JP3788005B2 - Variable capacity compressor - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to variable displacement compression capable of changing the discharge capacity, and is effective when applied to a refrigeration cycle for a so-called hybrid vehicle that travels with an engine (internal combustion engine) and an electric motor. .
The hybrid vehicle referred to in this specification includes not only a hybrid vehicle that travels by switching between an engine and an electric motor, but also a hybrid vehicle that uses only an electric motor and does not use the engine for traveling, and that only travels with an electric motor. Is included.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the invention described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-50693, in a rolling piston compressor, the rolling piston is rotated in one direction (forward rotation) to maximize the discharge capacity, while the rolling piston is The variable displacement compressor is configured such that the discharge capacity is minimized by rotating (reversing) in another direction.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the variable capacity compressor described in the above publication, during forward rotation, fluid flows from the suction port and discharges from the discharge port, whereas during reverse rotation, fluid flows from the discharge port and flows from the suction port. Since the liquid is discharged, the direction of fluid flow is opposite between forward rotation and reverse rotation.
[0004]
For this reason, when the variable capacity type compressor described in the above publication is applied to the refrigeration cycle, the discharge capacity cannot be changed when only the cooling operation or the air conditioning operation of only the heating operation is performed.
Also, if any one of the air-conditioning operations is performed, it is necessary to provide a switching valve such as a four-way valve outside to change the discharge capacity, which increases the number of components in the refrigeration cycle. Leading to an increase in the manufacturing cost of the refrigeration cycle.
[0005]
In view of the above points, an object of the present invention is to provide a variable displacement compressor in which the direction of fluid flow does not change regardless of the direction of rotation of the compressor.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention uses the following technical means. In the first to fourth aspects of the present invention, the suction port (130) communicates with the working chamber (V) whose volume increases when the shaft (120) rotates forward, and the shaft (120). ) Is reversed, it is formed only at a position communicating with the working chamber (V) in a state where the volume is reduced.
The first discharge port (151) communicates with the working chamber (V) whose volume is reduced when the shaft (120) rotates forward.
The second discharge port (152) is characterized in that it communicates with the working chamber (V) whose volume increases when the shaft (120) rotates forward.
[0007]
Thereby, the discharge capacity when the shaft (120) rotates forward coincides with the volume when the volume of the working chamber (V) becomes maximum, and the fluid is discharged from the first discharge port (151). Become.
On the other hand, when the shaft (120) reverses, the fluid is sucked and discharged from the second discharge port (152) when the volume of the working chamber (V) is reduced. Accordingly, the discharge capacity when the shaft (120) rotates in the reverse direction can be made smaller than the discharge capacity when the shaft (120) rotates in the forward direction, and the fluid flows regardless of the direction of rotation of the shaft (120). The direction of can be made constant.
[0008]
Note that forward rotation refers to rotation in one of the rotation directions of the shaft (120), and reverse rotation refers to rotation in the opposite direction to normal rotation.
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the communication ports (141, 142) that open to the working chamber (V) in a state where the volume increases when the shaft (120) rotates are formed, and the communication ports (141) 142) from the communication port (141, 142) to the suction port (130) side is provided with a check valve (144) in the passage (143) from the suction port (130) side to the suction port (130) side. It is characterized by.
[0009]
As a result, when the volume of the working chamber (V) increases, the inside of the working chamber (V) can be prevented from becoming a negative pressure, thereby preventing the variable displacement compressor from performing unnecessary work. it can.
In the invention described in claim 5, when rotated forward shaft (120), with the driving force from the engine to rotate the shaft (120), when the reversing shaft (120), from the electric motor (510) The shaft (120) is rotated by obtaining a driving force.
[0010]
Thereby, since the driving force (torque) at the time of driving a shaft (120) with an electric motor (510) can be made small, the enlargement of an electric motor (510) can be prevented.
