JP3781807B2 - Rapid chemical dissolution method for Zr and Zr alloys - Google Patents
Rapid chemical dissolution method for Zr and Zr alloys Download PDFInfo
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- JP3781807B2 JP3781807B2 JP19665795A JP19665795A JP3781807B2 JP 3781807 B2 JP3781807 B2 JP 3781807B2 JP 19665795 A JP19665795 A JP 19665795A JP 19665795 A JP19665795 A JP 19665795A JP 3781807 B2 JP3781807 B2 JP 3781807B2
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- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 69
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 53
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000011978 dissolution method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000538 analytical sample Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 citrate ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 36
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 13
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000007922 dissolution test Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000967 As alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001257 Nb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012611 container material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N triammonium citrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、Zr及びZr合金の迅速化学的溶解方法に関し、詳細にはZr(ジルコニウム)及びZr合金(ジルコニウム合金)の迅速な化学的溶解方法に関し、特には、分析試料のZr又はZr合金中の成分を分析するに際し、その分析試料溶液を得るための迅速なる化学的溶解方法に関する技術分野に属するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
Zr及びZr合金中に含まれる合金元素等の元素、特に不純物元素含有量の定量分析に際しては、分析試料のZr又はZr合金を溶液に化学溶解して分析試料溶液を得、そして、この分析試料溶液について化学分析を行うのが通例である。
【0003】
ここで、Zr及びZr合金は一般的には極めて耐食性の優れた金属であり、その化学溶解に際しては硝酸と弗酸との混合溶液(いわゆる硝弗酸溶液)を用いるのが通例である。又、この溶解法とZrの溶解という点で類似する技術として、溶融塩電解法によるTi,Zr,Hf等の活性金属(遷移金属)の電解精製法がある。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、前記従来の硝弗酸溶液によるZr及びZr合金の溶解法においては、次のような問題点がある。即ち、硝弗酸溶液は弗酸を含むため、ガラス、金属、高分子材料や人体等に対して極めて侵食性の強い酸溶液であり、そのため、特に狭いスペースや限られた材質の器具類を用いて溶解作業を行おうとする場合には入念なる注意が必要であり、又、状況によっては溶解作業が実施できない場合もある。
【0005】
一方、前記溶融塩電解法においては、溶解速度は大きいが、高温の溶融塩を用いるため、取扱いが極めて困難であり、又、溶解後の冷却過程で固化が進行して常温に至るまでに固化し、常温では確実に固化状態となるため、常温で液体状態の分析試料溶液が得られないという問題点がある。
【0006】
