JP3797677B2 - Method for electrochemical treatment of concrete - Google Patents
Method for electrochemical treatment of concrete Download PDFInfo
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- JP3797677B2 JP3797677B2 JP11304594A JP11304594A JP3797677B2 JP 3797677 B2 JP3797677 B2 JP 3797677B2 JP 11304594 A JP11304594 A JP 11304594A JP 11304594 A JP11304594 A JP 11304594A JP 3797677 B2 JP3797677 B2 JP 3797677B2
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
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- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000914 Metallic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013527 degreasing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005237 degreasing agent Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005370 electroosmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/53—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone involving the removal of at least part of the materials of the treated article, e.g. etching, drying of hardened concrete
- C04B41/5369—Desalination, e.g. of reinforced concrete
- C04B41/5376—Electrochemical desalination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/60—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only artificial stone
- C04B41/72—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only artificial stone involving the removal of part of the materials of the treated articles, e.g. etching
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
- Aftertreatments Of Artificial And Natural Stones (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、鋼材を内部に含むコンクリ−トの電気化学的処理方法に関し、詳しくは、親水性処理を施してなる不織布からなる及び/又は親水性処理を施してなる電解質溶液保持材を用いたコンクリ−トの電気化学的処理方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術とその課題】
コンクリートは、一般には、種々の環境に対する抵抗性が強く、また、強アルカリ性であるので、その内部にある鋼材は、鋼材表面に不動態被膜を形成して腐食から保護され、そのために、コンクリート構造物は耐久性のある永久構造物であると考えられてきた。
しかしながら、この永久構造物と考えられてきたコンクリート構造物も、中性化や塩害などの原因によりその耐久性が低下し、構造物としての耐久性に疑問が投げかけられるようになってきた。
【0003】
このような劣化したコンクリート構造物を補修する方法として、電気化学的な手法を用いた補修工法が開示されている(特開平 1−176287号公報、特開平 2−302384号公報)。
