Deprecated: The each() function is deprecated. This message will be suppressed on further calls in /home/zhenxiangba/zhenxiangba.com/public_html/phproxy-improved-master/index.php on line 456
JP3785064B2 - Method and apparatus for estimating electrical conductivity - Google Patents
[go: Go Back, main page]

JP3785064B2 - Method and apparatus for estimating electrical conductivity - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for estimating electrical conductivity Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP3785064B2
JP3785064B2 JP2001234095A JP2001234095A JP3785064B2 JP 3785064 B2 JP3785064 B2 JP 3785064B2 JP 2001234095 A JP2001234095 A JP 2001234095A JP 2001234095 A JP2001234095 A JP 2001234095A JP 3785064 B2 JP3785064 B2 JP 3785064B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
conductivity
region
measurement
distribution
sensitivity detector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP2001234095A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2002156362A (en
Inventor
親良 炭
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi High Tech Analysis Corp
Original Assignee
SII NanoTechnology Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SII NanoTechnology Inc filed Critical SII NanoTechnology Inc
Priority to JP2001234095A priority Critical patent/JP3785064B2/en
Publication of JP2002156362A publication Critical patent/JP2002156362A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3785064B2 publication Critical patent/JP3785064B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、定量性のある非破壊検査技法及び装置、物質・材料特性評価技法及び装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
図2に従来の技術による電気導電率推定装置の構成図を示す。
【0003】
従来の方法は、図2の構成による電気インピーダンスCT法である。電流源13によって対象物に積極的に電流を流し込み、それによって生じる電圧を電圧検出器12によって物体表面の多数の点にて測定し、データ処理手段8で有限差分法や要素法等を用いてモデル化し、感度理論に基づいて物体内部の導電率を推定するというものである。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の方法では、外部から電流を強制的に流し込む必要が有り、高感度検出器も接触型を使用していたため、試料内部に既に電流場が存在した場合にその場を乱してしまうという問題が有った。また、試料の全体を有限差分法や要素法等でモデル化する必要が有り、未知試料の関心領域のみの測定から、その関心領域の電気導電率を推定することは困難であった。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで本発明では、高感度な磁気検出器や電磁波検出器や電荷センサーなどの非接触検出器で電流密度分布又は電位分布を測定し、その一方の測定値によって記述される一階の空間偏微分方程式を解くことによって、既に電流場がある場合でもそれを乱すこと無く、関心領域内において与えられた参照導電率に対する相対的な導電率空間分布を推定可能であること、更に、正則化された代数方程式を用いることによって、測定データに含まれるエラー(ノイズ)データや参照領域(導電率の参照値の与えられる領域)が狭くて位置が悪い場合においても関心領域内の一方の測定データのみから電気導電率を推定可能であることを特徴とする。
【0006】
本発明の正則化された代数方程式は、以下に説明するように導出される。
【0007】
測定された値によって記述される電気導電率に関する一階空間編微分方程式に対して、有限差分近似や有限要素法を用いて離散化する。ここでは有限差分法を適用した場合について述べる。有限差分法を適用した場合も同様の手順による。
【0008】
関心領域の2つの独立した電流場に対する電流密度分布を(J1x(x,y),J1y(x,y))と(J2x(x,y),J2y(x,y))とすると、下記の一階偏微分方程式が成り立つ。
【0009】
【数1】