本発明はこの様な事情に着目してなされたものであって、その目的は、前記従来技術の有する問題点を解消し、従来のような弗酸を含む溶液や高温の溶融塩を使用することなく、比較的侵食性が弱くて取扱いが容易であり且つ常温で液体状態の溶液を用いてZr及びZr合金を迅速に化学溶解し得るZr及びZr合金の迅速化学的溶解方法を提供しようとするものである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の目的を達成するために、本発明に係るZr及びZr合金の迅速化学的溶解方法は、請求項1〜2記載のZr及びZr合金の迅速化学的溶解方法としており、それは次のような構成としたものである。
【0008】
即ち、請求項1記載のZr及びZr合金の迅速化学的溶解方法は、Zr または Zr 合金の分析試料溶液を得るための Zr または Zr 合金の迅速化学的溶解方法であって、ZrまたはZr合金を陽極とし、塩化物と共に錯イオンを含む塩化物水溶液中で電解して全面溶解させて Zr または Zr 合金の分析試料溶液を得ることを特徴とするZr及びZr合金の迅速化学的溶解方法である(第1発明)。
【0009】
請求項2記載のZr及びZr合金の迅速化学的溶解方法は、前記錯イオンがクエン酸イオンである請求項1記載の Zr 及び Zr 合金の迅速化学的溶解方法である(第2発明)。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は例えば次のようにして実施する。
先ず、NaCl,CuCl2 ,HCl 等の如き塩化物を含む塩化物水溶液を準備する。例えば、蒸留水にNaClを10%溶解させた10%NaCl水溶液、蒸留水にCuCl2 を30%溶解させた30%CuCl2 水溶液や、塩酸を希釈した10%塩酸水溶液等を準備する。
【0011】
次に、かかる塩化物水溶液をビーカ等の如き容器に入れ、そして、Zr又はZr合金を陽極として設け、白金等を対極(陰極)として設けた後、この陽極が+(プラス)極、陰極が−(マイナス)極となるように陽極と陰極との間に電圧をかけて電流を流すことにより電解する。
【0012】
このようにすると、陽極であるZr又はZr合金は、いわゆるアノード溶解(陽極溶解)により迅速に化学溶解し、そして、陽極(Zr又はZr合金)が化学溶解した水溶液が得られる。この水溶液は常温で液体状態であり、分析予備操作等を経て分析試料溶液等として用いることができる。
【0013】
かかる本発明の実施の形態からもわかる如く、本発明によれば、従来のような弗酸を含む溶液や高温の溶融塩を使用することなく、Zr及びZr合金を迅速に化学溶解し得る。
【0014】
この詳細を以下説明する。
金属材料を陽極にして水溶液中で電解すると、溶解速度が増すことは公知であるが、Zr及びZr合金の場合には一般の水溶液中では表面に絶縁性皮膜(不働態皮膜)が形成され、アノード溶解によるZr及びZr合金の溶解は事実上停止する。従って、Zr及びZr合金を陽極にして水溶液中で電解し、アノード溶解するには、Zr及びZr合金のアノード溶解の停止が起こらない特別な水溶液が必要である。しかしながら、かかる特別な水溶液についてはこれまで知られていない。
【0015】
そこで、本発明者らは、かかる特別な水溶液を探索すべく、鋭意研究を行い、種々の水溶液中についてZr及びZr合金のアノード溶解性を調べた。その結果、水溶液中に塩化物が存在することにより、はじめて、アノード溶解の停止を生じることなく、迅速なアノード溶解を継続して行い得るという知見を得た。即ち、Zr又はZr合金を陽極とし、塩化物を含む水溶液(即ちハロゲン化物水溶液)中で電解することにより、迅速なアノード溶解を行い得るという知見を得た。
【0016】
本発明は、かかる知見に基づきなされたものである。即ち、本発明に係るZr及びZr合金の迅速化学的溶解方法は、前記の如く、ZrまたはZr合金を陽極とし、塩化物を含む塩化物水溶液中で電解するようにしている。故に、Zr又はZr合金のアノード溶解停止を生じることなく、Zr及びZr合金を迅速にアノード溶解(陽極溶解)し得る。
【0017】
ここで、塩化物水溶液は、NaCl, CuCl2 等の金属の塩化物や、HCl 等の非金属の塩化物等の如き塩化物を含む塩化物水溶液である。 従って、この塩化物水溶液は、比較的侵食性が弱くて取扱いが容易である。又、常温で液体状態の溶液であり、高温の溶融塩ではない。
【0018】
以上より、本発明に係るZr及びZr合金の迅速化学的溶解方法によれば、従来のような弗酸を含む溶液や高温の溶融塩を使用することなく、比較的侵食性が弱くて取扱いが容易であり且つ常温で液体状態の溶液を用いてZr及びZr合金をアノード溶解により迅速に化学溶解し得ることが明白である。
【0019】
