JP3788678B2 - Soy milk fermented food - Google Patents
Soy milk fermented food Download PDFInfo
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- JP3788678B2 JP3788678B2 JP34272197A JP34272197A JP3788678B2 JP 3788678 B2 JP3788678 B2 JP 3788678B2 JP 34272197 A JP34272197 A JP 34272197A JP 34272197 A JP34272197 A JP 34272197A JP 3788678 B2 JP3788678 B2 JP 3788678B2
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- soymilk
- diglyceride
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は豆乳発酵食品に関し、更に詳しくは青臭みや収斂味がほぼ完全に除去され、風味が改善された豆乳発酵食品に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
加工食品のなかには、優れた栄養成分を豊富に含みながら、原料に由来する好ましくない風味のために、商品価値の低いものがある。このためかかる好ましくない風味を改善する研究がなされており、例えば乳製品等の有する苦みを酸性リン脂質を用いて抑制する技術等が知られている。
【0003】
ところで豆乳は良質な大豆蛋白質を豊富に含むものであり、これを乳酸菌等を用いて発酵した豆乳発酵食品は優れた健康食品として期待されているが、かかる食品の原料である大豆特有の青臭み、収斂味、苦み等が非常に強いため、製品の風味がよくないという問題がある。このためかかる青臭みや収斂味、苦み等を除去して豆乳発酵食品の風味を良くする研究がなされており、例えば豆乳を乳酸発酵する際に、中性プロテアーゼまたは中性域に至適活性を有するカルボキシペプチターゼ、ロイシンアミノペプチターゼ等からなる群より選ばれる酵素を作用させることにより、苦みを低減させる方法(特開平7−147898号公報)等が知られている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記技術ではある程度苦みを低減することはできるものの、青臭みや収斂味の低減にはほとんど効果がなく、さらに優れた風味を有する豆乳発酵食品の開発が求められていた。
【0005】
したがって本発明は、青臭みや収斂味をほぼ完全に除去した、風味の改善された豆乳発酵食品を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは上記目的を達成すべく鋭意研究した結果、ジグリセライドを特定量含有させれば、大豆由来の青臭みや収斂味の除去に著しい効果があることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。
【0007】
すなわち本発明は、構成脂肪酸の炭素数が8〜24であるジグリセライドを0.1〜10重量%及び酸性リン脂質を0.001〜5重量%含有する豆乳発酵食品であって、酸性リン脂質が、ホスファチジン酸、ホスファチジルイノシトール、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジルグリセロール、及びこれらのモノアシル体からなる群より選ばれる1種または2種以上であり、かつ酸性リン脂質の含有量(重量%)/(酸性リン脂質の含有量(重量%)+中性リン脂質の含有量(重量%))が0.5以上である豆乳発酵食品を提供するものである。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に用いるジグリセライドは、天然、合成のいずれであってもよいが、その構成脂肪酸が、炭素数が8〜24のものであることが好ましい。構成脂肪酸は飽和でも不飽和でもよい。具体的には例えば、カプリル酸、カプリン酸、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、アラキン酸、ベヘン酸、オレイン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸等が挙げられる。本発明に用いるジグリセライドは、例えば上記から選ばれた1種または2種以上の脂肪酸と、グリセリンとを、リパーゼの存在下で酵素的に、あるいはアルカリ金属及び/またはアルカリ土類金属の水酸化物の存在下で、エステル化反応をすることにより得ることができる。あるいはミリスチン酸ジグリセライド、ステアリン酸ジグリセライド、オレイン酸ジグリセライド、リノール酸ジグリセライド等のジグリセライド混合物や、天然起源の油脂、例えばサフラワー油、ナタネ油、コーン油、大豆油、綿実油、オリーブ油、パーム油等の植物油、ラード、牛脂、魚油、バター等の動物脂、あるいはそれらの硬化油、分別油、ランダムエステル交換油等からなる群より選ばれる1種または2種以上と、グリセリンとを、アルカリ金属及び/またはアルカリ土類金属の水酸化物の存在下で化学的にエステル交換して得られるジグリセライド混合物で、ジグリセライド濃度が好ましくは40重量%以上、特に好ましくは60重量%以上のものが挙げられる。
【0009】
かかるジグリセライドの含有量は、0.1〜10重量%、好ましくは0.3〜3重量%である。含有量が0.1〜10重量%であれば、青臭みや収斂味除去の効果が十分に発揮されるとともに、ジグリセライド自体の有する風味が豆乳に悪影響を及ぼすことがない。なおここでジグリセライドの含有量とは、ジグリセライドとして添加するもの及び他の原料に含まれるジグリセライドの合計をいう。
【0010】
上記ジグリセライドは、酸性リン脂質と併用することにより、豆乳発酵食品の青臭みや収斂味等を効果的に除去することができる。酸性リン脂質としては、ホスファチジン酸、ホスファチジルイノシトール、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジルグリセロール、またはこれらのモノアシル体であることが好ましく、これらの1種または2種以上を用いることができる。
【0011】
