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JP3794866B2 - Polyolefin polymer composition for powder molding - Google Patents
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JP3794866B2 - Polyolefin polymer composition for powder molding - Google Patents

Polyolefin polymer composition for powder molding Download PDF

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JP3794866B2
JP3794866B2 JP15044199A JP15044199A JP3794866B2 JP 3794866 B2 JP3794866 B2 JP 3794866B2 JP 15044199 A JP15044199 A JP 15044199A JP 15044199 A JP15044199 A JP 15044199A JP 3794866 B2 JP3794866 B2 JP 3794866B2
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polymer
powder
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copolymer
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JP2000336219A (en
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学 荻原
光朗 酒谷
智 岩淵
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ゼオン化成株式会社
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、粉体成形用のポリオレフィン重合体組成物に関する。詳しくは、粉体流動性に優れ、フォギングの起きにくい粉体成形用ポリオレフィン重合体組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
インストルメントパネル、ヘッドレストなど自動車内装品の表層材として、塩化ビニル重合体(以下、PVCと記す。)組成物の粉体成形用材料が主に使用されている。
しかし、これらの自動車内装品は、例えば表層はPVC、内側の発泡層は発泡ポリウレタン、芯材はポリオレフィンと複数の素材から構成されているので、近年、リサイクル使用の観点から、分別しやすいように内外層材の統合が望まれるようになった。そのため、表層についてはこれまでPVCが性能面、コスト面においてバランスの取れた優れた材料であったが、分別の都合上、ポリオレフィン系重合体への変更が提案されている(特開平5−1183号公報、特開平5−279484号公報)。また、発泡層もポリオレフィン系重合体の使用が検討され始めた。しかし、前記提案による表層へのポリオレフィン系重合体の使用には、粉体流動性や耐熱性が不充分なため、成形品にピンホールが発生するなどの問題があった。
一般に、表層のための粉体成形用の材料は、粉体流動性の良い、優れた粉体特性を有することが良好な成形品を得る上で重要である。粉体流動性が悪化すると、成形品の肉厚が不均一になるばかりでなく、ピンホールが発生するなど、成形不良の発生率が高くなる。こういった不具合を解消する為、これまで、粉体成形用ポリオレフィン系重合体組成物には、主として無機系の微粉末がコロの役割を果たす目的で添加されていた。しかし、無機系の微粉末は少量で粉体成型用組成物の粉体特性を大幅に改善するものの、成型品の物性の低下を招き、また材料重合体そのものの溶融性を大幅に低下させるため、成形品の厚みムラやピンホールなどの不具合を誘発する問題があった。加えて、無機系の微粉末は少量しか使用できないために、粉体成形用組成物を夏期に高温の倉庫で長期貯蔵すると、重合体粉末が融着を起こし、粉体流動性が低下する問題もあった。これらの問題を改善するため、特開平6−106553号公報ではエチレン・α−オレフィン系共重合体及びポリオレフィン系重合体の部分架橋型エラストマーの粉体に対して、ポリプロピレン系重合体、ポリエチレン系重合体、塩化ビニル系重合体などの有機系の微粒子を添加することが提案された。しかし、ポリプロピレン系重合体とポリエチレン系重合体においては、得られる成型品を自動車内に装着すると車内のガラスが揮発成分で曇るフォギングの現象が発生する問題が起き、また、塩化ビニル系重合体はポリオレフィン系重合体との相溶性が悪くて成型品の機械的強度を低下させるなど、いまだ実用性は不十分であった。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
これらの状況のもと、本発明者らは、粉体流動性を改善して、かつ、フォギングを起こさない、高強度の成形品の得られる粉体成形用ポリオレフィン重合体組成物の実現の検討を重ねた結果、特定のアクリレート系重合体微粒子を配合することにより上記の諸問題が解決されることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
すなわち本発明は、(A)ポリプロピレン系重合体20〜80重量%と(B)オレフィン系重合体又は/及び芳香族ビニル炭化水素−共役ジエン共重合体80〜20重量%とからなる混合物の粉体100重量部、及び(C)ガラス転移温度が60℃以上で一次平均粒径が0.01〜70μmであるアクリレート系重合体0.5〜30重量部を含有してなる粉体成形用ポリオレフィン重合体組成物、
を提供するものである。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明で(A)成分として使用するポリプロピレン系重合体は、プロピレン単独重合体又はプロピレン50重量%以上と炭素数2〜12の他のα−オレフィンとの共重合体である。ここで、プロピレンと炭素数2〜12のα−オレフィンとの共重合体はランダム共重合体、交互共重合体及びブロック共重合体を含むもので、通常、チーグラー・ナッタ系触媒などを用いて重合することにより製造されることが多い。かかるα−オレフィンとしては、例えばエチレン、ブテン−1、4−メチル−ペンテン−1、オクテン−1などが挙げられる。プロピレン系重合体は、特に限定されないが、JIS K 7210によるメルトフローレート(以下、MFRと記す。)が5g/min以上(230℃、2.16kg荷重)のものが好ましく、MFRが20g/min以上のものが更に好ましい。ポリプロピレン系重合体のMFRが5g/minより小さいと、溶融性が悪くてピンホールが発生し易い虞がある。