Figure 0003785064
【0010】
電流場が1つである場合は、一つの偏微分方程式のみが成立する。
【0011】
尚、電位分布が測定される場合は、2つの独立した電位分布をそれぞれV1、V2とすると、電場はそれぞれE1=−∇V1、E2=−∇V2となり、下記の一階偏微分方程式が成り立つ。
【0012】
【数2】
Figure 0003785064
【0013】
初期条件は、次の「発明の実施の形態」にて詳述するが、一般的には、参照導電率は
【0014】
【数3】
Figure 0003785064
【0015】
という様に、ある領域内に与えられるが、二つの場が測定された場合には参照値は関心領域内の一点で与えられれば良い。
【0016】
この様な一階空間偏微分方程式に対し、離散デカルト座標系(x,y)〜(IΔx,JΔy)を使い有限差分近似を適用し、初期条件式3を代入することにより、
連立方程式
【0017】
【数4】
Figure 0003785064
【0018】
を得る。但し、sは未知導電率の空間分布を表すベクトル、Dは一階偏微分の有限差分近似定数からなる行列、Jおよびjは各々電流密度分布から定まる行列およびその一階変微分値からなるベクトルである。
【0019】
これを最小二乗法を用いて解くことになるが、J、jは電流密度およびその空間微分値に低域通過型フィルタをかけたもので決まるため、JDの逆作用素はjに含まれる高周波数帯のノイズを増幅させてしまう。つまり、sは不安定な結果となってしまう。そこで、いわゆる正則化を応用して再構成の安定化を図る。具体的には、正則化パラメータα1およびα2(正値)を用いて、
【0020】
【数5】
Figure 0003785064
【0021】
をsに関して最小化する。但し、DsおよびDT Dsは各々未知導電率の空間分布の勾配およびラプラシアンである。DsおよびDT Dsは正定値であるため、e(s)は必ず一つの最小値を持つことになる。
式5のe(s)の最小化により、正則化された正規行列
【0022】
【数6】
Figure 0003785064
【0023】
が得られ、従って、解は
【0024】
【数7】
Figure 0003785064
【0025】
である。
【0026】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に請求項1〜3記載の発明に対応する実施の形態について説明する。
【0027】
図1に本発明の第一の実施形態による計測装置の全体構成図を示す。本装置は計測対象物4の関心領域の電流密度分布や電位分布を測定するための高感度検出器1と走査機構3と、測定対象物4と高感度検出器1の間隔を調整する間隔調整手段14と、計測対象物4に電流場を発生させる電流場発生手段5と、高感度検出器を駆動する駆動装置2と、それらをコントロールする計測制御手段6と測定データを記憶するデータ記録手段7と、測定データから導電率分布を推定するデータ処理手段8で構成される。
【0028】
本発明では、電流密度分布又は電圧分布を非接触で測定するために、磁気センサーや静電容量センサー、電磁波センサー等を用いる。高感度検出器1は駆動装置2に接続し、これによって駆動される。
【0029】
計測制御手段6とデータ記録手段7とデータ処理手段8は、一台の装置上で実現することも可能であり、或いは、複数の装置に分散させることも可能である。走査機構3と間隔調整手段14の位置を逆にすることも可能である。
【0030】
図4は、高感度検出器1の側に走査機構3と間隔調整手段14を設けた実施例である。走査機構3と間隔調整手段14の位置を逆にすることも可能である。
【0031】
図5は、高感度検出器1側に第一の走査機構10を設け、計測対象物4側に第二の走査機構11を設けた実施例である。この実施例では、間隔調整手段14を高感度検出器側1に設けているが、計測対象物4側でもかまわない。第一の走査機構10と間隔調整手段14の位置を逆にすることも可能である。
【0032】
次に図3のフローチャートに従って、導電率分布を推定する方法について説明する。
【0033】
まず、参照領域を適当に設定する。参照領域の設定は以下のように行う。
【0034】
測定時に独立な電流場が2つ以上設定できる場合には、つまり、2つ以上の独立した電流密度分布又は電位分布が測定可能である場合には、参照領域として少なくとも1つの参照点を設定する。参照点は導電率が既知である点である。
【0035】
測定時に電流場が1つしか設定できない場合には、電流密度分布の測定の場合は、電流が支配的に流れる方向に広く伸びるように参照領域を設定する。電位分布の測定の場合は、電流が支配的に流れる方向と広く交わるように参照領域を設定する。参照領域とは導電率が既知である領域である。
【0036】
次に、設定した参照領域と関心領域を含むように測定領域を設定し、電流密度分布或いは電位分布を測定する。関心領域とは導電率分布を知りたい領域である。
【0037】
測定は、2つの独立した電流密度分布を測定する場合次のように行う。
【0038】
電流場発生装置を用いて、関心領域に第一の電流場を生じせしめ、第一の電流密度分布を測定する。続いて、第一の電流場とは独立の第二の電流場を生じせしめ、第二の電流密度分布を測定する。既に電流場が存在する場合は、その1つの場のみを推定し、参照領域を設定すればよい。測定は、計測制御手段によってセンサー駆動装置とXYZステージをコントロールし、XYZステージでサンプルを走査しながら、位置情報と検出信号をデータ記録手段に入力する。
【0039】
データ処理手段8において、測定データに対してノイズ除去のためのフィルタリングを行い、空間的に平滑化し、式4のJの係数を求める。それを元に、式7から関心領域の導電率分布sを求めることが出来る。
【0040】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、未知試料の関心領域の電気導電率を、関心領域のみの測定で得た1つの物理量の分布から求めることができる。特に、試料内部に既に電流場が存在した場合にはその場を乱すことなく容易に関心領域の電気導電率を推定することが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施形態による計測装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図2】従来の技術による計測装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図3】本発明の一実施形態による制御プログラムのフローチャートである。
【図4】本発明の一実施形態による計測装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図5】本発明の一実施形態による計測装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
【符号の説明】
1・・・高感度検出器
2・・・駆動装置
3・・・走査機構
4・・・計測対象物
5・・・電流場発生装置
6・・・計測制御手段
7・・・データ記録手段
8・・・データ処理手段
9・・・ハウジング
10・・・第一の走査機構
11・・・第二の走査機構
12・・・電圧検出器
13・・・電流源
14・・・間隔調整手段
15・・・試料設置台[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a quantitative nondestructive inspection technique and apparatus, and a material / material property evaluation technique and apparatus.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FIG. 2 shows a configuration diagram of a conventional electrical conductivity estimation apparatus.
[0003]
The conventional method is the electrical impedance CT method having the configuration shown in FIG. A current is actively supplied to the object by the current source 13, and the voltage generated thereby is measured at a number of points on the surface of the object by the voltage detector 12, and the data processing means 8 uses a finite difference method, an element method, or the like. Modeling and estimating the conductivity inside the object based on sensitivity theory.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the conventional method, it is necessary to force a current from the outside, and the high-sensitivity detector also uses a contact type, so that the current field is disturbed if a current field already exists inside the sample. There was. In addition, it is necessary to model the entire sample by the finite difference method, the element method, or the like, and it is difficult to estimate the electric conductivity of the region of interest from the measurement of only the region of interest of the unknown sample.