又、化学溶解(アノード溶解)を全面溶解形態で起こさせることができる利点がある。即ち、高耐食性金属という点でZr及びZr合金と類似するTi及びTi合金の場合は、塩化物水溶液中でアノード溶解すると、孔食状の溶解となり、溶解途中に陽極(Ti又はTi合金)がその途中からちぎれて脱落したり、部分的に脱落したりする不具合が生じ、又、溶解速度がある程度低いレベルに制限される。これに対し、Zr及びZr合金の場合は、塩化物水溶液中でアノード溶解すると、全面溶解形態となり、Ti及びTi合金の場合の如き陽極の脱落が生じ難く、又、溶解速度をより高いレベルに向上できる。このように全面溶解形態となるのは、塩化物がZr及びZr合金の不働態皮膜を化学的に破壊する作用を有するためである。
【0020】
塩化物水溶液は他のハロゲン化物水溶液に比べ、腐食性が弱いために周辺機器の腐食が生じ難い利点があり、又、値段も安価であり、入手も容易である。
【0021】
前記塩化物水溶液が錯イオンを含んでいることが下記理由により望ましい(第1発明)。即ち、錯イオンを含んでいない場合、アノード溶解により溶出した金属イオンが加水分解して金属の水酸化物として沈澱することがある。この場合、電解後に得られる水溶液はpH調整等により沈澱物を溶解してから分析試料溶液等として用いる必要がある。これに対し、錯イオンを含んでいる場合には、アノード溶解により溶出した金属イオンと錯イオンが反応して錯体を形成し、この錯体は安定であって上記の如き水酸化物等の沈澱生成物を生成しないので、電解後に得られる水溶液をそのまま直接的に分析試料溶液等として用いることができる。従って、錯イオンを含んでいることが望ましい。尚、上記の如き錯イオンの作用は、いわゆるマスキング剤としての作用である。
【0022】
上記の如きマスキング剤としての作用を有する錯イオンとしては、例えばクエン酸イオンがある(第2発明)。かかるクエン酸イオンを塩化物水溶液中に含ませるには、塩化物水溶液中に例えばクエン酸を添加したり、クエン酸ナトリウム、クエン酸アンモニウム等の薬品を添加して溶解させればよい。
【0023】
本発明において、塩化物水溶液は前述の如く塩化物を含む水溶液であるが、この塩化物の種類は特には限定されるものではなく、例えば、NaCl, CuCl2, HCl等を使用することができる。又、塩化物の他に、必要に応じて前記の如き錯イオンや、その他の塩類等を含むことができる。
【0024】
陽極とするZr及びZr合金は純Zr及び純Zr以外のZr合金のことであり、このZr合金の種類は特には限定されるものではなく、例えばジルカロイ−2、ジルカロイ−4、Zr-2.5%Nb合金等を使用することができる。又、それらの大きさについても限定されるものではない。更に、水素が吸蔵されていたり、表面に酸化皮膜が形成されているような場合にも適用可能である。
【0025】
電解のための容器(電解槽)の種類は特には限定されるものではなく、例えばガラスビーカ、塩化ビニル製電解槽、ステンレス鋼製電解槽等を使用できるが、電解液である塩化物水溶液の温度、塩化物の種類、濃度や、Zr及びZr合金の溶解の目的等に応じて、容器材質の耐食性、強度等を考慮し、容器を選定することが望ましい。
【0026】
陰極の種類は特には限定されるものではなく、例えば白金、ステンレス鋼、炭素等を使用できるが、電解液である塩化物水溶液の種類や溶解の目的等に応じて選定することが望ましい。電解のための電源としては直流電源を使用する必要があるが、その種類は特には限定されるものではなく、例えば、ガルバノスタット、一般の整流器、電池等を使用できるが、採用する電解電圧、電解電流、電解時間に応じて選定することが望ましい。
【0027】
電解電圧、電解電流の大きさは特には限定されるものではなく、例えば、Zr及びZr合金をより迅速に溶解する場合には電解電圧、電解電流をより大きくするとよいが、それらが大きくなるに伴って陽極、陰極からのガス発生反応量が大きくなり、ひいては溶解量/電力という効率が低下してくるので、かかる効率や溶解速度を考慮して電解電圧、電解電流を選定することが望ましい。
【0028】
【実施例】
実施例に係るZr及びZr合金の化学的溶解装置を図1に示す。この装置は、ホットプレートの上にガラスビーカを置き、このガラスビーカ内にリード線を接続したZr又はZr合金よりなる試料電極(陽極)を配し、一方、リード線を接続した白金対極(陰極)を前記陽極に向かい合うように配し、これらリード線の他端をガルバノスタットに接続し、そしてガラスビーカ内下部に電解溶液を攪拌するためのマグネチックスターラを配したものである。
【0029】
かかる溶解装置を用いて電解によるZr及びZr合金(ジルカロイ)のアノード溶解試験を次のようにして行った。先ず、この溶解装置のガラスビーカ内に電解水溶液を陽極及び陰極の全面が浸かるように入れた。その直後、ホットプレートによる電解水溶液の加熱及びマグネチックスターラによる電解溶液の攪拌を開始すると共に、陽極が+極、陰極が−極となるようにガルバノスタットを作動させて電解を開始した。そして、電解水溶液の温度:25℃で、電解時間:30分の電解を続けて行った後、試料電極(陽極)の質量を測定し、この測定値と電解前の試料電極(陽極)の質量の測定値との差から質量減少を求めた。ここで、電解水溶液の種類を表1及び2に示す如く変化させた。電流(電解電流)は表1及び2に示す通りである。
