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JP3812997B2 - Extrusion foaming masterbatch, method for producing the same, and method for producing heat-resistant styrene resin foam using the same - Google Patents
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JP3812997B2 - Extrusion foaming masterbatch, method for producing the same, and method for producing heat-resistant styrene resin foam using the same - Google Patents

Extrusion foaming masterbatch, method for producing the same, and method for producing heat-resistant styrene resin foam using the same Download PDF

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JP3812997B2
JP3812997B2 JP23788897A JP23788897A JP3812997B2 JP 3812997 B2 JP3812997 B2 JP 3812997B2 JP 23788897 A JP23788897 A JP 23788897A JP 23788897 A JP23788897 A JP 23788897A JP 3812997 B2 JP3812997 B2 JP 3812997B2
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styrene
heat
copolymer
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weight
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JPH1160747A (en
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孝広 鈴木
淳 七澤
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Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp
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Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
スチレン−(メタ)アクリル酸共重合体及びスチレン−無水マレイン酸共重合体はポリスチレンに比べ耐熱変形性に優れており、その性質を生かして発泡ポリスチレンシ−トより成形される食品容器等の耐熱向上や発泡断熱材の耐熱性の向上を目的として広く利用されている。
本発明は、発泡セル径が細かくても深絞り性が良好であり、且つ、加工時の脆性が改良された耐熱性スチレン系発泡シ−ト用マスタ−バッチバッチ及びそのマスタ−バッチを用いた発泡シ−トの製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
食品包装容器や弁当用容器向けに消費される熱可塑性樹脂の需要は年々増加の傾向をたどっているが、近年特に家庭への電子レンジの普及またはコンビニエンスストアでの弁当の売上の増加にともない電子レンジでの加熱に対応する耐熱性容器に対する需要が大幅に増加している。
一般的に、食品容器や弁当容器は樹脂のシ−トまたは発泡シ−トの熱成形により生産されている。透明性、加工性に優れ、安価に入手し得る発泡シ−ト用の樹脂としてポリスチレンが知られており、発泡ポリスチレンシ−トを用いて成形された容器は保温性に優れている特性を有している。しかし、ポリスチレンは耐熱性に限界があり、電子レンジ等による加熱下では成形品の変形が大きくなり、従って成形品の肉圧を厚くする必要がある。このため、PP製の食品容器が用いられる場合があるが、これらの容器は断熱性に乏しく電子レンジより取り出す時に、素手で取り扱うのが困難である。
【0003】
一方で、ポリスチレンの特性を失わず、耐熱性を改良したものとして、スチレン−(メタ)アクリル酸共重合体またはスチレン−無水マレイン酸共重合体がある。特にスチレン−(メタ)アクリル酸共重合体は(メタ)アクリル酸の含有量により任意に耐熱性を設定できる為、極めて工業的に有効でありポリスチレン発泡体の耐熱性を向上せしめる目的での発泡シ−ト用の原材料として、また車両又は家屋の断熱材用途等の耐熱性の要求される発泡ボ−ドの原料として利用されており、スチレン−(メタ)アクリル酸共重合体またはスチレン−無水マレイン酸共重合体を用いてなる発泡体(特開昭57−72830号公報)について、またスチレン−(メタ)アクリル酸共重合体より成形される食品容器(特開昭62−94539号公報)について提案されている。また、耐熱性スチレン系共重合体の発泡シ−トの脆性を改良する方法としてスチレン−(メタ)アクリル酸系樹脂組成物にゴム補強ポリスチレン樹脂組成物を添加する方法(特開昭63−264335号公報)、MBS樹脂、スチレン−ブタジエンブロック共重合体、スチレン−ブタジエンランダム共重合体等のゴム成分含有スチレン系樹脂を添加する方法(特開平2−58548号公報)やブタジエン比率が50重量%以上のスチレン−ブタジエン共重合体を添加する方法(特開平8−41233号公報)が提案されている。
【0004】
また、スチレン−(メタ)アクリル酸系樹脂組成物に芳香族ビニルモノマ−とジエン系モノマ−よりなる共重合体に両者と相溶する樹脂を添加してなる2次加工性の優れた発泡体(特開平3−109441号公報)について提案されている。
ところで、発泡シ−トの外観を綺麗にすることは発泡容器の見栄えを良くし、意匠性を挙げる為に必要且つ重要な要求事項の一つである。発泡シ−トの綺麗な外観、言い換えればきめ細かい表面外観を得る為にはまず発泡シ−トのセル径を小さくすることが必要となる。
【0005】
ところが、一般に発泡シ−トの2次成形は、オ−ブン等の加熱手段により発泡シ−トを加熱・軟化させ、その直後に金型で挟みつけるマッチモ−ルド成形により容器形状に成形されるが、一般的にスチレン系樹脂の発泡シ−トはセル径を小さくすると発泡シ−トの加熱軟化伸びが低下するため、深絞り成形ならずとも、一般の2次成形でさえ容器側面が破断する場合がある。特に、深絞り成形を行う場合は、容器側面部の発泡シ−トの変形量が大きくなる為、その部分の発泡シ−トが破断してしまう場合がある。そこで、深絞り成形をする時には発泡シ−トの大変形を可能とする為に、従来の知見では、発泡シ−トのセル径を大きくしたり、加熱時間を長くしたり、加熱温度を高くしたりする技術が用いられてきた。
【0006】
しかし、発泡セル径を大きくすると前述の通り発泡シ−トの表面外観が粗くなってしまう場合がある。つまり、従来の方法では発泡シ−トのセル径を小さくすると発泡シ−トの加熱軟化伸びが小さくなってしまう為、深絞り成形を行うと深絞り容器の側面部が成形時に破断するといった現象が起きる場合がある。
また、加熱時間を長くすることや加熱温度を高くした場合には、発泡シ−ト表面のセルの破泡や樹脂劣化の為表面がケロイド状になってしまう場合がある。
【0007】
また、先行技術として知られている特開平8−41233号公報や特開平3−109441号公報等の技術を用いても、きめ細かい発泡シ−トでは深絞り成形性が不十分である。
