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JP3812443B2 - Plastic deformation detector - Google Patents
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JP3812443B2 - Plastic deformation detector - Google Patents

Plastic deformation detector Download PDF

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JP3812443B2
JP3812443B2 JP2002006648A JP2002006648A JP3812443B2 JP 3812443 B2 JP3812443 B2 JP 3812443B2 JP 2002006648 A JP2002006648 A JP 2002006648A JP 2002006648 A JP2002006648 A JP 2002006648A JP 3812443 B2 JP3812443 B2 JP 3812443B2
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Prior art keywords
plastic deformation
molten material
state
thermal fuse
fireproof coating
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JP2003207471A (en
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充 中村
浩一 杉本
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Obayashi Corp
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Obayashi Corp
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  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
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  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、鉄骨造建物の鉄骨部材に塑性変形が生じたことを検出する塑性変形検出器に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
図12に鉄骨造建物3の側面視の概念図を示すが、一般に鉄骨造建物3は、適宜間隔を隔てて配置された鉄骨製の柱部材5,5…と梁部材7,7…とからなるラーメン構造の主架構を備えている。そして、この主架構は、柱部材5と梁部材7とを剛接合して応力を伝達させることによって、地震や強風による水平力に抵抗するようになっている。一方、大地震等により前記抵抗限界を超える水平力が作用した場合には、前記梁部材7の端部9を塑性変形させて地震エネルギーを吸収し、もって建物3の完全倒壊を防ぐようになっている。
【0003】
但し、この梁端部9は一旦塑性変形し塑性ヒンジとなってしまうと、再び地震エネルギーを吸収することはできない。このため、大きな地震発生後には、必ず梁端部9表面を検査者が目視検査して塑性変形の有無および変形の程度を調べ、許容値を超えている場合には当該梁端部9を補修若しくは交換して、建物3の構造健全性を維持している。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、一般に鉄骨製梁部材7は耐火被覆や内装材で覆われているため、前記目視検査の際には、この耐火被覆等を除去しなければならず、多大な手間やコストがかかっていた。
【0005】
本発明はかかる従来の課題に鑑みて成されたもので、鉄骨部材の耐火被覆等を除去することなく、鉄骨部材の塑性変形の発生を検査者に認知させることができる塑性変形検出器を提供することを目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
かかる目的を達成するために請求項1に示す発明は、耐火被覆された鉄骨部材に塑性変形が生じたことを、該変形に伴う発熱から検出する塑性変形検出器であって、前記発熱を伝達可能に前記鉄骨部材に密着若しくは近接配置されるとともに、前記耐火被覆の外に出力端を有する温度ヒューズを備え、該温度ヒューズは、所期温度にて不可逆的に状態変化する一方、該状態変化信号を前記出力端へ伝達し、前記温度ヒューズは、前記発熱を伝達可能に前記鉄骨部材に密着若しくは近接配置された所期融点の溶融材と、融点未満温度の前記溶融材に、前記鉄骨部材の耐火被覆を貫通して吊下された重錘部材とを備え、前記塑性変形の発生を、前記状態変化信号としての重錘部材の落下により報知することを特徴とする。
【0010】
上記請求項1に示す発明によれば、塑性変形による鉄骨部材の発熱が溶融材へ伝達されて、溶融材温度が融点に達すると溶融材は溶融する。すると、溶融材は重錘部材を吊下支持しきれずに、重錘部材は耐火被覆の外へ落下する。よって、検査者は、この落下を認知することにより、耐火被覆を剥がさずに前記塑性変形の発生を知ることができる。
また、一旦重錘部材が落下すれば、重錘部材はこの状態で存置されるので、検査者は塑性変形発生の事実を、前記落下以降の何時においても知ることができる。
【0013】
請求項2に示す発明は、耐火被覆された鉄骨部材に塑性変形が生じたことを、該変形に伴う発熱から検出する塑性変形検出器であって、前記発熱を伝達可能に前記鉄骨部材に密着若しくは近接配置されるとともに、前記耐火被覆の外に出力端を有する温度ヒューズを備え、該温度ヒューズは、所期温度にて不可逆的に状態変化する一方、該状態変化信号を前記出力端へ伝達し、前記温度ヒューズは、所期融点の溶融材と、該溶融材の溶融によって不可逆的に開動作若しくは閉動作する一対の電気接点とを備え、該電気接点に接続されて、前記状態変化信号たる前記電気接点の導通状態の変化を電磁波信号に変換して発信する発信器が、前記温度ヒューズと共に前記耐火被覆内に埋設される一方、該耐火被覆の外から、前記出力端としての受信器によって前記電磁波信号を受信することを特徴とする。
【0014】
上記請求項2に示す発明によれば、塑性変形による鉄骨部材の発熱が溶融材へ伝達されて、溶融材温度が融点に達すると溶融材は溶融する。すると、この溶融に伴い、前記電気接点が不可逆的に開き非導通状態となるか若しくは不可逆的に閉じて導通状態となる。この導通状態の変化は、温度ヒューズに接続された発信器によって電磁波信号に変換されて耐火被覆の外へと送信される。そして、この電磁波信号は、耐火被覆の外にある受信器にて受信され、もって検査者は塑性変形の発生を知ることができる。この時、前記状態変化信号は電磁波信号により耐火被覆を通って送信されるので、検査者は耐火被覆を剥がさずに、前記導通状態の変化を知ることができる。
また、前記導線に類する温度ヒューズからの延長物を無くせる若しくは短くできて、温度ヒューズを完全に耐火被覆内に収めることができる。
更には、前記電気接点は不可逆的に開動作若しくは閉動作するので、当該動作後の電気接点は動作後の状態を存置し、前記受信器は当該状態を検知し続ける。よって、検査者は、塑性変形発生の事実を、前記動作後の何時においても知ることができる。
【0015】
請求項3に示す発明は、請求項2に記載の塑性変形検出器おいて、前記溶融材は、融点未満温度にて、閉方向に付勢された一対の電気接点間に挟まれて、該電気接点を開状態に保持することを特徴とする。
【0016】
上記請求項3に示す発明によれば、塑性変形による鉄骨部材の発熱が溶融材に伝達されて、溶融材温度が融点に達すると溶融材は溶融する。すると、この溶融材は、電気接点を非導通状態たる開状態に保持しきれずに、当該電気接点は前記付勢方向へ閉動作する結果、導通状態となる。よって、この電気接点の導通状態の変化を前記導通検知手段若しくは前記受信器にて検知して、検査者は前記塑性変形の発生を知ることができる。
【0017】
請求項4に示す発明は、請求項2に記載の塑性変形検出器おいて、前記溶融材は、融点未満温度にて、開方向に付勢された一対の電気接点を閉状態に保持することを特徴とする。
【0018】
上記請求項4に示す発明によれば、塑性変形による鉄骨部材の発熱が溶融材に伝達されて、溶融材温度が融点に達すると溶融材は溶融する。すると、この溶融材は、電気接点を導通状態たる閉状態に保持しきれずに、当該電気接点は前記付勢方向へ開動作する結果、非導通状態となる。よって、この電気接点の導通状態の変化を前記導通検知手段若しくは前記受信器にて検知して、検査者は前記塑性変形の発生を知ることができる。
【0019】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明に係る実施形態を添付図面を参照して詳細に説明する。
本発明の塑性変形検出器が適用される鉄骨造の建物は、図12に示すように、鉄骨製柱部材5,5…に、鉄骨製梁部材7,7…の両端を剛接合したラーメン構造からなる。この梁部材7の両端部は、梁端部材9を介して前記柱部材5に剛接合されており、地震による水平力が建物3の水平保有耐力を超える場合には、当該梁端部材9に塑性変形させて地震エネルギーを吸収し、もって建物3の完全倒壊を防ぐようになっている。