これらの方法は、コンクリ−トの表面に電解質溶液とセルロースファイバーからなる付着性塗布材料を一時的に被覆し、この被覆した塗布材料に電極を埋設してコンクリ−トの内部の鉄筋とこの電極との間に直流電流を流すことによって、コンクリ−トの内部から電極に向かって塩化物イオンを泳動させてコンクリートから除去し、その後に、前記電極と前記塗布材料とを取り除くコンクリートの修復方法であり、セルロースファイバーからなる付着性塗布材料とアルカリ性溶液とをコンクリート表面に付着させてこのアルカリ性溶液を電気浸透を利用し、コンクリート内部へ浸透させることで中性化を回復させる方法である。
【0004】
しかしながら、これらの方法では、セルロースファイバーと電解質溶液を吹付けることによりコンクリート表面に設置した電極を被覆するため、吹付け作業時におけるセルロースファイバーの周囲への飛散が起こり、周辺環境を汚すことになる等の課題があった。
また、通常は電解質溶液としてアルカリ性の溶液が使われるため、吹き付け時に溶液の飛散がおこり、周辺環境を汚すのみならず、作業員等の目や皮膚に触れると障害等を引き起こすなどの課題があった。
【0005】
本発明者は、前記課題を解決すべく種々の検討を行なった結果、特定の方法を採用することにより、前記課題が解消し、コンクリート構造物の補修処理などの電気化学的処理が充分に行い得る知見を得て本発明を完成するに至った。
【0006】
【問題を解決するための手段】
即ち、本発明は、コンクリートの表面部に設置した電極を外部電極とし、コンクリート内部の鋼材を内部電極とし、外部電極を含むコンクリート表面及び/又は外部電極間のコンクリート表面に、電解質溶液を含有する親水性処理を施してなる不織布からなる及び/又は親水性の低い繊維若しくはフィラメントを親水性処理を施してなる電解質溶液保持材を設置し、コンクリート表面が乾燥しないよう、コンクリート表面に一定量の電解質溶液を流して電解質溶液を供給し、該外部電極間及び/又は該外部電極と内部電極間にコンクリート表面積あたり0.5〜10A/m2の電流を流すことを特徴とするコンクリートの電気化学的処理方法である。
【0007】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0008】
硬化したコンクリ−ト内部には、飽和状態の水酸化カルシウム水溶液が間隙水として充分に存在している。
そのため、コンクリ−トに電流を流すと、この間隙水が電解質溶液の役割をして、コンクリ−ト自身が持つ抵抗に応じた電流が流れる。
しかしながら、コンクリート表面が乾いていると、電流が流れにくいため、本発明では、コンクリート表面に電解質溶液を供給する。
【0009】
電解質溶液とは、コンクリート中に浸透させることにより、コンクリートの電気抵抗値を下げて電気を流しやすくするために用いる溶液のことであり、溶液中にプラスイオンやマイナスイオンが存在している溶液である。
【0010】
コンクリート表面に電解質溶液を供給する手段として、本発明では、コンクリ−ト表面に親水性処理を施してなる不織布からなる電解質溶液保持材を設置し、電解質溶液を保持し、コンクリート表面に供給する。
【0012】
ここで不織布とは、素材となる天然繊維又は合成繊維などの繊維やフィラメントを粘着剤、加熱化工、及び製縫等によって、積層したり、不規則に配列させたり、もつれさせたりして作った生地で、電解質溶液を保持することに優れているものである。その一例としてフェルト等が挙げられる。
【0013】
ここで、繊維やフィラメントの材質としては、無機質繊維、有機質繊維、及び金属質繊維等が考えられるが、木綿等の天然繊維をはじめとする親水性の高い繊維の使用が好ましい。
また、親水性の低い繊維やフィラメントでも、親水処理を施すことによって使用が可能となる。
この親水性の低い繊維やフィラメントとしては、ポリエステル、ポリエステルビスコース、ポリプロピレン、ナイロン、アクリル、レーヨン、ステンレス、及びアラミド等が挙げられる。
【0014】
ここで、好ましい親水処理方法としては、▲1▼常温で1〜10%のエタノール水溶液に、24〜48時間処理するエタノール処理方法、▲2▼溶液濃度5〜10%の炭酸ソーダや苛性ソーダなどのアルカリ脱脂剤を、常温で24時間以上、40〜80℃で3〜4時間処理するアルカリ脱脂処理方法、並びに、▲3▼0.3〜2.0%濃度の、例えば、カルボン酸塩、硫酸エステル塩、スルホン酸塩、及びリン酸エステル塩等のアニオン系界面活性剤を、常温で1〜2時間処理する界面活性剤処理方法等が好ましく、特に、界面活性剤処理方法が短時間で、エタノールに酔ったり、アルカリに侵されたりする危険性もなく好適である。
【0015】
不織布の形状は、ロール状や成形体いずれも使用可能である。
ロール状の不織布は、コンクリート表面に設置する場合、一部を固定するだけでコンクリート表面に敷くことや、垂らすことが可能であり、木板等で押さえつけることも可能である。
