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JP3789677B2 - Fuel cell reformer - Google Patents
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JP3789677B2 - Fuel cell reformer - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP3789677B2
JP3789677B2 JP09316199A JP9316199A JP3789677B2 JP 3789677 B2 JP3789677 B2 JP 3789677B2 JP 09316199 A JP09316199 A JP 09316199A JP 9316199 A JP9316199 A JP 9316199A JP 3789677 B2 JP3789677 B2 JP 3789677B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
combustion gas
water vapor
catalyst layer
chamber
reformer
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JP09316199A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2000281312A (en
Inventor
丈俊 黄木
彰雄 河上
収 田島
昭 藤生
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、燃焼器で加熱された触媒下で燃料及び水蒸気を水蒸気改質反応させて水素を生成する燃料電池用改質装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般に、炭化水素系燃料から水素を生成して、この水素と空気中の酸素を用いて発電を行う燃料電池発電システムが知られており、この燃料電池発電システムでは炭化水素系燃料を水素に変換するために改質装置(燃料電池用改質装置)が用いられる。
【0003】
図4において、符号100は従来の燃料電池システムの改質装置を示し、この改質装置100は改質器本体101とこの改質器本体101に水蒸気を供給する別体の水蒸気発生機102とを備える。
【0004】
改質器本体101は円筒体111を備え、この円筒体111の端部にはバーナ112が内蔵され、また円筒体111には送風機113が設けられる。バーナ112には燃焼用燃料ガス管116と燃料電池未反応ガス管117とが接続され、それぞれを通じて燃焼用燃料ガスと燃料電池未反応ガスとがバーナ112に供給される。
【0005】
また、円筒体111には多重仕切壁を有する熱交換円筒体114が取り付けられ、この熱交換円筒体114は4重筒壁構造になっており、内側から第1の筒壁121、第2の筒壁122、第3の筒壁123、第4の筒壁124を備え、第2の筒壁122と第3の筒壁123の間には改質触媒が充填されて触媒層131が形成される。また、熱交換円筒体114には、燃焼排ガス管125、改質ガス管126、混合ガス管127が接続される。混合ガス管127は途中で燃料ガス管128と水蒸気管129とに分岐され、水蒸気管129には前記水蒸気発生機102に接続される。符号130は水蒸気発生機102に水を供給する水管を示す。
【0006】
バーナ112で燃焼が行われている時には、この燃焼によって発生した燃焼ガスが点線矢印方向に移動する。すなわち、燃焼ガスは円筒体111の内部、円筒体111と第1の筒壁121の間、第3の筒壁123と第4の筒壁124の間、燃焼排ガス管125の内部を移動して燃焼ガスは外部に導かれる。
【0007】
また、水蒸気発生機102には水管130を通じて水が供給され、この水は水蒸気発生機102で水蒸気に変換され、この水蒸気は水蒸気管129に供給され、この水蒸気管129の水蒸気と燃料ガス管128からの燃料ガスとが合流して混合ガスとなる。燃料ガスと水蒸気との混合ガスは、混合ガス管127を通じて改質装置100に供給され、この改質装置100では、混合ガスは第1の筒壁121と第2の筒壁122の間を通り、ここで混合ガスは燃焼ガスによって予熱される。そして、この予熱された混合ガスは、触媒層131を通るときには適切な反応温度(例えば600〜700℃)にまで昇温されて水蒸気改質され、水素と一酸化炭素を含む改質ガスに転換される。その後、改質ガスは、改質ガス管126を通じて例えば一酸化炭素を二酸化炭素に変成する一酸化炭素変成装置(図示せず)に送られる。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、前述の改質装置100では、改質器本体101に水蒸気を供給するために、改質器本体101とは別体の水蒸気発生機102が設けられているので、改質装置100が大型化するという問題がある。
【0009】
そこで、本発明の目的は、上述した従来の技術が有する課題を解消し、小型化が可能な燃料電池用改質装置を提供することにある。
【0012】