【0006】
本発明組成物における(B)成分として、オレフィン系重合体又は/及び芳香族ビニル炭化水素−共役ジエン共重合体を用いる。ここで、オレフィン系重合体は、オレフィンの単独重合体又は共重合体で、(A)成分のポリプロピレン系重合体を除くものである。すなわち、エチレン単独重合体又はエチレンと他のビニル系単量体(50重量%以上となるプロピレンを除く)との共重合体であるエチレン系重合体、ポリブテン−1、ポリ4−メチルペンテン−1などが挙げられる。エチレン系重合体の具体例としては、高密度ポリエチレン、中密度ポリエチレン、低密度ポリエチレン、直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン、エチレン−ブテン−1共重合体、エチレン−ヘキセン−1共重合体、エチレン−ヘプテン−1共重合体、エチレン−オクテン−1共重合体、エチレン−4−メチルペンテン−1共重合体、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン−アクリル酸共重合体、エチレン−アクリル酸アルキルエステル共重合体、エチレン−メタクリル酸共重合体、エチレン−メタクリル酸アルキルエステル共重合体などが挙げられる。エチレン系重合体として好ましいものは、直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン、エチレン−ブテン−1共重合体、エチレン−ヘキセン−1共重合体、エチレン−ヘプテン−1共重合体、エチレン−オクテン−1共重合体などである。また、好ましいオレフィン系重合体は、MFRが5g/min以上(190℃、2.16kg荷重)のものであり、MFRが20g/min以上のものが更に好ましい。オレフィン系重合体のMFRが5g/minより小さいと、溶融性が悪くてピンホールが発生し易い虞がある。
【0007】
本発明組成物における(B)成分として、芳香族ビニル炭化水素−共役ジエン共重合体(以下、芳香族ビニル系共重合体と記す。)を使用しても良い。芳香族ビニル炭化水素としては、スチレン、α−メチルスチレン、1−ビニルナフタレン、2−ビニルナフタレン、3−メチルスチレン、4−プロピルスチレン、4−シクロヘキシルスチレン、4−ドデシルスチレン、2−エチル−4−ベンジルスチレン、4−(フェニルブチル)スチレンなどが挙げられる。これらの中で、スチレンまたはα−メチルスチレンが好ましい。共役ジエンとしては、1,3−ブタジエン、イソプレン、2,3−ジメチル−1,3−ブタジエン、1,3−ペンタジエン、2−メチル−1,3−ペンタジエン、1,3−ヘキサジエン、4,5−ジエチル−1,3−オクタジエン、3−ブチル−1,3−オクタジエン、クロロプレンなどが挙げられる。これらの中で、1,3−ブタジエンが好ましい。
【0008】
また、本発明において、芳香族ビニル系共重合体には、芳香族ビニル炭化水素−共役ジエン共重合体の共役ジエン単量体部分の二重結合に対して水素添加されたものも含まれる。すなわち、芳香族ビニル炭化水素−共役ジエン共重合体水素添加物も本発明における(B)成分として使用することができる。このような水素添加共重合体の例としては、スチレン−ブタジエン−スチレンブロック共重合体水素添加物(通称、スチレン・エチレン・ブチレン・スチレン共重合体又はSEBSと記す。)、スチレン−イソプレン−スチレンブロック共重合体水素添加物(通称、スチレン・エチレン・プロピレン・スチレン共重合体又はSEPSと記す。)、スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体水素添加物などが挙げられる。
好ましい芳香族ビニル系共重合体は、MFRが0.5g/min以上(230℃、2.16kg荷重)のものであり、MFRが5g/min以上のものが更に好ましい。オレフィン系重合体のMFRが5g/minより小さいと、溶融性が悪くてピンホールが発生し易い虞がある。
本発明において、(A)成分と(B)成分との使用比率は、重量比で20/80〜80/20であり、好ましくは40/60〜60/40である。(A)成分の使用比率が20重量%より少ないと、得られる成型品の機械的強度が低下する危険性があり、一方、80重量%より多いと、得られる成型品の硬度が高くなる虞がある。
【0009】
本発明組成物の(C)成分として用いられるアクリレート系共重合体は、ガラス転移温度(以下、Tgともいう。)が60℃以上で、かつ、一次平均粒径が0.01〜70μmのものである。(C)成分のTgは示差熱分析計にて求めることができ、好ましくは70℃以上、更に好ましくは80℃より高い温度である。Tgが60℃より低いと、成形時の温度上昇過程にある粉体の流動性が悪化する傾向がある。アクリレート系共重合体がコア−シェル構造である場合は、シェルを構成する重合体のTgが上記の要件を満たせば良い。即ち、シェルの重合体のTgが60℃以上、好ましくは70℃以上、更に好ましくは80℃より高い温度であれば、コア重合体のTgが例えばポリエチルアクリレートのように−22℃というように低くても良い。
また、(C)成分の一次平均粒径、即ち単一粒子の平均径は、アクリレート系共重合体の粉末を水に分散し、発振周波数が50kHzの超音波振盪器に1分間かけた後、3分間静置した懸濁液を用いて遠心沈降濁度法により積分粒径分布を求め、累積値50%となる粒径をもって表わす。(C)成分の好ましい一次平均粒径は0.3〜30μmである。一次平均粒径が0.01μmより小さいと、成型品に色むらが発生する傾向があり、一方、30μmより大きいと粉体成形用組成物の粉体流動性が不十分となる虞がある。
【0010】
本発明における前記アクリレート系共重合体の組成の主成分(コア−シェル構造の場合はシェルの重合体の主成分)は、炭素数1〜8のアルキルアルコールと(メタ)アクリル酸〔(メタ)はアクリル酸とメタクリル酸とを指す場合に記すことがある。〕のエステルである。、その具体例としては、メチルメタクリレート〔ホモ重合体の場合のTg(以下同様):105℃〕、エチルメタクリレート(65℃)、イソプロピルメタクリレート(81℃)、t−ブチルメタクリレート(107℃)、シクロヘキシルメタクリレート(56℃)、フェニルメタクリレート(110℃)などを挙げることができ、これらの単量体は、重合体を形成する全単量体を基準にして50重量%以上を占めるものである。50重量%を下廻ると、共重合体のガラス転移温度が60℃を下廻る虞がある。
【0011】
