JP3814219B2 - Injection molding molding method - Google Patents
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- JP3814219B2 JP3814219B2 JP2002105517A JP2002105517A JP3814219B2 JP 3814219 B2 JP3814219 B2 JP 3814219B2 JP 2002105517 A JP2002105517 A JP 2002105517A JP 2002105517 A JP2002105517 A JP 2002105517A JP 3814219 B2 JP3814219 B2 JP 3814219B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、射出成形品の成形方法に関する。更に詳しくは、マグネシウム合金、アルミニウム合金及び亜鉛合金のいずれかよりなり、円柱状又は角柱状に形成されてなる金属射出成形用円柱状又は角柱状合金インゴットを用いて射出成形を行ない成形品を成形する射出成形方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術と発明が解決しようとする課題】
近年、マグネシウム合金は、金属加工用素材として、軽量で強度があり、且つ放熱性,寸法安定性、くぼみ抵抗性、防振性、電磁波シールド性等に優れ、また、表面形状が美麗に仕上がり、リサイクル性に優れ、また、環境に優しい素材として見直されたことから、家電製品、オーデオ製品、OA機器、コンピューター、カメラ、通信、ゲーム機、スポーツ用品等の分野及び電車、自動車、オートバイ、自転車、航空、宇宙等の輸送分野等で、構造材料等として広く利用されている。
【0003】
上記合金類の成形加工は、従来ダイカスト方式とチクソモールディング方式により行なわれているが、ダイカスト方式には、ホットチャンバー方式とコールドチャンバー方式があり、共に大型溶解炉を用いて、通常塊状のインゴットを溶解するため、エネルギーの消費量が多く、保温のためのエネルギーも含めて無駄も多く、作業開始から正常作業に入るまでの時間も掛かり、メンテナンスや作業中のロスも大きいという問題がある。更に、インゴットを直接大型溶解炉の溶湯中に投入するため、安全のために予めインゴットを予備加熱しておく必要がある。このためにエネルギーを消費する。
【0004】
また、上記作業において、大型の溶解炉が密閉式にできないため、そのままでは溶湯が空気中の酸素、窒素と反応して、各々酸化マグネシウムや窒化マグネシウムを生成するので、防燃性不活性ガスとしてSF-6ガス(六フッ化イオウガス)を使用して溶湯の表面に酸化防止保護雰囲気を作っている。該SF-6ガスは1995年開催の「第3回国際マグネシウム会議」において、SF-6ガスの地球温暖化の可能性は、炭酸ガスの25,000倍になるとの論文も発表されている。つまり、洩れた廃棄ガスが、作業環境を悪化させ、大気汚染を惹起する原因となり、更に地球温暖化の一因となる問題も発生している。
【0005】
また更に、上記廃棄ガスは鉄系金属を腐食してマグネシウム、アルミニウム等の金属との化合物を生成し、射出成形機のシリンダーを磨耗させる等の問題の原因となっている。また、合金の一部が空気と接触して高温で加熱されることにより金属の酸化物や窒素化合物を生成し、それがスラッジとなって溶解炉に付属する回転部分や成形機部分等に付着して、汚染や磨耗を起こしたりするためスラッジの除去作業を頻繁に行なう必要があり、また、その作業が高温下での危険な作業でもあり、更に作業環境を悪化させるという問題が生じており、合金と空気の接触を遮断することが、上記廃棄ガスによる環境汚染の問題とともに重要であると認識されている。
【0006】
更に、ダイカスト方式は、大型溶解炉を用いて、多量の溶湯を扱うが、その際に溶湯が空気と接触して燃焼したり、また、水と接触して水蒸気爆発を起こし激しく燃焼するため、地震や水害等の天災の際に大きな事故になる虞がある。
【0007】
一方、チクソモールディング方式は、合金インゴットを切削、切断、破砕等によって2〜5mmの粒状にしたチップを使用する方式で、溶解炉は使用しないので、上記ダイカスト方式のように空気や水と接触することがなく、燃焼や爆発を起こす虞はない。また、チクソモールディング方式は、上記粒状のチップをシリンダーの外部から加熱し、内部のスクリューで先端部に送り、スクリューと加熱シリンダーで溶融混錬して半溶融状態で成形するので、密閉状態で成形される。
【0008】
チクソモールディング方式は、ダイカスト方式に比較すると、溶解炉がなく、エネルギーの消費が少なく、密閉状態で加熱され、酸化防止に少量のアルゴンガスを用いるだけで済むので、作業環境保護、地球温暖化の防止には、かなりの効果がある。しかしながら、合金材料を2〜5mmの粒状に加工するため、合金インゴットを切削、切断、破砕等の2次加工が必要となるためコストが高くなる。また、上記加工の際に粉状の生成物が多くなり、インゴットに比して表面積が非常に大きくなるため、酸化被膜等が生成し易くなり、火災等の事故の発生の危険性が高くなるので、取り扱いや保管に注意が必要となる。
【0009】
また、チクソモールディング方式で用いる粒状チップは、2〜5mmの細粒のため、輸送、保管特に火災には十分な注意が必要であり、チップに油分や水分が少しでも付着していると、予備加熱をせずに直接加熱シリンダー内にスクリューでチップを送り込む方式なので、シリンダー内部で油分や水分がガス化して先端部から溶湯が噴出する等の事故の発生する危険がある。
【0010】
本発明は、上記両方式の問題点を解決するもので、円柱状又は角柱状の形状に形成された合金インゴットが、粒状チップ等と比較すると表面積が小さくなり、空気との反応皮膜が少なく、従って成形品の品質が良く、製品歩留まりも向上することができるとの知見に基づき、上記合金インゴットを用いて射出成形品の成形を行なうに際しては、容易に射出成形を行なうことができ、アルゴンガスを無し又は少量封入しただけで連続成形が可能であり、安全に取り扱うことが可能なマグネシウム合金、アルミニウム合金又は亜鉛合金の射出成形方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、
(1)加熱ゾーンが設けられた射出成形機の加熱シリンダーに、マグネシウム合金、アルミニウム合金及び亜鉛合金のいずれかよりなる円柱状又は角柱状合金インゴットを装入し、前記合金インゴットを射出ピストンで前記加熱ゾーンに押し込んで加熱することにより 、前記合金インゴットに凝固状態と、溶融軟化した拡径状態と、完全溶融状態の溶湯とを形成し、さらに前記凝固状態の合金インゴットをプランジャー代わりに押し込むことにより、前記溶融軟化した拡径状態の合金を前記加熱シリンダーの内壁に密接させつつ、前記溶湯を射出成形金型に送って成形製品を得ることを特徴とする射出成形品の成形方法、
(2)加熱シリンダーに押し込まれる合金インゴットが常温である上記(1)記載の射出成形品の成形方法、
(3)加熱シリンダーの内径が、該加熱シリンダーに押し込まれる合金インゴットの外径よりも大きいことを特徴とする上記(1)又は(2)記載の射出成形品の成形方法、