【0030】
一方、比較のために図2に示す如き単純浸漬法によるZr合金(ジルカロイ)の溶解試験を行った。即ち、ホットプレートの上にガラスビーカを置き、このガラスビーカ内にZr合金よりなる浸漬試料を配し、浸漬水溶液を入れた後、ホットプレートにより浸漬水溶液を加熱すると共にマグネチックスターラにより浸漬水溶液を攪拌した状態にし、浸漬水溶液の温度:25℃で、浸漬時間:2時間の単純浸漬を行った。しかる後、浸漬前後のZr合金の質量差から質量減少を求めた。ここで、浸漬水溶液の種類を表2に示す如く変化させた。尚、この浸漬水溶液の中、No.21 〜24に示す各種金属塩化物水溶液はZrやZr合金に対して腐食性が強いことが公知の水溶液である。
【0031】
上記溶解試験の結果をまとめて表1及び2に示す。この表からわかる如く、本発明の実施例に係るハロゲン化物水溶液中での電解によるアノード溶解法の場合(No.1〜14、18〜19)、アノード溶解によるZr及びZr合金の質量減少の値が大きく、30分間の電解で陽極電流密度に対応して迅速な溶解をなしえた。
【0032】
これに対して、比較例に係る10%クエン酸単独水溶液中での電解によるアノード溶解法の場合(No.20)、電解によるZr合金の質量減少は認められず、アノード溶解が生じていない。尚、電解時間を2時間としても変化はなく同様であった。
【0033】
又、比較例に係る単純浸漬法による場合(No.21 〜27)、浸漬によるZr合金の質量減少の値が極めて小さく、2時間の浸漬でも殆ど溶解していない。この中、No.21 〜24はZr合金に対して腐食性が強いことが公知の酸化性の金属塩化物水溶液を浸漬水溶液として用いたものであるが、2時間の浸漬でも殆ど溶解していない。
【0034】
【表1】
【0035】
【表2】
【0036】
【発明の効果】
本発明に係るZr及びZr合金の迅速化学的溶解方法によれば、従来のような弗酸を含む溶液や高温の溶融塩を使用することなく、比較的侵食性が弱くて取扱いが容易であり且つ常温で液体状態の溶液を用いてZr及びZr合金をアノード溶解により迅速に化学溶解し得る。そのため、化学溶解により分析試料溶液の如く常温で液体状態の溶解液を得る必要がある場合に好適であり、かかる溶解液を安全な状況下で迅速に得ることができる。又、特に限られた狭いスペースの中で、或いは、限られた材質の器具類を用いてZr又はZr合金を化学溶解する必要がある場合、更には、限られた狭いスペースの中で限られた材質の器具類を用いてZr又はZr合金を化学溶解する必要がある場合に好適であり、そのような場合においても、この化学溶解を比較的容易に且つ迅速に行うことができるようになる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 実施例に係るアノード溶解用試験装置の概要を示す図である。
【図2】 比較例に係る単純浸漬溶解用試験装置の概要を示す図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for rapid chemical dissolution of Zr and Zr alloys, and more particularly to a method for rapid chemical dissolution of Zr (zirconium) and Zr alloys (zirconium alloys), in particular in Zr or Zr alloys of analytical samples. In the analysis of the components, it belongs to a technical field relating to a rapid chemical dissolution method for obtaining an analysis sample solution.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In quantitative analysis of the content of elements such as alloy elements contained in Zr and Zr alloys, especially impurity element content, the analytical sample solution is obtained by chemically dissolving Zr or the Zr alloy of the analytical sample in the solution, and this analytical sample It is customary to perform chemical analysis on the solution.