そこで、従来より耐熱性スチレン系共重合体の発泡シ−トの深絞り性ときめ細かい表面外観のバランスを向上させる技術が望まれていた。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、かかる課題に対して、セル径の大きさ即ち発泡シ−トの外観と深絞り性即ち加熱軟化伸びのバランスに優れ、且つ脆性の改良された耐熱性スチレン系共重合体発泡シ−トを簡単に製造できるマスタ−バッチ及びマスターバッチの製造方法及びマスタ−バッチを用いた発泡シ−トの製造方法を提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らはかかる現状に鑑み、セル径が小さくても加熱軟化伸びが大きい、つまり、表面外観が極めて綺麗で深絞り成形性に優れ、且つ、脆性の改良された耐熱性スチレン系共重合体の発泡シ−トを製造するためのマスタ−バッチには、特定のゴム状重合体と特定の重量平均分子量以上で、且つ特定のガラス転移点温度以下のスチレン及び/又はメタアクリル酸メチルと(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルの共重合体を特定量併用して添加したものが有効であることを見出した。又、そのマスターバッチを押出機で溶融混練して製造する際、特定の形状のゴム状重合体と特定の形状のスチレン及び/又はメタアクリル酸メチルと(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルの共重合体を使用することが有効であることを見出し、且つ、そのマスタ−バッチを用いて発泡シ−トを製造すると深絞り性能に優れ、且つ脆性の改良された耐熱性スチレン系樹脂発泡シートの製造が簡単にできることを見出し本発明を完成させるに至った。
【0010】
即ち、本発明は、(A)ビニル芳香族化合物及びビニル芳香族化合物と共重合可能なカルボン酸基及び/又はカルボン酸無水物基を有するビニル化合物を必須成分とする耐熱性スチレン系共重合体40.0〜90.0重量%、(B)ビニル芳香族化合物及び/又は(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルと共役ジエン化合物よりなるゴム状重合体5.0〜45.0重量%、(C)重量平均分子量が少なくとも300、000以上であり、ガラス転移点温度が100℃以下であるビニル芳香族化合物及び/又はメタクリル酸エステルとアクリル酸エステルの共重合体5.0〜15.0重量%を溶融混練してなる耐熱性スチレン系発泡シ−ト製造用マスタ−バッチ及び当該マスタ−バッチの製造方法及び当該マスタ−バッチを用いた発泡体の製造方法を提供するものである。
【0011】
以下本発明について詳しく説明する。
まず、本発明におけるビニル芳香族化合物及びビニル芳香族化合物と共重合可能なカルボン酸基及び/又はカルボン酸無水物基を有するビニル化合物を必須成分とする耐熱性スチレン系共重合体とは、ビニル芳香族よりなる樹脂の耐熱性向上の為にカルボン酸基またはカルボン酸無水物基を有するビニル化合物を共重合せしめた共重合体のことを言い、特に工業的な見地からビニル芳香族化合物としてスチレン、カルボン酸基またはカルボン酸無水物基を有するビニル化合物として(メタ)アクリル酸及び無水マレイン酸が好ましい。スチレンと(メタ)アクリル酸を共重合せしめた樹脂をスチレン−(メタ)アクリル酸共重合体、スチレンと無水マレイン酸を共重合せしめた樹脂をスチレン−無水マレイン酸共重合体と言う。
【0012】
また、当該共重合体にスチレンに共重合可能なビニルモノマ−を本発明の目的を損なわない範囲で共重合させてもかまわない。
スチレンに共重合可能なビニルモノマ−としては、例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸メチル、(メタ)アクリル酸エチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ブチル等のアクリル酸エステル類、α−メチルスチレン、o−、m−、p−メチルスチレン、ブロモスチレン、ジブロモスチレン、クロロスチレン、ジクロロスチレン等のスチレン以外の芳香族ビニル類、マレイン酸、フマル酸等の不飽和脂肪酸類、無水マレイン酸、無水イタコン酸等の不飽和脂肪酸無水物類等が挙げられる。
【0013】
特にスチレン−(メタ)アクリル酸共重合体は(メタ)アクリル酸単位の含有量により任意の耐熱に制御可能であり、本発明においてはその組成に関して特に制限されるものでは無いが、耐熱向上効果と加工性のバランスから共重合体中のスチレンと(メタ)アクリル酸単位の含有重量比はスチレン単位/(メタ)アクリル酸単位=85〜97/3〜15の範囲が好ましい。
【0014】
また、スチレン−(メタ)アクリル酸共重合体及びスチレン−無水マレイン酸共重合体の分子量は特に制限されないが、強度と加工性のバランスから示差屈折計より求められる線状ポリスチレン換算重量平均分子量は15万〜35万の範囲が好ましく、特に17万〜27万の範囲が好ましく、19万〜24万の範囲が更に好ましい。また、分子量分布に関しても特に制限されるものでは無いが、Mz/Mwが1.8以上であることが好ましく、2.2以上であることがより好ましい。
【0015】
スチレン−(メタ)アクリル酸系共重合体及びスチレン−無水マレイン酸系共重合体の重合方法は特に制限されるものではなく、塊状重合、溶液重合、懸濁重合、乳化重合等が挙げられるが、組成の均一性の確保から完全混合型重合反応器にて重合を行うのが好ましい。
また、スチレン系樹脂に慣用されている添加剤、例えば酸化防止剤、滑剤、可塑剤、着色剤等を本発明の目的を損なわない範囲で添加してもかまわない。
次に本発明におけるビニル芳香族化合物及び/又はメタクリル酸エステルとアクリル酸エステルの共重合体は示差屈折計で求めた線状ポリスチレン換算重量平均分子量が少なくとも300、000以上のものである必要があり、好ましくは1、300、000以上、更に好ましくは3、000、000以上である。
【0016】
重量平均分子量が300、000未満のものでは、当該マスタ−バッチを用いて発泡シ−トを製造した際に発泡シ−トの深絞り性の改良効果が不十分な場合がある。
また、ビニル芳香族化合物及び/又はメタクリル酸エステルとアクリル酸エステルの共重合体のガラス転移点温度は100℃以下の必要があり、好ましくは90℃以下である。100℃を越えるものは、単軸押出機もしくは2軸押出機でスチレン−(メタ)アクリル酸系共重合体及びスチレン−無水マレイン酸系共重合体と溶融混練する際に十分に溶融混練しないとうまく溶融せずにゲル状の未分散体となる場合があり、その様なマスタ−バッチを用いて発泡シ−トを製造すると結果として発泡シ−トの表面外観を損ねたり、あるいは深絞り性の改良効果が不十分な場合がある。
【0017】
また、ビニル芳香族化合物及び/又はメタクリル酸エステルとアクリル酸エステルの共重合体の添加量は5.0〜15.0重量%の範囲である。5.0重量%未満のマスタ−バッチでは、加熱軟化伸びを向上させる為に基材樹脂に対するマスタ−バッチの添加量が多くなる場合があり、発泡押し出し機の樹脂供給設備の能力によっては加熱軟化伸びを向上させる為に十分な量のマスタ−バッチを供給できないことがあり、セル径と深絞り性のバランス向上効果が不十分となる場合がある。15.0重量%を越える場合はマスタ−バッチの分散性が不十分となり、発泡押し出し機によっては、結果として加熱軟化伸びが不十分となる場合がある。 特に工業的な見地からビニル芳香族化合物としてスチレン、メタクリル酸エステルとしてメタクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸エステルとしてアクリル酸ブチルが好ましい。
【0018】
また、当該共重合体にスチレンまたはメタクリル酸メチルに共重合可能なビニルモノマ−を本発明の目的を損なわない範囲で共重合させてもかまわない。
スチレンに共重合可能なビニルモノマ−としては、例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸メチル、(メタ)アクリル酸エチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ブチル等のアクリル酸エステル類、α−メチルスチレン、o−、m−、p−メチルスチレン、ブロモスチレン、ジブロモスチレン、クロロスチレン、ジクロロスチレン等のスチレン以外の芳香族ビニル類、マレイン酸、フマル酸等の不飽和脂肪酸類、無水マレイン酸、無水イタコン酸等の不飽和脂肪酸無水物類等が挙げられ、以上のビニルモノマ−を2種以上併用させても良い。
【0019】
また、当該共重合体の重合方法は特に制限されるものではなく、塊状重合、溶液重合、懸濁重合、乳化重合等が挙げられるが、工業生産性の観点から乳化重合による生産が好ましい。