(4)加熱ゾーンが、複数段階に分けて温度勾配がつけられている上記(1)〜(3)のいずれか記載の射出成形品の成形方法、
(5)加熱ゾーンの温度が、加熱シリンダーの入口側よりも出口側において高いことを特徴とする上記(1)〜(4)のいずれか記載の射出成形品の成形方法、
(6)射出成形機の加熱シリンダー内にアルゴンガスを充填しておいて、前記合金インゴットを装入する上記(1)〜(5)のいずれか記載の射出成形品の成形方法、
を要旨とする。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明について実施例に基づき詳細に説明する。
本発明の金属射出成形用円柱状又は角柱状合金インゴットの合金としては、マグネシウム合金、アルミニウム合金及び亜鉛合金が挙げられ、これらの合金のいずれか1種を用いるものである。
【0013】
マグネシウム合金としては、マグネシウム−アルミニウム−亜鉛系合金、マグネシウム−アルミニウム−マンガン系合金、マグネシウム−アルミニウム−亜鉛−マンガン系合金、マグネシウム−亜鉛−ジルコニウム系合金、マグネシウム−ランタン系合金、マグネシウム−セレン系合金、マグネシウム−リチウム系合金、マグネシウム−ミッションメタル系合金等が挙げられる。
【0014】
アルミニウム合金としては、アルミニウム−青銅系合金、アルミニウム−銅系合金、アルミニウム−マグネシウム系合金、アルミニウム−珪素系合金、アルミニウム−ニッケル系合金、アルミニウム−銅−マグネシウム系合金等が挙げられる。
【0015】
また、亜鉛合金としては、亜鉛−アルミニウム−銅系合金、亜鉛−スズ−銅系合金、亜鉛−アルミニウム−スズ−カドミウム−アンチモン−銅系合金等が挙げられる。
【0016】
本発明の金属射出成形用円柱状又は角柱状合金インゴットは、外径が20〜240mm、長さ100〜1000mmであることが必要である。ここでいう外径とは、成形された円柱状又は角柱状合金インゴットの円柱状又は角柱状の外径をいい、円柱状の時には円形の直径を、角柱状の時には角形の径の最大長さを各々示す。円柱状又は角柱状の外径は40〜100mmであるのがより好ましい。また、該外径の誤差は、規定の外径に対し、上下に0.1〜0.5mmの範囲であるのが好ましく、更に上下に0.1mmの範囲内であるのがより好ましい。該合金インゴットの外径と長さは、使用する金属射出成形機の大きさ・容量・口径等に合わせて決められる。金属の射出成形加工に用いるのに適した長さは、100〜1000mmであるのが好ましく、更に150〜300mmであるのがより好ましい。長さに対する誤差は、規定の長さの上下に1〜3mmであるのが好ましく、上下に1mm以内であるのがより好ましい。
【0017】
上記合金インゴットのサイズが、外径40〜100mm、長さ150〜300mmであるのがより好ましいのは、あまり長く大きい合金インゴットは、製造後運搬したり保管したり、成形加工を行なう上で取り扱い難くなるので、適宜のサイズが好ましく、また、成形加工の際の加熱において溶融するまでに長時間を要し、短時間に加熱するには高熱容量のヒーターを必要とし、場合によっては装置全体を大きくしなければならず、必要以上の設備投資が生じる。また、大量生産を行なうより多品種の成形製品を少量生産するには、大きいインゴットより小さいインゴットを用いる方が、材料の無駄も少なく、製造コストも抑えることができる。
【0018】
本発明の金属射出成形用円柱状又は角柱状合金インゴットの表面は、凹凸がなく、ひび割れの無い平滑な状態が好ましい。凹凸やひび割れがあると、その隙間に空気が入り加熱シリンダー内の溶融の際に酸化物や窒化物を生成する等の問題が生じるので好ましくなく、凹凸の激しいインゴットについては、凹凸の部分又はその全面を切削する必要が生じることがある。
【0019】
円柱状又は角柱状に形成するのは、種々の形状の製品を成形する成形機に最も適用しやすく、且つ使用しやすいからである。また、そのインゴットの長さは、1本のインゴットから成形される製品の数によるが、連続して行なわれる成形作業時間、及び寸法安定性等の高い一定した製品が得られること等も考慮して決められる。
【0020】
金属射出成形用円柱状又は角柱状合金インゴットの第1の製造方法は、溶融合金原料を、銅製の水冷式モールドに連続注湯して急冷凝固させた後、該凝固物を連続的に引き抜いて、外径20〜240mmの円柱状又は角柱状に成形し、次いで長さ100〜1000mmの間の所定の長さに切断して、外径が20〜240mmの円柱状又は角柱状合金インゴットが得られる(「第1の方法」という。)。
【0021】
金属射出成形用円柱状又は角柱状合金インゴットの第2の製造方法は、溶融合金原料を、直径70〜300mmの円柱状ビレットに成形し、次いで該ビレットを約360〜400℃に加熱して押出成形機に装入する。口径が20〜240mmの円柱状又は角柱状の口金より連続的に押出し冷却した後、100〜1000mmの間の所定の長さに切断して外径が20〜240mmの円柱状又は角柱状合金インゴットが得られる(「第2の方法」という。)。
【0022】
金属射出成形用円柱状又は角柱状合金インゴットの第3の製造方法は、溶融合金原料を、内径20〜240mm、長さ100〜1000mmで2分割又は3分割できるように形成された円柱状の鋳型に注湯して冷却し、離型して金属射出成形用円柱状又は角柱状合金インゴットが得られる(以下、「第3の方法」という。)。
【0023】
上記第1の方法及び第2の方法において、連続して得られるインゴットを切断するには、切削用回転刃を設けた切断機を用いるのが好ましい。上記回転刃は、刃の間隔が大きく切断時に微粉の発生し難い刃であるのが好ましい。上記回転刃を連続したインゴットの押出し速度に合わせて回転速度を設定して切断に用いることによって一定した長さの円柱状又は角柱状合金インゴットが得られる。円柱状又は角柱状合金インゴットの長さが不揃いであると製品の成形における成形速度にも影響し、また、精密度の高い成形製品が得られ難くなり、インゴットに無駄を生じ、製品の歩留まりにも影響してくる。
【0024】
上記で得られた円柱状又は角柱状合金インゴットを用いて射出成形品を成形するには、該円柱状又は角柱状合金インゴットをそのまま射出成形機のシリンダーに装入して成形を行なうことができる。そのためには予め成形機のシリンダーの口径、長さ、容量及び得ようとする成形品の重量に応じて、上記合金インゴットの形状、サイズ等を決めておき、それに基づき合金インゴットを製造しておくのが好ましい。
【0025】
上記合金インゴットを射出成形機のシリンダーに装入して成形を行なう場合には、該シリンダー内の入口から出口までの温度を3〜5段階位に分けて温度勾配をつけた加熱ゾーンを設けた加熱シリンダーを用いるのが好ましく、最終加熱ゾーンで合金が完全溶融状態となり、次いで溶湯を射出ピストンで射出成形金型に送って成形する射出成形機に用いることができる。
また、大型の成形品を製造する場合、或いは大きな円柱状の合金インゴットを用いて成形を行なう場合には、加熱ゾーンの数を5段階から8段階に多くしてゆっくり加熱して成形を行なうのが好ましい。
【0026】