また、成形体の不織布は、そのまま一部を固定するだけで使用することができ、木板等で押さえつけることも可能である。
さらに、不織布は柔軟性があるので、湾曲したコンクリート又は凹凸のあるコンクリート表面にも密着させることが可能である。
【0016】
不織布の大きさや形状は、特に制限されるものではなく、目的や作業手順に応じた大きさと形状が使用できる。
【0017】
次に、コンクリ−トの表面部に設置する外部電極について説明する。
【0018】
外部電極は、通常コンクリ−トの電気化学的処理をする際、仮設するものであり、一般には正(プラス)側になるため電気的な腐食作用が働く傾向がある。
【0019】
本発明では、電流を流す期間が比較的短期なため、外部電極として、普通の鉄筋や金網などの使用も可能であるが、資源の有効利用と再利用を考えると、電気的な腐食に対する抵抗性が高いものの使用が好ましい。
具体的には、チタン、チタン合金、及び白金等又はそれらでメッキされた金属、炭素繊維や炭素棒などの炭素質物質、並びに、体積電気抵抗率が103Ω・cm以下の導電性を有する有機高分子等である。これらのうち、チタンや白金は、電気的な腐食に対して安定であるので好ましい。また、炭素や有機高分子もほぼ安定である。
なお、通常のコンクリートの体積電気抵抗率は、103〜104Ω・cm程度であるので、導電性を有する有機高分子としては、その値以下、即ち、103Ω・cm以下が好ましく、102Ω・cm以下がより好ましく、10Ω・cm以下が最も好ましい。
また、外部電極は、あらかじめ不織布内に固定されていても良い。この場合は、電極をコンクリート表面に設置する手間が省けるので、省力化に役立つ。
【0020】
なお、本発明でコンクリ−トに流す電流値は、コンクリ−ト表面積当たり0.5〜10A/m 2 の電流とする必要がある。
【0021】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例に基づいてさらに説明する。
【0022】
実施例1
高さ4×横40×厚み0.2mの鉄筋コンクリ−ト壁を部分的にはつり、コンクリ−ト内部の鉄筋を内部電極とし、コンクリ−ト表面にチタンメッシュを内蔵した不織布を電解質溶液保持材の不織布Aとして仮設した。
不織布Aを25mm角の角材で、コンクリート壁の上部と下部の2か所はさみ、プラスチックアンカーでその角材を固定した。
次に、コンクリート壁の上部に設置した角材の下面に吸水用の穴あきパイプを設置して、電解質溶液としてpH12の水酸化カルシウム溶液を流し、不織布Aに一定量の電解質溶液を供給することにより、コンクリートに電気が流れやすいようにした。
これに、1.0A/m2の直流電流を4週間流し、脱塩処理を行った。
4週間後、コンクリ−ト表面の電解質溶液保持材である不織布Aと外部電極を取り除き、コンクリ−トをコアリングして、それに含まれる塩分量を測定したところ、コンクリート中の塩分量は処理前4.5kg/m3であったものが、0.4kg/m3と1割以下に減少していることが確認され、コンクリートの改質処理が滞りなく行い得たことが明らかであった。
さらに、不織布Aを用いたことにより、周辺環境への汚染や作業員の負傷等の事故は発生しなかった。
【0023】
<使用材料>
不織布A:日本フェルト工業社製商品名「ニードルフェルトGT」(材質ポリエステル)を2%濃度のエタノールで24時間処理したもの。
外部電極:チタンメッシュ、エルテックアジアサービス社製商品名「エルガードメッシュ#210」
【0024】
<測定方法>
塩分量:社団法人 日本コンクリート工学協会「硬化コンクリート中に含まれる塩分の分析方法」(JCI-SC4)の「8.全塩分定量方法」の「8.2 塩化物イオン選択性電極を用いた電位差滴定法」に準拠
【0025】
実施例2
直径6mmで、間隔10cmのワイヤーメッシュを内蔵した不織布の板状成形体を、不織布Bとしてコンクリート表面に仮設し、2.0A/m2の電流を流したこと以外は実施例1と同様に行った。
その結果、コンクリート中の塩分量は処理前5.2kg/m3であったものが、0.5kg/m3と1割以下に減少していることが確認され、コンクリートの改質処理が滞りなく行い得たことが明らかであった。
【0026】
<使用材料>
不織布B:板状成形体、縦1×横2×厚さ0.02mで1層目はポリエステル不織布、ユニセル社製商品名「ランパスP−200TKW」をカルボン酸塩0.5%で1時間処理したもの、2層目はワイヤーメッシュ、3層目はアクリル製フェルト、日本フェルト工業社製商品名「ニードルフェルトGA」を硫酸エステル塩1.0%で2時間処理したもの
【0027】
比較例1
実施例2で使用したワイヤーメッシュと同様のものを、コンクリ−ト表面にプラスチックアンカーで固定し、さらに、その上からpH12の水酸化カルシウム溶液とセルロースファイバーとを吹き付け、外部電極を内蔵した電解質溶液保持材を形成した。
