JP3779131B2 - Cr-based alloy with excellent workability and strength-ductility balance at high temperature - Google Patents
Cr-based alloy with excellent workability and strength-ductility balance at high temperature Download PDFInfo
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、冷間加工性、被削性などの加工性のほか、 600℃以上の高温とりわけ1000℃以上の超高温域における強度−延性バランスに優れるCr基合金に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
最近の産業・工業の分野における技術進歩、また環境問題に対する関心の高まりなどから、600 ℃以上の高温、特に1000℃以上の超高温域において、高強度でしかも高延性を具えた金属材料の出現が強く要請されるようになってきた。
ところで、従来から用いられてきた高温材料は、主としてNi基、Cr基、Co基の合金であった。例えば、特開昭55−154542号公報には、Cr:20〜35mass%、Si:1〜8mass%、C:1.7 〜3.5 mass%を含み、M7C3型の炭化物を形成させたNi基合金が、また特開昭55−154542号公報には、Ni:20〜47mass%、Co:6〜35mass%、Cr:18〜36mass%、C:0.6 〜2.5 mass%、Si:0.5 〜2.5 mass%を含むNi−Co−Cr系合金がそれぞれ提案されている。
しかしながら、これらの合金は、強度または延性のいずれかの特性が十分でないために、実用的には500 ℃程度の温度までしか使用することができなかった。また、これらNiやCoを多量に含む合金は、材料の価格自体が高価であり、熱膨張係数が大きく、被削性も劣るといった多くの問題も抱えていた。
【0003】
Ni基やCo基の合金より安価で、熱膨張係数の小さい高温材料としては、Cr系の合金が有望である。例えば、特開平11−80902 号公報には、C:0.5 〜1.5 mass%、Si:1.0 〜4.0 mass%、Mn:0.5 〜2.0 mass%、Cr:35〜60mass%を含有する、高温でのエロージョン・コロージョン性を高めた高Cr合金が提案されている。しかし、この高Cr合金は、高温域とくに1000℃以上では、十分な強度を得ることが難しい上、C含有量が高いために冷間圧延性や被削性に劣るという問題があった。
このようなCr系合金の強度を高めるには、Cr量の一層の増加が必要である。ところが、従来の技術でCr量を60mass%以上にすると、延性がほとんどなくなってしまうために、溶製後の加工が不可能になるという問題があった。このため、60mass%以上のCr基合金は今なお実用化されるまでには至っていない。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述したように、超高温環境での使用に耐えうる材料への要請が益々高まりつつある状況にもかかわらず、高温で十分な強度と延性を有し、冷間圧延性や常温での被削性を具えた実用的な材料はこれまでに存在しなかった。
そこで、本発明の目的は、従来技術が抱えている上記問題を解消することにあり、600 ℃以上の高温とくに1000℃以上の超高温域において、従来合金では達成しえなかった優れた強度−延性バランスを具えるとともに、優れた冷間圧延性や常温における被削性を有するCr基合金を提供することにある。なお、強度−延性バランスの具体的な目標値は、引張試験における断面積の減少率RAと引張強さTSとの積で表されるRA×TSが1000〜1250℃の温度範囲で12000 %・MPa 以上であるものとする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
発明者らは、経済性や熱膨張係数の上から有利なCr基合金を対象にして、上記課題の解決に向けて鋭意研究した。その結果、60mass%以上のCrを含有するCr基合金であっても、合金中のC+N、S、Oおよび析出物としてのCrの含有量を限界量以下に低減することにより、常温における被削性、冷間圧延性などの加工性と、高温における強度−延性バランスとを両立させうることを見いだし、本発明を完成するにいたった。また、発明者らは高温におけるさらなる強度上昇には、W、Ti、Mo、Reの添加が有効であることをも知見した。
【0006】