上記射出成形において、シリンダーにはアルゴンガスを充填しておき、合金インゴットをシリンダー入口から押し込み、当初は該インゴットをプランジャー代わりに押し込み、シリンダー内で溶解するに伴なってシリンダー内部の形状に変形して内壁に密接し、更に溶解した合金インゴット自らがシールの働きをして洩れを防ぎつつ、完全溶解に至る。その溶湯を射出ピストンで射出成形型に送り、成形製品が得られる。上記合金インゴットを連続してシリンダーに押し込んで溶解、成形を順次行なって連続的に射出成形品を成形することができる。
【0027】
上記合金インゴットを上記の射出成形装置を用いて射出成形を行なうことによって、必要な成形品の数量からインゴットの数量が決められるので、生産計画が立て易く、無駄なくインゴットを利用することができると共に、製品の歩留まりが良く、品質の一定した製品が得られる。また、アルゴンガスは一度充填すれば、その後補充の必要がほとんど無く、余計なガスを使うことも無く、また、有害な廃棄ガスを大量に排出することも無く、従って作業環境も良好に保全され、周辺の空気の汚染も、更に地球温暖化の虞もなくなる。
【0028】
また、成形品によって合金の種類を変える品種替えがある。その場合にダイカスト方式では大型の溶解炉を用いて多量の合金を溶解するので品種替えは極めて困難である。また、チクソモールディング方式では加熱シリンダーからスクリューを取り出し、それに付着している合金及び酸化物等の除去作業があるが、温度も高く危険性もあり困難な作業である。これに対し上記円柱状又は角柱状合金インゴットを上記の射出成形装置を用いて射出成形を行なう場合には、シリンダー内に残った合金を常温で押し出すだけで容易に品種替えを行なうことができる。少ロット多品種の成形品を成形するニーズに対し容易に応えることができる。
【0029】
【実施例】
実施例1
マグネシウム−アルミニウム−亜鉛合金の溶融合金原料を、溶解炉からポンプを用いて口径40mmの銅製の水冷式モールドに連続注湯して急冷凝固させ、モールドから連続的に引抜き、長さ150mmに切断して、外径40mm、長さ150mmの円柱状合金インゴットを得た。
得られた合金インゴットを、常温のまま第1ゾーン(予備加熱ゾーン、100〜300℃)、第2ゾーン(加熱ゾーン、200〜400℃)、第3ゾーン(加熱ゾーン、400〜600℃)、第4ゾーン(溶融加熱ゾーン、580〜670℃)の4段階の加熱ゾーンを設けた加熱シリンダーにアルゴンガスを充填した後装入し、射出ピストンで押し込んで加熱した。合金インゴットは、自ら溶融軟化して拡径状態を形成してシリンダー内部に隙間も無く充填され、更に成形機内で溶融した合金自らがシールとなって洩れを防ぎながら溶融し、第4ゾーンで完全な溶融状態となった溶湯を射出成形型に送り成形品を得た。シリンダーには最初に少量のアルゴンガスを封入した後、補充することなく、連続成形を行なうことができた。溶融‐射出成形の工程において、余計なエネルギーを消費することが無く、また、廃棄ガスの発生も極めて少なく、作業環境も良好で、周辺の空気を汚染することもなかった。更に得られた射出成形品は、光沢性のある表面形状に優れた良品を歩留まり良く製造することができた。
【0030】
比較例1
実施例1に用いたと同じ合金材料を予備加熱して大型の溶解炉に装入し、防燃ガスとしてSF-6を注入して加熱溶解し、射出成形を行なった。上記加熱溶解から射出成形までの工程において、SF-6ガスの廃棄ガスが多量に発生し、作業環境を悪化させ、汚染された空気で工場内及び工場周辺が汚染された。また、成形工程中の大型溶解炉の表面には明らかに合金とは異なるスカム状の不純物が生成し、該不純物が成形品に混入しないように、その発生の度に除去作業を行なった。そのために射出成形の能率が低下した。また、得られた成形品の表面には汚れたように着色成形物の被膜の生成が見られた。
【0031】
実施例2
上記第 2 の方法で製造し、長さ 200 mmに切断されたマグネシウム−アルミニウム‐亜鉛合金よりなる外径 60 mm、長さ 200 mmの正四角柱状合金インゴットを、常温のまま実施例1で用いたと同様の装置を用い、加熱シリンダーにアルゴンガスを充填した後装入し、射出ピストンで押し込んで加熱した。合金インゴットは、自ら溶融軟化して拡径状態を形成してシリンダー内部に隙間も無く充填された。更に成形機内で溶融した合金自らがシールとなって洩れを防ぎ、更に加熱シリンダーの磨耗も防止しながら溶融し、第 4 ゾーンで完全な溶融状態となった。溶湯を射出成形型に送り成形品を得た。射出成形において目的の成形製品が精度良く得られた。
溶解から成形までの製造工程中、周囲には臭気の発生もなく、空気の汚れは殆ど見られず、作業環境も良好であった。また、加熱シリンダー内にはスクリューがないので、清掃を容易に簡単に行なうことができた。
【0032】
実施例3
上記第3の方法により、外径100mm、長さ300mmの円柱状の鋳型に流し込んで製造されたマグネシウム−アルミニウム−亜鉛合金よりなる合金インゴットを、常温のまま実施例1で用いたと同様の装置を用い、加熱シリンダーにアルゴンガスを充填した後装入し、射出ピストンで押し込んで加熱した。合金インゴットは、自ら溶融軟化して拡径状態を形成してシリンダー内部を充填し、更に成形機内で溶融した合金自らがシールとなって洩れを防ぎ、加熱シリンダーの磨耗も防止し、第4ゾーンで完全な溶融状態となった。溶湯を射出成形型に送り成形品を得た。溶解から成形までの工程中、周囲には臭気の発生も、空気の汚れも殆ど見られなかった。成形製品は、寸法精度の高い、表面形状、光沢等に優れた製品であった。
【0033】
比較例2
長さ2〜5mmのマッチ棒状に形成されたアルミニウム-マグネシウム-亜鉛合金チップを、常温のまま外部加熱したシリンダー内にスクリューを回転させながら充填し、順次送り込んで加熱溶解させる。チップの充填に際しては、充填前にシリンダー内の空気をアルゴンガスで置換し、更に充填中もアルゴンガスを送りながら充填作業を行なった。シリンダーで溶解した溶湯を射出成形型に送り、成形を行ない射出成形品を得た。
溶解から成形までの工程中、周囲には臭気の発生も、空気の汚れも少なく、ダイカスト方式のホットチャンバー使用の場合に比較すると環境の汚染、大気汚染の問題は小さいが、工程中アルゴンガスを流し続ける必要がありコストが高くなる。また、スクリューとシリンダーの間にある0.2〜0.4mmの隙間に小さなチップが挟まりスクリューをロックさせ、成形が不可能になった。そのためのメンテナンスに時間と手間を要した。また、チップ形状がマッチ棒状であることで、計量の際にホッパー内でたなつり現象を起こして空打ち現象が発生した。そのために目的の歩留まりが得られず、不良品の発生が高かった。
また、得られた成形製品は、寸法精度、表面形状は合格品ではあったが、表面光沢が劣り、表面に被膜の形成が見られた。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、マグネシウム合金、アルミニウム合金及び亜鉛合金のいずれかよりなる円柱状又は角柱状合金インゴットを形成し、該インゴットを射出成形機の加熱シリンダーに装入し溶融状態とした後、溶解した溶湯を射出成形金型に送って成形製品を得る方法を採用したことにより、従来のダイカスト法に比較して表面に空気との反応により生成する酸化物、窒化物等の不純物の割合が小さくなり、従って寸法精度の高い、表面性状に優れた成形製品を、歩留まり良く得られるという効果が得られる。更に、上記の酸化物等の皮膜がスラッジとなって引起す成形機等の金属接触面の摩滅等の問題も解消され、それらの除去等に要するメンテナンスの時間・費用等が節減されるという効果が得られる。