また、本発明におけるアクリレート系重合体の第二成分として、必要に応じて他の単量体を50重量%未満の量で共単量体として用いることもできる。これらの単量体の例としては、スチレン、ビニルトルエン、α−メチルスチレンなどの芳香族ビニル系化合物;(メタ)アクリロニトリル、シアン化ビニリデンなどのシアン化ビニル化合物;酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニルなどのビニルエステル化合物;エチルビニルエーテル、メチルビニルエーテル、ヒドロキシブチルビニルエーテルなどのビニルエーテル化合物;α−ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、3−ヒドロキシブチル(メタ)アクリレート、ブトキシエチル(メタ)アクリレートなどの官能基含有アクリル酸又はメタクリル酸アルキルエステル化合物;2−ヒドロキシエチルフマレート、モノブチルマレートなどの二塩基酸エステル化合物;塩化ビニルなどを挙げることができる。これらのアクリレート系共重合体のなかでも、メチルメタクリレートを50重量%以上含有するメタアクリレート系共重合体が好ましい。
【0012】
上記のような(C)成分のアクリレート系重合体の微粒子を製造するには、乳化重合法(播種乳化重合法を含む)、微細懸濁重合法(播種微細懸濁重合法を含む)又は懸濁重合法によると良い。
本発明組成物における(C)成分の配合量は、(A)成分と(B)成分の混合物の粉体100重量部あたり0.5〜30重量部であり、好ましくは1〜10重量部である。0.5重量部より少いと粉体流動性の改善が不十分となる危険性があり、一方、30重量部より多いと成型品の機械的強度が低下する虞がある。
【0013】
本発明組成物には、上記の(A)、(B)及び(C)成分のほか、必要に応じて更に酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、帯電防止剤、難燃剤、顔料、スリップ剤、分散剤、フィラーなどを添加することができるし、公知の可塑剤などもベトツキ、成形性などを損なわない範囲で添加することができる。
本発明組成物は、上記した各成分を均一に混合することによりでき上がる。このような組成物の製造は、各成分の良好な分散が得られれば如何なる方法を採用してもよく、特に限定されるものではない。通常、ゴム・重合体工業に使用されるヘンシェルミキサー、バンバリーミキサー、加圧ニーダーなどの密閉型混合機、又は一軸押出機、二軸押出機などによって、対象ポリマーを溶融混練りする。また、混練方法として多段の添加口のある押出機にて前段で重合体成分及び各種添加剤を投入し、後段で可塑剤などの液状成分を注入する方法を採用することもできる。
【0014】
上記の各種の混合法の中で押出機などの重合体成分の溶融を伴う混合法を採用する場合は、次に粉砕工程を入れて組成物の粉体流動性を向上させることが好ましい。このような粉砕工程にはターボミル、ローラミル、ボールミル、遠心力粉砕機、パルペライザーなどの粉砕機を用いて粉砕することにより、調製することができる。
このようにして得られた粉末状のポリオレフィン重合体組成物の平均粒径は50〜500μm、好ましくは100〜300μmの範囲にあるのが望ましい。ここで、ポリオレフィン重合体組成物の平均粒径は、JIS標準篩を用いる篩分析による積分粒径分布曲線が50重量%を指す目開きに相当する粒径のことである。
この平均粒径が50μm未満のものは粉砕工程の効率が悪い上に、貯蔵時に凝集しやすいし、500μmを超えると成形品のキメが荒くなり、厚さの薄い成形品の場合にはピンホールが発生しやすくなる。
本発明のポリオレフィン重合体組成物は、粉体スラッシュ成形、流動浸漬成形又は粉体回転成形などの種々の粉体成形方法が適用でき、特にインストルメルトパネル、ヘッドレスト、コンソールボックス、ドアトリム、アームレストなどの自動車内装品の表層の粉末成形材料として好適に使用することができる。
【0015】
【実施例】
以下に実施例と比較例を挙げて本発明を説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。アクリレート系重合体1〜4を下記製造例の方法により調製した。
アクリレート系重合体製造例1
攪拌機及びジャケット付きのステンレス製反応器に水200重量部、オレイン酸カリウム1.0重量部及び過硫酸カリウム0.6重量部を入れて脱気し、メチルメタクリレート50重量部、ステアリルアクリレート50重量部及びt−ドデシルメルカプタン0.15重量部を仕込んだ。反応器を昇温して反応温度を60℃に維持して重合反応を行い、少量サンプリングした反応液の固形分濃度の変化により重合率を追跡し、重合率92%を確認してから冷却して反応を終え、ラテックスを得た。ラテックスを170℃の窒素気流の噴霧乾燥機にて乾燥してアクリレート系重合体1を得た。アクリレート系重合体1の特性を表1に記す。
【0016】
アクリレート系重合体製造例2
攪拌機及びジャケット付きのステンレス製反応器にポリビニルアルコール0.5重量部とメチルセルロース0.5重量部を溶解した水200重量部を入れて脱気し、アゾビスイソブチルニトリル0.2重量部とメチルメタクリレート100重量部とを仕込み、反応器を昇温して温度を55℃に維持して重合反応を行い、少量サンプリングした反応液の固形分濃度により重合率を追跡し、重合率90%を確認してから冷却して反応を終え、スラリーを得た。スラリーを脱水後、170℃の窒素による流動乾燥機にて乾燥してアクリレート系重合体2を得た。アクリレート系重合体2の特性を表1に記す。
【0017】
アクリレート系重合体製造例3
単量体に、メチルメタクリレート50重量部及びステアリルアクリレート50重量部に代えてメチルメタクリレート50重量部及びスチレン50重量部を用いたほかはアクリレート系重合体製造例1と同様に行ってアクリレート系重合体3を得た。アクリレート系重合体3の特性を表1に記す。
【0018】
アクリレート系重合体製造例4
攪拌機及びジャケット付きのステンレス製反応器に水200重量部を入れて脱気し、メチルメタクリレート50重量部、n−ブチルアクリレート50重量部、ドデシルベンゼンスルフォン酸ナトリウム1.0重量部、ステアリルアルコール1.5重量部及びベンゾイルパーオキサイド0.3重量部添加し、室温で30分間撹拌混合した後、ホモミキサーで均質化し、撹拌機及びジャケット付きステンレス製重合器に移送し、重合温度60℃で5時間重合を行った。サンプリングで重合率90%を確認してから冷却して反応を終え、ラテックスを得た。ラテックスを170℃の窒素気流の噴霧乾燥機にて乾燥してアクリレート系重合体4を得た。アクリレート系重合体4の特性を表1に記す。
【0019】
【表1】

Figure 0003794866
【0020】
実施例1〜5、比較例1〜3