次に本発明で言うゴム状重合体とは、常温でゴム弾性を示す重合体であり、例えばポリブタジエン、ポリイソプレン、スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体、スチレン−イソプレン共重合体、アクリロニトリル−ブタジエン共重合体、エチレン−αオレフィン共重合体、エチレン−αオレフィン−ポリエン共重合体、アクリルゴム、ブタジエン−メタクリル酸エステル共重合体、水素化スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体、水素化ブタジエン系重合体等が挙げられる。特に、ビニル芳香族ブロックと共役ジエンブロックより構成されるブロック熱可塑性エラストマ−もしくはビニル芳香族化合物と共約ジエン化合物よりなるランダム熱可塑性エラストマ−もしくは共役ジエン重合体にビニル芳香族化合物及び/又は(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルよりなる重合体がグラフトしたゴム状重合体が好ましく、工業的な見地からビニル芳香族化合物としてスチレン、共役ジエン化合物としてブタジエンよりなるブロックスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマ−またはランダムスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマ−、(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルとしてメタクリル酸メチルよりなるMBS樹脂が好ましい。
【0020】
本発明で言うゴム状重合体の配合量は5〜45重量%の範囲である。5重量%未満では発泡シ−トの脆性改良を行う為に基材樹脂に対するマスタ−バッチの添加量が多くなる場合があり、発泡押し出し機の樹脂供給設備の能力によっては脆性改良効果を向上させる為に十分な量のマスタ−バッチを供給できない場合ある。45重量%以上ではマスタ−バッチの分散性が不十分となり、結果として発泡体の脆性改良効果が現れない場合がある。
以上に示されるゴム状重合体の種類には特に制限されるものではないが、ブロックスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマ−が特に好ましい。
【0021】
ブロックスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマ−の示差屈折検出器を用いたゲルパ−ミエ−ションクロマトグラムを標準線状ポリスチレンのクロマトグラムで比較して得られる線状標準ポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量は特に制限されるものではないが、25万以上のものが特に好ましい。
また、スチレンとブタジエンの組成比は特に制限されるものではないが、耐熱性保持の観点から50/50〜20/80のものが好ましい。
【0022】
また、当該ブロック共重合体熱可塑性エラストマ−の分子形状は特に規定されるものでは無く、例えば、直鎖状のもの、3分岐状のもの、4分岐状のもの等が挙げられる。またビニル芳香族ブロック(S)と共役ジエンブロック(B)の結合形態も特に規定されるものでは無く、例えば、SB型、SBS型、SBSB型等が挙げられる。
また、以上のゴム状重合体を2種以上併用しても差し支えない。
【0023】
次に本発明におけるマスタ−バッチの製造方法は溶融混練してペレタイズする方法である。溶融混練に用いる押出機は特に限定されるものではないが、2軸押出機を使用することが好ましい。また、使用するゴム状重合体の形状は特に限定されるものではないが、顆粒状又はクラム状のゴム状重合体を使用することが好ましい。当該マスタ−バッチの必須成分であるビニル芳香族化合物及び/又はメタクリル酸エステルとアクリル酸エステルの共重合体は、その高い分子量からペレタイズすることが困難であり、通常の場合、粉状の形状をとる。その為、押出機を用いた溶融混練で通常使用されるペレット状のゴム状重合体を用いると、ビニル芳香族化合物及び/又はメタクリル酸エステルとアクリル酸エステルの共重合体の添加割合が多い場合、溶融混練前に十分にブレンドを行っても、ビニル芳香族化合物及び/又はメタクリル酸エステルとアクリル酸エステルの共重合体が押出機のホッパ−にて分級を起こし、安定的な押出し製造が困難となる場合がある。
【0024】
ここで言う粉状とは、28メッシュの金網を有した篩を通過する大きさの粒子が全体の50重量%以上となる粒子群の形態のことを言う。また、顆粒状とは28メッシュの金網を有した篩を通過せず、且つ6メッシュの金網を有した篩を通過する大きさの粒子が全体の50重量%以上となる粒子群の形態のことを言い、クラム状とは顆粒状粒子が凝集してできた粒子塊群の形態ことを言う。
また、2種以上の異形状のゴム状重合体を併用しても差し支えなく、本発明の目的を損なわない範囲で、ペレット形状のゴム状重合体を当該形状のゴム状重合体と併用しても差し支えない。
【0025】
次に本発明では、発泡シ−トを押し出し発泡にて製造するにあたり、耐熱性スチレン系共重合体ペレットと当該マスタ−バッチをペレットブレンドした後、押出し発泡を行い発泡体を製造する。
ペレットブレンドはタンブラ−を用いる方法、定量フィ−ダ−で押出機のホッパ−に供給する方法などが利用される。マスタ−バッチと耐熱性スチレン系共重合体ペレットとのブレンド比率は特に規定されるものではないが、マスタ−バッチ混合割合は50%以下であることが工業的に好ましい。
【0026】
また、マスタ−バッチとブレンドする耐熱性スチレン系共重合体には本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、ゴム状重合体が予め添加されたものを用いても差し支えない。
尚、当該マスタ−バッチにはスチレン系樹脂に慣用されている添加剤、例えば、酸化防止剤、滑剤、可塑剤、着色剤、熱安定剤等を本発明の目的を損なわない範囲で添加してもかまわない。
【0027】
また、発泡シ−トの生産に用いる発泡剤及び発泡核剤としては通常のポリスチレン発泡シ−トの生産に使用されるものを使用すればよい。
そのような発泡剤としては、プロパン、ブタン、ペンタン等の揮発性発泡剤及びこれらの混合物、アゾジカルボンアミド、ジニトロソペンタメチレン等の有機系発泡剤、重炭酸ナトリウム等の無機系発泡剤などがあり、場合によっては炭酸ガス、窒素、水等も適用できる。
発泡核剤としては、タルク、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸水素アンモニウム、炭酸カルシウム等が挙げられる。
次に、実施例および比較例によって本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。
【0028】
【実施例】
実施例に記載のスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマ−B−1、B−2は次の参考例に示す方法で製造したものを用いた。
[参考例1−高分子量スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマ−(B−1)の製造]
オ−トクレ−ブを窒素ガスで内部置換した後、精製乾燥させたシクロヘキサン20リットルを仕込み、その後70℃に攪拌、昇温した。次に触媒としてn−ブチルリチウムを0.40g、精製、乾燥させたスチレン1200gを添加し、3時間重合した。次いで、精製・乾燥させたブタジエン2800gをプランジャ−ポンプにて添加して3時間重合させた。所定の重合ステップが終了した後四塩化珪素を加えて重合を停止させ、顆粒状の分岐型ブロック共重合体B−1を得た。得られた重合体のゲルパ−ミエ−ションクロマトグラフィ−にて測定したポリスチレン換算数平均分子量は30.5万であり、スチレン/ブタジエン重量比率は3/7であった。
【0029】
[参考例2−スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマ−(B−2)の製造]
オ−トクレ−ブを窒素ガスで内部置換した後、精製乾燥させたシクロヘキサン20リットルを仕込み、その後70℃に攪拌、昇温した。次に触媒としてn−ブチルリチウムを0.40g、精製、乾燥させたスチレン1200gを添加し、3時間重合した。次いで、精製・乾燥させたブタジエン2800gをプランジャ−ポンプにて添加して3時間重合させた。所定の重合ステップが終了した後、メタノールを加えて重合を停止させ、顆粒状のブロック共重合体B−2を得た。得られた重合体のゲルパ−ミエ−ションクロマトグラフィ−にて測定したポリスチレン換算数平均分子量は13.2万であり、スチレン/ブタジエン重量比率は3/7であった。
【0030】
次に実施例に記載のスチレン−アクリル酸ブチル共重合体T−2、T−4は次の参考例に示す方法で製造したものを用いた。