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, in the present invention, current density distribution or potential distribution is measured by a non-contact detector such as a highly sensitive magnetic detector, electromagnetic wave detector, or charge sensor, and the first-order spatial partial differential described by one of the measured values. By solving the equation, it is possible to estimate the relative conductivity spatial distribution for a given reference conductivity within the region of interest without disturbing the current field even if it already exists, and also regularized By using an algebraic equation, error (noise) data included in measurement data and reference area (area where conductivity reference value is given) are narrow and bad in position, but only from one measurement data in the area of interest. The electrical conductivity can be estimated.
[0006]
The regularized algebraic equations of the present invention are derived as described below.
[0007]
The first-order space-order differential equation relating to the electrical conductivity described by the measured values is discretized using a finite difference approximation or a finite element method. Here, the case where the finite difference method is applied will be described. The same procedure is applied when the finite difference method is applied.
[0008]
The current density distributions for two independent current fields in the region of interest are (J 1x (x, y), J 1y (x, y)) and (J 2x (x, y), J 2y (x, y)) Then, the following first-order partial differential equation holds.
[0009]
[Expression 1]
Figure 0003785064
[0010]
When there is one current field, only one partial differential equation holds.
[0011]
When the potential distribution is measured, assuming that two independent potential distributions are V 1 and V 2 , respectively, the electric fields are E 1 = −∇V 1 and E 2 = −∇V 2 , respectively. A partial partial differential equation holds.
[0012]
[Expression 2]
Figure 0003785064
[0013]
Initial conditions will be described in detail in the following “Embodiments of the Invention”, but in general, the reference conductivity is
[Equation 3]
Figure 0003785064
[0015]
Thus, although given in a certain region, if two fields are measured, the reference value may be given at one point in the region of interest.
[0016]
By applying a finite difference approximation to such a first-order space partial differential equation using discrete Cartesian coordinate systems (x, y) to (IΔx, JΔy) and substituting the initial conditional expression 3,
Simultaneous equations [0017]
[Expression 4]
Figure 0003785064
[0018]
Get. Where s is a vector representing the spatial distribution of unknown conductivity, D is a matrix composed of first-order partial differential finite difference approximation constants, and J and j are a matrix determined from the current density distribution and a vector composed of the first-order variable differential value, respectively. It is.
[0019]
This is solved using the method of least squares, but J and j are determined by applying a low-pass filter to the current density and its spatial differential value. Therefore, the inverse operator of JD is a high frequency included in j. The band noise is amplified. That is, s has an unstable result. Therefore, the so-called regularization is applied to stabilize the reconstruction. Specifically, using regularization parameters α1 and α2 (positive values),
[0020]
[Equation 5]
Figure 0003785064
[0021]
Minimize with respect to s. Where Ds and D T Ds are the gradient and Laplacian of the spatial distribution of unknown conductivity, respectively. Since Ds and D T Ds are positive definite values, e (s) always has one minimum value.
Regularized regular matrix by minimizing e (s) in Equation 5
[Formula 6]
Figure 0003785064
[0023]
Thus, the solution is
[Expression 7]
Figure 0003785064
[0025]
It is.
[0026]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments corresponding to the first to third aspects of the invention will be described below.
[0027]
FIG. 1 shows an overall configuration diagram of a measuring apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. This apparatus has a high-sensitivity detector 1 and a scanning mechanism 3 for measuring the current density distribution and potential distribution in the region of interest of the measurement object 4, and an interval adjustment for adjusting the distance between the measurement object 4 and the high-sensitivity detector 1. Means 14, current field generating means 5 for generating a current field in the measurement object 4, drive device 2 for driving the high sensitivity detector, measurement control means 6 for controlling them, and data recording means for storing measurement data 7 and data processing means 8 for estimating the conductivity distribution from the measurement data.
[0028]