請求項記載の発明は、改質触媒が充填された触媒層を有する筒体と、この筒体内に燃焼ガスを供給する燃焼器とを備え、この燃焼器からの燃焼ガスにより前記触媒層を昇温し、この昇温した触媒層に燃料と水蒸気を導いて水素を生成する燃料電池用改質装置において、前記筒体の燃焼ガス供給部の近くに当該燃焼ガスの熱により水を加熱して水蒸気を生成する水蒸気生成室を設け、この水蒸気生成室に前記筒体の燃焼ガス排出部側から前記触媒層を貫通して延びる導入管を通じて前記燃料と水との混合物を導いて、この水蒸気生成室から燃料と水蒸気との混合物を導出し、この水蒸気と燃料との混合物を前記触媒層に導いて水素を生成する構成としたことを特徴とするものである。
【0013】
この発明によれば、筒体内に燃焼ガスの熱により水を加熱して水蒸気を生成する水蒸気生成室を設けたので、燃料電池用改質装置の小型化が可能となる。また、導入管が触媒層を貫通するので、導入管内の燃焼ガスと水が予熱されて熱交換率が向上する。
【0014】
請求項記載の発明は、請求項記載の発明において、前記筒体の燃焼ガス排出部に熱交換室を形成し、前記導入管は、この熱交換室を通して、前記触媒層を貫通させることを特徴とするものである。
【0015】
この発明によれば、導入管が燃焼ガス排出部の熱交換室に通されるので、導入管内の燃料ガス及び水が予熱されて燃焼ガスと燃料ガス及び水との熱交換率が向上する。
【0016】
請求項記載の発明は、請求項又は記載の発明において、前記筒体内に上部隔壁と下部隔壁とで仕切られた室を形成し、この室に前記触媒層及び前記水蒸気生成室を設け、上部隔壁と触媒層と下部隔壁とを貫通して延びる複数のチューブを設け、前記燃焼ガス供給部に供給される燃焼ガスを、複数のチューブを通して、前記燃焼ガス排出部に導くことを特徴とするものである。
【0017】
この発明によれば、触媒層を貫通する複数のチューブに燃焼ガスが通されるので、燃焼ガスと触媒層との熱交換率が向上し、外部に排出される熱損失を減少させることができる。
【0018】
請求項記載の発明は、請求項1〜のいずれか1項記載の発明において、前記水蒸気生成室内に複数の金属粒を設けたことを特徴とするものである。
【0019】
この発明によれば、水蒸気生成室内に設けられた複数の金属粒によって当該金属粒と水との接触面積が大きくなり、また金属粒は熱伝導率が高いので、水を速やかに昇温して気化させることができる。
【0020】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の一実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
【0021】
図1において、符号Sは燃料電池発電システムを示し、この燃料電池発電システムSでは、天然ガス、都市ガス、ナフサ等の燃料ガスから水素が生成され、この生成された水素と空気中の酸素とを化学反応させて発電が行われる。この燃料電池発電システムSは、燃料ガスが供給される配管91に接続された脱硫装置1と、この脱硫装置1に配管92を介して接続された改質装置(燃料電池用改質装置)2と、この改質装置2に配管93を介して接続された一酸化炭素変成装置3と、この一酸化炭素変成装置3に配管94を介して接続された一酸化炭素除去装置4と、この一酸化炭素除去装置4に配管95を介して接続された固体高分子型の燃料電池本体5と、この燃料電池本体5に行き水管96a及び戻り水管96bを介して接続された水タンク6とを備える。前記燃料電池本体5は、燃料極(アノード)5a、空気極(カソード)5b、冷却部5cを備える。
【0022】
運転が開始されると、燃料ガスが配管91を通じて脱硫装置1に送られ、この脱硫装置1で燃料ガスから硫黄成分が除去される。この脱硫された燃料ガスには配管92で水が混入されて改質装置2に送られ、改質装置2では、燃料ガスに混入された水が気化されて水蒸気が生成され、この水蒸気と燃料ガスとから水蒸気改質反応により水素と一酸化炭素を含む改質ガスが生成される。この生成された改質ガスは配管93を通じて一酸化炭素変成装置3に送られ、一酸化炭素変成装置3では改質ガス中に含まれる一酸化炭素が水蒸気改質されて二酸化炭素に変成され、改質ガスの一酸化炭素濃度は1%程度に低減される。この改質ガスには空気が混入され、配管94を通じて一酸化炭素除去装置4に送られる。一酸化炭素除去装置4では空気が混合された改質ガスに含まれる一酸化炭素が選択酸化反応により二酸化炭素に転換され、この改質ガスの一酸化炭素濃度は10ppm程度に低減される。この改質ガスは配管95を通じて燃料電池本体5の燃料極5aに送られ、燃料電池本体5では燃料極5aに導入された改質ガス中の水素と空気極5bに導入された空気中の酸素との間で電気化学反応が行われて発電される。この燃料電池本体5における反応は発熱反応であるため、水タンク6の水が往き水管96aを通じて冷却部5cに送られて燃料電池本体5を冷却し、この冷却によって昇温した水は戻り水管96bを介して水タンク6に戻る。
【0023】
図2において、符号20は前述した改質装置2の改質器本体を示し、この改質器本体20は円筒体21を備え、この円筒体21の下端部にはバーナ22が内蔵される。このバーナ22には燃焼用燃料ガスを当該バーナ22に導く燃焼用燃料ガス管23と前記燃料電池本体5の燃料極5aで使用されなかった水素を含む改質ガス(燃料電池未反応ガス)を導く未反応ガス管24とが接続される。
【0024】