ポリプロピレン重合体(J709、グランドポリマー(株)製、MFR=55g/10min.)60重量部、直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン重合体(ノバテックLL UJ790、日本ポリケム(株)製、MFR=50g/10min.)20重量部、SEBS(タフテックH1042、旭化成工業(株)製、MFR=30g/10min.)20重量部及び表2に示す種類及び量の微細粉体をヘンシェルミキサーにて混合してから2軸押出機(TEM−35B、東芝機械(株)製、シリンダー径35mm、バレル温度200℃)にて混練して径2mm、長さ3mmのペレットを得、次いでターボミルにて粉砕し、粉末状のポリオレフィン重合体組成物を得た。得られたポリオレフィン重合体組成物について下記の方法にて粉体流動性を、また、粉体成形における溶融性、成型品の非フォギング性及び引張り強度を評価した。結果を表2に示す。
【0021】
(1)粉体流動性
JIS K 6721規定の嵩比重測定装置を用いて温度23℃の粉末状のポリオレフィン重合体組成物100ccの落下時間を測定する。落下時間が短かい程粉体流動性が良い。30秒より長いと、流動性が悪いため、シートの厚みにムラが生ずる可能性がある。
また、ポリオレフィン重合体組成物を50℃のオーブン内に30分置いて50℃に加温されたのを確認して直ちに上記と同様にして組成物100ccの落下時間を測定した。加温状態の粉体流動性が良いと、実機での成形の際、金型に粉体状組成物を付着させて、余剰の組成物をリザーバーに受け、繰り返し金型に供給されるときの金型細部への行き渡りが良い傾向がある。
【0022】
(2)溶融性
粉末状のポリオレフィン重合体組成物を用いてスラッシュ成形を3回行って得られるシートの均一性如何で調べる。即ち、150×100×3mmのニッケル金型を温度280℃、260℃及び240℃にそれぞれ加熱し、各々粉末状の熱可塑性重合体組成物を置いて10秒間経てから反転して付着していない余剰の粉末を取り除いた後、付着している熱可塑性重合体組成物について更に30秒間保持してゲル化させる。次いで、金型を水冷し、金型の温度が60℃になったときゲル化シートを剥がし、シート厚み及びシート表面のピンホールの状態を調べ、下記の記号で評価した。ピンホールがないほど良好である。
○:シート厚みにムラが見られず、また、ほとんどピンホールがない。
△:わずかにシート厚みムラ及びピンホールがある。
×:シート厚みにムラがあり、また、かなりピンホールがある。
【0023】
(3)非フォギング性
スラッシュ成形して得られたシートを直径70mmの円形に切り抜き、フォギングテスター(スガ試験機(株)製)にて下記の条件で試験を実施。その後のヘイズ値を求めた。ヘイズ値が低いほど非フォギング性が良好である。
加熱オイル温度×時間:110℃×5時間
冷却板温度 :30℃
(4)引張り強度
溶融性の試験と同様の方法で、金型を用いて280℃、10秒の条件で厚み1mmの焼結シートを作成する。このシートからJIS K 6301の1号型試験片を打ち抜く。次いでJIS K 7113の方法に基づいて引っ張り強度を測定する。
【0024】
比較例4
ポリプロピレン重合体を86重量部、直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン重合体及びSEBSを各7重量部としたほかは実施例1と同様に行った。得られたポリオレフィン重合体組成物の粉体流動性、溶融性及び非フォギング性についての評価結果を表2に示す。
比較例5
ポリプロピレン重合体を14重量部、直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン重合体を60重量部及びSEBSを26重量部としたほかは実施例1と同様に行った。得られたポリオレフィン重合体組成物の粉体流動性、溶融性及び非フォギング性についての評価結果を表2に示す。
【0025】
【表2】
Figure 0003794866
【0026】

*1:メチルメタクリレート重合体、ゼオンF−325、日本ゼオン(株)製、Tgは105℃、平均粒径は0.8μm。
*2:シリカ、エアロジルA200、日本アエロジル(株)製、平均粒径は0.016μm。
*3:ポリプロピレン、ランコワックスPP1362D、三晶(株)製、平均粒径は3.5μm。
【0027】
本発明の要件を備えた実施例1〜5は、いずれも粉体流動性、溶融性及び非フォギング性が良好であった。殊に、実施例2〜4から、アクリレート系重合体のTgが80℃より高いと、ポリオレフィン重合体組成物の加温時の粉体流動性が特に良いことが判る。
しかし、(C)成分の微細粉体としてシリカを用いた比較例1では、微粉が平均粒径は本発明の要件に適合するものの、無機粉末であるために粉体成形用ポリオレフィン重合体組成物の溶融性が劣り、成形シートの引張り強度が低かった。また、微粉としてポリプロピレンを用いた比較例2では、本発明の平均粒径の規定を満すものであっても、粉体流動性および非フォギング性が不良であった。また、微粉の粒径とガラス転移温度が本発明の要件に適合しても、量が少なすぎると、粉体流動性が悪化した(比較例3)。
本発明の規定に照らして(A)成分の比率が多く、(B)成分の比率が少ない比較例4では、溶融性が悪く、硬くて結果として引っ張り強度の大きい成形品が得られた。
本発明の規定に照らして(A)成分の比率が少なく、(B)成分の比率が少多い比較例5では、溶融性がやや悪く、引張り強度の小さな成形品が得られた。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、粉体流動性が良好で、かつ、フォギングを起こしにくい粉体成形用ポリオレフィン重合体組成物が提供され、これを用いた粉体成形品を表層に用いた重合体成形製品はリサイクル使用の利便性が高くなる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a polyolefin polymer composition for powder molding. More specifically, the present invention relates to a polyolefin polymer composition for powder molding that has excellent powder fluidity and is less prone to fogging.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a surface material for automobile interior parts such as instrument panels and headrests, a powder molding material of a vinyl chloride polymer (hereinafter referred to as PVC) composition is mainly used.