このようにして完成した本発明は、Cr:60mass%以上、C+N:50mass ppm以下、S:20mass ppm以下、O:100mass ppm以下、かつ酸化物、炭化物、窒化物を含む析出物としてのCr:100mass pm以下を含有し、残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物からなり、引張試験における断面積の減少率RAと引張強さTSとの積で表される、強度−延性バランスRA×TSが1200℃の温度で12000%・MPa以上であることを特徴とする加工性および高温における強度−延性バランスに優れるCr基合金である。また、本発明は、Cr:60mass%以上、C+N:50mass ppm以下、S:20mass ppm以下、O:100mass ppm以下、かつ酸化物、炭化物、窒化物を含む析出物としてのCr:100mass ppm以下を含有し、さらにW:0.1〜10.0mass%、Ti:0.1〜5.0mass%、Mo:0.1〜5.0mass%およびRe:0.1〜5.0mass%、のうちから選ばれるいずれか1種または2種以上を含有し、残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物からなり、引張試験における断面積の減少率RAと引張強さTSとの積で表される、強度−延性バランスRA×TSが1200℃の温度で12000%・MPa以上であることを特徴とする加工性および高温における強度−延性バランスに優れるCr基合金である。そして、上記各発明のCr基合金は、Cr:99.9mass%以上のクロム原料を用いて、1.3×10-3Pa以下の真空度にてスカル溶解したものであることが好ましい。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
まず、本発明を想到する契機となった実験について説明する。
原料の純度および溶解条件を変化させることにより、70mass%Crを含有するCr基合金を種々溶製し、熱間鍛造により25mmの棒状試片とした。これら棒状試片を1250℃に加熱後水冷したのち、直径6.5 mm、長さ120 mmの丸棒試験片を切り出した。この丸棒試験片を用いて、直接通電方式の高温引張り試験機(グリーブル試験機)により、1100℃における強度(引張強さ)と延性(断面積の減少率)を測定した。
【0008】
図1に、高温での強度−延性バランス(断面積の減少率RAと引張強さTSとの積)におよぼすC+N量の影響を示す。図1から、高温域における強度−延性バランスを改善するためには、S量およびO量を制限したうえで、C+N量を低減することが必要であることがわかる。
また、図2に、常温での被削性に及ぼす析出物としてしてのCr(以後、「析出Cr」と略記する)の影響を示す。ここに、被削性は、バイト:超硬P20、送り:0.155 mm/rev、切り込み:1.5 mmの条件で行う乾切削において、工具寿命が60分になるときの切削速度(V60)を、AISI規格のB1112(いおう快削鋼)でのV60の値を基準値:100として比較した、被削率で評価した。図2から、被削性は析出Cr量に大きく左右され、被削性の向上のためには析出Cr量を制限することが必要であることが示される。本発明はかかる知見に基づいて完成したものである。
【0009】
次に、本発明の成分を上記範囲に限定した理由について説明する。
・Cr:60mass%以上
Crは、高温域における強度を確保するために必要な元素であり、その含有量が60mass%未満では、1000℃以上での強度確保が困難となるので、60mass%以上含有させることが必要である。なお、十分な特性を発揮させるには65mass%以上含有させることが好ましい。また、Cr量の上限はとくに定める必要がないが、溶製上の理由から99.99 mass%が限界である。
【0010】
・C+N:50 mass ppm 以下
CおよびNは、1000℃以下でCr炭・窒化物を形成して、合金の脆化による圧延性の低下および耐食性の低下を招く。また、このCおよびNは、600 ℃以上の高温域では固溶状態で存在し延性を低下させる。これらの特性低下を招かないようにするには、C+Nとしての含有量を50mass ppm以下とする必要がある。なお、延性の低下をより少なくするために、好ましくはC+Nを30 mass ppm 以下、より好ましくは20 mass ppm 以下にするのがよい。また、下限値は特に規定しないが、工業的には、溶製時間を考慮して、0.1 mass ppmまでとするのが望ましい。
【0011】
・S:20 mass ppm 以下
Sは、Cr基合金中にわずかに含まれる、Ti、Cu、Mnなどの微量金属元素と硫化物を形成して存在するか、固溶状態で粒界に偏析して存在し、いずれの場合とも高温での延性低下および冷間圧延性の低下を招く。このような悪影響は、S量が20 mass ppm を超えると著しくなるので、その上限を20 mass ppm とする。なお、延性低下をより少なくするためには、S量を10 mass ppm 以下に抑制するのが望ましい。また、Sの下限量については特に定めないが、溶製コストを考えると0.1 mass ppmまでとするのが望ましい。
【0012】
・O:100 mass ppm以下
Oは、合金中のCrのほか、わずかに含まれるAl、Siなどの微量金属元素と酸化物を形成し、延性の低下を招く。このような悪影響を避けるには、O量(全O量)を100 mass ppm以下に制限する必要がある。なお、より高い延性を維持するためには、O量を50 mass ppm 以下とするのが好ましい。O量の下限は定めないが、溶製コストを考えて、5 mass ppmとするのが好ましい。
【0013】