[参考例3−高分子量スチレン−アクリル酸ブチル共重合体(T−2)の製造]攪拌機、環流冷却機、窒素導入口を備えた5リットルのガラスビ−カ−に脱イオン水500g、氷酢酸0.15g、塩化ナトリウム0.8gを投入し、窒素で30分パ−ジした。160gのスチレン、40gのアクリル酸ブチル、4gのドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウムを投入し、窒素雰囲気下、10分間ホモジナイザ−で混合し、乳化液を得た。その後250rpmで攪拌しながら60℃に加熱し、次いでソディウムホルムアルデヒドスルホキシレ−ト1%溶液を20g加え、t−ブチルハイドロキシパ−オキサイド0.03gを加えた。重合発熱のピ−クで更にソディウムホルムアルデヒドスルホキシレ−ト1%溶液を20gを加えた。6時間後、室温に冷却し、乳化液を冷凍乾燥し、共重合体を回収した。得られた重合体のゲルパ−ミエ−ションクロマトグラフィ−にて測定したポリスチレン換算重量平均分子量は145万であった。
【0031】
[参考例4−高分子量ポリスチレン(T−4)の製造]
攪拌機、環流冷却機、窒素導入口を備えた5リットルのガラスビ−カ−に脱イオン水500g、氷酢酸0.15g、塩化ナトリウム0.8gを投入し、窒素で30分パ−ジした。200gのスチレン、4gのドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウムを投入し、窒素雰囲気下、10分間ホモジナイザ−で混合し、乳化液を得た。その後250rpmで攪拌しながら60℃に加熱し、次いでソディウムホルムアルデヒドスルホキシレ−ト1%溶液を20g加え、t−ブチルハイドロキシパ−オキサイド0.03gを加えた。重合発熱のピ−クで更にソディウムホルムアルデヒドスルホキシレ−ト1%溶液を20gを加えた。6時間後、室温に冷却し、乳化液を冷凍乾燥し、共重合体を回収した。得られた重合体のゲルパ−ミエ−ションクロマトグラフィ−にて測定したポリスチレン換算重量平均分子量は195万であった。
【0032】
表中及び参考例・実施例中に示す重量平均分子量Mw、数平均分子量Mnは示差屈折検出器を用いたゲルパ−ミネ−ションクロマトグラムを標準線上ポリスチレンのクロマトグラムで比較して得られるポリスチレン換算分子量である。
測定条件を下記に示す。

Figure 0003812997
【0033】
表中に示すガラス転移点温度は、当該共重合体等を200℃に加熱した圧縮成型機にてフィルム状に成形した後、次に示す示差走査熱量測定(DSC)にて測定した。
Figure 0003812997
【0034】
表中に示すスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマ−のスチレン/ブタジエン比率は、四酸化オスミウムを触媒としてジタ−シャリ−ブチルハイドロパ−オキサイドにより酸化分解した後、分解物にメタノ−ルを添加して析出させた成分をポリスチレン成分として重量を測定することで算出した。
表中に示すMBS樹脂の粒径は2軸押出機でMBS樹脂とスチレン−(メタ)アクリル酸共重合体を220℃で溶融混練した後、造粒したペレットを四酸化オスミウムで染色した後、日立社製透過型電子顕微鏡で25000倍に拡大した写真を撮影し、旭化成社製画像解析処理装置で面積を計測し、面積から算出される円相当直径の平均値である。
【0035】
表中に示すMB生産性は次の様に評価した。
○:マスターバッチの押出し製造時に、ストランドが安定的に押し出された。
×:マスターバッチの製造時に、ストランド切れが多発し、安定的に製造が困難であった。
××:マスターバッチ製造時に、ホッパーで分級が生じ、ストランドの太さがハンチングして安定しなかった。
表中に示す発泡体の表面外観は次の様に評価した。
○:表面が平滑で凸凹が小さく綺麗な発泡体である。
×:表面に未発泡ぶつが生じ、外観が劣る。
【0036】
表中に示す発泡シ−トの平均セル径は、発泡シ−トの巻き取り方向と平行な方向の断面を走査型電子顕微鏡により35倍の拡大写真を撮影し、画像解析装置により200〜300個のセルの面積を計測し、面積から算出される円相当直径の平均値である。走査型電子顕微鏡は日本電子社製JSM−T200を、画像解析処理装置は旭化成社製画像解析処理装置を使用した。
表中に示す発泡シ−トの破断伸びは、発泡シ−トを14日間23℃50%RHの恒温室にて状態調節した後、発泡シ−トを40mm×300mmの帯状に切り出し引張り試験機に両端50mmをチャックで固定した後、5mm/secで引張り、破断するまでの伸び量をチャック間距離200mmで除した値を示す。
【0037】
表中に示す発泡シ−トの加熱軟化伸びは、発泡シ−トを14日間23℃50%RHの恒温室にて状態調節した後、発泡シ−トを40mm×150mmの帯状に切り出し加熱炉の付いた引張り試験機に両端20mmをチャックで固定した。加熱炉中で110℃、1分間加熱した後、5mm/secで引張り、表面に亀裂が生じる伸び量を目視判断し、その値をチャック間距離110mmで除した値を示す。
表中に示す発泡体の発泡倍率は、発泡体を約5g切り出して500mlのメスシリンダ−に200ml程水を張り、切り出した発泡体を沈めて体積の増分を読み、水の比重を1g/cm3 と仮定して重量比から発泡倍率を次の様に計算した値である。
増加した水の体積/切り出した発泡体の重量=発泡体の発泡倍率
【0038】
(実施例1〜13、比較例1〜11)
スチレン−メタアクリル酸共重合体(S−1)またはスチレン−無水マレイン酸共重合体(S−2)、表1に記載のメタクリル酸メチル−アクリル酸ブチル共重合体(T−1)、スチレン−アクリル酸ブチル共重合体(T−2)、メタクリル酸メチル系樹脂(T−3)、高分子量ポリスチレン(T−4)、表2に記載のスチレン−ブタジエンブロック共重合体(B−1、B−2、B−4)、MBS樹脂(B−3)を表3〜4に記載の割合で混合した後、60mm径の温度180〜220℃、回転数60rpmに調整した2軸押出機により押し出してペレタイズしてマスタ−バッチを得た。
【0039】
得られたマスタ−バッチを表5〜6に記載の割合でタンブラ−を用いてペレットブレンドした後、直径150mmのサ−キュラ−ダイを備えた押出発泡機を用いて、発泡シ−トを製造した。押出発泡機の樹脂溶融ゾ−ンの温度は200〜230℃、ロ−タリ−ク−ラ−の温度は130〜170℃、Tダイの温度は160℃に調整した。発泡核剤として、ミストロンペ−パ−(日本ミストロン社製)を樹脂に対して0.1重量部、0.5重量部、1.0重量部のいずれかの添加量で添加し、発泡剤として、液化ブタンを樹脂に対して4重量部添加した。押出発泡された発泡シ−トは冷却マンドリルで冷却し、円周上の2点でカッタ−により切断後、幅300mm、厚み1.8mmの発泡シ−トを得た。
結果を表5〜6に示す。
【0040】
【表1】
Figure 0003812997
【0041】
【表2】
Figure 0003812997
【0042】
【表3】
Figure 0003812997
【0043】
【表4】
Figure 0003812997
【0044】
【表5】
Figure 0003812997
【0045】
【表6】
Figure 0003812997
【0046】
【発明の効果】
本発明のマスタ−バッチを用いることにより、セル径と加熱軟化伸びのバランスに優れる、言い換えれば、きめ細かい表面外観と深絞り性のバランスに優れ、且つ脆性の改良されたスチレン−(メタ)アクリル酸系共重合体またはスチレン−無水マレイン酸系共重合体よりなる発泡シ−トを製造することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Styrene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymers and styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers have better heat distortion resistance than polystyrene, and heat resistance of food containers and the like molded from expanded polystyrene sheets taking advantage of their properties. It is widely used for the purpose of improvement and improvement of heat resistance of foam insulation.
