion, and By taking out the negative electrode terminal in the opposite direction in a plan view of the battery, the above problem is solved.
[0011]
The length of the lead portion of one positive electrode is longer than the length of the lead portion of the other positive electrode. For example, when connecting in parallel, all the positive lead portions are connected to each other. When the long lead portion is used for connection with a positive electrode terminal as an external terminal, sufficient sealing performance can be ensured even if it is performed at the seal portion of the exterior body. Further, on the negative electrode side as well, as in the case of the positive electrode, sufficient hermeticity can be secured.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, an aluminum foil, a punched metal, a net, an expanded metal, or the like can be used as the positive electrode current collector, but an aluminum foil is usually used. The positive electrode current collector preferably has a thickness of 30 μm or less in view of reducing the thickness of the positive electrode. In the present invention, even if it is so thin, its exposed portion is more than the seal portion of the outer package. Since it does not go outside, there is little risk of damage.
[0013]
However, if it is too thin, there is a risk that wrinkles may occur when the positive electrode mixture-containing paste is applied in the production of the positive electrode, or tearing may occur due to pulling. The above is preferable.
[0014]
The lead portion on the positive electrode side is usually provided by leaving the exposed portion of the current collector without forming the positive electrode mixture layer on a part of the aluminum current collector at the time of producing the positive electrode, and using that as the lead portion. . However, the lead portion is not necessarily integrated with the current collector from the beginning, and may be provided by connecting an aluminum foil or the like to the current collector later.
[0015]
In the present invention, a copper foil, a punched metal, a net, an expanded metal or the like can be used as the current collector for the negative electrode, but a copper foil is usually used. The negative electrode current collector preferably has a thickness of 30 μm or less in view of reducing the thickness of the negative electrode. In the present invention, even if it is so thin, its exposed portion is more than the seal portion of the outer package. Since it does not go outside, there is little risk of damage.
[0016]
However, if it is too thin, there is a risk that wrinkles may occur when the negative electrode mixture-containing paste is applied in the production of the negative electrode, or tearing may occur due to pulling. The above is preferable.
[0017]
Also, the lead portion on the negative electrode side is usually provided by leaving the exposed portion of the current collector without forming the negative electrode mixture layer on a part of the copper current collector at the time of preparing the negative electrode, and using that as the lead portion. It is done. However, the negative electrode side lead portion is not necessarily integrated with the current collector from the beginning, and may be provided by connecting a copper foil or the like to the current collector later.
[0018]
For the positive terminal and negative terminal as external terminals, nickel or nickel-plated metal foil or ribbon such as iron, copper, stainless steel, etc. are preferable because of the ease of connection with electronic equipment, etc. 40 to 100 μm thickness is preferably used. Then, the connection between the lead portion with the positive electrode lengthened and the positive electrode terminal and the connection between the lead portion with the long negative electrode length and the negative electrode terminal are performed at the seal portion of the outer package. That is, by making the connection at the seal portion of the outer package, the electrolyte solution and the air from the outside do not come into contact with the connection portion between the lead portion of the electrode and the positive terminal, thereby preventing the formation of a local battery. A battery having excellent storage characteristics can be obtained.
[0019]
The connection between the lead portion of the electrode and the positive electrode terminal or the negative electrode terminal as an external terminal can be performed by, for example, resistance welding, ultrasonic welding, laser welding, solder, caulking, conductive adhesive, etc., but welding is particularly suitable. ing.
[0020]
As the exterior body, for example, a three-layer laminate film composed of a polyester film or nylon film-aluminum film-modified polyolefin film is used, and the modified polyolefin film has an adhesive action. The wider the seal part width of the outer package is, the more advantageous in terms of reliability and strength. However, if the width of the seal part of the outer package is widened, the outer package becomes larger and the volume and weight of the battery increase. If the width of the seal part is widened without changing the size of the exterior body, the electrode must be made smaller accordingly, which hinders high capacity. The width of the portion is preferably 1 mm or more and about 5 mm on each side from the center of the connection portion such as welding (that is, the width of the seal portion is about 2 to 10 mm).
[0021]
The positive electrode mixture and the negative electrode mixture are usually composed of an active material and an electron conduction aid or binder added as necessary. In the present invention, the positive electrode and the negative electrode also contain a gel polymer electrolyte. In such a case, a gel polymer electrolyte is included in addition to a normal active material, an electron conduction aid, a binder, and the like. However, at the time of preparing such a positive electrode mixture or negative electrode mixture, it is prepared in a state in which a polymer or monomer that constitutes the gel polymer electrolyte and a polymerization initiator are included in an electrolyte solution.