・析出物としてのCr:100 mass ppm以下析出Cr(析出物としてのCr)は、酸化物、炭化物、窒化物を含む析出物として存在する。従来の耐熱合金ではCr析出物を高温強度の向上のために利用していたが、本発明においては、このCr析出物とくにCr酸化物は、延性を低下させて1000℃以上での強度−延性バランスの確保を困難にする。また、Cr炭窒化物が昇温中に溶解すると、600〜800℃付近における延性を低下させる。さらに、高純度の高Cr合金においては、Cr析出物は被削性を低下させるとともに、耐食性をも低下させる。このようなCr析出物による悪影響は、析出Crの量が100 mass ppmを超えると顕著にあらわれる。よって、析出Crの量は100 mass ppm以下に制限する。析出Cr量の下限はとくに定めないが、溶製技術、溶製時間の点から0.01 mass ppmとするのが好ましい。
【0014】
・W:0.1 〜10.0 mass %、Ti:0.1 〜5.0 mass%、Mo:0.1 〜5.0 mass%、Re:0.1 〜5.0 mass%
W、Ti、MoおよびReは、Cr基合金の高温強度を、延性を損なうことなく上昇させるのに有効な元素である。このような効果は、いずれの元素とも0.1 mass%以上の添加により発現させられるが、多量の添加は延性を低下させるので避けなければならない。このため、Wの含有量は10.0 mass %以下、Ti、MoおよびReの含有量は、いずれも5.0 mass%以下とする。なお、これら元素の好ましい含有範囲は、W:1.0 〜9.0 mass%、Ti:1.0 〜4.0 mass%、Mo:1.0 〜4.0 mass%、Re:1.0 〜4.0 mass%である。また、これら元素を複合添加する場合には、延性確保の上から合計量で15mass%以下に止めるのが望ましい。
【0015】
以上述べた成分元素以外は、Feおよび不可避的不純物とする。なお、残余の元素をFeとしたのは、Cr−Fe合金が延性とコストの点からもっとも有利であるからである。
本発明合金は、とくに1000℃以上の高温域において優れた強度と延性を有しているが、かかる合金は、とくに高純度の原料を用いることと、溶解条件について留意する以外は常法にしたがって製造することができる。これらのうち、例えば、クロム原料としてCr:99.9mass%以上の純度のものを使用すること、溶解条件として、ルツボからの不純物の混入が少ないスカル溶解法により、圧力が1.3 ×10−3Pa以下(10−5 Torr 以下)、好ましくは1.3 ×10−4Pa以下(10−6 Torr 以下)の高真空の下で溶解することが望ましい。
【0016】
【実施例】
表1に示す成分からなる各種Cr基合金を溶製した。溶製には、原料として高純度クロム(純度99.95 mass%)、超高純度電解鉄(純度99.998mass%)を使用し、1.3 ×10−4Paの真空下で水冷銅るつぼを用いるスカル溶解法を採用した。このインゴットを1050〜1200℃で熱間鍛造して直径25mmの棒状試片とした。
これら棒状試片を1250℃に加熱後水冷してから、直径6.5 mm、長さ120 mmの丸棒試験片を切り出した。この試験片を用いて、直接通電方式の高温引張り試験機(グリーブル試験機)により高温での延性(断面積の減少率)および引張強さを測定した。比較のために、同様の試験を商用の耐熱材料である54 mass %Ni−18
mass %Cr−3 mass %Mo合金についても実施した。
【0017】
【表1】
【0018】
また、常温における被削性は、AISI規格のB1112(いおう快削鋼)の切削において、工具寿命が60分となるときの切削速度(V60)の値を100とし、この値を基準とする相対値で表した被削率で評価した。
冷間圧延性は以下の方法で調査した。溶解後のインゴットを1250℃に再加熱し、熱間圧延機にて5.0 mm厚まで圧延した。この熱延板を1100℃で10分間焼鈍したのち、室温にて圧延率50%(板厚2.5 mm)で冷間圧延し、全長1.5 mの冷延板とした。冷延板の先・後端部を除いた1mの範囲において、耳割れの有無、深さを測定することにより、次の基準にしたがって冷間圧延性を評価した。
○:割れなし又は割れの深さ0.5 mm未満
△:割れの深さ0.5 〜5 mm未満
×:割れの深さ5 mm以上
なお、上記○で評価したもののうち、圧延率90%で冷間圧延した場合でも耳割れが発生しなかったものは◎とした。
【0019】
得られた試験結果を表2に示す。Cr量が60mass%未満の合金A1およびA2は1000℃での強度が低下している。また、従来から耐熱材料として用いられている54 mass %Ni−18 mass %Cr−3 mass%Mo合金は、1000℃を超えると急激に延性が低下し、1200℃でのRAは0%となる。
これに対して、発明合金は1000℃以上の高温でいずれも強度−延性バランスを表すRA×TSが12000 (%・MPa)以上を示し、きわめて優れた強度−延性バランスを有していることが分かる。また、W、Ti、MoおよびReのうちのいずれか1種以上を添加した発明合金は、一層優れた強度−延性バランスを示す。
また、発明合金の被削性は良好であり、表3に示す従来の耐熱合金のそれに比べても優れている。発明合金の冷間圧延性も被削性と同様に良好であり、とくにC+N、Sを低減した場合には、圧延率90%の冷間圧延を施した場合でも、耳割れがまったく発生しなかった。
【0020】
【表2】
【0021】
【表3】