In addition, the code | symbol in the bracket | parenthesis of each said means shows a corresponding relationship with the specific means of embodiment description later mentioned.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(First embodiment)
In this embodiment, a variable capacity compressor (hereinafter abbreviated as a compressor) 100 according to the present invention is applied to a refrigeration cycle for a hybrid vehicle, and FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the refrigeration cycle.
[0012]
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 200 denotes a condenser (heat radiator) that condenses the refrigerant (fluid) discharged from the compressor 100, 300 denotes a decompressor that decompresses the refrigerant flowing out of the condenser 200, and 400 denotes the decompressor 300. It is the evaporator which evaporates the liquid-phase refrigerant decompressed in (3).
Next, the compressor 100 will be described.
[0013]
FIG. 2 is an axial sectional view of the compressor 100. In FIG. 2, 110 is an aluminum housing. The housing 110 includes a front housing 111, a middle housing 112, a cylinder housing 113, and a rear housing 114. These housings 111 to 114 are fixed by bolts (not shown).
[0014]
Reference numeral 120 denotes a shaft that rotates by obtaining a driving force from an engine (not shown) for driving the vehicle. A pulley (a driving force from the engine is transmitted to one end side of the shaft 120 (the front housing 111 side)). A spline 121 to which an electromagnetic clutch (not shown) and an electromagnetic clutch (not shown) are attached is formed.
Further, a rotor 123 formed integrally with the shaft 120 is disposed in a space 122 formed by the middle housing 112, the cylinder housing 113, and the rear housing 114. As shown in FIG. In addition, plate-like vanes 124 a and 124 b (hereinafter, both vanes 124 a and 124 b are collectively referred to as vanes 124) inserted into the rotor 123 so as to be slidable (can be projected and retracted) in the radial direction of the rotor 123. The end portion of the space 122 (cylinder housing 113) is disposed in contact with the inner wall 113a.
[0015]
Note that the diameter of the rotor 123 is smaller than the diameter of the space 122, and a part of the rotor 123 is in contact with the inner wall 113a of the cylinder housing 113. Therefore, the space 122 includes a portion partitioned by the vane 124. Are divided into five working chambers V1 to V5. For this reason, when the rotor 123 (shaft 120) rotates, the working chambers V1 to V5 move in the direction of rotation of the rotor 123 while enlarging or reducing the volume thereof.
[0016]
Specifically, when the rotor 123 rotates in one direction shown in FIG. 3 (hereinafter, the state rotating in this direction is referred to as normal rotation), the working chamber V1 operates while expanding its volume. It moves to the position of the chamber V2 and the position of the working chamber V3.
Thereafter, the working chamber V1 is, while reducing its volume, the position of the working chamber V4, moves to the position of the working chamber V5.
[0017]
Conversely, the rotor 123 is rotated another orientation shown in FIG. 4 (hereinafter, referred to as a reverse state to rotate the orientation.) Sometimes, actuation chamber V5 is while expanding its volume, the position of the working chamber V4 Then, it moves to the position of the working chamber V3. Thereafter, the working chamber V5 is while reducing its volume, the position of the working chamber V2, moves to the position of the working chamber V1.
[0018]
Further, the middle housing 112 has an intake port 130 for supplying the refrigerant sucked into the working chambers V1 to V5 (hereinafter collectively referred to as working chamber V) to the working chamber V. The suction port 130 is formed so as to communicate with the working chamber V (in this embodiment, the position of the working chamber V2) whose volume increases when the rotor 123 (shaft 120) rotates forward. . The suction port 130 communicates with a suction chamber 131 (see FIG. 2) formed in the front housing 111, and the suction chamber 131 is connected to the outlet side of the evaporator 400.
[0019]
In addition to the suction port 130, the middle housing 112 is formed with first and second communication ports 141 and 142 that communicate with the suction port 130, and the first communication port 141 causes the rotor 123 to rotate forward. The second communication port 142 opens to communicate with the working chamber V (the position of the working chamber V1 in this embodiment) in a state where the volume is sometimes increased, and the volume is increased when the rotor 123 is reversed. It opens so that it may communicate with the working chamber V (the position of the working chamber V5 in this embodiment) in a state where it continues.