なお、吹き付け作業では、対象とする鉄筋コンクリート壁の周辺への、水酸化カルシウム溶液やセルロースファイバーの飛散が激しく、吹き付け完了後の清掃作業が大変であった。また、吹き付け作業時間が長時間におよんだので、作業員がアルカリ性雰囲気に曝されている時間が長く、手や足の皮膚にアルカリ溶液による傷害が見られた。
【0028】
実施例3
電解質溶液保持材として、表1に示すように各種の材質の不織布の親水処理を行い、その吸水性、保水性、及び通電状態を測定したこと以外は実施例1と同様に行った。結果を表1に併記する。
【0029】
<使用材料>
ポリエステル:日本フェルト工業社製商品名「ニードルフェルトGT」
ナイロン :日本フェルト工業社製商品名「ニードルフェルトGN」
アクリル :日本フェルト工業社製商品名「ニードルフェルトGA」
ステンレス:日本フェルト工業社製商品名「ニードルフェルトGS」
ケブラー :日本フェルト工業社製商品名「ニードルフェルトGK」
エタノール:和光純薬工業社製試薬一級
炭酸ナトリウム:和光純薬工業社製試薬一級
カルボン酸塩:ステアリン酸ナトリウム、和光純薬工業社製
リン酸エステル:リン酸トリフェニル、和光純薬工業社製試薬一級
【0030】
<測定方法>
吸水性 :水道水を入れた容器を静置し、水面が水平になった段階で電解質溶液保持材を静かに深さ1cm入れ、水道水が吸い上げられるのを静かに待つ。電解質溶液保持材を水道水内に入れてから、1時間後に水道水が吸い上げられた水面からの高さを測定、コンクリート表面に多少の凹凸があっても、その凹凸の影響を受けないようにするため、吸い上げ高さ2.5mm未満を×、2.5mm以上を△、5mm以上を○、及び10mm以上を◎とした。
保水性 :長さ50×幅5×厚さ1cmの電解質溶液保持材に十分に水を含ませた後、傾斜角度45°のステンレス板上に置き、水が垂れ落ちるのを待つ。1時間後に電解質溶液保持材に含まれている水の長さを電解質溶液保持材の下端から測定。保水性の判断基準は、水の長さが5cm未満のものを×、5cm以上のものを△、10cm以上のものを○、20cm以上のものを◎とした。
通電状態 :通電開始後24時間経過した時点の処理電圧により判断。処理電圧が30V未満を◎、30V以上を○、35V以上を△、感電時に死亡災害につながるおそれがあるので40V以上を×とした。
【0031】
【表1】
【0032】
実施例4
高さ1×横5×厚み0.3mの鉄筋コンクリ−ト壁を用いて試験を行った。
このコンクリート壁の中性化深さは、処理前には表面から約35mmであった。
このコンクリート表面の両側に、電解質溶液保持材として鉄筋メッシュを内蔵した不織布Aの不織布を用い、電解質溶液として、炭酸リチウムと炭酸ナトリウムを主成分とするアルカリ性水溶液を流し、0.8A/m2の直流電流を 1週間流し、コンクリートのpHを回復させる再アルカリ化処理を行ったこと以外は実施例1と同様に行った。
1週間後、コンクリート表面の電極を取り除き、コンクリートをコアリングし、それに1%濃度のフェノールフタレイン溶液を噴霧し、コンクリートの中性化深さを測定した。その結果、中性化部分はなく、コンクリートの再アルカリ化処理が行えたことを確認した。
さらに、不織布を用いたことにより、周辺環境への汚染や作業員の負傷等の事故は発生しなかった。
【0033】
<使用材料>
鉄筋メッシュ:φ3mmの鉄筋を縦横100mm間隔で溶接した金網
炭酸リチウム:和光純薬工業社製試薬一級
【0034】
【発明の効果】
本発明では、コンクリート表面及び/又はコンクリート中に直流電流を流すことによって、コンクリートの改質を行う際、その改質効果を充分に引き出すとともに、作業時の危険性や周辺環境への悪影響を低減することができる。
また、本発明では、不織布及び/又はフェルトを用いることにより外部電極の取付けが非常に簡便に行うことが可能となる。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method for electrochemically treating a concrete containing a steel material , and more specifically, an electrolyte solution holding material made of a nonwoven fabric subjected to hydrophilic treatment and / or subjected to hydrophilic treatment is used. The present invention relates to a method for electrochemical treatment of concrete.