【0022】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、1000℃以上の高温域における強度−延性バランスに優れ、被削性、冷間圧延性にも優れたCr基合金を提供することが可能になる。従って、本発明は、高温材料が必要とされる各種の産業分野に利用され、地球環境の改善にも寄与する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】C+N量が1100℃における強度−延性バランスに及ぼす影響を示すグラフである。
【図2】析出Cr量が被削性に及ぼす影響を示すグラフである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a Cr-based alloy that is excellent in workability such as cold workability and machinability, as well as a strength-ductility balance in a high temperature of 600 ° C. or higher, particularly in an ultrahigh temperature range of 1000 ° C. or higher.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Due to recent technological advancements in the industrial and industrial fields and increased interest in environmental issues, the emergence of metallic materials with high strength and high ductility at temperatures above 600 ° C, especially at ultra-high temperatures above 1000 ° C. Has been strongly demanded.
By the way, the high-temperature materials conventionally used are mainly Ni-based, Cr-based, and Co-based alloys. For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-154542 discloses Ni group containing Cr: 20 to 35 mass%, Si: 1 to 8 mass%, C: 1.7 to 3.5 mass%, and forming M 7 C 3 type carbide. An alloy is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-154542. Ni: 20 to 47 mass%, Co: 6 to 35 mass%, Cr: 18 to 36 mass%, C: 0.6 to 2.5 mass%, Si: 0.5 to 2.5 mass Ni-Co-Cr alloys containing 1% have been proposed.
However, these alloys can only be used up to a temperature of about 500 ° C. because they are not sufficiently strong or ductile. Further, these alloys containing a large amount of Ni or Co have many problems such as high material prices, a large thermal expansion coefficient, and poor machinability.
[0003]
Cr-based alloys are promising as high-temperature materials that are cheaper than Ni-based and Co-based alloys and have a low thermal expansion coefficient. For example, JP-A-11-80902 discloses erosion at a high temperature containing C: 0.5 to 1.5 mass%, Si: 1.0 to 4.0 mass%, Mn: 0.5 to 2.0 mass%, and Cr: 35 to 60 mass%.・ High Cr alloys with improved corrosion properties have been proposed. However, this high Cr alloy has a problem that it is difficult to obtain sufficient strength at a high temperature range, particularly at 1000 ° C. or more, and since the C content is high, cold rolling property and machinability are inferior.