[0003]
Here, Zr and Zr alloys are generally metals having extremely excellent corrosion resistance, and a mixed solution of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid (so-called nitric hydrofluoric acid solution) is usually used for chemical dissolution. As a technique similar to this dissolution method in terms of dissolution of Zr, there is an electrolytic purification method of active metals (transition metals) such as Ti, Zr and Hf by molten salt electrolysis.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the conventional method for dissolving Zr and Zr alloys using a nitric hydrofluoric acid solution has the following problems. That is, since the nitric hydrofluoric acid solution contains hydrofluoric acid, it is an acid solution that is highly erodible to glass, metals, polymer materials, the human body, and the like. Careful attention is required when using it for melting work, and depending on the situation, the melting work may not be performed.
[0005]
On the other hand, in the molten salt electrolysis method, although the dissolution rate is high, since a high-temperature molten salt is used, it is extremely difficult to handle, and solidification progresses to the normal temperature through solidification in the cooling process after dissolution. However, since the solidified state is surely obtained at normal temperature, there is a problem that an analysis sample solution in a liquid state cannot be obtained at normal temperature.
[0006]
The present invention has been made paying attention to such a situation, and its object is to solve the problems of the prior art and to use a conventional solution containing hydrofluoric acid or a high-temperature molten salt. Therefore, an attempt is made to provide a rapid chemical dissolution method of Zr and Zr alloys, which is relatively weakly erodible and easy to handle and can rapidly chemically dissolve Zr and Zr alloys using a solution in a liquid state at room temperature. To do.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the rapid chemical dissolution method of Zr and Zr alloy according to the present invention is the rapid chemical dissolution method of Zr and Zr alloy according to claims 1 and 2 , which is as follows. It is a configuration.
[0008]
That is, rapid chemical dissolution method of claim 1 Zr and Zr alloy according is a rapid chemical methods for dissolving Zr or Zr alloys for obtaining an analysis sample solution Zr or Zr alloys, the Zr or Zr alloys This is a rapid chemical dissolution method for Zr and Zr alloys, characterized in that an analysis sample solution of Zr or Zr alloy is obtained by electrolysis in a chloride aqueous solution containing complex ions together with chloride as an anode to obtain an analytical sample solution of Zr or Zr alloy ( First invention).
[0009]
Rapid chemical dissolution method of Zr and Zr alloy according to claim 2, the complex ions is rapid chemical methods for dissolving Zr and Zr alloy according to claim 1 wherein the citrate ion (second invention).
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is implemented, for example, as follows.
First, a chloride aqueous solution containing a chloride such as NaCl, CuCl 2 , HCl or the like is prepared. For example, to prepare a 10% NaCl aqueous solution NaCl dissolved 10% in distilled water, 30% and CuCl 2 aqueous solution dissolving CuCl 2 30% distilled water, 10% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution or the like diluted hydrochloric acid.