【0020】
図13に、図12中のXIII部を拡大して示すが、前記梁部材7は上下フランジ7a,7bを備えたH形鋼であり、これに突き合わされる梁端部材9も同形のH形鋼である。但し、この梁端部材9は前記梁部材7よりも早期降伏するように部材断面が設定されているのが通常である。例えば梁端部材9の上下フランジ7a,7bの長手方向の一部には、フランジ幅が狭幅の断面積減少部が設定されている。
【0021】
一方、前記柱部材5には、その外周に上下一対の平面視矩形状ダイアフラム5a,5bが形成されている。そして、この上下のダイアフラム5a,5bに前記梁端部材9の一方の小口端面の上下フランジ9a,9bが突き合わされて溶接固定されるとともに、他方の小口端面は前記梁部材7の小口端面に突き合わされて継手鋼板8により接合され、もって梁端部材9を介して柱部材5に梁部材7が剛接合されている。
尚、これら柱梁部材5,7は、火災時の温度上昇を防ぐべく、ロックウールや珪酸カルシウム板等を原料とする耐火被覆(図示無し)により覆われている。
【0022】
本発明の塑性変形検出器は、前記梁端部材9の塑性変形を検出すべく当該梁端部材9に設置される。尚、梁端部材9が前述したようなH形鋼の場合には、その下フランジ9b下面に設置するのが望ましい。これは、前記塑性変形時には、上下フランジ9a,9bに塑性歪みが集中して温度上昇し易く塑性変形を検出し易いためであるのと、上フランジ9a上面には通常床スラブ(図示無し)が取り付けられていて前記塑性変形検出器を取り付け難いためである。
【0023】
図1に、本第1実施形態の塑性変形検出器11の縦断面図を示す。この塑性変形検出器11は、所期温度にて不可逆的に状態変化する温度ヒューズを備え、この温度ヒューズは、被検査対象の梁端部材9の下フランジ9b下面に密着配置される。そして、この温度ヒューズの出力端は、前記梁端部材9の耐火被覆10の外に取り出されており、この出力端には、温度ヒューズの前記状態変化信号が出力される。よって、耐火被覆10を剥がさずとも、前記出力端の前記信号を見れば検査者は塑性変形の発生を一見して認知することができる。
【0024】
ここで、本第1実施形態の塑性変形検出器11について具体的に説明する。本第1実施形態の塑性変形検出器11は、以下の構成の温度ヒューズである。
この温度ヒューズは、概ね梁端部材9とともに耐火被覆10内に埋設されるものであり、被検査対象たる前記下フランジ9b下面に密着された融点未満温度の溶融材13と、この溶融材13に、前記耐火被覆10を貫通して吊下された重錘部材15とから主に構成される。そして、前記状態変化信号としての重錘部材15の落下により、前記塑性変形の発生を報知するようになっている。
【0025】
前記溶融材13は、前記下フランジ9b下面に密着されていて、梁端部材9の塑性変形に伴う発熱が当該溶融材13へと速やかに伝達されるようになっている。また、この密着を確実なものとすべく、前記溶融材13は、下フランジ9b下面に固定された後記溶融材ケーシング17により支持されている。
【0026】
この溶融材13としては、60〜80℃で溶融する材料が望ましい。この理由は、大地震に相当する塑性変形を受けた鉄骨造柱梁仕口部は、そのフランジ9b表面において最大で約50℃の温度上昇が見られる一方、当該フランジ9b表面の平常温度は10℃〜30℃であることから、前記塑性変形時には前記フランジ9b表面温度は60〜80℃に達すると想定されるためである。
【0027】
この温度範囲で溶融する物質としては、ナフタレン(融点:80℃)・パラフィンワックス(融点:47〜75℃)・キャンデリラワックス(植物系)(融点:66〜71℃)・ナイロン(47−49℃:転移点)・ポリエチレンテレフタレート(68℃:転移点)・ポリメタクリル酸メチル(68℃:転移点)等が挙げられる。
【0028】
尚、前記溶融材13への熱伝達の観点からは、溶融材13を下フランジ9b下面に直に接触させるのが望ましいが、輻射熱伝達等により溶融材13へと伝熱する場合には必ずしも接触させる必要はない。
【0029】
また、溶融材13の分量は、その固化状態、すなわち溶融材13の融点未満温度において、後記重錘部材15を吊下できるだけの分量があれば十分であり、例えば後記重錘15aが数cm径の金属球であるならば、数グラム程度で十分である。
【0030】
前記重錘部材15は、球状の重錘15aと、この重錘15aを吊下する重錘懸架線15bとからなる。この重錘懸架線15bは、ピアノ線等の耐火性能を有する鋼線である。そして、その上端が前記溶融材13中に埋設される一方、その下端は耐火被覆10を貫通して耐火被覆10下面から下方へ突出し、当該下端に前記重錘15aが溶接等により固定されている。
【0031】
この重錘懸架線15bを前記溶融材13中に埋設する方法としては、溶融状態の溶融材13に前記懸架線15bを存置させた後、温度を下げて溶融材13を固化させて、常温(非溶融状態)において溶融材13と懸架線15bとが十分に接合されるようにすれば良い。
【0032】
そして、この温度ヒューズを設置後に、この溶融材13が温度上昇して溶融した際には、下端の重錘15aの重量にて懸架線15b上端が溶融材13中から引き抜かれ、もって重錘15aが落下するようになっている。
【0033】
尚、この落下を円滑にすべく、重錘懸架線15bは、図示のような重錘懸架線ガイドチューブ19内に挿抜自在に通されて、前記耐火被覆10を貫通するようになっているのが望ましい。このガイドチューブ19は、その上端開口を後記溶融材ケーシング17の通し孔17aに一致させつつ当該溶融材ケーシング17に溶接固定されている。また、このガイドチューブ19の素材は、耐火被覆10に要求されるのと同等の耐火性能を有するものが好ましく、例えばグラスファイバーチューブなどが適用可能である。チューブ太さは、重錘懸架線15bの通過を妨げない範囲でなるべく細いことが望ましい。
【0034】
前記溶融材ケーシング17は、前述したように下フランジ9b下面から溶融材13が脱落しないようにこれを支持するものであり、上面が開口した鉄製の箱である。そして、この上端縁には鍔状のフランジ部17bが設けられ、前記溶融材13を溶融材ケーシング17の底板17c上に支持した状態にて、前記フランジ部17bが下フランジ9b下面に溶接若しくはボルト止め固定される。また、この底板17cには、前述したように重錘懸架線15bの通し孔17aが形成されている。この溶融材ケーシング17の素材としては、前記溶融材13の溶融温度に十分耐えられる材料で、かつ被検査対象となる下フランジ9b下面に容易に取り付けられるものであれは良く、例えば前記鉄のような金属製が好ましい。
【0035】
尚、図示の如く、梁端部材9の下方に、内装材として天井板6が配される場合には、この天井板6における重錘15a直下の部分には、重錘15aの落下確認用の貫通孔6aを形成するとともに、この重錘15aを収容する有蓋筒状の重錘ケーシング18を固着するのが望ましい。この重錘ケーシング18は、落下した重錘15aが、落下後他の場所に移動しないように拘束して、確実に前記確認用貫通孔6aから目視確認可能にするものである。尚、前記重錘ケーシング18の蓋部18aには、重錘懸架線15bの通し孔が形成されているのは言うまでもない。
【0036】
また、この重錘ケーシング18を備える構成にあっては、前記重錘懸架線15bの一部をバネ定数の低い低剛性部(例えば、コイルバネ)15cに形成しておき、前記懸架線15bに過大な引張力が作用した際には柔軟に伸長して引張力を吸収できるようにしておくのが望ましい。これは、地震時において、前記梁端部材9と前記重錘ケーシング18が固定された天井板6との間に水平又は上下方向の相対変形が生じると、重錘15aが重錘ケーシング18に引っ張られて前記懸架線15bに過大な引張力が作用し、当該懸架線15bの破断若しくは溶融材13からの抜け落ちを起こす虞があるためである。
【0037】
図2は、第2実施形態の塑性変形検出器の縦断面図を示し、図3(a)は図2中のIII−III線矢視の説明図である。図3(b)は、図3(a)と同じ線矢視の説明図であって、図3(a)に示す開状態の電気接点が閉状態となった様子を示す。尚、前記第1実施形態と同一構成部分には同一符号を付して重複する説明は省略する。
【0038】
本第2実施形態の塑性変形検出器21は、一対の電気接点23a,23bを有して梁端部材9に設置される温度ヒューズと、前記電気接点23a,23bのそれぞれに一端が接続される一対の導線25a,25bと、これら一対の導線25a,25bの各他端に接続されて前記電気接点23a,23bの導通状態を検出する導通検知手段27とから構成される。
【0039】
この温度ヒューズは、前記梁端部材9の下フランジ9b下面に密着された溶融材13と、融点未満温度の前記溶融材13を挟んで開状態に保持された一対の電気接点23a,23bとからなる。そして、梁端部材9の塑性変形発熱によって溶融材13が溶けて、図3(b)に示すように前記電気接点23a,23bが閉じて導通状態になると、この導通たる状態変化信号を前記導通検知手段としての電導度テスター27が検知して、前記塑性変形の発生を検査者に報知するようになっている。
【0040】