[0002]
[Prior art and its problems]
Concrete is generally strong resistance to various environments, and because it is strongly alkaline, steel in its interior is protected from corrosion by forming a non-moving state film on the steel surface, in order that, Concrete The structure has been considered a durable permanent structure.
However, the durability of the concrete structure, which has been considered as a permanent structure, has been lowered due to neutralization, salt damage, and the like, and questions have been raised about the durability of the structure.
[0003]
As a method for repairing such a deteriorated concrete structure, a repair method using an electrochemical technique is disclosed (JP-A-1-176287, JP-A-2-302384).
In these methods, an adhesive coating material composed of an electrolyte solution and cellulose fibers is temporarily coated on the surface of the concrete, and an electrode is embedded in the coated coating material, and the reinforcing bar inside the concrete and the electrode are embedded. In the method of repairing concrete, a chloride current migrates from the inside of the concrete toward the electrode to remove it from the concrete, and then removes the electrode and the coating material. There is a method of recovering neutralization by adhering an adhesive coating material made of cellulose fiber and an alkaline solution to the concrete surface and allowing the alkaline solution to penetrate into the concrete using electroosmosis.
[0004]
However, in these methods, the cellulose fiber and the electrolyte solution are sprayed to coat the electrode installed on the concrete surface, so that the scattering of the cellulose fiber around the spraying operation occurs and the surrounding environment is polluted. There were problems such as.
In addition, since an alkaline solution is usually used as the electrolyte solution, the solution scatters when sprayed, which not only pollutes the surrounding environment, but also causes problems such as contact with the eyes and skin of workers. It was.
[0005]
As a result of various studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has solved the above-mentioned problems by adopting a specific method, and sufficiently performed an electrochemical process such as a repair process for a concrete structure. Obtained knowledge was obtained and the present invention was completed.
[0006]
[Means for solving problems]
That is, the present invention uses an electrode installed on a concrete surface as an external electrode, a steel material inside the concrete as an internal electrode, and contains an electrolyte solution on the concrete surface including the external electrode and / or the concrete surface between the external electrodes. A certain amount of electrolyte is applied to the concrete surface so that the concrete surface is not dried by installing an electrolyte solution holding material made of non-woven fabric subjected to hydrophilic treatment and / or hydrophilic treatment of fibers or filaments having low hydrophilicity. A method for electrochemical treatment of concrete, comprising supplying an electrolyte solution by flowing a solution and flowing a current of 0.5 to 10 A / m 2 per concrete surface area between the external electrodes and / or between the external electrodes and the internal electrodes It is.
[0007]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0008]
Inside the hardened concrete, a saturated calcium hydroxide aqueous solution is sufficiently present as pore water.
Therefore, when a current is passed through the concrete, the pore water acts as an electrolyte solution, and a current according to the resistance of the concrete itself flows.
However, since the current hardly flows when the concrete surface is dry, in the present invention, an electrolyte solution is supplied to the concrete surface.
[0009]
The electrolyte solution is a solution used to lower the electrical resistance value of concrete and make it easier to flow electricity by penetrating into the concrete. It is a solution containing positive ions and negative ions in the solution. is there.
[0010]
In the present invention, as a means for supplying the electrolyte solution to the concrete surface, an electrolyte solution holding material made of a non-woven fabric obtained by subjecting the concrete surface to hydrophilic treatment is installed to hold the electrolyte solution and supply it to the concrete surface.
[0012]
Here, the nonwoven fabric is made by laminating, irregularly arranging, or tangling fibers and filaments such as natural fibers or synthetic fibers, which are raw materials, with adhesives, heating, sewing, etc. The dough is excellent in holding the electrolyte solution. One example is felt.