The present invention uses a master batch batch for heat-resistant styrenic foam sheets and a master batch of the heat resistant styrenic foam sheet which has good deep drawability even if the foam cell diameter is small and has improved brittleness during processing. The present invention relates to a method for producing a foam sheet.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The demand for thermoplastics consumed for food packaging containers and lunch box containers has been increasing year by year. In recent years, however, electronic products have become increasingly popular due to the widespread use of microwave ovens in households and increased sales of lunch boxes at convenience stores. Demand for heat-resistant containers that support heating in the range has increased significantly.
In general, food containers and lunch boxes are produced by thermoforming resin sheets or foam sheets. Polystyrene is known as a foam sheet resin that is excellent in transparency and processability, and can be obtained at low cost. Containers molded using the expanded polystyrene sheet have excellent heat retention properties. is doing. However, polystyrene has a limit in heat resistance, and deformation of a molded product becomes large under heating by a microwave oven or the like, and therefore it is necessary to increase the thickness of the molded product. For this reason, although the food container made from PP may be used, when these containers are poor in heat insulation and take out from a microwave oven, they are difficult to handle with bare hands.
[0003]
On the other hand, there is a styrene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer or a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer as one having improved heat resistance without losing the properties of polystyrene. In particular, since styrene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer can be arbitrarily set in heat resistance depending on the content of (meth) acrylic acid, it is extremely industrially effective and foamed for the purpose of improving the heat resistance of polystyrene foam. It is used as a raw material for sheets and as a raw material for foam boards that require heat resistance such as heat insulation for vehicles or houses. Styrene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer or styrene-anhydrous About foams using maleic acid copolymers (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-72830), and food containers molded from styrene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymers (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-94539) Has been proposed. Further, as a method for improving the brittleness of a foam sheet of a heat-resistant styrene copolymer, a method of adding a rubber-reinforced polystyrene resin composition to a styrene- (meth) acrylic resin composition (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-264335). No.), MBS resin, styrene-butadiene block copolymer, styrene-butadiene random copolymer and other rubber component-containing styrene-based resins (JP-A-2-58548) and a butadiene ratio of 50% by weight. A method of adding the above styrene-butadiene copolymer (JP-A-8-41233) has been proposed.
[0004]
Also, a foam having excellent secondary processability obtained by adding a resin compatible with a copolymer of an aromatic vinyl monomer and a diene monomer to a styrene- (meth) acrylic acid resin composition ( Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-109441) has been proposed.
By the way, to clean the appearance of the foam sheet is one of the necessary and important requirements for improving the appearance of the foam container and improving the design. In order to obtain a beautiful appearance of the foamed sheet, in other words, a fine surface appearance, it is first necessary to reduce the cell diameter of the foamed sheet.
[0005]
However, in general, the secondary molding of the foamed sheet is formed into a container shape by match mold molding in which the foamed sheet is heated and softened by a heating means such as oven and then immediately sandwiched by a mold. However, foamed sheets of styrenic resin generally have a lower cell diameter, which reduces the heat-softening elongation of the foamed sheet. Therefore, the side of the container breaks even in general secondary molding without deep drawing. There is a case. In particular, when deep drawing is performed, the amount of deformation of the foam sheet on the side surface of the container increases, and the foam sheet at that portion may break. Therefore, in order to enable large deformation of the foamed sheet when performing deep drawing, conventional knowledge has shown that the cell diameter of the foamed sheet is increased, the heating time is increased, and the heating temperature is increased. Techniques have been used.
[0006]
However, when the foam cell diameter is increased, the surface appearance of the foam sheet may become rough as described above. That is, in the conventional method, if the cell diameter of the foamed sheet is reduced, the heat softening elongation of the foamed sheet is reduced. Therefore, when deep drawing is performed, the side portion of the deep drawn container is broken during molding. May occur.
Further, when the heating time is lengthened or the heating temperature is increased, the surface of the foamed sheet surface may become keloid due to bubble breakage of the cell or resin deterioration.
[0007]
Further, even if techniques such as JP-A-8-41233 and JP-A-3-109441, which are known as prior arts, are used, a deep foam sheet does not have sufficient deep drawability.
Therefore, a technique for improving the balance between the deep drawability of the foam sheet of the heat-resistant styrene copolymer and the fine surface appearance has been desired.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is to solve such a problem. The heat-resistant styrenic copolymer having an excellent balance between the cell diameter, that is, the appearance of the foamed sheet and the deep drawability, that is, heat-softening elongation, and improved brittleness. An object of the present invention is to provide a master batch that can easily produce a foamed sheet, a method for producing the masterbatch, and a method for producing a foamed sheet using the master batch.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of the current situation, the present inventors have a large heat-softening elongation even when the cell diameter is small, that is, the surface appearance is very beautiful, the deep drawability is excellent, and the brittleness is improved. The master batch for producing the combined foamed sheet includes a specific rubbery polymer, styrene and / or methyl methacrylate having a specific weight average molecular weight or more and a specific glass transition temperature or less. It has been found that the addition of a specific amount of a copolymer of alkyl (meth) acrylate is effective. In addition, when the master batch is manufactured by melt-kneading with an extruder, a rubber-like polymer having a specific shape and a copolymer of styrene and / or methyl methacrylate and alkyl (meth) acrylate having a specific shape are prepared. Finding that it is effective to use, and producing a foamed sheet using the master batch, it is easy to produce a heat-resistant styrenic resin foam sheet with excellent deep drawing performance and improved brittleness As a result, the present invention has been completed.
[0010]
That is, the present invention relates to (A) a heat-resistant styrenic copolymer having a vinyl compound having a carboxylic acid group and / or a carboxylic acid anhydride group copolymerizable with a vinyl aromatic compound and a vinyl aromatic compound as an essential component. 40.0 to 90.0% by weight, (B) rubber-like polymer comprising vinyl aromatic compound and / or alkyl (meth) acrylate and conjugated diene compound, 5.0 to 45.0% by weight, (C) weight Melt vinyl aromatic compound and / or copolymer of methacrylic acid ester and acrylic acid ester having an average molecular weight of at least 300,000 or more and a glass transition temperature of 100 ° C. or less. Providing a master batch for producing a heat-resistant styrene foam sheet by kneading, a method for producing the master batch, and a method for producing a foam using the master batch Is shall.
[0011]
The present invention will be described in detail below.
First, the heat-resistant styrenic copolymer having a vinyl aromatic compound and / or a vinyl compound having a carboxylic acid anhydride group copolymerizable with the vinyl aromatic compound as an essential component in the present invention is vinyl. This is a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing a vinyl compound having a carboxylic acid group or a carboxylic acid anhydride group in order to improve the heat resistance of an aromatic resin. In particular, from an industrial standpoint, styrene is used as a vinyl aromatic compound. As the vinyl compound having a carboxylic acid group or a carboxylic anhydride group, (meth) acrylic acid and maleic anhydride are preferred. A resin obtained by copolymerizing styrene and (meth) acrylic acid is referred to as a styrene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer, and a resin obtained by copolymerizing styrene and maleic anhydride is referred to as a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer.
[0012]
In addition, a vinyl monomer copolymerizable with styrene may be copolymerized with the copolymer within a range not impairing the object of the present invention.