前記溶融材13は、図2に示すように、第1実施形態とほぼ同様の構成である。すなわち、この溶融材13は、梁端部材9の下フランジ9b下面に密着される一方、この下面からの脱落防止として前記溶融材ケーシング17により支持されており、このような状態にて耐火被覆10内に埋設されている。但し、この第2実施形態にあっては、溶融材13の電気伝導度は小さいことが必要である。これは、溶融材13を前記電気接点23a,23bに挟んで開状態にすることにより非導通状態にしているためである。また、この溶融材13の分量は、後記電気接点23a,23bの閉方向の付勢力に抗して電気接点23a,23bを開放し続けることが可能な量で十分である。
【0041】
前記電気接点23a,23bは、洗濯ばさみ状スイッチ23における開閉する一対の腕部23a,23bである。そして、これら腕部23a,23bは、互いの絶縁を保ちつつスイッチ本体23cに開閉可能に支持される一方、前記スイッチ本体23cに設けられたコイルバネ24によって閉方向に付勢されている。そして、これら腕部23a,23b先端が接離することによって、導通若しくは非導通状態に切り換えることができる。尚、塑性変形の検出前においては、これら一対の腕部23a,23bは、前記融点未満温度の溶融材13を挟んで開状態に保持されている。
【0042】
また、これら腕部23a,23bのそれぞれには、前記導線25a,25bの一端が電気的に接続され、これら一対の導線25a,25bの他端は耐火被覆10の外へと引き出されている。そして、これら導線25a,25bの各他端は、電導度テスター27に接続されており、当該電導度テスター27により前記電気接点23a,23bの導通若しくは非導通状態を遠方から監視可能となっている。尚、前記導線25a,25bの各他端を常に電導度テスター27に接続しておく必要はなく、常時はコネクターのみを設け、検査時等必要に応じてコネクターに電導度テスター27を接続して導通検査を行うようにしても良い。
【0043】
図4は、前記第2実施形態の変形例を示す、図3と同じ線矢視の説明図である。尚、前記第2実施形態と同一構成部分には同一符号を付して重複する説明は省略する。
【0044】
前記第2実施形態では、塑性変形発熱に伴って溶融材13が溶融すると、開状態の一対の腕部23a,23bが閉じて塑性変形の発生を報知していたところ、本変形例はこれとは逆に、閉状態の腕部23a,23bが開いて報知する点で相違する。
【0045】
すなわち、一対の前記腕部23a,23bはコイルバネ24aによって開方向に付勢されている一方、前記腕部23a,23b先端を接触させたまま融点未満温度の溶融材13中に埋設されて、これにより電気接点23a,23bは閉状態に保持されている。そして、梁端部材9の塑性変形発熱に伴って溶融材13が溶融すると、前記腕部23a,23b先端が開いて非導通状態となり、この状態変化信号を前記電導度テスター27により検知して、前記塑性変形の発生を検査者に報知するようになっている。
【0046】
尚、前記第2実施形態の洗濯ばさみ状スイッチの温度ヒューズに代えて、図5の縦断面図にて示すような、導線の一部が熱にて溶断して電気回路を遮断する電気ヒューズ式を用いることもできる。
【0047】
この温度ヒューズは、図示のように、筒状のケース本体33と、このケース本体33に支持されつつ互いに所定間隔を隔てて配された一対のリード線35,36と、これらリード線35,36の各一端35a,36aに接合されて、リード線35,36を導通する線材状の可溶合金37とから構成される。そして、使用する場合には、梁端部材9の塑性変形発熱が伝わるように梁端部材9に密着させて前記温度ヒューズを配するとともに、この温度ヒューズから突出する前記両リード線の他端35b,36bに、それぞれ前記一対の導線25a,25bを介して前記電導度テスター27を接続する。
【0048】
前記発熱が温度ヒューズに伝わって前記可溶合金37が温度上昇し融点に達すると、この可溶合金37は溶融してリード線35,36は断線して非導通状態となり、もって梁端部材9の塑性変形を報知する。このような電気ヒューズ式の温度ヒューズとしては、例えば内橋エステック株式会社製の合金製温度ヒューズ等が挙げられる。
【0049】
尚、前記第1実施形態の塑性変形検出器11は、基本的に重錘15aの落下を目視することにより塑性変形の発生を認知可能とするものであったが、これを、前記第2実施形態のように電気接点の導通により認知可能とすることもできる。例えば、前記重錘15aを導体にて形成するとともに、この重錘15aの落下地点に一対の電気接点を配置し、落下した重錘15aによって前記電気接点が接続されて導通されるようにすれば良い。
【0050】
図6は、第3実施形態の塑性変形検出器の縦断面図を示し、図7(a)は図6中のVII−VII線矢視の説明図である。図7(b)は、図7(a)と同じ線矢視の説明図であって、図7(a)に示す閉状態の電気接点が開状態となった様子を示す。尚、前記第2実施形態の変形例と同一構成部分には同一符号を付して重複する説明は省略する。
【0051】
前記第2実施形態の変形例では、電気接点23a,23bと電導度テスター27とを導線25a,25bにて接続し、つまり有線により電気接点23a,23bの開閉信号を電導度テスター27へ伝達したところ、本第3実施形態の塑性変形検出器51は、前記電気接点23a,23bの開閉を電磁波信号55cに変換して耐火被覆10の外にある受信器53へと発信する点、つまり無線にて電気接点23a,23bの開閉信号を受信器53へ伝達する点で相違する。
【0052】
すなわち、前記温度ヒューズは、所期融点の溶融材13と、該溶融材13の溶融によって不可逆的に閉状態から開状態へ動作する一対の電気接点23a,23bと、前記状態変化信号たる前記電気接点23a,23bの非導通を電磁波信号55cに変換して発信する発信器55とを備える。また、前記耐火被覆10の外には、前記電磁波信号55cを受信するための前記出力端としての受信器53が配されている。
【0053】
この発信器55および受信器53には、図8に示すRFID(Radio Frequency Identification)タグシステムにおけるRFIDタグ55およびその送信器兼受信器53を適用することができる。前記RFIDタグ55は、無線コイル55aと、この無線コイル55aの両端子に一対の端子が各々結線されて一つの電気回路を形成するICチップ55bとから構成される。そして、外から特定周波数の信号53cが送信されると、その信号53cを無線コイル55aで捕らえてICチップ毎55bに個別に付与されたID(Identification)番号を電波55cで発信するようになっている。但し、前記電気回路が遮断すると、ICチップ55bは前記電波55cを発信しなくなる、つまり前記信号53cに対して応答しなくなる。
一方、前記送信器兼受信器53は、前記無線コイル55aへと前記信号53cを送信するとともに、その返信としての、ICチップ55bからの前記電波55cを受信するものである。
【0054】
本第3実施形態の塑性変形検出器51は、図7(a)に示すように、このRFIDタグ55における、無線コイル55aとICチップ55bとを繋ぐ一対の結線の一方に、前記第2実施形態の変形例に係る温度ヒューズが接続されて構成される。つまり、無線コイル55aとICチップ55bとは一方の結線にて接続されているが、他方の結線は外されている。そして、この外された結線のうちの無線コイル55a側の端子は、温度ヒューズの一方の電気接点23aに接続される一方、ICチップ55b側の端子は、他方の電気接点23bに接続されており、もって無線コイル55a、電気接点23a,23b、およびICチップ55bにより一つの電気回路が形成されている。
【0055】
そして、図示のように、温度ヒューズの溶融材13の溶融前は、電気接点23a,23bが閉じているため前記電気回路は導通していて、もって前記送信器兼受信器53からの信号53cに応答してICチップ55bは前記ID番号の電波55cを返信する。しかし、溶融材13が溶融すると、図7(b)に示すように、前記電気接点23a,23bは開いて前記電気回路は遮断されるため、前記送信器兼受信器53からの信号53cに対してICチップ55bは応答せず、つまり前記電波55cを返信しなくなる。よって、この電波55cの返信の有無によって、電気接点23a,23bの開閉を検知できて、もって塑性変形の発生を検査者に報知することができる。
【0056】
また、温度ヒューズが複数配されている場合には、温度ヒューズ毎に個別にID番号を付与しておけば、ICチップ55bから送信されるID番号の電波55cによって、どの温度ヒューズが閉状態なのかを識別することができる。
更には、このRFIDタグシステムを用いれば、前記第2実施形態の導線25a,25bに類する温度ヒューズからの延長物を短くできて、温度ヒューズを完全に耐火被覆13内に収めることができる。
【0057】
尚、このRFIDタグ55は、前記送信器兼受信器53の前記信号53cによって電力供給されて、その電力によりICチップ55bが動作するようになっている。つまり、前記信号53cは特定周波数の電磁波であり、これが無線コイル55aに到達すると、電磁誘導によって無線コイル55aに特定周波数の誘導電流が発生し、この誘導電流を電源としてICチップ55bが作動して電波55cを発信するようになっている。よって、RFIDタグ55内部には電池等の消耗部品を持たずに済むので、長期間に亘ってメンテナンスを要さず、もって温度ヒューズを耐火被覆13内に完全に収めた状態を長期間維持することが可能となる。
【0058】
尚、前記第3実施形態の温度ヒューズには、第2実施形態の変形例を適用したが、第2実施形態の温度ヒューズを適用できることは言うまでもない。