【0035】
また合金インゴットが円柱状又は角柱状に形成されてなることにより、粉末又は細粒状の合金成形物が生成されないことから、作業等における取り扱いが容易で、火災等の事故の発生が少なくなることで作業上安心して取り扱うことができると共に、上記事故の予防のための設備及び予防処置等のメンテナンスに要する手間、費用を軽減することができるという効果が得られる。
【0036】
また、合金インゴットを用いて射出成形を行ない射出成形品を製造する方法において、予め生産計画に基づいて外径20〜240mm、長さ100〜1000mmの間の規定した円柱状又は角柱状合金インゴットを得て用いることにより、生産計画通りに生産を行なうことができると共に、無駄な合金インゴットの使用が少なくなり、また、半端な再生原料等の発生も少なく、無駄の無い成形品の製造を行なうことができるという効果が得られる。
【0037】
また、不活性ガスの使用において、アルゴンガスを最初の溶解工程で少量封入してその補充することなく、その後連続押出し成形、射出成形を行なうことができることにより、ガスに要する費用及び廃棄ガスに対する処理等に関する手間及び設備に関する費用を節減することができるという効果が得られる。
【0038】
更に円柱状又は角柱状合金インゴットを外部加熱シリンダー内で溶融することができるから、ダイカスト方式の大型の溶解炉で不活性ガスにSF-6を使用した場合に比較して、成形に係るエネルギー消費を大きく低減することができると共に、炭酸ガスを含む廃棄ガスの発生が殆どなくなるので、作業環境が改善され、大気汚染、更に地球温暖化を防ぐことができることで、環境を守ることができるという効果が得られる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for molding an injection molded product. More specifically, a molded product is formed by injection molding using a cylindrical or prismatic alloy ingot for metal injection molding, which is made of any one of a magnesium alloy, an aluminum alloy, and a zinc alloy, and is formed into a cylindrical or prismatic shape. The present invention relates to an injection molding method.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
In recent years, magnesium alloy is lightweight and strong as a material for metal processing, and has excellent heat dissipation, dimensional stability, dent resistance, vibration resistance, electromagnetic wave shielding properties, etc., and the surface shape is beautifully finished. Because it has been reviewed as an environmentally friendly material with excellent recyclability, it can be used in fields such as home appliances, audio products, office automation equipment, computers, cameras, communications, game machines, sports equipment, and trains, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, It is widely used as a structural material in transportation fields such as aviation and space.
[0003]
Molding of the above alloys has been conventionally performed by the die casting method and the thixo molding method. There are two types of die casting methods: a hot chamber method and a cold chamber method. Since it dissolves, there is a problem that it consumes a large amount of energy, is wasteful including energy for heat retention, takes time from the start of work to start normal work, and has a large loss during maintenance and work. Further, since the ingot is directly put into the molten metal of the large melting furnace, it is necessary to preheat the ingot in advance for safety. This consumes energy.
[0004]
In the above work, since a large melting furnace cannot be sealed, the molten metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the air to produce magnesium oxide and magnesium nitride, respectively. SF-6 gas (sulfur hexafluoride gas) is used to create an antioxidant protective atmosphere on the surface of the melt. At the "3rd International Magnesium Conference" held in 1995, a paper was published that the possibility of global warming of SF-6 gas is 25,000 times that of carbon dioxide. That is, the leaked waste gas deteriorates the working environment, causes air pollution, and also causes a problem of global warming.