However, these automobile interior parts are made of, for example, PVC as a surface layer, polyurethane foam as an inner foam layer, and polyolefin and a core material as a plurality of raw materials. Integration of inner and outer layer materials has come to be desired. Therefore, as for the surface layer, PVC has been an excellent material that is well balanced in terms of performance and cost. However, for the convenience of separation, a change to a polyolefin-based polymer has been proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-1183). No. 5, JP-A-5-279484). Also, the use of polyolefin polymers for the foam layer has begun to be studied. However, the use of the polyolefin-based polymer for the surface layer according to the above proposal has a problem that a pinhole is generated in a molded product due to insufficient powder flowability and heat resistance.
In general, it is important that the material for powder molding for the surface layer has good powder flowability and excellent powder characteristics in order to obtain a good molded product. When the powder fluidity deteriorates, not only the thickness of the molded product becomes non-uniform, but also the rate of occurrence of molding defects such as pinholes increases. In order to eliminate such problems, inorganic fine powders have been added to polyolefin-based polymer compositions for powder molding mainly for the purpose of serving as rollers. However, although a small amount of inorganic fine powder significantly improves the powder characteristics of the powder molding composition, it causes a decrease in the physical properties of the molded product, and also greatly reduces the meltability of the material polymer itself. There is a problem inducing defects such as uneven thickness of the molded product and pinholes. In addition, since only a small amount of inorganic fine powder can be used, if the powder molding composition is stored for a long time in a hot warehouse in the summer, the polymer powder will melt and the powder flowability will decrease. There was also. In order to improve these problems, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-106553 discloses a polypropylene polymer, a polyethylene polymer, and a partially crosslinked elastomer powder of an ethylene / α-olefin copolymer and a polyolefin polymer. It has been proposed to add organic fine particles such as coalesced and vinyl chloride polymers. However, in polypropylene polymers and polyethylene polymers, there is a problem that fogging occurs when the resulting molded product is mounted in an automobile, and the glass inside the vehicle is clouded with volatile components. The practicality was still insufficient, such as poor compatibility with the polyolefin polymer and lowering the mechanical strength of the molded product.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Under these circumstances, the present inventors have investigated the realization of a polyolefin polymer composition for powder molding that improves powder fluidity and does not cause fogging, and can provide a high-strength molded product. As a result, it was found that the above problems can be solved by blending specific acrylate polymer fine particles, and the present invention has been completed.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention provides a powder of a mixture comprising (A) 20 to 80% by weight of a polypropylene polymer and (B) 80 to 20% by weight of an olefin polymer or / and an aromatic vinyl hydrocarbon-conjugated diene copolymer. 100 parts by weight of a body and (C) a polyolefin for powder molding comprising 0.5 to 30 parts by weight of an acrylate polymer having a glass transition temperature of 60 ° C. or higher and a primary average particle size of 0.01 to 70 μm Polymer composition,
Is to provide.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is described in detail below.
The polypropylene polymer used as the component (A) in the present invention is a propylene homopolymer or a copolymer of 50% by weight or more of propylene and another α-olefin having 2 to 12 carbon atoms. Here, the copolymer of propylene and an α-olefin having 2 to 12 carbon atoms includes a random copolymer, an alternating copolymer, and a block copolymer, and usually uses a Ziegler-Natta catalyst or the like. Often produced by polymerization. Examples of such α-olefins include ethylene, butene-1, 4-methyl-pentene-1, and octene-1. The propylene polymer is not particularly limited, but preferably has a melt flow rate (hereinafter referred to as MFR) according to JIS K 7210 of 5 g / min or more (230 ° C., 2.16 kg load), and MFR of 20 g / min. The above is more preferable. If the MFR of the polypropylene polymer is less than 5 g / min, the meltability is poor and pinholes are likely to occur.
[0006]
As the component (B) in the composition of the present invention, an olefin polymer or / and an aromatic vinyl hydrocarbon-conjugated diene copolymer are used. Here, the olefin polymer is an olefin homopolymer or copolymer and excludes the polypropylene polymer as the component (A). That is, an ethylene homopolymer or an ethylene polymer, polybutene-1, poly-4-methylpentene-1 which is a copolymer of ethylene and another vinyl monomer (excluding propylene which is 50% by weight or more) Etc. Specific examples of the ethylene polymer include high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, ethylene-butene-1 copolymer, ethylene-hexene-1 copolymer, ethylene-heptene. -1 copolymer, ethylene-octene-1 copolymer, ethylene-4-methylpentene-1 copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid alkyl ester copolymer Examples thereof include a polymer, an ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer, and an ethylene-methacrylic acid alkyl ester copolymer. Preferred as the ethylene polymer are linear low density polyethylene, ethylene-butene-1 copolymer, ethylene-hexene-1 copolymer, ethylene-heptene-1 copolymer, ethylene-octene-1 copolymer. Such as coalescence. Further, a preferred olefin polymer has an MFR of 5 g / min or more (190 ° C., 2.16 kg load), and an MFR of 20 g / min or more is more preferred. If the MFR of the olefin polymer is less than 5 g / min, the meltability is poor and pinholes are likely to occur.