[0011]
Next, such an aqueous chloride solution is put in a container such as a beaker, Zr or a Zr alloy is provided as an anode, platinum or the like is provided as a counter electrode (cathode), and then the anode is a + (plus) electrode and a cathode is provided. Electrolysis is carried out by applying a voltage between the anode and the cathode so as to form a negative electrode.
[0012]
In this way, Zr or Zr alloy as the anode is rapidly chemically dissolved by so-called anodic dissolution (anodic dissolution), and an aqueous solution in which the anode (Zr or Zr alloy) is chemically dissolved is obtained. This aqueous solution is in a liquid state at room temperature, and can be used as an analysis sample solution or the like through an analysis preliminary operation or the like.
[0013]
As can be seen from the embodiments of the present invention, according to the present invention, Zr and Zr alloys can be rapidly chemically dissolved without using a conventional solution containing hydrofluoric acid or a high-temperature molten salt.
[0014]
Details will be described below.
It is known that when a metal material is used as an anode for electrolysis in an aqueous solution, the dissolution rate is increased. In the case of Zr and Zr alloys, an insulating film (passive film) is formed on the surface in a general aqueous solution. The dissolution of Zr and Zr alloys by anodic dissolution is virtually stopped. Therefore, in order to perform anodic dissolution by electrolysis in an aqueous solution using Zr and a Zr alloy as an anode, a special aqueous solution that does not stop the anodic dissolution of Zr and a Zr alloy is required. However, such a special aqueous solution has not been known so far.
[0015]
Therefore, the present inventors conducted extensive studies to search for such a special aqueous solution, and investigated the anodic solubility of Zr and Zr alloys in various aqueous solutions. As a result, it has been found that the rapid anodic dissolution can be continued without stopping the anodic dissolution for the first time due to the presence of chloride in the aqueous solution. That is, it has been found that rapid anodic dissolution can be achieved by electrolysis in an aqueous solution containing chloride (that is, an aqueous halide solution) using Zr or a Zr alloy as an anode.
[0016]
The present invention has been made based on such findings. That is, as described above, the rapid chemical dissolution method of Zr and Zr alloy according to the present invention uses Zr or Zr alloy as an anode and electrolyzes it in a chloride aqueous solution containing chloride. Therefore, Zr and Zr alloys can be rapidly anodic dissolved (anodic dissolution) without causing anodic dissolution of Zr or Zr alloys.
[0017]
Here, the aqueous chloride solution is an aqueous chloride solution containing a chloride such as a chloride of a metal such as NaCl or CuCl 2 or a non-metal chloride such as HCl. Therefore, this aqueous chloride solution has relatively weak erosion and is easy to handle. Moreover, it is a solution in a liquid state at room temperature, not a high-temperature molten salt.
[0018]
As described above, according to the rapid chemical dissolution method of Zr and Zr alloy according to the present invention, it is relatively easy to handle without using a conventional solution containing hydrofluoric acid or a high-temperature molten salt. It is clear that Zr and Zr alloys can be rapidly chemically dissolved by anodic dissolution using an easy and liquid solution at room temperature.
[0019]
Further, there is an advantage that chemical dissolution (anodic dissolution) can be caused in the entire surface dissolution form. That is, in the case of Ti and Ti alloys similar to Zr and Zr alloys in terms of high corrosion resistance metals, when the anode is dissolved in an aqueous chloride solution, it becomes a pitting corrosion solution, and the anode (Ti or Ti alloy) is dissolved during the dissolution. There arises a problem of tearing off from the middle or dropping off partially, and the dissolution rate is limited to a somewhat low level. In contrast, in the case of Zr and Zr alloys, when the anode is dissolved in an aqueous chloride solution, the entire surface is dissolved, and the anode does not easily fall off as in the case of Ti and Ti alloys, and the dissolution rate is set to a higher level. Can be improved. The reason why the entire surface is dissolved is that the chloride has an action of chemically destroying the passive film of Zr and the Zr alloy.