[0022]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, this invention is not limited only to those Examples.
[0023]
Example 1
First, as shown in the following (1), (2), and (3), polymer electrolyte layers serving as a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator were prepared.
[0024]
(1) Positive electrode:
After 40 parts by weight of LiCoO 2 powder, 8 parts by weight of scaly graphite powder and 5 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride (hereinafter abbreviated as “PVdF”) powder were mixed in a dry process, 1.22 M (mol / l) LiPF 6 was further mixed. A paste containing a positive electrode mixture containing a mixture of 25 parts by weight of an ethylene carbonate / propylene carbonate (hereinafter abbreviated as “EC / PC”) (50/50) solution containing 20 wt. Each of the aluminum foils was coated to a thickness of 75 μm, and then heated at 120 ° C. for 20 minutes to form a positive electrode mixture layer containing a gel polymer electrolyte on both sides of the aluminum foil. When melted and the temperature drops, the PVdF gels, and at that time, the solvent, including the solvent, becomes non-fluidized in a state where the PVdF is incorporated into the PVdF. Positive electrode mixture is formed), to prepare a sheet-like positive electrode. This positive electrode is a so-called double-sided coated positive electrode. However, when producing the positive electrode, the positive electrode mixture-containing paste was not applied to the portion to be the lead portion in the aluminum foil, and the aluminum foil was exposed. The EC / PC (50/50) indicates that the ratio of ethylene carbonate (EC) to propylene carbonate (PC) is a mixed solvent having a volume ratio of 50:50.
[0025]
In Example 1, four double-coated positive electrodes were used, and the length of the lead portion of one positive electrode was made longer than the length of the lead portions of the other three positive electrodes.
[0026]
That is, the positive electrode mixture layer forming portion of the positive electrode is 70 mm × 40 mm on each side, but the lead portion is 14 mm × 10 mm for the three sheets, and 27 mm × 10 mm for the remaining one sheet, and the length is Longer than the other three.
[0027]
(2) Negative electrode:
After 40 parts by weight of spherical graphite powder, 4 parts by weight of scaly graphite powder and 5 parts by weight of PVdF powder were mixed by dry process, 5 parts by weight of EC / PC (50/50) solution containing 1.22M LiPF 6 was further added. The negative electrode mixture-containing paste prepared by mixing was applied to both sides of a 20 μm thick copper foil serving as a current collector to a thickness of 75 μm, and then heated at 120 ° C. for 20 minutes on both sides of the copper foil. By forming a negative electrode mixture layer containing a gel polymer electrolyte, a sheet-like so-called double-side coated negative electrode was produced. In addition, as a negative electrode to be disposed on the outermost layer of the laminated electrode group, the negative electrode mixture-containing paste is applied to one side of a copper foil, and heated in the same manner as described above to form a negative electrode mixture layer only on one side of the current collector. By forming, a so-called single-sided negative electrode was produced. However, in any of the negative electrodes, the negative electrode mixture-containing paste was not applied to the portion to be the lead portion in the copper foil.
[0028]
In this Example 1, three double-coated negative electrodes and two single-coated negative electrodes are used. The length of the lead portion of one negative electrode is made longer than the length of the lead portions of the other four negative electrodes. ing. That is, in any negative electrode, the formation part of the negative electrode mixture layer is 72 mm × 42 mm on each surface, but the lead part is 13 mm × 10 mm for four sheets, and 26 mm × 10 mm for the remaining one sheet. It ’s longer than the other four.
[0029]
(3) Polymer electrolyte layer:
EC / PC containing 50 parts by weight of 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate, 13 parts by weight of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate and 33 parts by weight of ethylene glycol ethyl carbonate methacrylate, and further containing 5 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide and 1.22M LiPF 6 35 parts by weight of a (50/50) solution was added and mixed, and after the benzoyl peroxide was completely dissolved, a polybutylene terephthalate nonwoven fabric having a thickness of 60 μm and a basis weight of 30 g / m 2 was immersed therein. After the solution completely infiltrated into the nonwoven fabric, the nonwoven fabric after immersion was sandwiched between two glass plates having a gap of 75 μm and heated at 75 ° C. for 20 minutes to prepare a sheet-like polymer electrolyte layer.