更には、このRFIDタグシステムを用いる第3実施形態にあっては、前記耐火被覆10には、電波55cを通す素材が用いられることは言うまでもない。
【0059】
ここで、前記第2実施形態の塑性変形検出器21を用いて、建物3に設置された全ての梁端部材9,9…の状態を一箇所で集中監視可能な集中監視システムについて説明する。
【0060】
図9にその概念図を示すが、建物3の一箇所に集中監視室3aが設けられ、この集中監視室3aにまで、各梁端部材9,9…に設けられた各温度ヒューズの一対の導線25a,25bがそれぞれに引き回されている。この集中監視室3aには、各温度ヒューズに対して一対一に対応させて前記電導度テスター27が設けられており、各温度ヒューズ毎に塑性変形の発生を検出可能となっている。尚、図9にあっては、図の錯綜を避けるべく、前記一対の導線25a,25bを一本の実線にて示している。
【0061】
尚、前記例示した集中監視システムにあっては、各温度ヒューズ毎に単独で電導度テスター27に接続して各温度ヒューズ毎に塑性変形の検出を可能にしたが、図10に示すように、全て若しくは複数の温度ヒューズ22,22…を、導線25cを介して直列接続して1つの導通した電気回路を形成し、この電気回路の非導通を1つの電導度テスター27で検出するようにしても良い。この構成によれば、直列接続された温度ヒューズ22,22…のうちの1つでも非導通状態になると、この非導通を電導度テスター27にて検出することができる。また、この構成によれば、複数の温度ヒューズ22,22…を直列接続するので、導線25c,25c…のトータル長を短くすることができて、システムを安価に構築することができる。
【0062】
また、図11に示すように、建物3の各階層毎にAD変換器43を設けて、このAD変換器43に、温度ヒューズの導通状態のアナログ信号を導線25a,25bを介して取り込んでデジタル信号に変換し、このデジタル信号を、構内LAN(local area network)や構内電話回線等の通信回線45を介して、この通信回線に接続された任意の端末コンピュータ47に送信して、これら端末コンピュータ画面上にて報知可能にしても良い。更には、前記デジタル信号を、インターネット等の通信回線を介して遠方の監視所に送信して当該監視所において報知可能にしても良い。尚、前記第2実施形態の塑性変形検出器21に代えて、前記第3実施形態のRFIDタグシステムを用いた塑性変形検出器51を適用して、その送信器兼受信器53を介して前記AD変換器43に前記ID番号を取り込むようにすれば、前記導線25a,25bを省略することができる。
【0063】
以上、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、本発明は、かかる実施形態に限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲で以下に示すような変形が可能である。
(a)本実施形態においては、温度ヒューズを被検査対象としての梁端部材に設置したが、塑性変形により発熱する鉄骨部材であればこれに限るものではなく、必要に応じて鉄骨製柱梁部材における任意の部分に設置することもできる。
(b)本実施形態においては、梁端部材につき1つの温度ヒューズを設置したが、温度ヒューズを、1つの梁端部材の所定範囲に亘って複数設置して、塑性変形の範囲を特定できるようにしても良い。その際、これら温度ヒューズに対して第3実施形態のRFIDタグシステムを適用すれば、温度ヒューズ毎に個別にID番号を付与することができるので、もってICチップから発信されるID番号によって、どの設置場所が塑性変形を起こしたのかを容易に識別することもできる。
【0064】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、請求項1乃至6に示す発明によれば、検査者は、耐火被覆を剥がさずに塑性変形の発生を知ることができるので、塑性変形の検査を、手間をかけずに安価に行うことができる。
また、検査者は、塑性変形発生の事実をいつでも知ることができるので、当該事実を確実に把握できて、建物の構造健全性評価の信頼性が向上する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る第1実施形態の塑性変形検出器の縦断面図である。
【図2】本発明に係る第2実施形態の塑性変形検出器の縦断面図である。
【図3】図3(a)は図2中のIII−III線矢視の説明図であり、図3(b)は、図3(a)と同じ線矢視の説明図であって、図3(a)に示す開状態の電気接点が閉状態となった様子を示す。
【図4】第2実施形態の変形例を示す、図3と同じ線矢視の説明図である。
【図5】第2実施形態の温度ヒューズの代わりに適用可能な電気ヒューズ式温度ヒューズの縦断面図である。
【図6】本発明に係る第3実施形態の塑性変形検出器の縦断面図である。
【図7】図7(a)は図6中のVII−VII線矢視の説明図であり、図7(b)は、図7(a)と同じ線矢視の説明図であって、図7(a)に示す閉状態の電気接点が開状態となった様子を示す。
【図8】RFIDタグシステムにおけるRFIDタグおよびその送信器兼受信器を示す概念図である。
【図9】建物の梁端部材の状態を一箇所で集中監視可能な集中監視システムの概念図である。
【図10】温度ヒューズを直列接続した配線例を示す概念図である。
【図11】デジタル信号の通信回線を用いた集中監視システムの概念図である。
【図12】鉄骨造建物の側面視の概念図である。
【図13】図12中のXIII部の拡大図である。
【符号の説明】
9 梁端部材(鉄骨部材)
9b 下フランジ(鉄骨部材)
10 耐火被覆
11 塑性変形検出器
13 溶融材
15 重錘部材
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a plastic deformation detector that detects that plastic deformation has occurred in a steel member of a steel structure building.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FIG. 12 shows a conceptual diagram of the steel building 3 in a side view. Generally, the steel building 3 is composed of steel column members 5, 5... And beam members 7, 7. It has a main frame with a ramen structure. And this main frame resists the horizontal force by an earthquake or a strong wind by rigidly joining the column member 5 and the beam member 7, and transmitting stress. On the other hand, when a horizontal force exceeding the resistance limit is applied due to a large earthquake or the like, the end 9 of the beam member 7 is plastically deformed to absorb the seismic energy, thereby preventing the building 3 from being completely collapsed. ing.
[0003]
However, once this beam end portion 9 is plastically deformed and becomes a plastic hinge, it cannot absorb the seismic energy again. Therefore, after the occurrence of a large earthquake, an inspector must always visually inspect the surface of the beam end 9 to check for the presence of plastic deformation and the degree of deformation. If the allowable value is exceeded, the beam end 9 is repaired. Or it replaces and the structural soundness of the building 3 is maintained.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, since the steel beam member 7 is generally covered with a fireproof coating or an interior material, the fireproof coating or the like must be removed at the time of the visual inspection, which takes a lot of labor and cost. .