[0005]
Furthermore, the waste gas corrodes ferrous metals to form compounds with metals such as magnesium and aluminum, and causes problems such as wear of cylinders of injection molding machines. In addition, part of the alloy is heated at a high temperature in contact with air to produce metal oxides and nitrogen compounds, which become sludge and adhere to the rotating parts and molding machine parts attached to the melting furnace. In order to cause contamination and wear, it is necessary to frequently perform sludge removal work, and the work is also a dangerous work under high temperature, which further deteriorates the working environment. It is recognized that the contact between the alloy and air is important as well as the problem of environmental pollution by the waste gas.
[0006]
Furthermore, the die-casting method uses a large melting furnace to handle a large amount of molten metal. At that time, the molten metal comes into contact with air and burns, or because it contacts with water and causes a steam explosion, it burns violently. There is a risk of major accidents during natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods.
[0007]
On the other hand, the thixomolding method is a method that uses a chip of 2 to 5 mm granular by cutting, cutting, crushing, etc. an alloy ingot, and since it does not use a melting furnace, it makes contact with air and water like the above die casting method There is no risk of burning or explosion. In the thixomolding method, the above granular chips are heated from the outside of the cylinder, sent to the tip with an internal screw, melted and kneaded with the screw and heating cylinder, and molded in a semi-molten state. Is done.
[0008]
Compared to the die-casting method, the thixomolding method does not have a melting furnace, consumes less energy, is heated in a sealed state, and only requires a small amount of argon gas to prevent oxidation. Prevention has a considerable effect. However, since the alloy material is processed into a particle having a size of 2 to 5 mm, the alloy ingot needs to be subjected to secondary processing such as cutting, cutting, and crushing, which increases the cost. In addition, the amount of powdery products increases during the above processing, and the surface area becomes very large compared to the ingot, so that an oxide film or the like is easily generated, and the risk of occurrence of an accident such as a fire increases. Therefore, care is required for handling and storage.
[0009]
In addition, the granular chips used in the thixomolding method are 2-5mm fine particles, so it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to transportation, storage, and especially fire. Since the chip is directly fed into the heating cylinder without heating, there is a risk of accidents such as the oil or water being gasified inside the cylinder and the molten metal ejecting from the tip.