かかる酸性リン脂質の含有量は、0.001〜5重量%、特に0.005〜1重量%であることが好ましい。含有量が0.001〜5重量%であれば、青臭みや収斂味除去の効果が十分に発揮されるとともに、酸性リン脂質自体の有する風味が豆乳発酵食品に悪影響を及ぼすことがない。なおここで酸性リン脂質の含有量とは、酸性リン脂質として添加するもの及び他の原料に含まれる酸性リン脂質の合計をいう。
【0012】
かかる酸性リン脂質は例えば次のような方法で得ることができる。すなわち例えばレシチンを所定の温度に昇温し、例えばエタノールを溶剤として沈殿を生ぜしめ、得られた沈殿を回収、洗浄する。上記操作を複数回繰り返し、沈殿を脱溶剤することにより、酸性リン脂質を得ることができる。あるいはレシチンを所定の温度に昇温し、例えばエタノールを溶剤として沈殿を生ぜしめ、得られた沈殿を回収、洗浄する。次に緩衝液、溶剤、塩類等を添加した後酵素分解を行い、溶剤相を単離、留去することにより、酸性リン脂質を得ることができる。またこれら酸性リン脂質のモノアシル体は、例えば特開昭63−42691号公報に記載の方法により得ることができる。
【0013】
本発明においては、酸性リン脂質の含有量(重量%)/(酸性リン脂質の含有量(重量%)+中性リン脂質の含有量(重量%))が0.5以上、特に0.6以上であることが豆乳の風味改善の点で好ましい。ここで中性リン脂質の含有量とは、上記で得られた酸性リン脂質に不純物として含まれる中性リン脂質、及び酸性リン脂質添加前の、大豆から抽出した大豆抽出物中の中性リン脂質の合計をいう。
【0014】
なお本発明の豆乳には、本発明の効果を害さない範囲で、酸化防止剤、色素、香料、乳化剤、安定剤、消泡剤等を添加することができる。
【0015】
本発明の豆乳発酵食品としては例えば、豆乳にストレプトコッカス属(Streptococcus )、ラクトコッカス属(Lactococcus )等の乳酸菌等を添加して発酵したヨーグルト様、チーズ様のものがあるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
【0016】
本発明の豆乳発酵食品の製造方法に特に制限はないが、例えば以下の方法により製造することができる。原料となる大豆は、どのような種類のものであってもよい。まず大豆を湿熱加熱する。すなわち例えば大豆を水に添加し、所定温度で所定時間加熱して大豆抽出物を得る。これを適宜冷却し、次いで上記のジグリセライド及び必要に応じて酸性リン脂質を添加し、さらに適宜撹拌、殺菌、冷却することにより、豆乳を得る。あるいは大豆の湿熱加熱中に上記ジグリセライド等を添加してもよい。次いで豆乳を添加する菌の至適生育温度に調整し、菌を添加し、その温度で所定時間発酵させることにより、カード状(ヨーグルト様)の豆乳発酵食品を製造することができる。あるいはかかるカード状の豆乳発酵食品を均質化することにより、液状の豆乳発酵食品とすることもできる。
【0017】
本発明の豆乳発酵食品は、そのまま喫食してもよいし、これを加工食品の原料として用いてもよい。
【0018】
【実施例】
次に実施例を示して本発明を更に詳細に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。なお、以下の実施例1(本発明品1)は、特許請求の範囲外の参考例である。
【0019】
実施例1
市販の無調整豆乳(K社製)に、ナタネ油由来脂肪酸(平均炭素数18)とグリセリンから酵素反応で得られたモノグリセライド2%、ジグリセライド80%及びトリグリセライド18%の混合物をジグリセライドとして1重量%添加し、乳化機にかけて均質化した。得られた豆乳に市販のヨーグルト(Y社製)を発酵スターターとして3.33%添加して40℃にて8時間発酵し、発酵後5℃に冷却した(本発明品1)。
【0020】
比較例1
市販の無調整豆乳(K社製)を乳化機にかけて均質化した後、市販のヨーグルト(Y社製)を発酵スターターとして3.33%添加して40℃にて8時間発酵した。発酵後5℃に冷却した(比較品1)。
【0021】
実施例2
市販の無調整豆乳(K社製)に、実施例1の混合物をジグリセライドとして1重量%及びホスファチジルコリン(PC)5%、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン(PE)20%、ホスファチジン酸(PA)23%及びホスファチジルイノシトール(PI)40%(残部は糖脂質等)からなるリン脂質(花王リン脂質BMI60、花王(株)製)を酸性リン脂質として0.01%添加し、乳化機にかけて均質化した。得られた豆乳に、市販のヨーグルトを発酵スターターとして3.33%添加して40℃にて8時間発酵した。発酵後5℃に冷却した(本発明品2)。
【0022】
実施例3
剥皮大豆2.6kgを煮沸している1%重炭酸ソーダ水溶液20l中に投入して2〜6分間加熱した。得られた3.5kgの加熱処理大豆に90℃以上に加熱された0.1%重炭酸ソーダ水溶液を注ぎながら磨砕して、最終液量を使用大豆の8倍量の約20kgとした。この大豆粉砕液を80℃に加熱して全固形分10.0%、pH8.4の豆乳12kgを得た。この豆乳をさらにpH6.8〜7.0に調整した。かかる豆乳に、実施例1の混合物の代りに大豆油由来脂肪酸(平均炭素数18)とグリセリンから酵素反応で得られたモノグリセライド0.5%、ジグリセライド75%及びトリグリセライド24.5%の混合物をジグリセライドとして1重量%添加した以外は、実施例2と同様にして発酵し、冷却した(本発明品3)。
【0023】
比較例2
実施例3で得られた、pH6.8〜7.0に調製された豆乳を比較例1と同様にして発酵、冷却した(比較品2)。
【0024】
実施例4
丸大豆を水洗し、3倍量の水に一晩浸漬した。浸漬後、水を切り同量の水を加え破砕した。その後さらに加水し、粉砕液が乾燥大豆の10倍になるようにした。次いで5分間蒸煮した後おからを濾過し、豆乳を得た。この豆乳を実施例2と同様に発酵、冷却した(本発明品4)。
【0025】
比較例3
実施例4で得られた豆乳を比較例1と同様にして発酵、冷却した(比較品3)。
【0026】
試験例1
上記で得られた各豆乳発酵食品(本発明品1〜4及び比較品1〜3)について青臭み、収斂味及びその総合評価を以下の評価基準で評価した。結果を表1に示す。
【0027】
【表1】
【0028】
表1より、本発明品1〜4は比較品1〜3よりすべての項目で優れていることが確認された。
【0029】
【発明の効果】