Examples of vinyl monomers copolymerizable with styrene include acrylic acid esters such as methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, α-methylstyrene, o-, m- , P-methylstyrene, bromostyrene, dibromostyrene, chlorostyrene, dichlorostyrene and other aromatic vinyls, unsaturated fatty acids such as maleic acid and fumaric acid, and maleic anhydride and itaconic anhydride Examples include fatty acid anhydrides.
[0013]
In particular, the styrene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer can be controlled to any heat resistance depending on the content of the (meth) acrylic acid unit, and in the present invention, the composition is not particularly limited, but the heat resistance improving effect From the balance of processability, the content weight ratio of styrene and (meth) acrylic acid units in the copolymer is preferably in the range of styrene units / (meth) acrylic acid units = 85 to 97 / 3-15.
[0014]
The molecular weight of the styrene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer and styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer is not particularly limited, but the weight average molecular weight in terms of linear polystyrene determined from a differential refractometer from the balance of strength and workability is The range of 150,000 to 350,000 is preferable, the range of 170,000 to 270,000 is particularly preferable, and the range of 190,000 to 240,000 is more preferable. The molecular weight distribution is not particularly limited, but Mz / Mw is preferably 1.8 or more, and more preferably 2.2 or more.
[0015]
The polymerization method of the styrene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer and the styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include bulk polymerization, solution polymerization, suspension polymerization, and emulsion polymerization. In order to ensure the uniformity of the composition, the polymerization is preferably carried out in a complete mixing type polymerization reactor.
In addition, additives commonly used in styrene resins, such as antioxidants, lubricants, plasticizers, colorants, etc., may be added within a range that does not impair the object of the present invention.
Next, the vinyl aromatic compound and / or the copolymer of methacrylic acid ester and acrylic acid ester in the present invention must have a linear polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight determined by a differential refractometer of at least 300,000 or more. , Preferably 1,300,000 or more, more preferably 3,000,000 or more.
[0016]
When the weight average molecular weight is less than 300,000, when the foamed sheet is produced using the master batch, the effect of improving the deep drawability of the foamed sheet may be insufficient.
Further, the glass transition temperature of the vinyl aromatic compound and / or the copolymer of methacrylic acid ester and acrylic acid ester needs to be 100 ° C. or lower, preferably 90 ° C. or lower. If it exceeds 100 ° C, it must be melt-kneaded sufficiently when it is melt-kneaded with a styrene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer and a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer with a single-screw extruder or a twin-screw extruder. When the foamed sheet is manufactured using such a master batch, the surface appearance of the foamed sheet may be impaired or deep drawability may occur. The improvement effect of may be insufficient.
[0017]
Moreover, the addition amount of the vinyl aromatic compound and / or the copolymer of methacrylic acid ester and acrylic acid ester is in the range of 5.0 to 15.0% by weight. In a master batch of less than 5.0% by weight, the amount of the master batch added to the base resin may increase in order to improve heat softening elongation. Depending on the capacity of the resin supply equipment of the foam extruder, heat softening A sufficient amount of master batch may not be supplied to improve elongation, and the effect of improving the balance between cell diameter and deep drawability may be insufficient. When it exceeds 15.0% by weight, the dispersibility of the master batch becomes insufficient, and depending on the foam extruder, the heat softening elongation may be insufficient as a result. In particular, styrene as the vinyl aromatic compound, methyl methacrylate as the methacrylic acid ester, and butyl acrylate as the acrylic acid ester are preferable from an industrial standpoint.
[0018]
Further, the copolymer may be copolymerized with a vinyl monomer copolymerizable with styrene or methyl methacrylate as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
Examples of vinyl monomers copolymerizable with styrene include acrylic acid esters such as methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, α-methylstyrene, o-, m- , P-methylstyrene, bromostyrene, dibromostyrene, chlorostyrene, dichlorostyrene and other aromatic vinyls, unsaturated fatty acids such as maleic acid and fumaric acid, and maleic anhydride and itaconic anhydride Examples thereof include fatty acid anhydrides, and two or more kinds of the above vinyl monomers may be used in combination.
[0019]
Moreover, the polymerization method of the copolymer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include bulk polymerization, solution polymerization, suspension polymerization, and emulsion polymerization. From the viewpoint of industrial productivity, production by emulsion polymerization is preferable.
Next, the rubbery polymer referred to in the present invention is a polymer exhibiting rubber elasticity at room temperature, such as polybutadiene, polyisoprene, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-isoprene copolymer, and acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer. , Ethylene-α olefin copolymer, ethylene-α olefin-polyene copolymer, acrylic rubber, butadiene-methacrylic acid ester copolymer, hydrogenated styrene-butadiene copolymer, hydrogenated butadiene-based polymer, and the like. . In particular, a block thermoplastic elastomer composed of a vinyl aromatic block and a conjugated diene block or a random thermoplastic elastomer composed of a vinyl aromatic compound and a co-diene compound or a conjugated diene polymer and a vinyl aromatic compound and / or ( A rubber-like polymer grafted with a polymer comprising an alkyl (meth) acrylate is preferred, and from an industrial standpoint, styrene as a vinyl aromatic compound and block styrene thermoplastic elastomer or random styrene heat comprising butadiene as a conjugated diene compound. An MBS resin made of methyl methacrylate as a plastic elastomer or alkyl (meth) acrylate is preferred.
[0020]
The blending amount of the rubbery polymer referred to in the present invention is in the range of 5 to 45% by weight. If it is less than 5% by weight, the master batch may be added to the base resin in order to improve the brittleness of the foamed sheet. Depending on the capacity of the resin supply equipment of the foaming extruder, the brittleness improving effect is improved. For this reason, a sufficient amount of master batch may not be supplied. If it is 45% by weight or more, the dispersibility of the master batch becomes insufficient, and as a result, the brittleness improvement effect of the foam may not appear.
The type of the rubber-like polymer shown above is not particularly limited, but a block styrene thermoplastic elastomer is particularly preferable.
[0021]
The number average molecular weight in terms of linear standard polystyrene obtained by comparing gel permeation chromatograms using differential refractive index detectors of block styrene thermoplastic elastomers with standard linear polystyrene chromatograms is particularly limited. Although it is not a thing, the thing of 250,000 or more is especially preferable.
The composition ratio of styrene and butadiene is not particularly limited, but 50/50 to 20/80 is preferred from the viewpoint of maintaining heat resistance.
[0022]
In addition, the molecular shape of the block copolymer thermoplastic elastomer is not particularly defined, and examples thereof include a linear one, a three-branched one, and a four-branched one. Further, the bonding form of the vinyl aromatic block (S) and the conjugated diene block (B) is not particularly defined, and examples thereof include SB type, SBS type, and SBSB type.
Further, two or more kinds of the above rubbery polymers may be used in combination.
[0023]
Next, the master batch production method of the present invention is a method of melt kneading and pelletizing. Although the extruder used for melt kneading is not particularly limited, it is preferable to use a twin screw extruder. The shape of the rubber-like polymer to be used is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a granular or crumb-like rubbery polymer. Vinyl aromatic compounds and / or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters and acrylic acid esters, which are essential components of the master batch, are difficult to pelletize due to their high molecular weights. Take. Therefore, when using a pellet-like rubbery polymer that is usually used in melt-kneading using an extruder, the vinyl aromatic compound and / or the copolymer of methacrylic acid ester and acrylic acid ester is added in a large proportion. Even if blending is sufficient before melt kneading, the vinyl aromatic compound and / or copolymer of methacrylic acid ester and acrylic acid ester causes classification in the hopper of the extruder, making stable extrusion production difficult. It may become.