[0020]
Compared with other halide aqueous solutions, the aqueous chloride solution has an advantage that the peripheral equipment is hardly corroded because it is less corrosive, and is inexpensive and easily available.
[0021]
The chloride aqueous solution preferably contains complex ions for the following reasons ( first invention). That is, when complex ions are not included, metal ions eluted by anodic dissolution may be hydrolyzed and precipitated as metal hydroxides. In this case, the aqueous solution obtained after the electrolysis needs to be used as an analysis sample solution after dissolving the precipitate by adjusting pH or the like. In contrast, when complex ions are contained, metal ions eluted by anodic dissolution react with complex ions to form complexes, which are stable and precipitate such as hydroxides as described above. Since no product is produced, the aqueous solution obtained after electrolysis can be used directly as an analysis sample solution or the like. Therefore, it is desirable to include complex ions. In addition, the effect | action of the above complex ions is an effect | action as what is called a masking agent.
[0022]
As a complex ion having the above-described action as a masking agent, for example, there is citrate ion ( second invention). In order to include such citrate ions in the aqueous chloride solution, for example, citric acid may be added to the aqueous chloride solution, or chemicals such as sodium citrate and ammonium citrate may be added and dissolved.
[0023]
In the present invention, the aqueous chloride solution is an aqueous solution containing chloride as described above, but the type of this chloride is not particularly limited, and for example, NaCl, CuCl 2 , HCl, etc. can be used. . In addition to chlorides, the complex ions as described above, other salts, and the like can be included as necessary.
[0024]
Zr and Zr alloy used as the anode are pure Zr and Zr alloys other than pure Zr, and the kind of Zr alloy is not particularly limited. For example, Zircaloy-2, Zircaloy-4, Zr-2.5% Nb alloy or the like can be used. Further, there is no limitation on the size thereof. Further, the present invention is applicable to cases where hydrogen is occluded or an oxide film is formed on the surface.
[0025]
The type of vessel (electrolyzer) for electrolysis is not particularly limited. For example, a glass beaker, a vinyl chloride electrolyzer, a stainless steel electrolyzer, etc. can be used. It is desirable to select a container in consideration of the corrosion resistance, strength, etc. of the container material according to the temperature, the type and concentration of chloride, and the purpose of dissolving Zr and Zr alloy.
[0026]
The type of the cathode is not particularly limited. For example, platinum, stainless steel, carbon, or the like can be used, but it is desirable to select the cathode according to the type of the aqueous chloride solution that is the electrolytic solution and the purpose of dissolution. Although it is necessary to use a DC power source as a power source for electrolysis, the type thereof is not particularly limited, and for example, a galvanostat, a general rectifier, a battery, or the like can be used. It is desirable to select according to electrolysis current and electrolysis time.
[0027]
The magnitudes of the electrolysis voltage and electrolysis current are not particularly limited. For example, when dissolving Zr and Zr alloys more rapidly, the electrolysis voltage and electrolysis current may be increased. Along with this, the amount of gas generation reaction from the anode and cathode increases, and as a result, the efficiency of dissolution amount / power decreases, so it is desirable to select the electrolysis voltage and electrolysis current in consideration of such efficiency and dissolution rate.
[0028]
【Example】
A chemical melting apparatus for Zr and Zr alloys according to an example is shown in FIG. In this apparatus, a glass beaker is placed on a hot plate, and a sample electrode (anode) made of Zr or a Zr alloy with a lead wire connected is placed in the glass beaker, while a platinum counter electrode (cathode) with a lead wire connected thereto. ) Are arranged so as to face the anode, the other ends of these lead wires are connected to a galvanostat, and a magnetic stirrer for stirring the electrolytic solution is arranged in the lower part of the glass beaker.