[0010]
The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of both types, the alloy ingot formed in a columnar or prismatic shape has a smaller surface area than a granular chip, etc., and there are few reaction films with air, Therefore, based on the knowledge that the quality of the molded product is good and the product yield can be improved, when the injection molded product is molded using the alloy ingot, the injection molding can be easily performed. An object of the present invention is to provide a magnesium alloy , aluminum alloy, or zinc alloy injection molding method that can be continuously formed with no or a small amount and can be handled safely.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention
(1) A cylindrical or prismatic alloy ingot made of any one of a magnesium alloy, an aluminum alloy and a zinc alloy is charged into a heating cylinder of an injection molding machine provided with a heating zone , and the alloy ingot is injected with an injection piston. By pressing into the heating zone and heating , the alloy ingot is formed into a solidified state, a melt-softened diameter expanded state, and a completely molten molten metal, and the solidified alloy ingot is pushed in place of the plunger. According to the method for molding an injection-molded product , wherein the molten softened expanded alloy is brought into close contact with the inner wall of the heating cylinder, and the molten metal is sent to an injection mold to obtain a molded product,
(2) The molding method of the injection molded product according to (1) , wherein the alloy ingot pushed into the heating cylinder is at room temperature ,
(3) The method for molding an injection-molded article according to (1) or (2) , wherein the inner diameter of the heating cylinder is larger than the outer diameter of the alloy ingot pushed into the heating cylinder ,
(4) The method for molding an injection-molded article according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the heating zone is divided into a plurality of stages and has a temperature gradient .
(5) The method for molding an injection-molded article according to any one of (1) to (4) above , wherein the temperature of the heating zone is higher on the outlet side than on the inlet side of the heating cylinder ,
(6) A method for molding an injection-molded product according to any one of (1) to (5) above, wherein argon gas is filled in a heating cylinder of an injection molding machine, and the alloy ingot is charged .
Is the gist.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on examples.
Examples of the alloy of the columnar or prismatic alloy ingot for metal injection molding of the present invention include magnesium alloy , aluminum alloy, and zinc alloy, and any one of these alloys is used.
[0013]
Magnesium alloys include magnesium-aluminum-zinc alloys, magnesium-aluminum-manganese alloys, magnesium-aluminum-zinc-manganese alloys, magnesium-zinc-zirconium alloys, magnesium-lanthanum alloys, magnesium-selenium alloys. , Magnesium-lithium alloys, magnesium-mission metal alloys and the like.
[ 0014 ]
Examples of the aluminum alloy include an aluminum-bronze alloy, an aluminum-copper alloy, an aluminum-magnesium alloy, an aluminum-silicon alloy, an aluminum-nickel alloy, and an aluminum-copper-magnesium alloy.
[ 0015 ]
Examples of the zinc alloy include a zinc-aluminum-copper alloy, a zinc-tin-copper alloy, and a zinc-aluminum-tin-cadmium-antimony-copper alloy.
[ 0016 ]
The columnar or prismatic alloy ingot for metal injection molding of the present invention needs to have an outer diameter of 20 to 240 mm and a length of 100 to 1000 mm. Here, the outer diameter of say, cylindrical or prismatic refers to outer diameter, a circular diameter when the cylindrical, the maximum length of the square size in the case of a prismatic shaped cylindrical or prismatic alloy ingots Are shown respectively . The outer diameter of the columnar or prismatic shape is more preferably 40 to 100 mm. The outer diameter error is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 mm in the vertical direction and more preferably in the range of 0.1 mm in the vertical direction with respect to the specified outer diameter. The outer diameter and length of the alloy ingot are determined according to the size, capacity, diameter, etc. of the metal injection molding machine to be used. The length suitable for use in metal injection molding is preferably 100 to 1000 mm, more preferably 150 to 300 mm. The error with respect to the length is preferably 1 to 3 mm above and below the specified length, and more preferably within 1 mm above and below.
[ 0017 ]
It is more preferable that the size of the alloy ingot is 40 to 100 mm in outer diameter and 150 to 300 mm in length. Large and long alloy ingots are handled after being manufactured, transported, stored, and processed. Appropriate size is preferable because it becomes difficult, and it takes a long time to melt in heating at the time of molding, and a high-heat capacity heater is required for heating in a short time. It must be increased, resulting in unnecessary capital investment. Further, in order to produce a small amount of a large variety of molded products rather than mass production, use of an ingot smaller than a large ingot results in less waste of materials and lowers manufacturing costs.
[ 0018 ]
The surface of the columnar or prismatic alloy ingot for metal injection molding of the present invention is preferably smooth and free from cracks. If there are irregularities or cracks, it is not preferable because air enters into the gaps and problems such as formation of oxides and nitrides occur when melting in the heating cylinder. It may be necessary to cut the entire surface.
[ 0019 ]
The reason why it is formed into a columnar shape or a prismatic shape is that it is most easily applied to a molding machine that forms products of various shapes and is easy to use. In addition, the length of the ingot depends on the number of products formed from one ingot, but it is also considered that a constant product with high dimensional stability and the like can be obtained with continuous molding operation time. Can be decided.
[ 0020 ]
The first method for producing a columnar or prismatic alloy ingot for metal injection molding is to continuously melt and melt the molten alloy raw material into a copper water-cooled mold and rapidly solidify it, and then continuously withdraw the solidified product. , Molded into a cylindrical or prismatic shape with an outer diameter of 20 to 240 mm, and then cut into a predetermined length between 100 and 1000 mm to obtain a cylindrical or prismatic alloy ingot with an outer diameter of 20 to 240 mm is (hereinafter referred to as "first method".).