[0024]
The term “powder” as used herein refers to the form of a particle group in which particles having a size passing through a sieve having a 28-mesh wire mesh are 50% by weight or more of the whole. In addition, the granular form is a form of a particle group that does not pass through a sieve having a 28-mesh wire mesh, and the size of particles passing through a sieve having a 6-mesh wire mesh is 50% by weight or more. In other words, the crumb shape refers to the form of a cluster of particles formed by aggregation of granular particles.
Further, two or more kinds of irregularly shaped rubbery polymers may be used in combination, and within the range that does not impair the object of the present invention, a pellet-shaped rubbery polymer is used in combination with the rubbery polymer of the shape. There is no problem.
[0025]
Next, in the present invention, when the foamed sheet is produced by extrusion foaming, the heat-resistant styrene copolymer pellets and the master batch are pellet blended, and then extruded and foamed to produce a foam.
For pellet blending, a method using a tumbler, a method of supplying to a hopper of an extruder by a quantitative feeder, and the like are used. The blend ratio of the master batch and the heat-resistant styrene copolymer pellet is not particularly specified, but the master-batch mixing ratio is industrially preferable to be 50% or less.
[0026]
Further, the heat-resistant styrene copolymer to be blended with the master batch may be pre-added with a rubbery polymer as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
It should be noted that additives commonly used in styrene resins, such as antioxidants, lubricants, plasticizers, colorants, heat stabilizers, etc., are added to the master batch within a range that does not impair the purpose of the present invention. It doesn't matter.
[0027]
Moreover, what is necessary is just to use what is used for the production of a normal polystyrene foaming sheet as a foaming agent and a foaming nucleating agent used for production of a foaming sheet.
Examples of such blowing agents include volatile blowing agents such as propane, butane and pentane and mixtures thereof, organic blowing agents such as azodicarbonamide and dinitrosopentamethylene, and inorganic blowing agents such as sodium bicarbonate. In some cases, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water, etc. can be applied.
Examples of the foam nucleating agent include talc, sodium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, calcium carbonate and the like.
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples and comparative examples.
[0028]
【Example】
Styrenic thermoplastic elastomers B-1 and B-2 described in the examples were produced by the method shown in the following reference examples.
[Reference Example 1—Production of High Molecular Weight Styrenic Thermoplastic Elastomer (B-1)]
After the autoclave was internally substituted with nitrogen gas, 20 liters of purified and dried cyclohexane was charged, and then the mixture was stirred and heated to 70 ° C. Next, 0.40 g of n-butyllithium as a catalyst and 1200 g of purified and dried styrene were added and polymerized for 3 hours. Subsequently, 2800 g of purified and dried butadiene was added with a plunger pump and polymerized for 3 hours. After completion of the predetermined polymerization step, silicon tetrachloride was added to stop the polymerization, and a granular branched block copolymer B-1 was obtained. The number average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography of the obtained polymer was 305,000, and the styrene / butadiene weight ratio was 3/7.
[0029]
[Reference Example 2-Production of Styrenic Thermoplastic Elastomer (B-2)]
After the autoclave was internally substituted with nitrogen gas, 20 liters of purified and dried cyclohexane was charged, and then the mixture was stirred and heated to 70 ° C. Next, 0.40 g of n-butyllithium as a catalyst and 1200 g of purified and dried styrene were added and polymerized for 3 hours. Subsequently, 2800 g of purified and dried butadiene was added with a plunger pump and polymerized for 3 hours. After completion of the predetermined polymerization step, methanol was added to stop the polymerization, and a granular block copolymer B-2 was obtained. The number average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography of the obtained polymer was 132,000, and the styrene / butadiene weight ratio was 3/7.
[0030]
Next, the styrene-butyl acrylate copolymers T-2 and T-4 described in the examples were prepared by the method shown in the following reference examples.
Reference Example 3 Production of High Molecular Weight Styrene-Butyl Acrylate Copolymer (T-2) 500 g of deionized water and glacial acetic acid in a 5 liter glass beaker equipped with a stirrer, a reflux cooler and a nitrogen inlet 0.15 g and 0.8 g of sodium chloride were added and purged with nitrogen for 30 minutes. 160 g of styrene, 40 g of butyl acrylate and 4 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate were added and mixed with a homogenizer in a nitrogen atmosphere for 10 minutes to obtain an emulsion. Thereafter, the mixture was heated to 60 ° C. with stirring at 250 rpm, then 20 g of a 1% sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate solution was added, and 0.03 g of t-butylhydroxyperoxide was added. Further, 20 g of a 1% solution of sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate was added at the peak of the polymerization exotherm. After 6 hours, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the emulsion was freeze-dried to recover the copolymer. The weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography of the obtained polymer was 1,450,000.
[0031]
[Reference Example 4-Production of high molecular weight polystyrene (T-4)]
500 g of deionized water, 0.15 g of glacial acetic acid and 0.8 g of sodium chloride were charged into a 5 liter glass beaker equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser and a nitrogen inlet, and purged with nitrogen for 30 minutes. 200 g of styrene and 4 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate were added and mixed with a homogenizer in a nitrogen atmosphere for 10 minutes to obtain an emulsion. Thereafter, the mixture was heated to 60 ° C. with stirring at 250 rpm, then 20 g of a 1% sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate solution was added, and 0.03 g of t-butylhydroxyperoxide was added. Further, 20 g of a 1% solution of sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate was added at the peak of the polymerization exotherm. After 6 hours, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the emulsion was freeze-dried to recover the copolymer. The weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography of the obtained polymer was 1,950,000.
[0032]
The weight average molecular weight Mw and the number average molecular weight Mn shown in the table and in Reference Examples / Examples are the polystyrene conversion obtained by comparing the gel permeation chromatogram using the differential refraction detector with the chromatogram of polystyrene on the standard line. Molecular weight.
The measurement conditions are shown below.
Figure 0003812997
[0033]
The glass transition temperature shown in the table was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) shown below after the copolymer or the like was formed into a film with a compression molding machine heated to 200 ° C.
Figure 0003812997
[0034]
The styrene / butadiene ratio of the styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer shown in the table is determined by oxidative decomposition with di-tert-butyl hydroperoxide using osmium tetroxide as a catalyst, and then adding methanol to the decomposition product to cause precipitation. The weight was calculated by measuring the weight of each component as a polystyrene component.
After the MBS resin and styrene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer were melt-kneaded at 220 ° C. with a twin screw extruder, the granulated pellets were dyed with osmium tetroxide. It is an average value of equivalent circle diameters calculated from the area by taking a photograph magnified 25,000 times with a transmission electron microscope manufactured by Hitachi, measuring the area with an image analysis processor manufactured by Asahi Kasei.
[0035]
The MB productivity shown in the table was evaluated as follows.
○: The strand was stably extruded during the extrusion production of the masterbatch.
X: During production of the masterbatch, strand breakage frequently occurred and stable production was difficult.
XX: At the time of master batch production, classification occurred in the hopper, and the strand thickness was hunting and was not stable.
The surface appearance of the foams shown in the table was evaluated as follows.
○: A foam with a smooth surface and small irregularities.
X: Unfoamed bumps occur on the surface and the appearance is poor.
[0036]
The average cell diameter of the foamed sheet shown in the table is a cross-sectional view parallel to the winding direction of the foamed sheet. It is the average value of the equivalent circle diameter calculated from the area of each cell. The scanning electron microscope used JSM-T200 manufactured by JEOL Ltd., and the image analysis processing device used an image analysis processing device manufactured by Asahi Kasei.