[0007]
As the component (B) in the composition of the present invention, an aromatic vinyl hydrocarbon-conjugated diene copolymer (hereinafter referred to as an aromatic vinyl copolymer) may be used. As aromatic vinyl hydrocarbons, styrene, α-methylstyrene, 1-vinylnaphthalene, 2-vinylnaphthalene, 3-methylstyrene, 4-propylstyrene, 4-cyclohexylstyrene, 4-dodecylstyrene, 2-ethyl-4 -Benzylstyrene, 4- (phenylbutyl) styrene, etc. are mentioned. Of these, styrene or α-methylstyrene is preferred. Conjugated dienes include 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 1,3-hexadiene, 4,5 -Diethyl-1,3-octadiene, 3-butyl-1,3-octadiene, chloroprene and the like. Of these, 1,3-butadiene is preferred.
[0008]
In the present invention, the aromatic vinyl-based copolymer includes those obtained by hydrogenating the double bond of the conjugated diene monomer portion of the aromatic vinyl hydrocarbon-conjugated diene copolymer. That is, an aromatic vinyl hydrocarbon-conjugated diene copolymer hydrogenated product can also be used as the component (B) in the present invention. Examples of such hydrogenated copolymers include hydrogenated styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers (commonly referred to as styrene / ethylene / butylene / styrene copolymers or SEBS), styrene / isoprene / styrene. Examples include hydrogenated block copolymers (commonly referred to as styrene / ethylene / propylene / styrene copolymers or SEPS), hydrogenated styrene-butadiene copolymers, and the like.
Preferred aromatic vinyl copolymers have an MFR of 0.5 g / min or more (230 ° C., 2.16 kg load), and more preferably have an MFR of 5 g / min or more. If the MFR of the olefin polymer is less than 5 g / min, the meltability is poor and pinholes are likely to occur.
In the present invention, the use ratio of the component (A) to the component (B) is 20/80 to 80/20 by weight, preferably 40/60 to 60/40. If the proportion of component (A) used is less than 20% by weight, the mechanical strength of the resulting molded product may be reduced. On the other hand, if it exceeds 80% by weight, the hardness of the resulting molded product may increase. There is.
[0009]
The acrylate copolymer used as the component (C) of the composition of the present invention has a glass transition temperature (hereinafter also referred to as Tg) of 60 ° C. or higher and a primary average particle size of 0.01 to 70 μm. It is. The Tg of component (C) can be determined with a differential thermal analyzer, and is preferably a temperature of 70 ° C. or higher, more preferably higher than 80 ° C. When Tg is lower than 60 ° C, the fluidity of the powder in the process of increasing the temperature during molding tends to deteriorate. When the acrylate copolymer has a core-shell structure, the Tg of the polymer constituting the shell should satisfy the above requirements. That is, if the Tg of the shell polymer is 60 ° C. or higher, preferably 70 ° C. or higher, more preferably higher than 80 ° C., the Tg of the core polymer is −22 ° C. such as polyethyl acrylate. It may be low.
The primary average particle diameter of component (C), that is, the average diameter of a single particle is determined by dispersing the acrylate copolymer powder in water and applying it to an ultrasonic shaker having an oscillation frequency of 50 kHz for 1 minute. The integrated particle size distribution is obtained by the centrifugal sedimentation turbidity method using the suspension that has been allowed to stand for 3 minutes, and is expressed as a particle size that has a cumulative value of 50%. (C) The preferable primary average particle diameter of a component is 0.3-30 micrometers. If the primary average particle size is less than 0.01 μm, uneven color tends to occur in the molded product. On the other hand, if it is more than 30 μm, the powder flowability of the powder molding composition may be insufficient.
[0010]
The main component of the composition of the acrylate copolymer in the present invention (in the case of the core-shell structure, the main component of the shell polymer) is an alkyl alcohol having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and (meth) acrylic acid [(meth) May be noted when referring to acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. ] Of ester. Specific examples thereof include methyl methacrylate [Tg in the case of homopolymer (hereinafter the same): 105 ° C.], ethyl methacrylate (65 ° C.), isopropyl methacrylate (81 ° C.), t-butyl methacrylate (107 ° C.), cyclohexyl Methacrylate (56 ° C.), phenyl methacrylate (110 ° C.) and the like can be mentioned, and these monomers occupy 50% by weight or more based on the total monomers forming the polymer. If it is less than 50% by weight, the glass transition temperature of the copolymer may be less than 60 ° C.
[0011]
Moreover, as a 2nd component of the acrylate polymer in this invention, another monomer can also be used as a comonomer in the quantity below 50 weight% as needed. Examples of these monomers include aromatic vinyl compounds such as styrene, vinyl toluene and α-methylstyrene; vinyl cyanide compounds such as (meth) acrylonitrile and vinylidene cyanide; vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate Vinyl ester compounds; vinyl ether compounds such as ethyl vinyl ether, methyl vinyl ether, hydroxybutyl vinyl ether; functional group-containing acrylic acid such as α-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 3-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, butoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, or the like Examples include methacrylic acid alkyl ester compounds; dibasic acid ester compounds such as 2-hydroxyethyl fumarate and monobutyl malate; and vinyl chloride. Among these acrylate copolymers, a methacrylate copolymer containing 50% by weight or more of methyl methacrylate is preferable.
[0012]
In order to produce the fine particles of the acrylate polymer of the component (C) as described above, an emulsion polymerization method (including a seeding emulsion polymerization method), a fine suspension polymerization method (including a seeding fine suspension polymerization method) or a suspension is used. According to the turbid polymerization method.
The amount of component (C) in the composition of the present invention is 0.5 to 30 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the powder of the mixture of component (A) and component (B). is there. If the amount is less than 0.5 parts by weight, there is a risk that the improvement of the powder fluidity will be insufficient. On the other hand, if the amount is more than 30 parts by weight, the mechanical strength of the molded product may be lowered.
[0013]
In addition to the above components (A), (B) and (C), the composition of the present invention may further comprise an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, an antistatic agent, a flame retardant, a pigment, a slip agent, a dispersion as necessary. Agents, fillers, and the like can be added, and known plasticizers and the like can also be added within a range that does not impair stickiness, moldability, and the like.