また、円筒体21の下部には燃焼室30aを有する燃焼ガス供給部30が形成されると共に円筒体21の上部には熱交換室31aを有する燃焼ガス排出部31が形成され、燃焼室30aと熱交換室31aの間には一対の下部隔壁32a及び上部隔壁32bで仕切られた円筒形状の反応室(室)33が形成される。この反応室33には下部隔壁32aから上部隔壁32bに向けて延びる複数のチューブ34が設けられ、各チューブ34の内部空間は燃焼室30a及び熱交換室31aに連通している。また、反応室33のチューブ外側空間は、複数の孔を有する一対の下部多孔仕切板(例えばパンチングメタル)35a及び上部多孔仕切板35bで仕切られ、下部多孔仕切板35aから上方に延びる導入管36aが下部多孔仕切板35a及び前記上部隔壁32bを貫通している。導入管36a及び複数のチューブ34は、図3に示すように、円筒体21内にほぼ等間隔で並置される。また、下部多孔仕切板35a及び上部多孔仕切板35bの間には改質触媒が充填されて触媒層37が形成される。上部多孔仕切板35bと上部隔壁32bとの間にはガス合流室38が形成され、このガス合流室38は触媒層37に該下部多孔仕切板35bの孔を介して連通する。下部多孔仕切板35aと下部隔壁32aとの間には複数のステンレス粒(金属粒)41が収納された水蒸気生成室42が形成され、この水蒸気生成室42は触媒層37に下部多孔仕切板35aの孔を介して連通すると共に前記導入管36内に連通している。
【0025】
導入管36は燃焼ガス排出部31内に形成された熱交換室31aまで延びており、この熱交換室31a内の導入管36bは円筒体21の内面に沿って螺旋状に巻回されている。この導入管36bは、熱交換室31aから円筒体21を貫通して改質器本体21外部の前記配管92(図1)に接続されている。
【0026】
燃料電池発電システムSの運転時には、燃焼用燃料ガスが燃焼用燃料ガス管23を通じてバーナ22に供給されてバーナ22で燃焼が行われる。この燃焼ガスは、点線矢印方向に移動する。
【0027】
すなわち、燃焼ガスは、燃焼ガス供給部30の燃焼室30aを通って反応室33のチューブ34内部に導かれ、水蒸気生成室42、この水蒸気生成室42内の複数のステンレス粒41、触媒層37、ガス合流室38等を加熱した後、燃焼ガス排出部31内の熱交換室31aに導かれ、螺旋状の導入管36bを加熱して改質器本体20の外部に導かれる。
【0028】
一方、燃料ガスと水の混合物が配管92を通じて改質器本体20に導入されて、実線矢印方向に移動する。
【0029】
すなわち、燃料ガスと水の混合物は、螺旋状の導入管36b内に導かれ、この螺旋状の導入管36bで燃焼室31aを流れる燃焼ガスによって予熱され、反応室33の導入管36a内で燃焼ガスによって加熱された触媒層37から更に予熱される。この予熱された混合物は水蒸気生成室42に導かれ、燃焼ガスによって加熱された水蒸気生成室42の内壁やこの水蒸気生成室42に収納されたステンレス粒41により昇温して混合物に含まれる水が気化されて水蒸気が発生し、この発生した水蒸気と燃料ガスとの混合ガスは燃焼ガスによって加熱(600〜700℃)された触媒層37に導入される。この触媒層37の触媒下で水蒸気改質反応が行われ、水素と一酸化炭素とを含む改質ガスに転換される。尚、触媒層37に導入される混合ガスは十分に予熱されているので、吸熱反応である水蒸気改質反応が活発に行われる触媒層37の混合ガス入口部37aの温度低下が防止され、触媒層37における水蒸気改質効率の低下を防止できる。そして、改質ガスはガス合流室38を介して配管93に導かれ、この配管93を通じて前記一酸化炭素変成装置3(図1)に送られる。
【0030】
本実施形態によれば、筒体21内に燃焼ガスの熱により水を加熱して水蒸気を生成する水蒸気生成室42が設けられるので、改質装置2の小型化が可能となる。また、導入管36aが触媒層37を貫通するので、導入管36a内の燃焼ガスと水が高温の触媒層37により予熱されて燃焼ガスと燃料ガス及び水との熱交換率を向上させることができる。また、螺旋状に形成された導入管36bが燃焼ガス排出部31の熱交換室31a内に通されるので、導入管36b内の燃料ガス及び水が予熱されて燃焼ガスと燃料ガス及び水の熱交換率が向上し、外部に排出される熱損失を減少させることができる。また、触媒層37を貫通する複数のチューブ34に燃焼ガスが通されるので、燃焼ガスと触媒層37との熱交換率が向上し、外部に排出される熱損失を減少させることができる。また、水蒸気生成室42内に設けられた複数のステンレス粒41によって当該ステンレス粒41と水との接触面積が大きくなると共にステンレス粒41は熱伝導率が高いので、水を速やかに昇温して気化させることができる。
【0031】
以上、実施形態に基づいて本発明を説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されるものでないことは明らかである。本実施形態では、水蒸気生成室42内に複数のステンレス粒41が収納されるが、水蒸気生成室42に例えば別の金属製の突起群を設けてもよい。
【0033】
【発明の効果】
請求項記載の発明によれば、筒体内に燃焼ガスの熱により水を加熱して水蒸気を生成する水蒸気生成室を設けたので、燃料電池用改質装置の小型化が可能となる。また、導入管が触媒層を貫通するので、導入管内の燃焼ガスと水が高温の触媒層により予熱されて燃焼ガスと燃料ガス及び水との熱交換率が向上する。
【0034】
請求項記載の発明によれば、導入管が燃焼ガス排出部の熱交換室に通されるので、導入管内の燃料ガス及び水が予熱されて燃焼ガスと燃料ガス及び水の熱交換率が向上する。
【0035】
請求項記載の発明によれば、触媒層を貫通する複数のチューブに燃焼ガスが通されるので、燃焼ガスと触媒層との熱交換率が向上し、外部に排出される熱損失を減少させることができる。
【0036】