[ 0021 ]
A second method for producing a cylindrical or prismatic alloy ingot for metal injection molding is to form a molten alloy raw material into a cylindrical billet having a diameter of 70 to 300 mm, and then heat the billet to about 360 to 400 ° C. to extrude. Insert into the molding machine. A cylindrical or prismatic alloy ingot having an outer diameter of 20 to 240 mm after being continuously extruded and cooled from a cylindrical or prismatic die having a diameter of 20 to 240 mm and then cooled to a predetermined length of 100 to 1000 mm. is obtained (. referred to as a "second method").
[ 0022 ]
A third method for producing a cylindrical or prismatic alloy ingot for metal injection molding is a cylindrical mold formed so that a molten alloy raw material can be divided into two or three parts with an inner diameter of 20 to 240 mm and a length of 100 to 1000 mm. Then, the molten metal is poured and cooled, and then released to obtain a cylindrical or prismatic alloy ingot for metal injection molding (hereinafter referred to as “third method”).
[ 0023 ]
In the first method and the second method, in order to cut the ingot obtained continuously, it is preferable to use a cutting machine provided with a cutting rotary blade. It said rotary blade is preferably a hardly occurs blades of fines during the interval of the blade size rather cutting. A cylindrical or prismatic alloy ingot having a fixed length can be obtained by setting the rotational speed in accordance with the extrusion speed of the continuous ingot and using the rotary blade for cutting. If the lengths of the cylindrical or prismatic alloy ingots are not uniform, it will affect the molding speed in the molding of the product, and it will be difficult to obtain a molded product with high precision, resulting in waste of the ingot and increasing the product yield. Will also affect.
[ 0024 ]
In order to form an injection molded product using the columnar or prismatic alloy ingot obtained above, the columnar or prismatic alloy ingot can be directly molded into a cylinder of an injection molding machine for molding. . For that purpose, the shape, size, etc. of the alloy ingot are determined in advance according to the diameter, length, capacity, and weight of the molded product to be obtained, and the alloy ingot is manufactured based on the determined shape. Is preferred.
[ 0025 ]
When the above alloy ingot is charged into a cylinder of an injection molding machine for molding, a heating zone with a temperature gradient is provided by dividing the temperature from the inlet to the outlet in the cylinder into three to five stages. It is preferable to use a heating cylinder, which can be used in an injection molding machine in which the alloy is completely melted in the final heating zone, and then the molten metal is sent to an injection mold by an injection piston.
Also, when manufacturing large molded products, or when molding using large cylindrical alloy ingots, increase the number of heating zones from 5 to 8 and perform heating slowly. Is preferred.
[ 0026 ]
In the above injection molding, the cylinder is filled with argon gas, and the alloy ingot is pushed in from the cylinder inlet. At first, the ingot is pushed in place of the plunger, and as it melts in the cylinder, it is deformed into the shape inside the cylinder. Then, the molten alloy ingot itself is in close contact with the inner wall and functions as a seal to prevent leakage and complete melting. The molten metal is sent to an injection mold by an injection piston, and a molded product is obtained. The alloy ingot can be continuously pushed into a cylinder and melted and molded sequentially to continuously mold an injection molded product.
[ 0027 ]
By performing injection molding of the alloy ingot using the above injection molding apparatus, the number of ingots can be determined from the number of necessary molded products, making it easy to plan production and using the ingot without waste. The product yield is good and a product with a constant quality can be obtained. Also, once filled with argon gas, there is almost no need for replenishment thereafter, no extra gas is used, no large amount of harmful waste gas is discharged, and the working environment is also well maintained. , Pollution of the surrounding air and further global warming are eliminated.
[ 0028 ]
There is also a variety change that changes the type of alloy depending on the molded product. In this case, the die-casting method is extremely difficult to change varieties because a large amount of alloy is melted using a large melting furnace. Further, in the thixomolding method, the screw is taken out from the heating cylinder and the alloy, oxide, etc. adhering to it are removed, but the temperature is high and there is a danger and it is difficult. On the other hand, when the cylindrical or prismatic alloy ingot is injection molded using the above-described injection molding apparatus, it is possible to easily change the product type by simply extruding the alloy remaining in the cylinder at room temperature. It is possible to easily meet the needs of molding small lots and many types of molded products.
[ 0029 ]
【Example】
Example 1
The molten alloy raw material of magnesium-aluminum-zinc alloy is continuously poured from a melting furnace into a water-cooled copper mold with a diameter of 40 mm using a pump, rapidly solidified, continuously drawn from the mold, and cut to a length of 150 mm. Thus, a cylindrical alloy ingot having an outer diameter of 40 mm and a length of 150 mm was obtained.
The obtained alloy ingot is kept at room temperature in the first zone (preheating zone, 100 to 300 ° C), the second zone (heating zone, 200 to 400 ° C), the third zone (heating zone, 400 to 600 ° C), A heating cylinder provided with a four-stage heating zone in the fourth zone (melting heating zone, 580 to 670 ° C.) was charged with argon gas, charged, and then heated by being pushed by an injection piston. The alloy ingot melts and softens itself to form a diameter-expanded state and fills the cylinder without any gaps. The alloy melted in the molding machine melts itself as a seal to prevent leakage, and completes in the fourth zone. The molten metal in a molten state was sent to an injection mold to obtain a molded product. The cylinder was initially filled with a small amount of argon gas, and then continuous molding could be performed without refilling. In the melt-injection molding process, no extra energy was consumed, the generation of waste gas was extremely small, the working environment was good, and the surrounding air was not contaminated. Further, the obtained injection molded product was able to produce a good product excellent in glossy surface shape with a good yield.