The elongation at break of the foamed sheet shown in the table is the tensile tester after cutting the foamed sheet into a strip of 40 mm × 300 mm after conditioning the foamed sheet for 14 days in a constant temperature room at 23 ° C. and 50% RH. The figure shows the value obtained by dividing the amount of elongation until breaking at a distance of 200 mm between chucks after fixing 50 mm at both ends with a chuck and pulling at 5 mm / sec.
[0037]
The heat-softening elongation of the foamed sheet shown in the table is as follows. After the foamed sheet was conditioned in a temperature-controlled room at 23 ° C. and 50% RH for 14 days, the foamed sheet was cut into a strip of 40 mm × 150 mm. Both ends of 20 mm were fixed with a chuck to a tensile tester with. It is heated at 110 ° C. for 1 minute in a heating furnace, pulled at 5 mm / sec, visually judged for the amount of elongation at which cracks occur on the surface, and the value divided by the distance between chucks of 110 mm.
The foaming ratio of the foams shown in the table is about 5 g of the foam, and about 200 ml of water is put on a 500 ml graduated cylinder, the cut foam is submerged, the volume increment is read, and the specific gravity of water is 1 g / cm. Three Assuming that, the foaming ratio is calculated from the weight ratio as follows.
Increased water volume / cutout foam weight = foam expansion ratio
[0038]
(Examples 1-13, Comparative Examples 1-11)
Styrene-methacrylic acid copolymer (S-1) or styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (S-2), methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate copolymer (T-1) listed in Table 1, styrene -Butyl acrylate copolymer (T-2), methyl methacrylate resin (T-3), high molecular weight polystyrene (T-4), styrene-butadiene block copolymer (B-1, After mixing B-2, B-4) and MBS resin (B-3) at the ratios shown in Tables 3-4, a twin screw extruder adjusted to a 60 mm diameter temperature of 180 to 220 ° C. and a rotation speed of 60 rpm. Extruded and pelletized to obtain a master batch.
[0039]
The obtained master batch was pellet blended using a tumbler at the ratios shown in Tables 5 to 6, and then a foam sheet was produced using an extrusion foaming machine equipped with a circular die having a diameter of 150 mm. did. The temperature of the resin melting zone of the extrusion foaming machine was adjusted to 200 to 230 ° C, the temperature of the rotary cooler was adjusted to 130 to 170 ° C, and the temperature of the T die was adjusted to 160 ° C. As a foam nucleating agent, Mistrone Paper (manufactured by Nippon Mythron Co., Ltd.) is added to the resin at an addition amount of 0.1 part by weight, 0.5 part by weight, or 1.0 part by weight. 4 parts by weight of liquefied butane was added to the resin. The extruded foam sheet was cooled with a cooling mandrill and cut with a cutter at two points on the circumference to obtain a foam sheet having a width of 300 mm and a thickness of 1.8 mm.
The results are shown in Tables 5-6.
[0040]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003812997
[0041]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003812997
[0042]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003812997
[0043]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003812997
[0044]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003812997
[0045]
[Table 6]
Figure 0003812997
[0046]
【The invention's effect】
By using the master batch of the present invention, the styrene- (meth) acrylic acid has an excellent balance between cell diameter and heat-softening elongation, in other words, excellent balance between fine surface appearance and deep drawability, and improved brittleness. A foamed sheet made of a copolymer or a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer can be produced.

Claims (7)

(A)ビニル芳香族化合物及びビニル芳香族化合物と共重合可能なカルボン酸基及び/又はカルボン酸無水物基を有するビニル化合物を必須成分とする耐熱性スチレン系共重合体40.0〜90.0重量%、(B)ゴム状重合体5.0〜45.0重量%、(C)重量平均分子量が少なくとも300、000以上であり、ガラス転移点温度が100℃以下であるビニル芳香族化合物及び/又はメタクリル酸エステルとアクリル酸エステルの共重合体5.0〜15.0重量%を溶融混練してなる耐熱性スチレン系発泡シ−ト製造用マスタ−バッチ。(A) Heat-resistant styrenic copolymer 40.0 to 90 having a vinyl compound having a carboxylic acid group and / or a carboxylic acid anhydride group copolymerizable with a vinyl aromatic compound and a vinyl aromatic compound as an essential component. 0% by weight, (B) rubbery polymer 5.0-45.0% by weight, (C) vinyl aromatic compound having a weight average molecular weight of at least 300,000 or more and a glass transition temperature of 100 ° C. or less And / or a master batch for producing a heat-resistant styrene-based foamed sheet obtained by melt-kneading 5.0 to 15.0% by weight of a copolymer of methacrylic acid ester and acrylic acid ester. (A)成分がスチレン−(メタ)アクリル酸共重合体であり、共重合体のスチレン/(メタ)アクリル酸の重量構成比が97/3〜85/15であり、ポリスチレン換算重量平均分子量が15〜35万であり、(B)成分がスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマ−またはMBS樹脂であり、C成分がスチレン及び/又はメタクリル酸メチルとアクリル酸ブチルとの共重合体である請求項1に記載の耐熱性スチレン系発泡シ−ト製造用マスタ−バッチ。The component (A) is a styrene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer, the weight composition ratio of styrene / (meth) acrylic acid in the copolymer is 97/3 to 85/15, and the weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene is The component (B) is a styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer or MBS resin, and the component C is a copolymer of styrene and / or methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate. Master batch for producing heat-resistant styrene foam sheet. (C)成分の重量平均分子量が少なくとも1、300、000以上であり、ガラス転移点温度が90℃以下である請求項2に記載の耐熱性スチレン系発泡シ−ト製造用マスタ−バッチ。The master batch for producing a heat-resistant styrene-based foam sheet according to claim 2, wherein the component (C) has a weight average molecular weight of at least 1,300,000 or more and a glass transition temperature of 90 ° C or less. (B)成分がスチレン系ブロック熱可塑性エラストマ−であり、ビニル芳香族化合物と共役ジエン化合物の重量組成比が50/50〜20/80であり、(B)成分の数平均分子量が25万以上である請求項3に記載の耐熱性スチレン系発泡シ−ト製造用マスタ−バッチ。The component (B) is a styrene block thermoplastic elastomer, the weight composition ratio of the vinyl aromatic compound and the conjugated diene compound is 50/50 to 20/80, and the number average molecular weight of the component (B) is 250,000 or more. The master batch for producing a heat-resistant styrene-based foamed sheet according to claim 3. (B)成分/(C)成分の重量比が1/1〜10/1である請求項1〜4に記載の耐熱性スチレン系発泡シ−ト製造用マスタ−バッチ。The master batch for producing a heat-resistant styrene-based foam sheet according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of component (B) / component (C) is 1/1 to 10/1. 粉状の(C)成分と顆粒状又はクラム状の(B)成分を使用して、単軸又は2軸の押出機で溶融混練してペレタイズすることを特徴とする請求項1〜5に記載の耐熱性スチレン系発泡シ−ト製造用マスタ−バッチの製造方法。6. The powdery component (C) and the granular or crumb-like component (B) are melt-kneaded and pelletized by a single-screw or twin-screw extruder. Of manufacturing a master batch for producing a heat-resistant styrene foam sheet. 請求項1〜5に記載の耐熱性スチレン系発泡シ−ト製造用マスタ−バッチを用いることを特徴とし、マスタ−バッチと基材樹脂をペレットブレンドした後、押し出し発泡する発泡シートの製造方法。A method for producing a foamed sheet, wherein the masterbatch for producing a heat-resistant styrenic foamed sheet according to claim 1 is used, and the master batch and a base resin are pellet-blended and then extruded and foamed.
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