In order to increase the strength of such a Cr-based alloy, it is necessary to further increase the Cr content. However, when the Cr content is increased to 60 mass% or more with the conventional technique, the ductility is almost lost, so that there is a problem that processing after melting becomes impossible. For this reason, Cr-based alloys of 60 mass% or more have not yet been put into practical use.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As mentioned above, despite the increasing demand for materials that can withstand use in ultra-high temperature environments, it has sufficient strength and ductility at high temperatures, and it can be used for cold rolling and room temperature cutting. There has never been a practical material with sex.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and it has excellent strength that could not be achieved by conventional alloys at a high temperature of 600 ° C. or higher, particularly at an extremely high temperature range of 1000 ° C. or higher. It is an object of the present invention to provide a Cr-based alloy having a ductile balance and having excellent cold rolling properties and machinability at room temperature. In addition, the specific target value of the strength-ductility balance is 12000% in a temperature range where RA × TS represented by the product of the reduction ratio RA of the cross-sectional area in the tensile test and the tensile strength TS is 1000 to 1250 ° C. It shall be greater than MPa.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors have conducted intensive research aimed at solving the above-mentioned problems, targeting Cr-based alloys that are advantageous in terms of economy and thermal expansion coefficient. As a result, even in the case of a Cr-based alloy containing 60 mass% or more of Cr, the content of C + N, S, O and Cr as a precipitate in the alloy is reduced to a limit amount or less, thereby cutting at normal temperature. The present invention has been completed by finding that it is possible to achieve both the workability such as cold workability and cold rollability and the balance between strength and ductility at high temperatures. The inventors have also found that the addition of W, Ti, Mo, and Re is effective for further increasing the strength at high temperatures.
[0006]
The present invention thus completed has Cr: 60 mass% or more, C + N: 50 mass ppm or less, S: 20 mass ppm or less, O: 100 mass ppm or less, and Cr as a precipitate containing oxide, carbide, and nitride : 100 mass pm or less, the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities, and the strength-ductility balance RA × TS is 1200 ° C. expressed by the product of the cross-sectional area reduction rate RA and the tensile strength TS in the tensile test. It is a Cr-based alloy that is excellent in workability and strength-ductility balance at high temperature, characterized by a temperature of 12000% · MPa or more. Further, the present invention provides Cr: 60 mass% or more, C + N: 50 mass ppm or less, S: 20 mass ppm or less, O: 100 mass ppm or less, and Cr: 100 mass ppm or less as a precipitate containing oxide, carbide, or nitride. Further, W: 0.1-10.0 mass%, Ti: 0.1-5.0 mass%, Mo: 0.1-5.0 mass% and Re: 0.1-5.0 mass%, any one or more selected from among Contained, the balance consisting of Fe and inevitable impurities, represented by the product of the reduction ratio RA of the cross-sectional area in the tensile test and the tensile strength TS, the strength-ductility balance RA × TS is 12000% at a temperature of 1200 ° C. -Cr-based alloy with excellent workability and strength-ductility balance at high temperature, characterized by being at least MPa. And it is preferable that the Cr-based alloy of each of the above inventions is obtained by skull melting at a vacuum degree of 1.3 × 10 −3 Pa or less using a chromium raw material of Cr: 99.9 mass% or more.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
First, an experiment that triggered the present invention will be described.
Various Cr-based alloys containing 70 mass% Cr were produced by changing the purity and melting conditions of the raw materials, and 25 mm rod specimens were obtained by hot forging. These bar specimens were heated to 1250 ° C. and then cooled with water, and then round bar specimens having a diameter of 6.5 mm and a length of 120 mm were cut out. Using this round bar test piece, the strength (tensile strength) and ductility (reduction rate of the cross-sectional area) at 1100 ° C. were measured by a direct energization type high-temperature tensile tester (Gleeble tester).
[0008]
FIG. 1 shows the effect of the amount of C + N on the strength-ductility balance at high temperature (the product of the cross-sectional area reduction rate RA and the tensile strength TS). FIG. 1 shows that in order to improve the strength-ductility balance in the high temperature range, it is necessary to limit the amount of S and O and to reduce the amount of C + N.
FIG. 2 shows the effect of Cr as a precipitate (hereinafter abbreviated as “deposited Cr”) on the machinability at room temperature. Here, the machinability is the cutting speed (V 60 ) when the tool life is 60 minutes in dry cutting performed under the conditions of cutting tool: carbide P20, feed: 0.155 mm / rev, cutting depth: 1.5 mm, The value of V 60 in AISI standard B1112 (Iou free-cutting steel) was compared as a reference value: 100, and the evaluation was made by the cutting rate. FIG. 2 shows that the machinability greatly depends on the amount of precipitated Cr, and it is necessary to limit the amount of precipitated Cr in order to improve the machinability. The present invention has been completed based on such findings.