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems, and provides a plastic deformation detector that allows an inspector to recognize the occurrence of plastic deformation of a steel member without removing the fireproof coating or the like of the steel member. The purpose is to do.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  In order to achieve this object, the invention shown in claim 1 is a plastic deformation detector for detecting that plastic deformation has occurred in a steel member coated with fireproofing from the heat generated by the deformation, and transmits the heat generation. The thermal fuse is disposed in close contact with or close to the steel member and has an output end outside the fireproof coating, and the thermal fuse changes its state irreversibly at an intended temperature. A signal is transmitted to the output end,The thermal fuse is suspended by penetrating through a fireproof coating of the steel member to a molten material having an intended melting point that is closely or closely arranged to the steel member so as to be able to transmit the heat generation, and the molten material having a temperature lower than the melting point. And the occurrence of the plastic deformation is notified by the fall of the weight member as the state change signal.
[0010]
  Claim 1 aboveAccording to the invention, the heat generation of the steel member due to plastic deformation is transmitted to the molten material, and the molten material melts when the molten material temperature reaches the melting point. Then, the molten material cannot suspend and support the weight member, and the weight member falls outside the fireproof coating. Therefore, the inspector can recognize the occurrence of the plastic deformation without removing the fireproof coating by recognizing the fall.
  Further, once the weight member falls, the weight member is left in this state, so that the inspector can know the fact that plastic deformation has occurred at any time after the dropping.
[0013]
  Claim 2The invention shown inA plastic deformation detector for detecting that plastic deformation has occurred in a fire-resistant coated steel member from heat generated by the deformation, and is disposed in close proximity to or in close proximity to the steel member so that the heat can be transmitted, A thermal fuse having an output terminal outside the fireproof coating, the thermal fuse irreversibly changes its state at an intended temperature, while transmitting the state change signal to the output terminal,The thermal fuse includes a melting material having an intended melting point and a pair of electrical contacts that are irreversibly opened or closed by melting the melting material, and are connected to the electrical contacts to provide the state change signal. A transmitter that converts a change in the conduction state of an electrical contact into an electromagnetic wave signal and transmits the electromagnetic signal is embedded in the fireproof coating together with the temperature fuse, while the receiver as the output terminal from the outside of the fireproof coating An electromagnetic wave signal is received.
[0014]
  the aboveClaim 2According to the invention shown in FIG. 4, when the heat of the steel member due to plastic deformation is transmitted to the molten material and the molten material temperature reaches the melting point, the molten material is melted. Then, with this melting, the electrical contact opens irreversibly and becomes non-conductive or closes irreversibly and becomes conductive. This change in the conduction state is converted into an electromagnetic wave signal by a transmitter connected to the thermal fuse and transmitted outside the fireproof coating. This electromagnetic wave signal is received by a receiver outside the fireproof coating, so that the inspector can know the occurrence of plastic deformation. At this time, since the state change signal is transmitted through the fireproof coating by an electromagnetic wave signal, the inspector can know the change in the conduction state without removing the fireproof coating.
  Further, the extension from the thermal fuse similar to the conductive wire can be eliminated or shortened, and the thermal fuse can be completely contained in the fireproof coating.
  Furthermore, since the electrical contact is irreversibly opened or closed, the electrical contact after the operation remains in the state after the operation, and the receiver continues to detect the state. Therefore, the inspector can know the fact that plastic deformation has occurred at any time after the operation.
[0015]
  Claim 3The invention shown inClaim 2In the described plastic deformation detector, the molten material is sandwiched between a pair of electrical contacts urged in a closing direction at a temperature lower than the melting point, and the electrical contacts are held in an open state. To do.
[0016]
  the aboveClaim 3According to the invention, the heat generation of the steel member due to plastic deformation is transmitted to the molten material, and the molten material melts when the molten material temperature reaches the melting point. Then, the molten material cannot keep the electrical contact in the open state, which is a non-conduction state, and the electrical contact is closed in the urging direction, resulting in a conduction state. Therefore, the change of the conduction state of the electrical contact is detected by the continuity detection means or the receiver, and the inspector can know the occurrence of the plastic deformation.
[0017]
  Claim 4The invention shown inClaim 2In the described plastic deformation detector, the molten material holds a pair of electrical contacts biased in the opening direction in a closed state at a temperature lower than the melting point.
[0018]
  the aboveClaim 4According to the invention, the heat generation of the steel member due to plastic deformation is transmitted to the molten material, and the molten material melts when the molten material temperature reaches the melting point. Then, the molten material cannot keep the electrical contact in the closed state, which is a conductive state, and the electrical contact is opened in the urging direction, resulting in a non-conductive state. Therefore, the change of the conduction state of the electrical contact is detected by the continuity detection means or the receiver, and the inspector can know the occurrence of the plastic deformation.
[0019]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 12, the steel building to which the plastic deformation detector of the present invention is applied is a rigid frame structure in which both ends of steel beam members 7, 7. Consists of. Both ends of the beam member 7 are rigidly joined to the column member 5 via the beam end member 9. When the horizontal force due to the earthquake exceeds the horizontal holding strength of the building 3, It is made to plastically absorb the seismic energy, thereby preventing the building 3 from being completely collapsed.
[0020]
FIG. 13 shows an XIII portion in FIG. 12 in an enlarged manner. The beam member 7 is an H-shaped steel provided with upper and lower flanges 7a and 7b, and a beam end member 9 abutted against this is also an H-shaped member having the same shape. It is steel. However, the beam end member 9 is usually set in a member cross section so as to yield earlier than the beam member 7. For example, in a part in the longitudinal direction of the upper and lower flanges 7a and 7b of the beam end member 9, a cross-sectional area decreasing portion having a narrow flange width is set.
[0021]
On the other hand, the column member 5 is formed with a pair of upper and lower rectangular diaphragms 5a and 5b in plan view on its outer periphery. The upper and lower diaphragms 5a and 5b are fixed to the upper and lower flanges 9a and 9b of the beam end member 9 by being brought into contact with each other and welded, and the other end surface of the other end protrudes into the end surface of the beam member 7. They are joined together and joined by a joint steel plate 8, and the beam member 7 is rigidly joined to the column member 5 via the beam end member 9.
These column beam members 5 and 7 are covered with a fireproof coating (not shown) made of rock wool, calcium silicate plate or the like as a raw material in order to prevent temperature rise at the time of fire.
[0022]
The plastic deformation detector of the present invention is installed on the beam end member 9 in order to detect plastic deformation of the beam end member 9. In addition, when the beam end member 9 is an H-shaped steel as described above, it is desirable to install it on the lower surface of the lower flange 9b. This is because, during the plastic deformation, plastic strain concentrates on the upper and lower flanges 9a and 9b, and the temperature rises easily, and plastic deformation is easily detected. This is because it is difficult to attach the plastic deformation detector.
[0023]
In FIG. 1, the longitudinal cross-sectional view of the plastic deformation detector 11 of this 1st Embodiment is shown. This plastic deformation detector 11 is provided with a temperature fuse whose state changes irreversibly at a predetermined temperature, and this temperature fuse is disposed in close contact with the lower surface of the lower flange 9b of the beam end member 9 to be inspected. The output end of the thermal fuse is taken out of the fireproof coating 10 of the beam end member 9, and the state change signal of the thermal fuse is output to the output end. Therefore, the inspector can recognize the occurrence of plastic deformation at a glance by looking at the signal at the output end without removing the fireproof coating 10.
[0024]
Here, the plastic deformation detector 11 of the first embodiment will be specifically described. The plastic deformation detector 11 of the first embodiment is a thermal fuse having the following configuration.
This thermal fuse is generally embedded in the fireproof coating 10 together with the beam end member 9, a molten material 13 having a temperature below the melting point closely adhered to the lower surface of the lower flange 9 b to be inspected, and the molten material 13 And a weight member 15 suspended through the fireproof coating 10. Then, the occurrence of the plastic deformation is notified by the falling of the weight member 15 as the state change signal.