請求項記載の発明によれば、水蒸気生成室内に設けられた複数の金属粒によって当該金属粒と水との接触面積が大きくなり、また金属粒は熱伝導率が高いので、水を速やかに昇温して気化させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】燃料電池発電システムを示すブロック図である。
【図2】本実施形態による改質装置を示す断面図である。
【図3】図2のA−A断面図である。
【図4】従来の改質装置を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
S 燃料電池発電システム
2 改質装置(燃料電池用改質装置)
20 改質器本体
21 円筒体(筒体)
22 バーナ(燃焼器)
30 燃焼ガス供給部
30a 燃焼室
31 燃焼ガス排出部
31a 熱交換室
32a 下部隔壁
32b 上部隔壁
34 チューブ
37 触媒層
42 水蒸気生成室
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a reformer for a fuel cell that generates hydrogen by subjecting fuel and steam to a steam reforming reaction under a catalyst heated by a combustor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, a fuel cell power generation system that generates hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuel and generates power using this hydrogen and oxygen in the air is known. This fuel cell power generation system converts hydrocarbon fuel to hydrogen. In order to achieve this, a reformer (a reformer for a fuel cell) is used.
[0003]
In FIG. 4, reference numeral 100 denotes a reformer of a conventional fuel cell system. The reformer 100 includes a reformer body 101 and a separate steam generator 102 that supplies steam to the reformer body 101. Is provided.
[0004]
The reformer body 101 includes a cylindrical body 111, a burner 112 is built in an end portion of the cylindrical body 111, and a blower 113 is provided in the cylindrical body 111. The combustion fuel gas pipe 116 and the fuel cell unreacted gas pipe 117 are connected to the burner 112, and the combustion fuel gas and the fuel cell unreacted gas are supplied to the burner 112 through each.
[0005]
In addition, a heat exchange cylinder 114 having multiple partition walls is attached to the cylinder 111, and this heat exchange cylinder 114 has a quadruple cylinder wall structure. A cylindrical wall 122, a third cylindrical wall 123, and a fourth cylindrical wall 124 are provided, and a reforming catalyst is filled between the second cylindrical wall 122 and the third cylindrical wall 123 to form a catalyst layer 131. The Further, the combustion exhaust gas pipe 125, the reformed gas pipe 126, and the mixed gas pipe 127 are connected to the heat exchange cylindrical body 114. The mixed gas pipe 127 is branched into a fuel gas pipe 128 and a steam pipe 129 on the way, and the steam pipe 129 is connected to the steam generator 102. Reference numeral 130 denotes a water pipe for supplying water to the steam generator 102.