[0009]
Next, the reason why the components of the present invention are limited to the above range will be described.
・ Cr: 60mass% or more
Cr is an element necessary to ensure strength in a high temperature range. If the content is less than 60 mass%, it is difficult to ensure strength at 1000 ° C. or higher, so it is necessary to contain 60 mass% or more. . In addition, it is preferable to contain 65 mass% or more in order to exhibit sufficient characteristics. Moreover, although it is not necessary to set the upper limit of Cr amount in particular, 99.99 mass% is a limit for reasons of melting.
[0010]
C + N: 50 mass ppm or less C and N form Cr charcoal / nitride at 1000 ° C. or less, leading to deterioration of rollability and corrosion resistance due to embrittlement of the alloy. Further, C and N exist in a solid solution state at a high temperature range of 600 ° C. or more, and lower the ductility. In order not to cause deterioration of these characteristics, the content as C + N needs to be 50 mass ppm or less. In order to reduce the decrease in ductility, C + N is preferably 30 mass ppm or less, more preferably 20 mass ppm or less. In addition, the lower limit value is not particularly defined, but industrially, it is desirable to set it to 0.1 mass ppm in consideration of the melting time.
[0011]
・ S: 20 mass ppm or less S is present in a slight amount in the Cr-based alloy and forms sulfides with trace metal elements such as Ti, Cu, Mn, or segregates at grain boundaries in the solid solution state. In either case, it causes a decrease in ductility at high temperatures and a decrease in cold rollability. Such an adverse effect becomes significant when the S content exceeds 20 mass ppm, so the upper limit is set to 20 mass ppm. In order to further reduce the ductility deterioration, it is desirable to suppress the S content to 10 mass ppm or less. Further, the lower limit amount of S is not particularly defined, but it is preferably up to 0.1 mass ppm in view of melting costs.
[0012]
O: 100 mass ppm or less O forms oxides with trace metal elements such as Al and Si, which are slightly contained, in addition to Cr in the alloy, leading to a decrease in ductility. In order to avoid such adverse effects, it is necessary to limit the O amount (total O amount) to 100 mass ppm or less. In order to maintain higher ductility, the O content is preferably 50 mass ppm or less. Although the lower limit of the amount of O is not set, it is preferable to set it to 5 mass ppm in consideration of the melting cost.
[0013]
-Cr as a precipitate: 100 mass ppm or less Precipitated Cr (Cr as a precipitate) exists as a precipitate containing oxide, carbide, and nitride . In conventional heat-resistant alloys, Cr precipitates were used to improve high-temperature strength. However, in the present invention, these Cr precipitates, especially Cr oxides, reduce the ductility and increase the strength-ductility at 1000 ° C or higher. Making balance difficult. Moreover, when Cr carbonitride melt | dissolves during temperature rising, the ductility in 600-800 degreeC vicinity will be reduced. Further, in high purity high Cr alloys, Cr precipitates reduce machinability and corrosion resistance. Such an adverse effect due to Cr precipitates becomes prominent when the amount of precipitated Cr exceeds 100 mass ppm. Therefore, the amount of precipitated Cr is limited to 100 mass ppm or less. The lower limit of the amount of precipitated Cr is not particularly defined, but is preferably 0.01 mass ppm from the viewpoint of the melting technique and the melting time.
[0014]
-W: 0.1-10.0 mass%, Ti: 0.1-5.0 mass%, Mo: 0.1-5.0 mass%, Re: 0.1-5.0 mass%
W, Ti, Mo and Re are effective elements for increasing the high temperature strength of the Cr-based alloy without impairing the ductility. Such an effect can be exhibited by addition of 0.1 mass% or more of any element, but addition of a large amount must be avoided because it reduces ductility. Therefore, the W content is 10.0 mass% or less, and the Ti, Mo, and Re contents are all 5.0 mass% or less. In addition, the preferable content range of these elements is W: 1.0-9.0 mass%, Ti: 1.0-4.0 mass%, Mo: 1.0-4.0 mass%, Re: 1.0-4.0 mass%. In addition, when these elements are added in combination, it is desirable to keep the total amount to 15 mass% or less from the viewpoint of ensuring ductility.
[0015]
Except for the component elements described above, Fe and inevitable impurities are used. The reason why the remaining element is Fe is that the Cr—Fe alloy is most advantageous in terms of ductility and cost.