[0025]
The molten material 13 is in close contact with the lower surface of the lower flange 9 b, and heat generated by plastic deformation of the beam end member 9 is quickly transmitted to the molten material 13. Further, in order to ensure this close contact, the molten material 13 is supported by a later-described molten material casing 17 fixed to the lower surface of the lower flange 9b.
[0026]
The melting material 13 is preferably a material that melts at 60 to 80 ° C. The reason for this is that the steel column beam joint subjected to plastic deformation corresponding to a large earthquake shows a temperature rise of about 50 ° C. at the maximum on the surface of the flange 9b, while the normal temperature of the surface of the flange 9b is 10%. This is because the surface temperature of the flange 9b is assumed to reach 60 to 80 ° C. at the time of the plastic deformation since it is from 30 ° C. to 30 ° C.
[0027]
Materials that melt in this temperature range include naphthalene (melting point: 80 ° C.), paraffin wax (melting point: 47-75 ° C.), candelilla wax (plant type) (melting point: 66-71 ° C.), nylon (47-49 ° C: transition point), polyethylene terephthalate (68 ° C: transition point), polymethyl methacrylate (68 ° C: transition point), and the like.
[0028]
From the viewpoint of heat transfer to the molten material 13, it is desirable that the molten material 13 is in direct contact with the lower surface of the lower flange 9b. However, when heat is transferred to the molten material 13 by radiant heat transfer or the like, the contact is not always necessary. There is no need to let them.
[0029]
The amount of the molten material 13 is sufficient if the weight member 15 can be suspended in the solidified state, that is, the temperature below the melting point of the molten material 13. If it is a metal sphere, a few grams is sufficient.
[0030]
The weight member 15 includes a spherical weight 15a and a weight suspension line 15b for suspending the weight 15a. The weight suspension wire 15b is a steel wire having fire resistance such as a piano wire. And while the upper end is embedded in the molten material 13, the lower end penetrates the fireproof coating 10 and projects downward from the lower surface of the fireproof coating 10, and the weight 15a is fixed to the lower end by welding or the like. .
[0031]
As a method of burying the weight suspension line 15b in the molten material 13, after the suspension line 15b is placed in the molten material 13 in a molten state, the temperature is lowered to solidify the molten material 13, and the normal temperature ( The molten material 13 and the suspension line 15b may be sufficiently joined in the non-molten state.
[0032]
When the molten material 13 is heated and melted after the thermal fuse is installed, the upper end of the suspension wire 15b is pulled out of the molten material 13 by the weight of the weight 15a at the lower end, and thus the weight 15a. Is supposed to fall.
[0033]
In addition, in order to make this fall smooth, the weight suspension line 15b is inserted in the weight suspension line guide tube 19 as shown in the figure so as to be freely inserted and removed, and penetrates the fireproof coating 10. Is desirable. The guide tube 19 is welded and fixed to the molten material casing 17 with its upper end opening being matched with a through hole 17a of the molten material casing 17 described later. Further, the material of the guide tube 19 is preferably one having fire resistance equivalent to that required for the fireproof coating 10, and for example, a glass fiber tube can be applied. It is desirable that the tube thickness is as thin as possible within a range that does not hinder the passage of the weight suspension line 15b.
[0034]
As described above, the molten material casing 17 supports the molten material 13 so that the molten material 13 does not fall off the lower surface of the lower flange 9b, and is an iron box having an open upper surface. The upper edge is provided with a flange-like flange portion 17b, and the flange portion 17b is welded or bolted to the lower surface of the lower flange 9b in a state where the molten material 13 is supported on the bottom plate 17c of the molten material casing 17. It is fixed. Further, as described above, the through hole 17a of the weight suspension line 15b is formed in the bottom plate 17c. The material of the molten material casing 17 may be any material that can sufficiently withstand the melting temperature of the molten material 13 and that can be easily attached to the lower surface of the lower flange 9b to be inspected, such as iron. The metal is preferably made.
[0035]
As shown in the figure, when the ceiling plate 6 is arranged as an interior material below the beam end member 9, a portion of the ceiling plate 6 immediately below the weight 15a is used for confirming the fall of the weight 15a. It is desirable to form a through-hole 6a and to fix a covered cylindrical weight casing 18 that accommodates the weight 15a. The weight casing 18 restrains the dropped weight 15a from moving to another place after dropping, and enables the visual confirmation from the confirmation through hole 6a. Needless to say, a through hole for the weight suspension line 15b is formed in the lid portion 18a of the weight casing 18.
[0036]
In the configuration including the weight casing 18, a part of the weight suspension line 15b is formed in a low-rigidity portion (for example, a coil spring) 15c having a low spring constant, and the suspension line 15b is excessively large. When a strong tensile force is applied, it is desirable that the tensile force is absorbed so that the tensile force can be absorbed. This is because when a horizontal or vertical relative deformation occurs between the beam end member 9 and the ceiling plate 6 to which the weight casing 18 is fixed during an earthquake, the weight 15a is pulled to the weight casing 18. This is because an excessive tensile force acts on the suspension line 15b, and the suspension line 15b may be broken or dropped from the molten material 13.
[0037]
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the plastic deformation detector according to the second embodiment, and FIG. 3 (a) is an explanatory view taken along line III-III in FIG. FIG. 3B is an explanatory view taken along the same line arrow as FIG. 3A, and shows a state in which the open electrical contact shown in FIG. 3A is closed. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same component as the said 1st Embodiment, and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.
[0038]
The plastic deformation detector 21 according to the second embodiment has a pair of electrical contacts 23a and 23b, one end of which is connected to each of the thermal fuses installed on the beam end member 9 and the electrical contacts 23a and 23b. A pair of conducting wires 25a, 25b and a conduction detecting means 27 that is connected to the other ends of the pair of conducting wires 25a, 25b and detects the conduction state of the electrical contacts 23a, 23b.
[0039]
The thermal fuse is composed of a molten material 13 closely attached to the lower surface of the lower flange 9b of the beam end member 9, and a pair of electrical contacts 23a and 23b held in an open state with the molten material 13 having a temperature lower than the melting point interposed therebetween. Become. When the molten material 13 is melted by the plastic deformation heat generation of the beam end member 9 and the electrical contacts 23a and 23b are closed and become conductive as shown in FIG. 3 (b), this conductive state change signal is transmitted to the conductive state. An electric conductivity tester 27 as a detecting means detects and notifies the inspector of the occurrence of the plastic deformation.
[0040]
As shown in FIG. 2, the molten material 13 has substantially the same configuration as that of the first embodiment. That is, the molten material 13 is in close contact with the lower surface of the lower flange 9b of the beam end member 9 and is supported by the molten material casing 17 as a prevention from falling off from the lower surface. It is buried inside. However, in the second embodiment, the electric conductivity of the molten material 13 needs to be small. This is because the molten material 13 is brought into a non-conductive state by being held between the electrical contacts 23a and 23b. Further, the amount of the molten material 13 is sufficient to be able to keep the electrical contacts 23a, 23b open against the biasing force in the closing direction of the electrical contacts 23a, 23b described later.
[0041]
The electrical contacts 23 a and 23 b are a pair of arms 23 a and 23 b that open and close in the clothespin-like switch 23. The arm portions 23a and 23b are supported by the switch body 23c so as to be openable and closable while maintaining mutual insulation, and are biased in a closing direction by a coil spring 24 provided on the switch body 23c. The arm portions 23a and 23b can be switched between a conductive state and a non-conductive state when the tips of the arm portions 23a and 23b are in contact with each other. Prior to the detection of plastic deformation, the pair of arm portions 23a and 23b are held open with the molten material 13 having a temperature lower than the melting point interposed therebetween.
[0042]
Further, one end of each of the conductors 25 a and 25 b is electrically connected to each of the arm portions 23 a and 23 b, and the other end of the pair of conductors 25 a and 25 b is drawn out of the fireproof coating 10. The other ends of the conductive wires 25a and 25b are connected to the conductivity tester 27, and the conductivity tester 27 can monitor the conduction or non-conduction state of the electrical contacts 23a and 23b from a distance. . It is not always necessary to connect the other ends of the conductors 25a and 25b to the conductivity tester 27, but only a connector is provided at all times, and the conductivity tester 27 is connected to the connector as necessary during inspection. A continuity test may be performed.