[0006]
When combustion is being performed by the burner 112, the combustion gas generated by this combustion moves in the direction of the dotted arrow. That is, the combustion gas moves in the combustion exhaust pipe 125 inside the cylindrical body 111, between the cylindrical body 111 and the first cylindrical wall 121, between the third cylindrical wall 123 and the fourth cylindrical wall 124. Combustion gas is led outside.
[0007]
Further, water is supplied to the water vapor generator 102 through the water pipe 130, and this water is converted into water vapor by the water vapor generator 102, and this water vapor is supplied to the water vapor pipe 129, the water vapor in the water vapor pipe 129 and the fuel gas pipe 128. The fuel gas from the coalesce into a mixed gas. A mixed gas of fuel gas and water vapor is supplied to the reformer 100 through the mixed gas pipe 127, and in this reformer 100, the mixed gas passes between the first cylindrical wall 121 and the second cylindrical wall 122. Here, the mixed gas is preheated by the combustion gas. When the preheated mixed gas passes through the catalyst layer 131, it is heated to an appropriate reaction temperature (for example, 600 to 700 ° C.), subjected to steam reforming, and converted to a reformed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Is done. Thereafter, the reformed gas is sent through a reformed gas pipe 126 to, for example, a carbon monoxide converter (not shown) that converts carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-described reformer 100, the steam generator 102 is provided separately from the reformer body 101 in order to supply steam to the reformer body 101. Therefore, the reformer 100 has a large size. There is a problem of becoming.
[0009]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a reformer for a fuel cell that can solve the above-described problems of the prior art and can be miniaturized.
[0012]
The invention described in claim 1 includes a cylinder having a catalyst layer filled with a reforming catalyst, and a combustor for supplying combustion gas into the cylinder, and the catalyst layer is formed by the combustion gas from the combustor. In a fuel cell reforming apparatus that raises the temperature and introduces fuel and water vapor to the heated catalyst layer to generate hydrogen, water is heated by the heat of the combustion gas in the vicinity of the combustion gas supply part of the cylinder. A water vapor generating chamber for generating water vapor is introduced into the water vapor generating chamber through the introduction pipe extending through the catalyst layer from the combustion gas discharge portion side of the cylindrical body, A fuel and water vapor mixture is derived from the generation chamber, and the water vapor and fuel mixture is led to the catalyst layer to generate hydrogen.
[0013]
According to this invention, since the water vapor generating chamber for generating water vapor by heating water with the heat of the combustion gas is provided in the cylinder, the fuel cell reforming apparatus can be miniaturized. Further, since the introduction pipe penetrates the catalyst layer, the combustion gas and water in the introduction pipe are preheated, and the heat exchange rate is improved.
[0014]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, a heat exchange chamber is formed in the combustion gas discharge portion of the cylindrical body, and the introduction pipe penetrates the catalyst layer through the heat exchange chamber. It is characterized by.
[0015]
According to this invention, since the introduction pipe is passed through the heat exchange chamber of the combustion gas discharge section, the fuel gas and water in the introduction pipe are preheated, and the heat exchange rate between the combustion gas, the fuel gas and water is improved.
[0016]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect of the present invention, a chamber partitioned by an upper partition wall and a lower partition wall is formed in the cylinder, and the catalyst layer and the water vapor generation chamber are provided in the chamber. A plurality of tubes extending through the upper partition wall, the catalyst layer, and the lower partition wall, wherein the combustion gas supplied to the combustion gas supply unit is guided to the combustion gas discharge unit through the plurality of tubes. To do.
[0017]
According to this invention, since the combustion gas is passed through the plurality of tubes that penetrate the catalyst layer, the heat exchange rate between the combustion gas and the catalyst layer is improved, and the heat loss discharged to the outside can be reduced. .
[0018]
The invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that, in the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , a plurality of metal particles are provided in the water vapor generating chamber.
[0019]
According to the present invention, the contact area between the metal particles and the water is increased by the plurality of metal particles provided in the steam generation chamber, and the metal particles have high thermal conductivity. It can be vaporized.