本発明の豆乳発酵食品は、青臭みや収斂味をほぼ完全に除去したものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fermented soymilk food, and more particularly to a fermented soymilk food in which the blue odor and astringent taste are almost completely removed and the flavor is improved.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Some processed foods have low commercial value due to the unfavorable flavor derived from the raw material, while containing abundant excellent nutritional components. For this reason, research for improving such an unfavorable flavor has been made, and for example, a technique for suppressing the bitterness of dairy products and the like using acidic phospholipids is known.
[0003]
By the way, soy milk contains abundant high-quality soy protein, and soy milk fermented food fermented with lactic acid bacteria etc. is expected as an excellent health food, but the blue odor peculiar to soybean which is the raw material of such food There is a problem that the flavor of the product is not good because the astringency, bitterness, etc. are very strong. For this reason, studies have been made to improve the flavor of soymilk fermented food by removing such blue odor, astringent taste, bitterness, etc., for example, when lactic fermentation of soymilk, it has optimal activity in neutral protease or neutral range A method of reducing bitterness by causing an enzyme selected from the group consisting of carboxypeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase and the like to act (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-147898) is known.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, although the above technique can reduce bitterness to some extent, it has little effect on the reduction of blue odor and astringency, and development of a fermented soymilk food having an excellent flavor has been demanded.
[0005]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a fermented soymilk food product having an improved flavor, from which blue odor and astringent taste are almost completely removed.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventors have found that if a specific amount of diglyceride is contained, it is found that there is a remarkable effect in removing blue odor derived from soybeans and astringent taste, and the present invention has been completed.
[0007]
That is, the present invention is a soymilk fermented food containing 0.1 to 10% by weight of diglyceride having 8 to 24 carbon atoms in the constituent fatty acid and 0.001 to 5% by weight of acidic phospholipid, , Phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, and one or more selected from the group consisting of these monoacyls, and the content (% by weight) of acidic phospholipid The present invention provides a fermented soymilk food having a content (% by weight) + a neutral phospholipid content (% by weight) of 0.5 or more .