[0043]
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view taken along the line arrow shown in FIG. 3 and showing a modification of the second embodiment. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same component as the said 2nd Embodiment, and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.
[0044]
In the second embodiment, when the molten material 13 is melted along with the plastic deformation heat generation, the pair of open arms 23a and 23b is closed to notify the occurrence of plastic deformation. Is different in that the closed arms 23a and 23b are opened and notified.
[0045]
That is, the pair of arm portions 23a and 23b is urged in the opening direction by the coil spring 24a, and is embedded in the molten material 13 having a temperature lower than the melting point while the tips of the arm portions 23a and 23b are in contact with each other. Thus, the electrical contacts 23a and 23b are kept closed. When the molten material 13 is melted with the plastic deformation heat generation of the beam end member 9, the ends of the arm portions 23a and 23b are opened and become non-conductive, and this state change signal is detected by the conductivity tester 27, The occurrence of the plastic deformation is notified to the inspector.
[0046]
In place of the thermal fuse of the clothespin-like switch of the second embodiment, as shown in the longitudinal sectional view of FIG. 5, a part of the conducting wire is melted by heat to cut off the electric circuit. A fuse type can also be used.
[0047]
As shown in the figure, the thermal fuse includes a cylindrical case main body 33, a pair of lead wires 35 and 36 supported by the case main body 33 and spaced apart from each other, and the lead wires 35 and 36. It is comprised from the wire-like soluble alloy 37 which is joined to each one end 35a and 36a, and conducts the lead wires 35 and 36. In use, the thermal fuse is disposed in close contact with the beam end member 9 so that the plastic deformation heat of the beam end member 9 is transmitted, and the other ends 35b of the two lead wires protruding from the thermal fuse. , 36b is connected to the conductivity tester 27 through the pair of conductive wires 25a, 25b, respectively.
[0048]
When the heat generation is transmitted to the temperature fuse and the fusible alloy 37 rises in temperature and reaches the melting point, the fusible alloy 37 is melted and the lead wires 35 and 36 are disconnected and become non-conductive. The plastic deformation of is notified. Examples of such an electrical fuse type thermal fuse include an alloy thermal fuse manufactured by Uchihashi STEC Co., Ltd.
[0049]
Note that the plastic deformation detector 11 of the first embodiment is basically capable of recognizing the occurrence of plastic deformation by visually observing the fall of the weight 15a. This is the same as the second embodiment. It can be made recognizable by conduction of electrical contacts as in the form. For example, if the weight 15a is formed of a conductor, a pair of electrical contacts are arranged at the falling point of the weight 15a, and the electrical contact is connected and conducted by the dropped weight 15a. good.
[0050]
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the plastic deformation detector according to the third embodiment, and FIG. 7A is an explanatory view taken along line VII-VII in FIG. FIG. 7B is an explanatory view taken along the same line arrow as in FIG. 7A, and shows a state where the closed electrical contact shown in FIG. 7A is opened. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same component as the modification of the said 2nd Embodiment, and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.
[0051]
In the modification of the second embodiment, the electrical contacts 23a and 23b and the conductivity tester 27 are connected by the conductors 25a and 25b, that is, the open / close signals of the electrical contacts 23a and 23b are transmitted to the conductivity tester 27 by wire. However, the plastic deformation detector 51 of the third embodiment converts the opening / closing of the electrical contacts 23a, 23b into an electromagnetic wave signal 55c and transmits it to the receiver 53 outside the fireproof coating 10, that is, wirelessly. The difference is that the open / close signals of the electrical contacts 23a, 23b are transmitted to the receiver 53.
[0052]
That is, the thermal fuse includes a melting material 13 having an intended melting point, a pair of electrical contacts 23a and 23b that irreversibly operate from a closed state to an open state by melting of the melting material 13, and the electrical signal that is the state change signal. A transmitter 55 that converts the non-conduction of the contacts 23a and 23b into an electromagnetic wave signal 55c and transmits the electromagnetic wave signal 55c. In addition, a receiver 53 serving as the output end for receiving the electromagnetic wave signal 55c is disposed outside the fireproof coating 10.
[0053]
As the transmitter 55 and the receiver 53, the RFID tag 55 and its transmitter / receiver 53 in the RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag system shown in FIG. 8 can be applied. The RFID tag 55 includes a wireless coil 55a and an IC chip 55b that forms a single electric circuit by connecting a pair of terminals to both terminals of the wireless coil 55a. When a signal 53c having a specific frequency is transmitted from the outside, the signal 53c is captured by the wireless coil 55a, and an ID (Identification) number individually assigned to each IC chip 55b is transmitted by the radio wave 55c. Yes. However, when the electric circuit is cut off, the IC chip 55b does not transmit the radio wave 55c, that is, does not respond to the signal 53c.
On the other hand, the transmitter / receiver 53 transmits the signal 53c to the wireless coil 55a and receives the radio wave 55c from the IC chip 55b as a reply.
[0054]
As shown in FIG. 7A, the plastic deformation detector 51 of the third embodiment is connected to one of a pair of connections connecting the wireless coil 55a and the IC chip 55b in the RFID tag 55. The thermal fuse which concerns on the modification of a form is connected and comprised. That is, the wireless coil 55a and the IC chip 55b are connected by one connection, but the other connection is disconnected. The terminal on the wireless coil 55a side of the disconnected connection is connected to one electrical contact 23a of the thermal fuse, while the terminal on the IC chip 55b side is connected to the other electrical contact 23b. Thus, the wireless coil 55a, the electrical contacts 23a and 23b, and the IC chip 55b form one electrical circuit.
[0055]
As shown in the figure, before the melting material 13 of the thermal fuse is melted, the electrical contacts 23a and 23b are closed, so that the electrical circuit is conductive, and therefore the signal 53c from the transmitter / receiver 53 is transmitted. In response, the IC chip 55b returns the radio wave 55c with the ID number. However, when the molten material 13 melts, as shown in FIG. 7B, the electrical contacts 23a and 23b are opened and the electrical circuit is cut off, so that the signal 53c from the transmitter / receiver 53 is Therefore, the IC chip 55b does not respond, that is, the radio wave 55c is not returned. Therefore, the opening / closing of the electrical contacts 23a, 23b can be detected by the presence / absence of the return of the radio wave 55c, and the occurrence of plastic deformation can be notified to the inspector.
[0056]
Further, when a plurality of temperature fuses are arranged, if an ID number is assigned to each temperature fuse, which temperature fuse is closed by the radio wave 55c of the ID number transmitted from the IC chip 55b. Can be identified.
Furthermore, if this RFID tag system is used, the extension from the temperature fuse similar to the conducting wires 25a and 25b of the second embodiment can be shortened, and the temperature fuse can be completely contained in the fireproof coating 13.
[0057]
The RFID tag 55 is supplied with power by the signal 53c of the transmitter / receiver 53, and the IC chip 55b is operated by the power. That is, the signal 53c is an electromagnetic wave having a specific frequency. When the signal 53c reaches the wireless coil 55a, an induction current having a specific frequency is generated in the wireless coil 55a by electromagnetic induction, and the IC chip 55b is activated using this induced current as a power source. A radio wave 55c is transmitted. Therefore, it is not necessary to have a consumable part such as a battery in the RFID tag 55, so that maintenance is not required for a long period of time, and the state in which the temperature fuse is completely enclosed in the fireproof coating 13 is maintained for a long period of time. It becomes possible.
[0058]
In addition, although the modification of 2nd Embodiment was applied to the thermal fuse of the said 3rd Embodiment, it cannot be overemphasized that the thermal fuse of 2nd Embodiment is applicable.
Furthermore, in the third embodiment using this RFID tag system, it goes without saying that the fireproof coating 10 is made of a material that allows radio waves 55c to pass.
[0059]
Here, a centralized monitoring system capable of centrally monitoring the state of all the beam end members 9, 9... Installed in the building 3 using the plastic deformation detector 21 of the second embodiment will be described.
[0060]
FIG. 9 shows a conceptual diagram thereof. A central monitoring room 3a is provided at one location of the building 3, and a pair of thermal fuses provided at the beam end members 9, 9. Conductive wires 25a and 25b are respectively routed. In the centralized monitoring room 3a, the conductivity testers 27 are provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the temperature fuses, and the occurrence of plastic deformation can be detected for each temperature fuse. In FIG. 9, the pair of conductive wires 25 a and 25 b are shown by a single solid line in order to avoid complication of the drawing.