[0029]
Using this melting apparatus, electrolytic anodic dissolution tests of Zr and Zr alloys (Zircaloy) were performed as follows. First, an electrolytic aqueous solution was placed in a glass beaker of this melting apparatus so that the entire surfaces of the anode and the cathode were immersed. Immediately thereafter, heating of the electrolytic aqueous solution by a hot plate and stirring of the electrolytic solution by a magnetic stirrer were started, and electrolysis was started by operating the galvanostat so that the anode was a positive electrode and the negative electrode was a negative electrode. Then, after the electrolysis aqueous solution temperature: 25 ° C. and the electrolysis time: 30 minutes, the mass of the sample electrode (anode) was measured, and the measured value and the mass of the sample electrode (anode) before electrolysis The mass reduction was determined from the difference from the measured value. Here, the type of the electrolytic aqueous solution was changed as shown in Tables 1 and 2. The current (electrolytic current) is as shown in Tables 1 and 2.
[0030]
On the other hand, a Zr alloy (Zircaloy) dissolution test was performed by a simple dipping method as shown in FIG. 2 for comparison. That is, a glass beaker is placed on a hot plate, an immersion sample made of a Zr alloy is placed in the glass beaker, and after the immersion aqueous solution is placed, the immersion aqueous solution is heated with the hot plate and the immersion aqueous solution is heated with a magnetic stirrer. In a stirred state, simple immersion was performed at a temperature of the immersion aqueous solution: 25 ° C. and an immersion time: 2 hours. Thereafter, mass reduction was determined from the mass difference between the Zr alloys before and after immersion. Here, the kind of immersion aqueous solution was changed as shown in Table 2. Of these immersion aqueous solutions, the various metal chloride aqueous solutions shown in Nos. 21 to 24 are known aqueous solutions that are highly corrosive to Zr and Zr alloys.
[0031]
The results of the dissolution test are summarized in Tables 1 and 2. As can be seen from this table, in the case of the anodic dissolution method by electrolysis in the halide aqueous solution according to the embodiment of the present invention (No. 1-14, 18-19), the value of mass reduction of Zr and Zr alloy by anodic dissolution The electrolysis for 30 minutes allowed rapid dissolution corresponding to the anode current density.
[0032]
On the other hand, in the case of the anodic dissolution method by electrolysis in a 10% aqueous citric acid solution according to the comparative example (No. 20), no decrease in the mass of the Zr alloy due to electrolysis was observed, and anodic dissolution did not occur. In addition, even if electrolysis time was made into 2 hours, it was the same without change.
[0033]
Further, when the simple dipping method according to the comparative example is used (No. 21 to 27), the value of mass reduction of the Zr alloy by dipping is extremely small and hardly dissolved even after dipping for 2 hours. Among these, Nos. 21 to 24 were obtained by using an oxidizing metal chloride aqueous solution known to be highly corrosive to Zr alloys as an immersion aqueous solution, but hardly dissolved even after immersion for 2 hours. .
[0034]
[Table 1]
[0035]
[Table 2]
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
According to the rapid chemical dissolution method of Zr and Zr alloy according to the present invention, it is relatively easy to handle without using a conventional hydrofluoric acid-containing solution or a high-temperature molten salt. In addition, Zr and Zr alloys can be rapidly chemically dissolved by anodic dissolution using a solution in a liquid state at room temperature. Therefore, it is suitable when it is necessary to obtain a solution in a liquid state at room temperature, such as an analysis sample solution, by chemical dissolution, and such a solution can be obtained quickly in a safe situation. In addition, it is necessary to chemically dissolve Zr or Zr alloy using a limited amount of equipment, especially in limited space. It is suitable when it is necessary to chemically dissolve Zr or Zr alloy using instruments of different materials, and even in such a case, this chemical dissolution can be performed relatively easily and quickly. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of an anodic dissolution test apparatus according to an example.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an outline of a simple immersion dissolution test apparatus according to a comparative example.
Claims (2)
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