The composition of the present invention is completed by mixing the above-mentioned components uniformly. The production of such a composition is not particularly limited, and any method may be adopted as long as good dispersion of each component can be obtained. Usually, the target polymer is melt-kneaded by a closed mixer such as a Henschel mixer, a Banbury mixer, a pressure kneader, or a single-screw extruder or a twin-screw extruder used in the rubber / polymer industry. Further, as a kneading method, it is possible to employ a method in which a polymer component and various additives are introduced in the former stage and an liquid component such as a plasticizer is injected in the latter stage in an extruder having a multistage addition port.
[0014]
Among the various mixing methods described above, when employing a mixing method involving melting of polymer components such as an extruder, it is preferable to add a pulverization step to improve the powder flowability of the composition. Such a pulverization step can be prepared by pulverization using a pulverizer such as a turbo mill, a roller mill, a ball mill, a centrifugal pulverizer, or a pulverizer.
The average particle size of the powdery polyolefin polymer composition thus obtained is desirably 50 to 500 μm, preferably 100 to 300 μm. Here, the average particle diameter of the polyolefin polymer composition is a particle diameter corresponding to an opening in which an integrated particle size distribution curve by sieve analysis using a JIS standard sieve indicates 50% by weight.
If the average particle size is less than 50 μm, the efficiency of the pulverization process is poor, and it is easy to aggregate during storage. If it exceeds 500 μm, the texture of the molded product becomes rough. Is likely to occur.
The polyolefin polymer composition of the present invention can be applied to various powder molding methods such as powder slush molding, fluidized dip molding, or powder rotation molding, particularly instrument melt panels, headrests, console boxes, door trims, armrests, etc. It can be suitably used as a powder molding material for the surface layer of automobile interior parts.
[0015]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Acrylate polymers 1 to 4 were prepared by the method of the following production examples.
Acrylate polymer production example 1
200 parts by weight of water, 1.0 part by weight of potassium oleate and 0.6 part by weight of potassium persulfate are placed in a stainless steel reactor equipped with a stirrer and a jacket, and degassed. 50 parts by weight of methyl methacrylate and 50 parts by weight of stearyl acrylate And 0.15 parts by weight of t-dodecyl mercaptan was charged. The temperature of the reactor is raised and the polymerization temperature is maintained at 60 ° C. to carry out the polymerization reaction. The polymerization rate is monitored by a change in the solid content concentration of a sampled reaction solution, and the polymerization rate is confirmed after confirming 92%. The reaction was finished and latex was obtained. The latex was dried with a spray dryer in a nitrogen stream at 170 ° C. to obtain an acrylate polymer 1. The characteristics of the acrylate polymer 1 are shown in Table 1.
[0016]
Acrylate polymer production example 2
In a stainless steel reactor equipped with a stirrer and a jacket, 200 parts by weight of water in which 0.5 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.5 parts by weight of methyl cellulose are dissolved is put into degassed, 0.2 parts by weight of azobisisobutylnitrile, and methyl methacrylate. 100 parts by weight were charged, the temperature of the reactor was raised and the temperature was maintained at 55 ° C., the polymerization reaction was carried out, the polymerization rate was traced by the solid content concentration of the sampled reaction solution, and a polymerization rate of 90% was confirmed. After cooling, the reaction was completed to obtain a slurry. The slurry was dehydrated and then dried with a fluid dryer using nitrogen at 170 ° C. to obtain an acrylate polymer 2. The characteristics of the acrylate polymer 2 are shown in Table 1.
[0017]
Acrylate polymer production example 3
An acrylate polymer was prepared in the same manner as in Acrylate polymer production example 1 except that 50 parts by weight of methyl methacrylate and 50 parts by weight of stearyl acrylate were used instead of 50 parts by weight of methyl methacrylate and 50 parts by weight of styrene. 3 was obtained. The characteristics of the acrylate polymer 3 are shown in Table 1.
[0018]
Acrylate polymer production example 4
In a stainless steel reactor equipped with a stirrer and a jacket, 200 parts by weight of water was added and degassed, 50 parts by weight of methyl methacrylate, 50 parts by weight of n-butyl acrylate, 1.0 part by weight of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and stearyl alcohol. 5 parts by weight and 0.3 part by weight of benzoyl peroxide were added, mixed with stirring for 30 minutes at room temperature, homogenized with a homomixer, transferred to a stainless steel polymerization vessel equipped with a stirrer and jacket, and polymerization temperature of 60 ° C. for 5 hours. Polymerization was performed. After confirming a polymerization rate of 90% by sampling, the reaction was terminated by cooling to obtain a latex. The latex was dried with a spray dryer in a nitrogen stream at 170 ° C. to obtain an acrylate polymer 4. The characteristics of the acrylate polymer 4 are shown in Table 1.
[0019]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003794866
[0020]
Examples 1-5, Comparative Examples 1-3
Polypropylene polymer (J709, manufactured by Grand Polymer Co., Ltd., MFR = 55 g / 10 min.) 60 parts by weight, linear low density polyethylene polymer (Novatech LL UJ790, manufactured by Nippon Polychem Co., Ltd., MFR = 50 g / 10 min.) ) 20 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight of SEBS (Tuftec H1042, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., MFR = 30 g / 10 min.) And fine powders of the types and amounts shown in Table 2 were mixed in a Henschel mixer and then biaxial Kneaded with an extruder (TEM-35B, manufactured by Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd., cylinder diameter 35 mm, barrel temperature 200 ° C.) to obtain pellets with a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 3 mm, and then pulverized with a turbo mill to obtain a powdered polyolefin A polymer composition was obtained. The obtained polyolefin polymer composition was evaluated for powder flowability by the following method, and for melting in powder molding, non-fogging property and tensile strength of the molded product. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0021]
(1) Powder flowability The falling time of 100 cc of a powdery polyolefin polymer composition having a temperature of 23 ° C. is measured using a bulk specific gravity measuring device defined in JIS K 6721. The shorter the drop time, the better the powder fluidity. If it is longer than 30 seconds, the fluidity is poor, and therefore there may be unevenness in the thickness of the sheet.