[0061]
In the above-described centralized monitoring system, each temperature fuse is connected to the conductivity tester 27 alone, and plastic deformation can be detected for each temperature fuse. However, as shown in FIG. All or a plurality of thermal fuses 22, 22... Are connected in series via a conductor 25 c to form one conducting electric circuit, and the non-conduction of this electric circuit is detected by one conductivity tester 27. Also good. According to this configuration, when even one of the temperature fuses 22, 22... Connected in series becomes non-conductive, this non-conductive can be detected by the conductivity tester 27. Further, according to this configuration, since the plurality of thermal fuses 22, 22... Are connected in series, the total length of the conducting wires 25c, 25c... Can be shortened, and the system can be constructed at low cost.
[0062]
In addition, as shown in FIG. 11, an AD converter 43 is provided for each level of the building 3, and an analog signal of the conduction state of the thermal fuse is taken into the AD converter 43 via the conductors 25a and 25b and digitally converted. This signal is converted into a signal, and the digital signal is transmitted to an arbitrary terminal computer 47 connected to the communication line via a communication line 45 such as a local area network (LAN) or a local telephone line. Notification may be made on the screen. Further, the digital signal may be transmitted to a distant monitoring station via a communication line such as the Internet so that the information can be notified at the monitoring station. In addition, instead of the plastic deformation detector 21 of the second embodiment, a plastic deformation detector 51 using the RFID tag system of the third embodiment is applied and the transmitter / receiver 53 passes through the plastic deformation detector 51. If the ID number is taken into the AD converter 43, the conducting wires 25a and 25b can be omitted.
[0063]
As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to this embodiment, The deformation | transformation as shown below is possible in the range which does not deviate from the summary.
(A) In the present embodiment, the thermal fuse is installed on the beam end member as the object to be inspected. However, the present invention is not limited to this as long as it is a steel member that generates heat by plastic deformation. It can also be installed at any part of the member.
(B) In this embodiment, one thermal fuse is installed for each beam end member. However, a plurality of thermal fuses can be installed over a predetermined range of one beam end member so that the range of plastic deformation can be specified. Anyway. At that time, if the RFID tag system of the third embodiment is applied to these thermal fuses, an ID number can be individually assigned to each thermal fuse. It is also possible to easily identify whether the installation site has undergone plastic deformation.
[0064]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the inventions shown in claims 1 to 6, since the inspector can know the occurrence of plastic deformation without removing the fireproof coating, the inspection of plastic deformation can be performed without taking time and effort. It can be done inexpensively.
In addition, since the inspector can always know the fact that plastic deformation has occurred, the fact can be surely grasped and the reliability of the structural soundness evaluation of the building is improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a plastic deformation detector according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a plastic deformation detector according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
3 (a) is an explanatory view taken along line III-III in FIG. 2, and FIG. 3 (b) is an explanatory view taken along the same line arrow as FIG. 3 (a), FIG. 3A shows a state in which the opened electrical contact shown in FIG.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view taken along the same line arrow as FIG. 3, showing a modification of the second embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of an electrical fuse type thermal fuse applicable instead of the thermal fuse of the second embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a plastic deformation detector according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
7 (a) is an explanatory view taken along line VII-VII in FIG. 6, and FIG. 7 (b) is an explanatory view taken along the same line arrow as FIG. 7 (a), The state where the electrical contact in the closed state shown in FIG.
FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram showing an RFID tag and its transmitter / receiver in the RFID tag system.
FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram of a centralized monitoring system capable of centrally monitoring a state of a beam end member of a building at one place.
FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of wiring in which thermal fuses are connected in series.
FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram of a centralized monitoring system using a digital signal communication line.
FIG. 12 is a conceptual view of a steel building in a side view.
13 is an enlarged view of a portion XIII in FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
9 Beam end members (steel members)
9b Lower flange (steel member)
10 Fireproof coating
11 Plastic deformation detector
13 Molten material
15 Weight member

Claims (4)

耐火被覆された鉄骨部材に塑性変形が生じたことを、該変形に伴う発熱から検出する塑性変形検出器であって、
前記発熱を伝達可能に前記鉄骨部材に密着若しくは近接配置されるとともに、前記耐火被覆の外に出力端を有する温度ヒューズを備え、
該温度ヒューズは、所期温度にて不可逆的に状態変化する一方、該状態変化信号を前記出力端へ伝達し、
前記温度ヒューズは、前記発熱を伝達可能に前記鉄骨部材に密着若しくは近接配置された所期融点の溶融材と、融点未満温度の前記溶融材に、前記鉄骨部材の耐火被覆を貫通して吊下された重錘部材とを備え、
前記塑性変形の発生を、前記状態変化信号としての重錘部材の落下により報知することを特徴とする塑性変形検出器。
A plastic deformation detector for detecting that plastic deformation has occurred in a fire-coated steel member from heat generated by the deformation,
While being closely contacted or disposed in close proximity to the steel member so that the heat generation can be transmitted, a thermal fuse having an output end outside the fireproof coating,
The thermal fuse irreversibly changes its state at an intended temperature, while transmitting the state change signal to the output terminal,
The thermal fuse is suspended by penetrating through a fireproof coating of the steel member to a molten material having an intended melting point that is closely or closely arranged to the steel member so as to be able to transmit the heat generation, and the molten material having a temperature lower than the melting point. A weight member made of
Plastic deformation detector, characterized in that the occurrence of plastic deformation, to inform the fall of the weight member as said status change signal.
耐火被覆された鉄骨部材に塑性変形が生じたことを、該変形に伴う発熱から検出する塑性変形検出器であって、
前記発熱を伝達可能に前記鉄骨部材に密着若しくは近接配置されるとともに、前記耐火被覆の外に出力端を有する温度ヒューズを備え、
該温度ヒューズは、所期温度にて不可逆的に状態変化する一方、該状態変化信号を前記出力端へ伝達し、
前記温度ヒューズは、所期融点の溶融材と、該溶融材の溶融によって不可逆的に開動作若しくは閉動作する一対の電気接点とを備え、
該電気接点に接続されて、前記状態変化信号たる前記電気接点の導通状態の変化を電磁波信号に変換して発信する発信器が、前記温度ヒューズと共に前記耐火被覆内に埋設される一方、該耐火被覆の外から、前記出力端としての受信器によって前記電磁波信号を受信することを特徴とする塑性変形検出器。
A plastic deformation detector for detecting that plastic deformation has occurred in a fire-coated steel member from heat generated by the deformation,
While being closely contacted or disposed in close proximity to the steel member so that the heat generation can be transmitted, a thermal fuse having an output end outside the fireproof coating,
The thermal fuse irreversibly changes its state at an intended temperature, while transmitting the state change signal to the output terminal,
The thermal fuse includes a melting material having an intended melting point, and a pair of electrical contacts that are irreversibly opened or closed by melting the melting material,
A transmitter that is connected to the electrical contact and converts a change in the conduction state of the electrical contact, which is the state change signal, into an electromagnetic wave signal and transmits the electromagnetic wave signal is embedded in the fireproof coating together with the temperature fuse. A plastic deformation detector, wherein the electromagnetic wave signal is received from outside the coating by a receiver as the output end.
前記溶融材は、融点未満温度にて、閉方向に付勢された一対の電気接点間に挟まれて、該電気接点を開状態に保持することを特徴とする請求項に記載の塑性変形検出器。 3. The plastic deformation according to claim 2 , wherein the molten material is sandwiched between a pair of electrical contacts urged in a closing direction at a temperature lower than a melting point to hold the electrical contacts in an open state. Detector. 前記溶融材は、融点未満温度にて、開方向に付勢された一対の電気接点を閉状態に保持することを特徴とする請求項に記載の塑性変形検出器。The plastic deformation detector according to claim 2 , wherein the molten material holds a pair of electrical contacts biased in an opening direction in a closed state at a temperature lower than the melting point.
JP2002006648A 2002-01-15 2002-01-15 Plastic deformation detector Expired - Fee Related JP3812443B2 (en)

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