[0013]
Here, as the material of the fiber or filament, inorganic fiber, organic fiber, metallic fiber, and the like can be considered. However, it is preferable to use a highly hydrophilic fiber such as a natural fiber such as cotton.
In addition, fibers and filaments having low hydrophilicity can be used by applying a hydrophilic treatment.
Examples of the low hydrophilic fibers and filaments include polyester, polyester viscose, polypropylene, nylon, acrylic, rayon, stainless steel, and aramid.
[0014]
Here, as a preferred hydrophilic treatment method, (1) an ethanol treatment method in which a 1 to 10% ethanol aqueous solution is treated at room temperature for 24 to 48 hours, (2) sodium carbonate or caustic soda having a solution concentration of 5 to 10%, etc. Alkali degreasing treatment method wherein alkaline degreasing agent is treated at room temperature for 24 hours or more and at 40 to 80 ° C. for 3 to 4 hours, and (3) 0.3 to 2.0% concentration of, for example, carboxylate, sulfate, sulfone Preferred is a surfactant treatment method in which an anionic surfactant such as an acid salt and a phosphate ester salt is treated at room temperature for 1 to 2 hours. In particular, the surfactant treatment method can be drunk with ethanol in a short time. It is preferable without risk of being attacked by alkali.
[0015]
As the shape of the nonwoven fabric, either a roll shape or a molded body can be used.
When the roll-shaped non-woven fabric is installed on the concrete surface, it can be laid on the concrete surface only by fixing a part thereof, or can be hung down, and can be pressed with a wooden board or the like.
Further, the non-woven fabric of the molded body can be used simply by fixing a part thereof, and can be pressed down with a wooden board or the like.
Furthermore, since the nonwoven fabric is flexible, it can be adhered to curved concrete or uneven concrete surfaces.
[0016]
The magnitude | size and shape of a nonwoven fabric are not restrict | limited in particular, The magnitude | size and shape according to the objective and work procedure can be used.
[0017]
Next, the external electrode installed on the surface of the concrete will be described.
[0018]
The external electrode is usually temporarily provided when the concrete is subjected to electrochemical treatment, and generally has a positive (plus) side, so that there is a tendency for an electrical corrosive action.
[0019]
In the present invention, since a current is passed for a relatively short period of time, it is possible to use an ordinary reinforcing bar or a wire mesh as an external electrode. However, considering effective use and reuse of resources, resistance to electrical corrosion is considered. It is preferable to use one having high properties.
Specifically, titanium, titanium alloy, platinum or the like or a metal plated with them, carbonaceous material such as carbon fiber or carbon rod, and conductivity having a volume resistivity of 10 3 Ω · cm or less Organic polymers and the like. Of these, titanium and platinum are preferable because they are stable against electrical corrosion. Carbon and organic polymers are also almost stable.
In addition, since the volume electrical resistivity of ordinary concrete is about 10 3 to 10 4 Ω · cm, the organic polymer having conductivity is preferably less than that value, that is, 10 3 Ω · cm or less, 10 2 Ω · cm or less is more preferable, and 10 Ω · cm or less is most preferable.
The external electrode may be fixed in advance in the nonwoven fabric. In this case, the labor of installing the electrode on the concrete surface can be saved, which is useful for labor saving.
[0020]
Incidentally, concrete in the present invention - value of the current flowing in TMG, co Nkuri - there needs to be current bets surface area per 0.5~10A / m 2.
[0021]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described based on examples.
[0022]
Example 1
The electrolyte solution holding material is a non-woven fabric containing titanium mesh on the concrete surface. Temporary as non-woven fabric A.
Nonwoven fabric A was sandwiched between 25 mm square bars at the top and bottom of the concrete wall, and the square bars were fixed with plastic anchors.
Next, a holed pipe for water absorption is installed on the lower surface of the square bar installed on the upper part of the concrete wall, a pH 12 calcium hydroxide solution is poured as an electrolyte solution, and a certain amount of electrolyte solution is supplied to the nonwoven fabric A. To make it easier for electricity to flow into concrete.
A desalting treatment was performed by supplying a direct current of 1.0 A / m 2 to this for 4 weeks.