[0020]
A check valve 144 is provided in the passage 143 from the communication ports 141 and 142 to the suction port 130 side to prevent the refrigerant from flowing back from the communication ports 141 and 142 to the suction port 130 side.
The cylinder housing 113 has a discharge chamber 150 connected to the inlet side of the condenser 200, and first and second discharge ports 151 for communicating the discharge chamber 150 and the space 122 (working chamber V). , 152 are formed. The first discharge port 151 opens so as to communicate with the working chamber (the position of the working chamber V5 in this embodiment) whose volume is reduced when the rotor 123 (shaft 120) rotates forward. The second discharge port 152 opens so as to communicate with the working chamber (in this embodiment, the position of the working chamber V1) whose volume increases when the rotor 123 (shaft 120) rotates forward.
[0021]
Incidentally, reference numeral 153 denotes a discharge valve that prevents the refrigerant from flowing backward from the discharge chamber 150 to the working chamber V via both discharge ports 151 and 152. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 120a denotes a bearing that rotatably supports the shaft 120.
Next, the operation and characteristics of the compressor 100 according to the present embodiment will be described.
1. When rotating the rotor 123 forward (maximum capacity operation)
When the rotor 123 rotates in the forward direction, as shown in FIG. 3, the operation chamber V1 while sucked refrigerant from the suction port 130 to expand its volume, moves to the position of the working chamber V3. Therefore, the maximum suction amount is the volume of the working chamber V3 where the volume is maximum.
[0022]
After that, the working chamber V1 compresses the refrigerant while reducing the volume, and discharges the refrigerant from the first discharge port 151 when the working chamber V1 reaches the position of the working chamber V5.
When the working chamber V1 moves to the position of the working chamber V2, the volume of the working chamber V1 is increased. However, since the refrigerant is supplied from the first communication port 141, the working chamber V1 has a negative pressure. Can be prevented. Therefore, the compressor 100 can be prevented from performing unnecessary work.
[0023]
2. When rotating the rotor 123 in reverse (minimum capacity operation)
When the rotor 123 is reversed, as shown in FIG. 4, the working chamber V5 expands its volume and moves to the position of the working chamber V3 while sucking the refrigerant from the second communication port 142. Therefore, as in the case of normal rotation, the working chamber V5 can be prevented from becoming negative pressure when the volume of the working chamber V5 increases, so that the compressor 100 is prevented from performing unnecessary work. it can.
[0024]
Thereafter, the volume of the working chamber V is reduced, but since the working chamber V communicates with the suction port 130, the position of the working chamber V1 is returned while returning the refrigerant to the suction chamber 131 side without compressing the refrigerant. continue to move into, refrigerant is discharged from the second discharge port 152 in the operating chamber V1. Therefore, the amount of refrigerant sucked into the working chamber V1 finally becomes the volume of the working chamber V1, and the minimum capacity operation is performed.
[0025]
As described above, according to the compressor 100 according to the present embodiment, the compressor 100 can be provided by simple means such as newly providing the second discharge port 152 without providing a switching valve such as a four-way valve outside. Regardless of the direction of rotation of (shaft 120), it is possible to prevent the direction of refrigerant flow from changing. As a result, an increase in the manufacturing cost of the refrigeration cycle can be prevented.
[0026]
In the present embodiment, the second communication port 142 is provided only at the position of the working chamber V5. However, the number and size of the second communication ports 142 are not limited to this, and the capacity of the compressor 100 is not limited thereto. It is selected as appropriate.
(Second Embodiment)
In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the compressor 100 and the electric motor 510 are integrated (hereinafter, this integrated unit is referred to as a compression device 500).
[0027]
The compressor 500 rotates the shaft 120 by the engine to operate the compressor 100 during normal rotation (during maximum capacity operation), and operates the compressor 100 during reverse rotation (during minimum capacity operation). Rotate the shaft 120 to operate the compressor 100.