The alloy of the present invention has excellent strength and ductility, particularly in a high temperature range of 1000 ° C. or higher. However, such an alloy is used in accordance with a conventional method except that a high-purity raw material is used and the melting conditions are noted. Can be manufactured. Among these, for example, use of a chromium raw material with a purity of 99.9 mass% or more as a chromium raw material, and as a dissolution condition, a pressure of 1.3 × 10 −3 Pa or less is obtained by a skull dissolution method with less impurities from the crucible. (10 −5 Torr or less), preferably 1.3 × 10 −4 Pa or less (10 −6 Torr or less) under high vacuum.
[0016]
【Example】
Various Cr-based alloys composed of the components shown in Table 1 were melted. For melting, high-purity chromium (purity 99.95 mass%) and ultrahigh-purity electrolytic iron (purity 99.998 mass%) are used as raw materials, and a skull melting method using a water-cooled copper crucible under a vacuum of 1.3 × 10 -4 Pa It was adopted. This ingot was hot forged at 1050 to 1200 ° C. to obtain a rod-shaped specimen having a diameter of 25 mm.
These bar specimens were heated to 1250 ° C. and then cooled with water, and then round bar specimens having a diameter of 6.5 mm and a length of 120 mm were cut out. Using this test piece, the ductility (decrease rate of the cross-sectional area) and the tensile strength at high temperature were measured by a high-temperature tensile tester (Gleeble tester) of a direct energization method. For comparison, the same test was conducted with 54 mass% Ni-18, a commercial heat-resistant material.
A mass% Cr-3 mass% Mo alloy was also carried out.
[0017]
[Table 1]
[0018]
Further, the machinability at room temperature is based on the value of the cutting speed (V 60 ) when the tool life is 60 minutes in the cutting of AISI standard B1112 (Iou free cutting steel), which is 100. Evaluation was based on the cutting rate expressed as a relative value.
The cold rolling property was investigated by the following method. The ingot after melting was reheated to 1250 ° C. and rolled to a thickness of 5.0 mm with a hot rolling mill. The hot-rolled sheet was annealed at 1100 ° C. for 10 minutes, and then cold-rolled at a rolling rate of 50% (sheet thickness 2.5 mm) at room temperature to obtain a cold-rolled sheet having a total length of 1.5 m. Cold rollability was evaluated according to the following criteria by measuring the presence / absence of ear cracks and the depth in a range of 1 m excluding the front and rear end portions of the cold rolled sheet.
○: No crack or crack depth of less than 0.5 mm △: Crack depth of 0.5 to less than 5 mm ×: Crack depth of 5 mm or more Of those evaluated in the above ○, cold rolling at a rolling rate of 90% Even in the case where the cracks did not occur, ◎ was given.
[0019]
The test results obtained are shown in Table 2. Alloys A1 and A2 having a Cr content of less than 60 mass% have a reduced strength at 1000 ° C. In addition, the 54 mass% Ni-18 mass% Cr-3 mass% Mo alloy that has been used as a heat-resistant material has a sudden drop in ductility when it exceeds 1000 ° C., and RA at 1200 ° C. becomes 0%. .
In contrast, the alloys according to the invention have a very excellent strength-ductility balance, with RA × TS representing a strength-ductility balance of 12000 (% · MPa) or more at high temperatures of 1000 ° C. or higher. I understand. Moreover, the invention alloy to which any one or more of W, Ti, Mo, and Re is added exhibits a further excellent strength-ductility balance.
In addition, the machinability of the inventive alloy is good, and it is also superior to that of the conventional heat-resistant alloys shown in Table 3. The cold rolling property of the inventive alloy is as good as the machinability, and especially when C + N and S are reduced, even when cold rolling is performed at a rolling rate of 90%, no ear cracks occur. It was.
[0020]
[Table 2]
[0021]
[Table 3]
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a Cr-based alloy having an excellent strength-ductility balance in a high temperature range of 1000 ° C. or higher, and excellent in machinability and cold rollability. Therefore, the present invention is used in various industrial fields where high temperature materials are required, and contributes to the improvement of the global environment.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of the amount of C + N on the strength-ductility balance at 1100 ° C. FIG.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of the amount of precipitated Cr on machinability.
Claims (3)
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