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The diglyceride used in the present invention may be either natural or synthetic, but the constituent fatty acid preferably has 8 to 24 carbon atoms. The constituent fatty acids may be saturated or unsaturated. Specific examples include caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and the like. The diglyceride used in the present invention is, for example, one or two or more fatty acids selected from the above and glycerin enzymatically in the presence of lipase or alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal hydroxide. Can be obtained by an esterification reaction in the presence of. Or a mixture of diglycerides such as myristic acid diglyceride, stearic acid diglyceride, oleic acid diglyceride, linoleic acid diglyceride, and other natural oils such as safflower oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, palm oil and other vegetable oils One or more selected from the group consisting of animal fats such as lard, beef tallow, fish oil, butter or the like, or hardened oil, fractionated oil, random transesterified oil, etc., and glycerin, an alkali metal and / or A diglyceride mixture obtained by chemical transesterification in the presence of an alkaline earth metal hydroxide and having a diglyceride concentration of preferably 40% by weight or more, particularly preferably 60% by weight or more.
[0009]
The content of such diglyceride is 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.3 to 3% by weight. When the content is 0.1 to 10% by weight, the effect of removing blue odor and astringent taste is sufficiently exerted, and the flavor of diglyceride itself does not adversely affect soy milk. In addition, content of diglyceride means the sum total of the diglyceride contained in what is added as a diglyceride, and another raw material here.
[0010]
The diglyceride can effectively remove the blue odor and astringent taste of fermented soymilk foods when used in combination with acidic phospholipids. The acidic phospholipid is preferably phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, or a monoacyl thereof, and one or more of these can be used.
[0011]
The content of the acidic phospholipid is preferably 0.001 to 5% by weight, particularly 0.005 to 1% by weight. When the content is 0.001 to 5% by weight, the effect of removing the blue odor and the astringent taste is sufficiently exhibited, and the flavor of the acidic phospholipid itself does not adversely affect the soymilk fermented food. In addition, content of acidic phospholipid here means the total of acidic phospholipid contained in what is added as acidic phospholipid, and another raw material.
[0012]
Such acidic phospholipid can be obtained, for example, by the following method. That is, for example, lecithin is heated to a predetermined temperature, ethanol is used as a solvent to form a precipitate, and the obtained precipitate is recovered and washed. An acidic phospholipid can be obtained by repeating the above operation a plurality of times to remove the solvent from the precipitate. Alternatively, lecithin is heated to a predetermined temperature, for example, ethanol is used as a solvent to form a precipitate, and the resulting precipitate is collected and washed. Next, an acid phospholipid can be obtained by adding a buffer solution, a solvent, salts and the like, followed by enzymatic decomposition, and isolating and distilling off the solvent phase. Further, monoacyl isomers of these acidic phospholipids can be obtained, for example, by the method described in JP-A-63-42691.
[0013]
In the present invention, the content of acidic phospholipid (% by weight) / (content of acidic phospholipid (% by weight) + content of neutral phospholipid (% by weight)) is 0.5 or more, particularly 0.6. The above is preferable in terms of improving the flavor of soy milk. Here, the content of neutral phospholipid refers to neutral phospholipid contained as an impurity in the acidic phospholipid obtained above, and neutral phospholipid in soybean extract extracted from soybean before addition of acidic phospholipid. Refers to the total lipid.
[0014]
In addition, antioxidant, a pigment | dye, a fragrance | flavor, an emulsifier, a stabilizer, an antifoamer, etc. can be added to the soymilk of this invention in the range which does not impair the effect of this invention.
[0015]
Examples of the soymilk fermented food of the present invention include yogurt-like and cheese-like foods that are fermented by adding lactic acid bacteria such as Streptococcus and Lactococcus to soymilk. It is not a thing.
[0016]
Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the manufacturing method of the soymilk fermented food of this invention, For example, it can manufacture with the following method. Any kind of soybeans may be used as a raw material. First, heat soybeans with heat and heat. That is, for example, soybean is added to water and heated at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time to obtain a soybean extract. This is appropriately cooled, then the above-mentioned diglyceride and acidic phospholipid as necessary are added, and further stirred, sterilized and cooled appropriately to obtain soy milk. Or you may add the said diglyceride etc. during wet heat heating of soybean. Subsequently, the curd-like (yogurt-like) soymilk fermented food can be produced by adjusting the optimal growth temperature of the fungus to which soymilk is added, adding the fungus, and fermenting at that temperature for a predetermined time. Or it can also be set as liquid soymilk fermented food by homogenizing this card-like fermented soymilk food.