By the way, if the driving force (torque) obtained from the electric motor 510 is made equal to the driving force (torque) obtained from the engine, the electric motor 510 is increased in size.
[0028]
In contrast, as in the present embodiment, when the compressor 100 is operated by the electric motor 510, the driving force required by the electric motor 510 can be reduced by rotating the compressor 100 in the reverse direction to the minimum capacity operation state. Therefore, the electric motor 510 can be prevented from being enlarged.
In order to obtain a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that during maximum capacity operation (when the compressor 100 is operated by the engine) during minimum capacity operation, the rotational speed of the electric motor 510 may be increased.
[0029]
By the way, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the rotor 123 and the vane 124 divide the space 122 into a plurality of working chambers V, and configure a movable member that expands and contracts the volume of these working chambers V in conjunction with the rotation of the shaft 120. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and as shown in FIG. 6, instead of the rotor 123 and the vane 124, the movable member is configured by a rolling piston 160 that rotates integrally with the shaft 120 in the space 122. A rolling piston type compressor may be used.
[0030]
Further, the variable displacement compressor according to the present invention is not limited to application to a hybrid vehicle, and can also be applied to a vehicle (so-called eco-run vehicle) that stops an engine when the vehicle is stopped.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a refrigeration cycle.
FIG. 2 is an axial cross-sectional view of the variable capacity compressor according to the first embodiment.
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
FIG. 5 is an axial sectional view of the variable displacement compressor according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a variable capacity compressor according to a modification of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
123 ... Rotor, 124 ... Vane, 130 ... Suction port,
141 ... 1st communication port, 142 ... 2nd communication port,
151 ... 1st discharge port, 152 ... 2nd discharge port.

Claims (5)

A housing (110);
A shaft (120) rotatably disposed within the housing (110);
It is movable in a space (122) formed in the housing (110), and the space (122) is partitioned into a plurality of working chambers (V), and the volumes of the working chambers (V) are divided into the shafts. A movable member (123, 124, 160) that expands and contracts in conjunction with the rotation of (120),
The housing (110) has a suction port (130) for supplying fluid sucked into the working chamber (V) to the working chamber (V), and fluid compressed in the working chamber (V) is actuated. First and second discharge ports (151 and 152) for discharging outside the chamber (V) and a discharge chamber (150) communicating with both the discharge ports (151 and 152) are formed,
The suction port (130) communicates with the working chamber (V) whose volume increases when the shaft (120) rotates forward, and when the shaft (120) rotates reversely. Formed only at a position communicating with the working chamber (V) in a state where the volume is reduced,
The first discharge port (151) communicates with the working chamber (V) in a state where the volume is reduced when the shaft (120) is rotated forward.
The variable discharge type wherein the second discharge port (152) communicates with the working chamber (V) in a state in which the volume increases when the shaft (120) rotates forward. Compressor. The housing (110) opens to the working chamber (V) in a state where the volume increases when the shaft (120) rotates, and communicates with the suction port (130) side. Ports (141, 142) are formed,
The passage (143) from the communication port (141, 142) to the suction port (130) side prevents fluid from flowing backward from the communication port (141, 142) to the suction port (130) side. The variable displacement compressor according to claim 1, further comprising a check valve (144). The movable member includes a rotor (123) that rotates integrally with the shaft (120) in the space (122), and a vane (124) that protrudes and protrudes from the rotor (123). The variable capacity compressor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the above. The variable capacity according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the movable member includes a rolling piston (160) that rotates integrally with the shaft (120) in the space (122). Mold compressor. The variable capacity compressor according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is applied to a compressor for a vehicle refrigeration cycle,
When the shaft (120) is rotated forward, the shaft (120) is rotated by obtaining a driving force from the engine,
When the shaft (120) is reversely rotated, a driving force is obtained from the electric motor (510) to rotate the shaft (120).

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