[0020]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0021]
In FIG. 1, symbol S indicates a fuel cell power generation system. In this fuel cell power generation system S, hydrogen is generated from fuel gas such as natural gas, city gas, naphtha, etc., and the generated hydrogen and oxygen in the air Power is generated by chemical reaction. This fuel cell power generation system S includes a desulfurization device 1 connected to a pipe 91 to which fuel gas is supplied, and a reformer (fuel cell reformer) 2 connected to the desulfurization device 1 via a pipe 92. A carbon monoxide shifter 3 connected to the reformer 2 via a pipe 93; a carbon monoxide remover 4 connected to the carbon monoxide shifter 3 via a pipe 94; A solid polymer type fuel cell main body 5 connected to the carbon oxide removing device 4 via a pipe 95, and a water tank 6 connected to the fuel cell main body 5 via a going water pipe 96a and a return water pipe 96b. . The fuel cell body 5 includes a fuel electrode (anode) 5a, an air electrode (cathode) 5b, and a cooling unit 5c.
[0022]
When the operation is started, the fuel gas is sent to the desulfurization device 1 through the pipe 91, and the sulfur component is removed from the fuel gas by the desulfurization device 1. The desulfurized fuel gas is mixed with water through a pipe 92 and sent to the reformer 2. In the reformer 2, water mixed in the fuel gas is vaporized to generate water vapor. A reformed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide is generated from the gas by a steam reforming reaction. The generated reformed gas is sent to the carbon monoxide shifter 3 through the pipe 93. In the carbon monoxide shifter 3, the carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas is steam-reformed and converted to carbon dioxide, The carbon monoxide concentration of the reformed gas is reduced to about 1%. This reformed gas is mixed with air and sent to the carbon monoxide removal device 4 through the pipe 94. In the carbon monoxide removing device 4, carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas mixed with air is converted into carbon dioxide by a selective oxidation reaction, and the carbon monoxide concentration of the reformed gas is reduced to about 10 ppm. This reformed gas is sent to the fuel electrode 5a of the fuel cell body 5 through the pipe 95. In the fuel cell body 5, hydrogen in the reformed gas introduced into the fuel electrode 5a and oxygen in the air introduced into the air electrode 5b. An electrochemical reaction takes place between them and electricity is generated. Since the reaction in the fuel cell main body 5 is an exothermic reaction, the water in the water tank 6 is sent to the cooling unit 5c through the forward water pipe 96a to cool the fuel cell main body 5, and the water heated by this cooling is returned to the return water pipe 96b. To return to the water tank 6.
[0023]
In FIG. 2, reference numeral 20 denotes the reformer body of the reformer 2 described above. The reformer body 20 includes a cylindrical body 21, and a burner 22 is built in the lower end portion of the cylindrical body 21. The burner 22 is supplied with a reformed gas (fuel cell unreacted gas) containing hydrogen that has not been used in the fuel electrode 5a of the fuel cell body 5 and the fuel electrode 5a of the fuel cell body 5 for guiding the combustion fuel gas to the burner 22. The leading unreacted gas pipe 24 is connected.
[0024]
In addition, a combustion gas supply unit 30 having a combustion chamber 30a is formed in the lower part of the cylindrical body 21, and a combustion gas discharge unit 31 having a heat exchange chamber 31a is formed in the upper part of the cylindrical body 21, and the combustion chamber 30a and A cylindrical reaction chamber (chamber) 33 partitioned by a pair of lower partition 32a and upper partition 32b is formed between the heat exchange chambers 31a. The reaction chamber 33 is provided with a plurality of tubes 34 extending from the lower partition wall 32a toward the upper partition wall 32b, and the internal space of each tube 34 communicates with the combustion chamber 30a and the heat exchange chamber 31a. The space outside the tube of the reaction chamber 33 is partitioned by a pair of lower porous partition plates (for example, punching metal) 35a and an upper porous partition plate 35b having a plurality of holes, and an introduction pipe 36a extending upward from the lower porous partition plate 35a. Passes through the lower porous partition plate 35a and the upper partition wall 32b. As shown in FIG. 3, the introduction pipe 36 a and the plurality of tubes 34 are juxtaposed in the cylindrical body 21 at substantially equal intervals. Further, a reforming catalyst is filled between the lower porous partition plate 35a and the upper porous partition plate 35b to form a catalyst layer 37. A gas merging chamber 38 is formed between the upper porous partition plate 35b and the upper partition wall 32b, and the gas merging chamber 38 communicates with the catalyst layer 37 through the holes of the lower porous partition plate 35b. Between the lower porous partition plate 35a and the lower partition wall 32a, a water vapor generating chamber 42 in which a plurality of stainless particles (metal particles) 41 are stored is formed. The water vapor generating chamber 42 is formed in the catalyst layer 37 on the lower porous partition plate 35a. And communicates with the inside of the introduction pipe 36.