[0030]
The positive electrode uses four double-coated positive electrodes, the negative electrode uses three double-coated negative electrodes, two single-coated negative electrodes, and eight polymer electrolyte layers, and these positive electrode, negative electrode, and polymer electrolyte layer are used. , Negative electrode (this negative electrode is a single-sided negative electrode), polymer electrolyte layer, positive electrode, ... negative electrode, polymer electrolyte layer, positive electrode, polymer electrolyte layer, negative electrode (this negative electrode is also a single-sided negative electrode, but three in the middle In this order, four negative electrodes, five negative electrodes, and eight polymer electrolyte layers were laminated to produce a laminated electrode group.
[0031]
The four lead leads are welded under the conditions of a voltage of 16 V and a time of 1 millisecond, and the free end of the longest lead is used for connection to the positive terminal as an external terminal. I made it. The five negative lead portions are welded under conditions of a voltage of 17 V and a time of 1 millisecond, and the free end side of the longest lead portion is used for connection with a negative electrode terminal as an external terminal. I made it.
[0032]
Two laminated films having a three-layer structure consisting of a polyester film, an aluminum film and a modified polyolefin film are prepared as an outer package for covering the laminated electrode group, and a nickel ribbon having a thickness of 40 μm is used as a positive electrode terminal. When the outer casing is covered with the outer casing, the longest lead portion made of the aluminum foil of the positive electrode and the positive electrode terminal made of the nickel ribbon are welded at a time of 75 msec and a pressure of 2 kg / Ultrasonic welding was performed under conditions of cm 2 and amplitude of 60%. Further, a nickel ribbon having a thickness of 40 μm is used as the negative electrode terminal, and the longest lead electrode made of copper foil of the negative electrode at a position where the outer electrode is sealed when the laminated electrode group is covered with the outer package. The negative electrode terminal made of the nickel ribbon was ultrasonically welded under the conditions of a welding time of 120 msec, a pressure of 2 kg / cm 2 , and an amplitude of 60%, and then the laminated electrode group was packaged and sealed with an exterior body. The exterior by the exterior body is performed by disposing the laminated electrode group between two exterior bodies, heating the overlapping portion of the peripheral portion, and melting and heat-sealing the modified polyolefin film of the innermost layer. It was. Therefore, the two exterior bodies were arranged so that the modified polyolefin films faced each other.
[0033]
The welding width between the positive electrode lead portion and the positive electrode terminal was 2 mm, and the width of the seal portion of the outer package was 4 mm. Further, the weld width between the negative electrode lead portion and the negative electrode terminal was 2 mm, and the width of the seal portion of the outer package was 4 mm as described above.
[0034]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a laminated polymer electrolyte battery of Example 1. A laminated electrode group is constituted by using four
[0035]
The laminated electrode group corresponds to a laminate of four unit cells each including the
[0036]
Since this unit cell is inside the laminated electrode group, so-called double-side coated electrodes are used for both the
[0037]
FIG. 3 shows a connection portion by welding between the
[0038]
1 to 3 are all schematically illustrated, and the dimensional ratio of each component is not necessarily accurate.
[0039]
Comparative Example 1
The four positive electrode lead parts are all the same length, the four negative electrode lead parts are all the same length, and the four positive electrode lead parts are stacked, A laminated polymer electrolyte battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the connection was made by welding and the negative electrode terminal and the seal part of the outer package were connected by welding in a state where four negative electrode lead portions were laminated.
[0040]
After measuring the internal resistance of the batteries of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the batteries were stored in an atmosphere of 60 ° C. and 90% relative humidity for 20 days, and the internal resistance after storage was measured. The results are shown in Table 1. The internal resistance was measured at a frequency of 1 kHz using a 4263B type LCR meter manufactured by Hewlett-Packard Company.
[0041]
[Table 1]
[0042]
As shown in Table 1, the battery of Example 1 had less increase in internal resistance due to storage and superior storage characteristics as compared with the battery of Comparative Example 1. This is presumably because the battery of Example 1 had a high sealing performance, whereas the battery of Comparative Example 1 had a low sealing performance because the lead portion in the sealing portion of the outer package was thick.