After 4 weeks, the non-woven fabric A and the external electrode as the electrolyte solution holding material on the concrete surface were removed, the concrete was cored, and the amount of salt contained therein was measured. What was 4.5 kg / m 3 was confirmed to be 0.4 kg / m 3 , decreasing to 10% or less, and it was clear that the concrete reforming could be performed without delay.
Furthermore, the use of the nonwoven fabric A did not cause accidents such as contamination of the surrounding environment and injury of workers.
[0023]
<Materials used>
Non-woven fabric A: Japan felt Industry Co., Ltd. trade name "needle felt GT" (material polyester) those treated for 24 hours at a concentration of 2% ethanol.
External electrode: Titanium mesh, product name "Elgard Mesh # 210" manufactured by Eltech Asia Service
[0024]
<Measurement method>
Salinity: Potential difference using a chloride ion-selective electrode in “8. Determination of total salinity” in “Analysis method of salinity in hardened concrete” (JCI-SC4), Japan Concrete Institute Conforms to “Titration Method” [0025]
Example 2
The same procedure as in Example 1 was conducted, except that a nonwoven sheet-like molded body having a diameter of 6 mm and a wire mesh with a spacing of 10 cm was temporarily placed on the concrete surface as nonwoven fabric B and a current of 2.0 A / m 2 was passed. .
As a result, it was confirmed that the amount of salt in the concrete was 5.2 kg / m 3 before the treatment, but it was reduced to 0.5 kg / m 3 and below 10%. It was clear that it was obtained.
[0026]
<Materials used>
Non-woven fabric B: Plate-shaped product, 1 × 2 × 0.02m in thickness, the first layer is a polyester nonwoven fabric, Unicel's product name “Lampus P-200TKW” treated with 0.5% carboxylate for 1 hour, The second layer is a wire mesh, the third layer is an acrylic felt, and the product name “Needle Felt GA” manufactured by Nippon Felt Kogyo Co., Ltd. is treated with 1.0% sulfate ester salt for 2 hours. [0027]
Comparative Example 1
The same wire mesh used in Example 2 was fixed to the concrete surface with a plastic anchor, and then a calcium hydroxide solution of pH 12 and cellulose fiber were sprayed thereon, and an electrolyte solution incorporating an external electrode A holding material was formed.
In the spraying work, the calcium hydroxide solution and the cellulose fiber were splattered around the target reinforced concrete wall, and the cleaning work after the spraying was difficult. In addition, since the spraying operation took a long time, the worker was exposed to an alkaline atmosphere for a long time, and the skin of hands and feet was damaged by an alkaline solution.
[0028]
Example 3
As electrolyte solution holding material, it carried out similarly to Example 1 except having performed the hydrophilic process of the nonwoven fabric of various materials as shown in Table 1, and measuring the water absorption, water retention, and electricity supply state. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[0029]
<Materials used>
Polyester: Product name "Needle Felt GT" manufactured by Nippon Felt Kogyo Co., Ltd.
Nylon: Product name "Needle Felt GN" manufactured by Nippon Felt Kogyo Co., Ltd.
Acrylic: Product name “Needle Felt GA” manufactured by Nippon Felt Kogyo Co., Ltd.
Stainless steel: Nippon Felt Kogyo Co., Ltd. “Needle Felt GS”
Kevlar: Product name "Needle Felt GK" manufactured by Nippon Felt Kogyo Co., Ltd.
Ethanol: Reagent primary sodium carbonate manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd .: Reagent primary carboxylate salt manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd .: Sodium stearate, phosphate ester manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd .: Triphenyl phosphate, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. First grade reagent [0030]
<Measurement method>
Water absorption: A container filled with tap water is allowed to stand, and when the surface of the water becomes horizontal, the electrolyte solution holding material is gently put into a depth of 1 cm, and it is gently waited for tap water to be sucked up. After putting the electrolyte solution holding material in the tap water, measure the height from the water surface where the tap water was sucked up 1 hour later, so that even if there are some unevenness on the concrete surface, it will not be affected by the unevenness Therefore, the suction height of less than 2.5 mm was indicated as x, 2.5 mm or more as Δ, 5 mm or more as ◯, and 10 mm or more as ◎.