[0025]
The introduction pipe 36 extends to a heat exchange chamber 31 a formed in the combustion gas discharge portion 31, and the introduction pipe 36 b in the heat exchange chamber 31 a is spirally wound along the inner surface of the cylindrical body 21. . The introduction pipe 36b penetrates the cylindrical body 21 from the heat exchange chamber 31a and is connected to the pipe 92 (FIG. 1) outside the reformer body 21.
[0026]
During operation of the fuel cell power generation system S, combustion fuel gas is supplied to the burner 22 through the combustion fuel gas pipe 23 and combustion is performed in the burner 22. This combustion gas moves in the direction of the dotted arrow.
[0027]
That is, the combustion gas is guided to the inside of the tube 34 of the reaction chamber 33 through the combustion chamber 30a of the combustion gas supply unit 30, and the steam generation chamber 42, the plurality of stainless particles 41 in the steam generation chamber 42, and the catalyst layer 37. After heating the gas merging chamber 38 and the like, the gas is introduced into the heat exchange chamber 31a in the combustion gas discharge unit 31, and the helical introduction pipe 36b is heated and led out of the reformer body 20.
[0028]
On the other hand, the mixture of fuel gas and water is introduced into the reformer body 20 through the pipe 92 and moves in the direction of the solid line arrow.
[0029]
That is, the mixture of fuel gas and water is introduced into the spiral introduction pipe 36b, preheated by the combustion gas flowing through the combustion chamber 31a through the spiral introduction pipe 36b, and combusted in the introduction pipe 36a of the reaction chamber 33. Further preheating is performed from the catalyst layer 37 heated by the gas. The preheated mixture is guided to the steam generation chamber 42, and the water contained in the mixture is heated by the inner wall of the steam generation chamber 42 heated by the combustion gas and the stainless particles 41 stored in the steam generation chamber 42. Vaporized to generate water vapor, and the mixed gas of the generated water vapor and fuel gas is introduced into the catalyst layer 37 heated (600 to 700 ° C.) by the combustion gas. A steam reforming reaction is performed under the catalyst of the catalyst layer 37, and converted to a reformed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. In addition, since the mixed gas introduced into the catalyst layer 37 is sufficiently preheated, the temperature reduction of the mixed gas inlet portion 37a of the catalyst layer 37 where the steam reforming reaction which is an endothermic reaction is actively performed is prevented, and the catalyst A decrease in steam reforming efficiency in the layer 37 can be prevented. The reformed gas is guided to the pipe 93 through the gas junction chamber 38 and is sent to the carbon monoxide shifter 3 (FIG. 1) through the pipe 93.
[0030]
According to this embodiment, since the water vapor generation chamber 42 that generates water vapor by heating water with the heat of the combustion gas is provided in the cylindrical body 21, the reformer 2 can be downsized. Further, since the introduction pipe 36a penetrates the catalyst layer 37, the combustion gas and water in the introduction pipe 36a are preheated by the high-temperature catalyst layer 37 to improve the heat exchange rate between the combustion gas, the fuel gas, and water. it can. Further, since the introduction pipe 36b formed in a spiral shape is passed through the heat exchange chamber 31a of the combustion gas discharge section 31, the fuel gas and water in the introduction pipe 36b are preheated and the combustion gas, fuel gas, and water are preheated. A heat exchange rate improves and the heat loss discharged | emitted outside can be reduced. Further, since the combustion gas is passed through the plurality of tubes 34 penetrating the catalyst layer 37, the heat exchange rate between the combustion gas and the catalyst layer 37 is improved, and the heat loss discharged to the outside can be reduced. Further, the contact area between the stainless steel particles 41 and water is increased by the plurality of stainless steel particles 41 provided in the water vapor generation chamber 42, and the stainless steel particles 41 have high thermal conductivity. It can be vaporized.
[0031]
As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated based on embodiment, it is clear that this invention is not limited to this. In the present embodiment, a plurality of stainless steel particles 41 are accommodated in the water vapor generation chamber 42, but another metal protrusion group may be provided in the water vapor generation chamber 42.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the water vapor generation chamber for generating water vapor by heating water with the heat of the combustion gas is provided in the cylinder, the fuel cell reforming apparatus can be downsized. In addition, since the introduction pipe penetrates the catalyst layer, the combustion gas and water in the introduction pipe are preheated by the high-temperature catalyst layer, and the heat exchange rate between the combustion gas, the fuel gas, and water is improved.
[0034]
According to the invention described in claim 2 , since the introduction pipe is passed through the heat exchange chamber of the combustion gas discharge section, the fuel gas and water in the introduction pipe are preheated, and the heat exchange rate of the combustion gas, fuel gas and water is increased. improves.