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a laminated polymer electrolyte battery in which the sealing part of the outer package has high sealing properties, excellent storage characteristics, and high battery performance reliability.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a laminated polymer electrolyte battery of Example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an essential part of one unit cell taken out of the laminated electrode group used in the laminated polymer electrolyte battery of Example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a connection portion between a lead portion of a positive electrode and a positive electrode terminal which is an external terminal in the laminated polymer electrolyte battery of Example 1 of the present invention and the vicinity thereof.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (1)
上記複数枚の正極のうち1枚の正極のリード部の長さを他の正極のリード部の長さより長くし、上記長さの長いリード部の自由端側を正極端子と外装体のシール部分で接続し、かつ上記長さの長いリード部と正極端子との接続部分に位置する正極のリード部を、上記長さの長いリード部のみとし、
上記複数枚の負極のうち1枚の負極のリード部の長さを他の負極のリード部の長さより長くし、上記長さの長いリード部の自由端側を負極端子と外装体のシール部分で接続し、かつ上記長さの長いリード部と負極端子との接続部分に位置する負極のリード部を、上記長さの長いリード部のみとし、
上記正極端子と上記負極端子とが、電池の平面視で反対方向に取り出されていることを特徴とする積層形ポリマー電解質電池。」 Two laminated films are used as an outer package, and a negative electrode composite is formed on at least one surface of a plurality of positive electrodes and a copper current collector formed by forming a positive electrode mixture layer on at least one surface of an aluminum current collector. In a laminated polymer electrolyte battery in which a laminated electrode group formed by laminating a plurality of negative electrodes formed by forming an agent layer with a polymer electrolyte layer interposed therebetween is covered with an outer package,
Among the plurality of positive electrodes, the length of the lead portion of one positive electrode is made longer than the length of the lead portion of the other positive electrode, and the free end side of the long lead portion is connected to the seal portion of the positive electrode terminal and the outer package. And the lead portion of the positive electrode located at the connecting portion between the long lead portion and the positive electrode terminal, only the long lead portion,
Of the plurality of negative electrodes, the length of the lead portion of one negative electrode is made longer than the length of the lead portion of the other negative electrode, and the free end side of the long lead portion is the seal portion of the negative electrode terminal and the outer package. And the lead part of the negative electrode located at the connection part between the long lead part and the negative terminal is only the long lead part ,
The laminated polymer electrolyte battery, wherein the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal are taken out in opposite directions in a plan view of the battery. "
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP03671899A JP3775633B2 (en) | 1999-02-16 | 1999-02-16 | Stacked polymer electrolyte battery |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP03671899A JP3775633B2 (en) | 1999-02-16 | 1999-02-16 | Stacked polymer electrolyte battery |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000235851A JP2000235851A (en) | 2000-08-29 |
| JP3775633B2 true JP3775633B2 (en) | 2006-05-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| JP03671899A Expired - Fee Related JP3775633B2 (en) | 1999-02-16 | 1999-02-16 | Stacked polymer electrolyte battery |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9991500B2 (en) | 2013-07-12 | 2018-06-05 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Rechargeable battery |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3953327B2 (en) | 2002-01-21 | 2007-08-08 | Necトーキン株式会社 | Batteries and electric double layer capacitors |
| DE602006017081D1 (en) * | 2005-08-01 | 2010-11-04 | Stora Enso Ab | METHOD FOR CONTAINING PACKAGING AND HOLDING COMPONENTS THEREOF |
| KR101115382B1 (en) | 2007-07-23 | 2012-02-15 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | High power secondary battery with series connection structure |
| FR2977971B1 (en) * | 2011-07-13 | 2013-08-16 | Hutchinson | SUPERCONDENSER CELL AND SUPERCAPACITIVE MODULE INCORPORATING A PLURALITY OF THESE CELLS. |
| JP7194331B2 (en) * | 2019-02-12 | 2022-12-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | laminated battery |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP4010521B2 (en) * | 1997-11-28 | 2007-11-21 | 日立マクセル株式会社 | Stacked battery |
| JP3686242B2 (en) * | 1997-12-04 | 2005-08-24 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Battery stack electrode connection method and battery |
| JPH11219727A (en) * | 1998-01-30 | 1999-08-10 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | Polymer battery |
| JP4288737B2 (en) * | 1999-01-13 | 2009-07-01 | パナソニック株式会社 | Flat battery |
| JP2000231914A (en) * | 1999-02-10 | 2000-08-22 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | Stacked polymer electrolyte battery |
| JP2000235850A (en) * | 1999-02-16 | 2000-08-29 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | Stacked polymer electrolyte battery |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9991500B2 (en) | 2013-07-12 | 2018-06-05 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Rechargeable battery |
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| JP2000235851A (en) | 2000-08-29 |
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