Water retention: After sufficient water is contained in the electrolyte solution holding material of length 50 × width 5 × thickness 1 cm, it is placed on a stainless steel plate with an inclination angle of 45 ° and waits for water to drip. One hour later, the length of water contained in the electrolyte solution holding material was measured from the lower end of the electrolyte solution holding material. The criteria for determining the water retention were as follows: water having a length of less than 5 cm, x having a length of 5 cm or more, ◯, having a water length of 10 cm or more, and ◎ having a length of 20 cm or more.
Energized state: Judgment based on the processing voltage when 24 hours have elapsed after the start of energization. The processing voltage is less than 30V, ◎, 30V or more is ◯, 35V or more is △, and 40V or more is marked x because there is a risk of death.
[0031]
[Table 1]
[0032]
Example 4
The test was conducted using a reinforcing bar concrete wall having a height of 1 × width of 5 × thickness of 0.3 m.
The neutralization depth of this concrete wall was about 35 mm from the surface before processing.
A non-woven fabric of non-woven fabric A containing a reinforcing bar mesh is used as an electrolyte solution holding material on both sides of the concrete surface, and an alkaline aqueous solution mainly composed of lithium carbonate and sodium carbonate is flowed as an electrolyte solution, and a direct current of 0.8 A / m 2 is obtained. The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that a re-alkalizing treatment was performed to restore the pH of the concrete by passing an electric current for 1 week.
After one week, the electrode on the concrete surface was removed, the concrete was cored, and a 1% phenolphthalein solution was sprayed on it, and the neutralization depth of the concrete was measured. As a result, it was confirmed that there was no neutralized portion and that the concrete could be realkalized.
In addition, the use of non-woven fabric did not cause accidents such as contamination of the surrounding environment or injury to workers.
[0033]
<Materials used>
Reinforcing bar mesh: Wire mesh lithium carbonate with φ3mm reinforcing bar welded at 100mm vertical and horizontal intervals: First grade reagent manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, when direct current is passed through the concrete surface and / or concrete, when the concrete is modified, the effect of the modification is sufficiently brought out, and the danger during work and the adverse effect on the surrounding environment are reduced. can do.
Moreover, in this invention, it becomes possible to attach an external electrode very simply by using a nonwoven fabric and / or felt.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11304594A JP3797677B2 (en) | 1994-05-26 | 1994-05-26 | Method for electrochemical treatment of concrete |
| TW084104829A TW374804B (en) | 1994-05-26 | 1995-05-16 | A method for electrochemically treating concrete |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11304594A JP3797677B2 (en) | 1994-05-26 | 1994-05-26 | Method for electrochemical treatment of concrete |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH07315959A JPH07315959A (en) | 1995-12-05 |
| JP3797677B2 true JP3797677B2 (en) | 2006-07-19 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11304594A Expired - Fee Related JP3797677B2 (en) | 1994-05-26 | 1994-05-26 | Method for electrochemical treatment of concrete |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| JP (1) | JP3797677B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016156134A (en) * | 2015-02-23 | 2016-09-01 | フクビ化学工業株式会社 | Foundation structure of building, and termite prevention treatment method for the same |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU7138200A (en) | 1999-07-22 | 2001-02-13 | Infrastructure Repair Technologies, Inc. | Method of treating corrosion in reinforced concrete structures by providing a uniform surface potential |
| JP4791765B2 (en) * | 2005-05-30 | 2011-10-12 | 株式会社富士ピー・エス | Desalination method for concrete structures |
| JP4772642B2 (en) * | 2006-10-20 | 2011-09-14 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Electrochemical treatment of concrete floor slabs on asphalt paved roads |
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1994
- 1994-05-26 JP JP11304594A patent/JP3797677B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016156134A (en) * | 2015-02-23 | 2016-09-01 | フクビ化学工業株式会社 | Foundation structure of building, and termite prevention treatment method for the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH07315959A (en) | 1995-12-05 |
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