In the present invention, a magnetic sensor, a capacitance sensor, an electromagnetic wave sensor, or the like is used to measure a current density distribution or a voltage distribution in a non-contact manner. The high sensitivity detector 1 is connected to the driving device 2 and is driven thereby.
[0029]
The measurement control means 6, the data recording means 7, and the data processing means 8 can be realized on a single device, or can be distributed to a plurality of devices. It is also possible to reverse the positions of the scanning mechanism 3 and the interval adjusting means 14.
[0030]
FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which the scanning mechanism 3 and the interval adjusting means 14 are provided on the high sensitivity detector 1 side. It is also possible to reverse the positions of the scanning mechanism 3 and the interval adjusting means 14.
[0031]
FIG. 5 shows an embodiment in which the first scanning mechanism 10 is provided on the high sensitivity detector 1 side and the second scanning mechanism 11 is provided on the measurement object 4 side. In this embodiment, the interval adjusting means 14 is provided on the high sensitivity detector side 1, but it may also be on the measurement object 4 side. It is also possible to reverse the positions of the first scanning mechanism 10 and the interval adjusting means 14.
[0032]
Next, a method for estimating the conductivity distribution will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
[0033]
First, the reference area is set appropriately. The reference area is set as follows.
[0034]
When two or more independent current fields can be set at the time of measurement, that is, when two or more independent current density distributions or potential distributions can be measured, at least one reference point is set as a reference region. . The reference point is the point where the conductivity is known.
[0035]
When only one current field can be set at the time of measurement, in the case of measuring the current density distribution, the reference region is set so as to extend widely in the direction in which the current flows dominantly. In the case of measuring the potential distribution, the reference region is set so as to widely intersect with the direction in which the current flows dominantly. The reference region is a region whose conductivity is known.
[0036]
Next, the measurement region is set so as to include the set reference region and the region of interest, and the current density distribution or the potential distribution is measured. The region of interest is a region where the conductivity distribution is desired to be known.
[0037]
The measurement is performed as follows when measuring two independent current density distributions.
[0038]
Using the current field generator, a first current field is generated in the region of interest and a first current density distribution is measured. Subsequently, a second current field independent of the first current field is generated, and the second current density distribution is measured. If a current field already exists, only that one field needs to be estimated and a reference region set. In the measurement, the sensor driving device and the XYZ stage are controlled by the measurement control unit, and the position information and the detection signal are input to the data recording unit while scanning the sample with the XYZ stage.
[0039]
The data processing means 8 performs filtering for noise removal on the measurement data, spatially smoothes, and obtains the coefficient of J in Equation 4. Based on this, the conductivity distribution s of the region of interest can be obtained from Equation 7.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the electrical conductivity of the region of interest of an unknown sample can be obtained from the distribution of one physical quantity obtained by measuring only the region of interest. In particular, when a current field already exists inside the sample, it is possible to easily estimate the electric conductivity of the region of interest without disturbing the field.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a conventional measuring apparatus.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a control program according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... High sensitivity detector 2 ... Drive apparatus 3 ... Scanning mechanism 4 ... Measurement object 5 ... Current field generator 6 ... Measurement control means 7 ... Data recording means 8 ... Data processing means 9 ... Housing 10 ... First scanning mechanism 11 ... Second scanning mechanism 12 ... Voltage detector 13 ... Current source 14 ... Spacing adjustment means 15 ... Sample mounting table