Further, the polyolefin polymer composition was placed in a 50 ° C. oven for 30 minutes and it was confirmed that the polyolefin polymer composition was heated to 50 ° C., and immediately after that, the dropping time of 100 cc of the composition was measured in the same manner as described above. When the powder fluidity in the warmed state is good, when molding with an actual machine, the powdery composition is adhered to the mold, and the surplus composition is received in the reservoir and repeatedly supplied to the mold. There is a tendency to spread to the mold details.
[0022]
(2) The uniformity of the sheet obtained by performing slush molding 3 times using a meltable powdery polyolefin polymer composition is examined. That is, 150 × 100 × 3 mm nickel molds were heated to temperatures of 280 ° C., 260 ° C. and 240 ° C., respectively, and a powdered thermoplastic polymer composition was placed on each of them, and after 10 seconds, they were not reversed and adhered. After the excess powder is removed, the attached thermoplastic polymer composition is further gelled by holding for 30 seconds. Next, the mold was cooled with water, and when the temperature of the mold reached 60 ° C., the gelled sheet was peeled off, and the sheet thickness and the state of pinholes on the sheet surface were examined and evaluated with the following symbols. It is so good that there is no pinhole.
○: Unevenness is not seen in the sheet thickness, and there is almost no pinhole.
Δ: Slightly uneven sheet thickness and pinholes.
X: The sheet thickness is uneven, and there is a considerable pinhole.
[0023]
(3) The sheet obtained by non-fogging slush molding was cut into a circle with a diameter of 70 mm, and the test was carried out under the following conditions with a fogging tester (manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd.). The subsequent haze value was determined. The lower the haze value, the better the non-fogging property.
Heating oil temperature x time: 110 ° C x 5 hours Cooling plate temperature: 30 ° C
(4) A sintered sheet having a thickness of 1 mm is prepared using a mold at a temperature of 280 ° C. for 10 seconds in the same manner as in the tensile strength meltability test. A JIS K 6301 No. 1 test piece is punched from this sheet. Next, the tensile strength is measured based on the method of JIS K7113.
[0024]
Comparative Example 4
The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that 86 parts by weight of the polypropylene polymer, 7 parts by weight of each of the linear low density polyethylene polymer and SEBS were used. Table 2 shows the evaluation results on the powder fluidity, meltability and non-fogging property of the obtained polyolefin polymer composition.
Comparative Example 5
The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that the polypropylene polymer was 14 parts by weight, the linear low-density polyethylene polymer was 60 parts by weight, and the SEBS was 26 parts by weight. Table 2 shows the evaluation results on the powder fluidity, meltability and non-fogging property of the obtained polyolefin polymer composition.
[0025]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003794866
[0026]
* 1: Methyl methacrylate polymer, ZEON F-325, manufactured by ZEON CORPORATION, Tg is 105 ° C., and the average particle size is 0.8 μm.
* 2: Silica, Aerosil A200, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., average particle diameter is 0.016 μm.
* 3: Polypropylene, Lanco wax PP1362D, manufactured by Sanki Co., Ltd., average particle size is 3.5 μm.
[0027]
Examples 1 to 5 having the requirements of the present invention all had good powder flowability, meltability and non-fogging properties. In particular, it can be seen from Examples 2 to 4 that when the Tg of the acrylate polymer is higher than 80 ° C., the powder fluidity during heating of the polyolefin polymer composition is particularly good.
However, in Comparative Example 1 in which silica is used as the fine powder of component (C), the fine powder has an average particle size that meets the requirements of the present invention, but is an inorganic powder, and therefore is a polyolefin polymer composition for powder molding. The meltability of the molded sheet was poor and the tensile strength of the molded sheet was low. Further, in Comparative Example 2 using polypropylene as the fine powder, the powder flowability and non-fogging properties were poor even when the average particle size of the present invention was satisfied. Moreover, even if the particle size of the fine powder and the glass transition temperature meet the requirements of the present invention, if the amount is too small, the powder fluidity deteriorates (Comparative Example 3).
In Comparative Example 4 in which the ratio of the component (A) is large and the ratio of the component (B) is small in light of the provisions of the present invention, a molded product having poor meltability and being hard and having high tensile strength was obtained.
In the comparative example 5 in which the ratio of the component (A) is small and the ratio of the component (B) is small in light of the provisions of the present invention, a molded product having a slightly poor melt strength and a low tensile strength was obtained.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, there is provided a polyolefin polymer composition for powder molding that has good powder flowability and is less prone to fogging. Convenience of use increases.

Claims (1)

(A)ポリプロピレン系重合体20〜80重量%と(B)芳香族ビニル炭化水素−共役ジエン共重合体水素添加物80〜20重量%とからなる混合物の粉体100重量部、及び(C)ガラス転移温度が60℃以上で一次平均粒径が0.01〜70μmである、メチルメタクリレート50重量%以上と、スチレン、ステアリルアクリレート又はn−ブチルアクリレート50重量%以下とを重合してなる重合体0.5〜30重量部を含有してなる粉体成形用ポリオレフィン重合体組成物。(A) 100 parts by weight of a powder of a mixture comprising 20 to 80% by weight of a polypropylene polymer and (B) 80 to 20% by weight of a hydrogenated aromatic vinyl hydrocarbon-conjugated diene copolymer , and (C) A polymer obtained by polymerizing 50% by weight or more of methyl methacrylate and 50% by weight or less of styrene, stearyl acrylate or n-butyl acrylate having a glass transition temperature of 60 ° C. or more and a primary average particle size of 0.01 to 70 μm. A polyolefin polymer composition for powder molding comprising 0.5 to 30 parts by weight.
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