[0035]
According to the invention of claim 3 , since the combustion gas is passed through the plurality of tubes that penetrate the catalyst layer, the heat exchange rate between the combustion gas and the catalyst layer is improved, and the heat loss discharged to the outside is reduced. Can be made.
[0036]
According to the invention described in claim 4 , the contact area between the metal particles and the water is increased by the plurality of metal particles provided in the water vapor generation chamber, and the metal particles have high thermal conductivity. It can be vaporized by raising the temperature.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a fuel cell power generation system.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a reformer according to the present embodiment.
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional reformer.
[Explanation of symbols]
S Fuel cell power generation system 2 reformer (reformer for fuel cell)
20 Reformer body 21 Cylindrical body (tubular body)
22 Burner (combustor)
30 Combustion gas supply unit 30a Combustion chamber 31 Combustion gas discharge unit 31a Heat exchange chamber 32a Lower partition wall 32b Upper partition wall 34 Tube 37 Catalyst layer 42 Water vapor generation chamber

Claims (4)

改質触媒が充填された触媒層を有する筒体と、この筒体内に燃焼ガスを供給する燃焼器とを備え、この燃焼器からの燃焼ガスにより前記触媒層を昇温し、この昇温した触媒層に燃料と水蒸気を導いて水素を生成する燃料電池用改質装置において、前記筒体の燃焼ガス供給部の近くに当該燃焼ガスの熱により水を加熱して水蒸気を生成する水蒸気生成室を設け、この水蒸気生成室に前記筒体の燃焼ガス排出部側から前記触媒層を貫通して延びる導入管を通じて前記燃料と水との混合物を導いて、この水蒸気生成室から燃料と水蒸気との混合物を導出し、この水蒸気と燃料との混合物を前記触媒層に導いて水素を生成する構成としたことを特徴とする燃料電池用改質装置。  A cylinder having a catalyst layer filled with a reforming catalyst, and a combustor for supplying combustion gas into the cylinder, and the temperature of the catalyst layer is increased by the combustion gas from the combustor. In a reformer for a fuel cell that introduces fuel and water vapor to a catalyst layer to produce hydrogen, a water vapor production chamber for producing water vapor by heating water with the heat of the combustion gas near the combustion gas supply part of the cylinder A mixture of the fuel and water is introduced into the water vapor generation chamber through an introduction pipe extending through the catalyst layer from the combustion gas discharge side of the cylinder, and the fuel and water vapor are supplied from the water vapor generation chamber. A reformer for a fuel cell, characterized in that a mixture is derived and the mixture of water vapor and fuel is led to the catalyst layer to generate hydrogen. 前記筒体の燃焼ガス排出部に熱交換室を形成し、前記導入管は、この熱交換室を通して、前記触媒層を貫通させることを特徴とする請求項記載の燃料電池用改質装置。The heat exchange chamber is formed in the combustion gas discharge portion of the cylindrical body, the inlet tube, the through heat exchange chamber, reformer of claim 1, wherein the pass through the catalyst layer. 前記筒体内に上部隔壁と下部隔壁とで仕切られた室を形成し、この室に前記触媒層及び前記水蒸気生成室を設け、上部隔壁と触媒層と下部隔壁とを貫通して延びる複数のチューブを設け、前記燃焼ガス供給部に供給される燃焼ガスを、複数のチューブを通して、前記燃焼ガス排出部に導くことを特徴とする請求項又は記載の燃料電池用改質装置。A plurality of tubes extending through the upper partition, the catalyst layer, and the lower partition are formed in the cylinder by forming a chamber partitioned by the upper partition and the lower partition, and providing the catalyst layer and the water vapor generation chamber in the chamber. the provided the combustion gas supplied to the combustion gas supply unit through a plurality of tubes, reformer of claim 1 or 2, wherein the leading to the combustion gas outlet portion. 前記水蒸気生成室内に複数の金属粒を設けたことを特徴とする請求項1〜のいずれか1項記載の燃料電池用改質装置。The reformer for a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein a plurality of metal particles are provided in the water vapor generating chamber.
JP09316199A 1999-03-31 1999-03-31 Fuel cell reformer Expired - Fee Related JP3789677B2 (en)

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US7527661B2 (en) 2005-04-18 2009-05-05 Intelligent Energy, Inc. Compact devices for generating pure hydrogen
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KR101422630B1 (en) * 2011-12-30 2014-07-23 두산중공업 주식회사 Heat exchange type prereformer
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