Claims (4)

測定対象物の電流密度分布を測定するための非接触の高感度検出器と、  A non-contact high-sensitivity detector for measuring the current density distribution of the measurement object;
前記測定対象物と前記高感度検出器の間隔を調整する間隔調整手段と、An interval adjusting means for adjusting an interval between the measurement object and the high sensitivity detector;
前記高感度検出器を駆動する駆動装置と、A driving device for driving the high sensitivity detector;
前記高感度検出器により測定した電流密度の位置情報と検出信号の測定データを記憶するデータ記録手段と、Data recording means for storing current density position information measured by the high sensitivity detector and measurement data of the detection signal;
導電率分布を算出するためのデータ処理手段と、を具備し、Data processing means for calculating the conductivity distribution,
電流が支配的に流れる方向に広く伸びる領域であり導電率が既知である参照領域と導電率を求める関心領域とを含む測定領域の電流密度分布を一つのみ測定することで導電率分布を求めることを特徴とする電気導電率推定装置。  The conductivity distribution is obtained by measuring only one current density distribution in a measurement region including a reference region having a known conductivity and a region of interest for which the conductivity is obtained. An electrical conductivity estimation apparatus characterized by the above.
測定対象物の電位分布を測定するための非接触の高感度検出器と、  A non-contact high-sensitivity detector for measuring the potential distribution of the measurement object;
前記測定対象物と前記高感度検出器の間隔を調整する間隔調整手段と、An interval adjusting means for adjusting an interval between the measurement object and the high sensitivity detector;
前記高感度検出器を駆動する駆動装置と、A driving device for driving the high sensitivity detector;
前記高感度検出器により測定した電位の位置情報と検出信号の測定データを記憶するデータ記録手段と、Data recording means for storing the positional information of the potential measured by the high sensitivity detector and the measurement data of the detection signal;
導電率分布を算出するためのデータ処理手段と、を具備し、Data processing means for calculating the conductivity distribution,
電流が支配的に流れる方向と広く交わる領域であり導電率が既知である参照領域と導電率を求める関心領域とを含む測定領域の電位分布を一つのみ測定することで導電率分布を求めることを特徴とする電気導電率推定装置。  Obtaining the conductivity distribution by measuring only one potential distribution in the measurement region including the reference region where the conductivity is known and the region of interest where the conductivity is known, and the region where the current flows predominantly. An electrical conductivity estimation device characterized by the above.
電流が支配的に流れる方向に広く伸びる領域であり導電率が既知である参照領域を設定する工程と、
前記参照領域と導電率を求める関心領域とを含む測定領域を設定する工程と
前記測定領域の電流密度分布を非接触の高感度検出器で一つのみ測定する工程と、
前記測定した電流密度の位置情報と検出信号の測定データをデータ記録手段に記憶させる工程と、
前記データ記憶手段に記録された測定データからデータ処理手段により導電率分布を求める工程と、からなる電気導電率推定方法。
A step of setting a reference region having a known conductivity and a region that extends widely in a direction in which current flows predominantly;
Setting a measurement region including the reference region and a region of interest for obtaining conductivity;
Measuring only one current density distribution in the measurement region with a non-contact high sensitivity detector;
Storing the position information of the measured current density and the measurement data of the detection signal in a data recording means;
An electrical conductivity estimation method comprising: obtaining a conductivity distribution by a data processing means from measurement data recorded in the data storage means .
電流が支配的に流れる方向と広く交わる領域であり導電率が既知である参照領域を設定する工程と、  A step of setting a reference region having a known conductivity and a region that widely intersects with a direction in which current flows dominantly;
前記参照領域と導電率を求める関心領域とを含む測定領域を設定する工程と  Setting a measurement region including the reference region and a region of interest for obtaining conductivity;
前記測定領域の電位分布を非接触の高感度検出器で一つのみ測定する工程と、  Measuring only one potential distribution in the measurement region with a non-contact high sensitivity detector;
前記測定した電位の位置情報と検出信号の測定データをデータ記録手段に記憶させる工程と、  Storing the position information of the measured potential and the measurement data of the detection signal in a data recording means;
前記データ記憶手段に記録された測定データからデータ処理手段により導電率分布を求める工程と、からなる電気導電率推定方法。  An electrical conductivity estimation method comprising: obtaining a conductivity distribution by data processing means from measurement data recorded in the data storage means.
JP2001234095A 2000-08-07 2001-08-01 Method and apparatus for estimating electrical conductivity Expired - Fee Related JP3785064B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2001234095A JP3785064B2 (en) 2000-08-07 2001-08-01 Method and apparatus for estimating electrical conductivity