[ 0030 ]
Comparative Example 1
The same alloy material as used in Example 1 was preheated and charged into a large melting furnace, SF-6 was injected as a flameproof gas, and was heated and melted to perform injection molding. In the process from heating and melting to injection molding, a large amount of SF-6 gas was generated, which deteriorated the working environment, and contaminated air contaminated the factory and its surroundings. Further, a scum-like impurity clearly different from the alloy was generated on the surface of the large melting furnace during the molding process, and removal was performed each time the impurity was not mixed into the molded product. As a result, the efficiency of injection molding decreased. In addition, the surface of the obtained molded product was found to be colored and formed as a film of a colored molded product.
[ 0031 ]
Example 2
The produced by the second method, the magnesium cut to length 200 mm - Aluminum - using an outer diameter 60 mm made of zinc alloy, a square post alloy ingot length 200 mm, while in Example 1 at room temperature Using the same apparatus as that described above, the heating cylinder was charged with argon gas, charged, and then heated by being pushed by the injection piston. The alloy ingot melted and softened itself to form an expanded diameter state, and filled in the cylinder without any gaps. Furthermore, the alloy melted in the molding machine itself became a seal to prevent leakage, and further, while preventing the wear of the heating cylinder, it melted and became completely molten in the fourth zone. The molten metal was sent to an injection mold to obtain a molded product. The target molded product was obtained with high accuracy in injection molding.
During the manufacturing process from melting to molding, no odor was generated in the surrounding area, almost no air contamination was observed, and the working environment was good. Moreover, since there was no screw in the heating cylinder, cleaning could be performed easily and easily.
[ 0032 ]
Example 3
An apparatus similar to that used in Example 1 was used for an alloy ingot made of a magnesium-aluminum-zinc alloy produced by pouring into a cylindrical mold having an outer diameter of 100 mm and a length of 300 mm by the third method. The heating cylinder was charged with argon gas, charged, and then pushed by the injection piston for heating. The alloy ingot melts and softens itself to form an expanded state and fills the inside of the cylinder, and the alloy melted in the molding machine itself serves as a seal to prevent leakage and prevent wear of the heating cylinder. And became completely molten. The molten metal was sent to an injection mold to obtain a molded product. During the process from dissolution to molding, there was almost no odor generation and no air contamination around. The molded product was a product with high dimensional accuracy, excellent surface shape, gloss and the like.
[ 0033 ]
Comparative Example 2
An aluminum-magnesium-zinc alloy chip formed in the shape of a match rod having a length of 2 to 5 mm is filled in a cylinder heated outside at room temperature while rotating the screw, and sequentially fed and dissolved by heating. When filling the chip, the air in the cylinder was replaced with argon gas before filling, and the filling operation was performed while argon gas was being fed during filling. The molten metal melted in the cylinder was sent to an injection mold and molded to obtain an injection molded product.
During the process from melting to molding, there is little odor generation and air contamination in the surroundings, and there are less problems of environmental pollution and air pollution than when using a die-cast hot chamber, but argon gas is used during the process. It is necessary to keep flowing, and the cost becomes high. In addition, a small chip was caught in the gap of 0.2 to 0.4 mm between the screw and the cylinder, and the screw was locked, making it impossible to mold. It took time and effort to maintain it. In addition, since the tip shape is a match rod shape, a hot-roll phenomenon has occurred due to a tapping phenomenon in the hopper during weighing. Therefore, the target yield was not obtained, and the occurrence of defective products was high.
Moreover, although the obtained molded product was a dimensional accuracy and the surface shape were acceptable products, the surface gloss was inferior, and a film was formed on the surface.
[ 0034 ]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention forms a cylindrical or prismatic alloy ingot made of any one of a magnesium alloy , an aluminum alloy, and a zinc alloy , and the ingot is charged into a heating cylinder of an injection molding machine to be in a molten state, and then melted. By adopting a method of obtaining a molded product by sending the product to an injection mold, the ratio of impurities such as oxides and nitrides generated by reaction with air on the surface is reduced compared to the conventional die casting method, Therefore, it is possible to obtain an effect that a molded product having high dimensional accuracy and excellent surface properties can be obtained with high yield. In addition, problems such as wear of metal contact surfaces of molding machines and the like caused by the above-mentioned oxide film as sludge are also eliminated, and maintenance time and cost required to remove them are reduced. Is obtained.
[ 0035 ]
In addition, since the alloy ingot is formed in a columnar or prismatic shape , a powder or fine-grained alloy molded product is not generated, so handling in work etc. is easy and the occurrence of accidents such as fires is reduced. In addition to being able to handle with peace of mind in terms of work, it is possible to reduce the labor and cost required for maintenance such as the above-mentioned accident prevention equipment and preventive measures.
[ 0036 ]
In addition, in a method of manufacturing an injection molded product by performing injection molding using an alloy ingot, a cylindrical or prismatic alloy ingot having a predetermined outer diameter of 20 to 240 mm and a length of 100 to 1000 mm based on a production plan is prepared. By obtaining and using it, production can be performed according to the production plan, the use of waste alloy ingots is reduced, and there is little generation of waste recycled materials, etc., and the production of waste-free molded products is performed. The effect of being able to be obtained.
[ 0037 ]
In addition, in the use of inert gas, it is possible to carry out continuous extrusion molding and injection molding without enclosing a small amount of argon gas in the initial melting step and replenishing it. It is possible to save the labor related to etc. and the cost related to the equipment.
[ 0038 ]
In addition, since cylindrical or prismatic alloy ingots can be melted in an external heating cylinder, energy consumption related to molding is greater than when SF-6 is used as an inert gas in a large die-cast melting furnace. The amount of waste gas containing carbon dioxide gas is almost eliminated, and the working environment is improved, and air pollution and further global warming can be prevented, thereby protecting the environment. Is obtained.
Claims (6)
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