[0017]
The soymilk fermented food of the present invention may be eaten as it is or may be used as a raw material for processed foods.
[0018]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example is shown and this invention is demonstrated further in detail, this invention is not limited to a following example. In addition, the following Example 1 (this invention product 1) is a reference example outside a claim.
[0019]
Example 1
1% by weight of a mixture of 2% monoglyceride, 80% diglyceride and 18% triglyceride obtained by enzymatic reaction from rapeseed oil-derived fatty acid (average carbon number 18) and glycerin to commercially available unadjusted soymilk (manufactured by K company) It was added and homogenized with an emulsifier. Commercial yogurt (manufactured by Y) was added to the obtained soymilk as a fermentation starter, 3.33%, fermented at 40 ° C. for 8 hours, and cooled to 5 ° C. after fermentation (Product 1 of the present invention).
[0020]
Comparative Example 1
After commercially available non-adjusted soymilk (manufactured by K company) was homogenized using an emulsifier, 3.33% of commercially available yoghurt (manufactured by Y company) was added as a fermentation starter and fermented at 40 ° C. for 8 hours. After fermentation, it was cooled to 5 ° C. (Comparative product 1).
[0021]
Example 2
1% by weight of the mixture of Example 1 as diglyceride, 5% phosphatidylcholine (PC), 20% phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), 23% phosphatidic acid (PA) and phosphatidylinositol Phospholipid (Kao phospholipid BMI60, manufactured by Kao Corporation) composed of 40% (PI) (the remainder is glycolipid or the like) was added as an acidic phospholipid in an amount of 0.01% and homogenized with an emulsifier. To the obtained soymilk, 3.33% of a commercially available yogurt was added as a fermentation starter and fermented at 40 ° C. for 8 hours. It cooled to 5 degreeC after fermentation (this invention product 2).
[0022]
Example 3
2.6 kg of peeled soybeans were put into 20 l of a boiling 1% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution and heated for 2 to 6 minutes. The resulting 3.5 kg heat-treated soybean was ground while pouring a 0.1% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution heated to 90 ° C. or higher, so that the final liquid amount was about 20 kg, which is 8 times the amount of soybean used. This soybean grind was heated to 80 ° C. to obtain 12 kg of soy milk having a total solid content of 10.0% and a pH of 8.4. The soy milk was further adjusted to pH 6.8 to 7.0. To this soymilk, instead of the mixture of Example 1, a mixture of monoglyceride 0.5%, diglyceride 75% and triglyceride 24.5% obtained by enzymatic reaction from soybean oil-derived fatty acid (average carbon number 18) and glycerin is diglyceride. As in Example 2 except that 1% by weight was added and cooled (invention product 3).
[0023]
Comparative Example 2
The soymilk prepared in Example 3 and adjusted to pH 6.8 to 7.0 was fermented and cooled in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 (Comparative Product 2).
[0024]
Example 4
Whole soybeans were washed with water and immersed in 3 times the amount of water overnight. After immersion, the water was cut off and the same amount of water was added and crushed. Thereafter, the mixture was further added with water so that the pulverized liquid became 10 times that of dried soybeans. Next, after cooking for 5 minutes, the okara was filtered to obtain soy milk. This soy milk was fermented and cooled in the same manner as in Example 2 (Product 4 of the present invention).
[0025]
Comparative Example 3
The soy milk obtained in Example 4 was fermented and cooled in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 (Comparative Product 3).
[0026]
Test example 1
About each soymilk fermented food obtained above (this invention products 1-4 and comparative products 1-3), blue odor, astringent taste, and its comprehensive evaluation were evaluated with the following evaluation criteria. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0027]
[Table 1]
[0028]
From Table 1, it was confirmed that the inventive products 1 to 4 are superior to the comparative products 1 to 3 in all items.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
The soymilk fermented food of the present invention is obtained by almost completely removing the blue odor and the astringent taste.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP34272197A JP3788678B2 (en) | 1997-12-12 | 1997-12-12 | Soy milk fermented food |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP34272197A JP3788678B2 (en) | 1997-12-12 | 1997-12-12 | Soy milk fermented food |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11169119A JPH11169119A (en) | 1999-06-29 |
| JP3788678B2 true JP3788678B2 (en) | 2006-06-21 |
Family
ID=18355984
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP34272197A Expired - Fee Related JP3788678B2 (en) | 1997-12-12 | 1997-12-12 | Soy milk fermented food |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3788678B2 (en) |
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1997
- 1997-12-12 JP JP34272197A patent/JP3788678B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH11169119A (en) | 1999-06-29 |
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