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000-239036 2000-08-07
JP2000239036 2000-08-07
JP2001234095A JP3785064B2 (en) 2000-08-07 2001-08-01 Method and apparatus for estimating electrical conductivity

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2002156362A JP2002156362A (en) 2002-05-31
JP3785064B2 true JP3785064B2 (en) 2006-06-14

Family

ID=26597510

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2001234095A Expired - Fee Related JP3785064B2 (en) 2000-08-07 2001-08-01 Method and apparatus for estimating electrical conductivity

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3785064B2 (en)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2002156362A (en) 2002-05-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN111615355B (en) Channel integrity detection and reconstruction of electrophysiological signals
CN101517436A (en) Device and method for magnetic induction tomography
CN103926276B (en) A kind of online oil liquid abrasive grain monitoring device and detection method
Kourunen et al. Suitability of a PXI platform for an electrical impedance tomography system
Marashdeh et al. Electrical capacitance tomography
CN110990757B (en) A method for solving highly nonlinear electromagnetic inverse scattering problems using phase-free data
JP2002532723A (en) Method and apparatus for determining electromagnetic field characteristics within a volume
Soleimani et al. Dynamic imaging in electrical capacitance tomography and electromagnetic induction tomography using a Kalman filter
CN102187252A (en) Method and system for magnetic induction tomography
US20060239328A1 (en) Thermal properties measurement apparatus
Kluth et al. Model uncertainty in magnetic particle imaging: Nonlinear problem formulation and model-based sparse reconstruction
Cui et al. Planar electrical capacitance tomography dynamic imaging for non-destructive test
JP4286664B2 (en) Dielectric constant or conductivity estimation device
JP4460808B2 (en) Current density vector estimation device and electrical conductivity estimation device
US11543443B2 (en) Impedance measuring apparatus
Henn et al. Improving model-based MPI image reconstructions: Baseline recovery, receive coil sensitivity, relaxation and uncertainty estimation
JP3785064B2 (en) Method and apparatus for estimating electrical conductivity
CN114373024B (en) A method for EMT image reconstruction based on sequential Monte Carlo principle
JP2003222664A (en) Device for estimating current density vector and device for estimating electric conductivity
US10775346B2 (en) Virtual channels for eddy current array probes
WO2017008172A1 (en) A method and device for determining the wear of a carbon ceramic brake disc in a vehicle by impedance measurements
JP5441292B2 (en) Dielectric constant or conductivity estimation device
JP7769405B2 (en) Inspection device and inspection method
CN117664383A (en) Temperature measurement method and device based on synchronous detection
Suppan et al. A Kalman filter approach for the application of electrical capacitance tomography in dynamic processes using a state reduction

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
RD01 Notification of change of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7421

Effective date: 20040427

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821

Effective date: 20040428

A711 Notification of change in applicant

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A712

Effective date: 20040611

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20050802

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20050930

A02 Decision of refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02

Effective date: 20051206

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20060206

A911 Transfer of reconsideration by examiner before appeal (zenchi)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A911

Effective date: 20060216

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20060314

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20060316

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

Ref document number: 3785064

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100324

Year of fee payment: 4

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110324

Year of fee payment: 5

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

S111 Request for change of ownership or part of ownership

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313117

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110324

Year of fee payment: 5

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120324

Year of fee payment: 6

R360 Written notification for declining of transfer of rights

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R360

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120324

Year of fee payment: 6

R370 Written measure of declining of transfer procedure

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R370

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120324

Year of fee payment: 6

S111 Request for change of ownership or part of ownership

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313117

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120324

Year of fee payment: 6

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120324

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130324

Year of fee payment: 7

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140324

Year of fee payment: 8

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees