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JP3817751B2 - Method for producing polyglycerol fatty acid ester - Google Patents
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JP3817751B2 - Method for producing polyglycerol fatty acid ester - Google Patents

Method for producing polyglycerol fatty acid ester Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3817751B2
JP3817751B2 JP01415895A JP1415895A JP3817751B2 JP 3817751 B2 JP3817751 B2 JP 3817751B2 JP 01415895 A JP01415895 A JP 01415895A JP 1415895 A JP1415895 A JP 1415895A JP 3817751 B2 JP3817751 B2 JP 3817751B2
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Prior art keywords
fatty acid
reaction
acid
packed tower
temperature
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JP01415895A
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JPH08198811A (en
Inventor
行雄 加曽利
智明 梅沢
康司 山崎
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

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  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルの製造方法に関する。詳しくは、ポリグリセリンと炭素数8〜22個の脂肪酸とを原料とし、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル(以下、PoGEと略称する。)を安定して製造する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、PoGEは、食品添加物として認可された安全性の高い界面活性剤として知られており、主として食品用乳化剤や可溶化剤として用いられているが、更に、化粧品、食品及び食品用洗浄剤などへの用途や、口腔内用組成物などの用途も試みられている。
【0003】
この様な用途のあるPoGEの製法としては、例えば、特開昭63−68541号公報に記載されているように、通常、複数個の凝縮器を備えた反応器を用いて、ポリグリセリンと脂肪酸とをエステル化反応させる方法が知られている。この刊行物に記載されている方法によると、エステル化反応の反応性が良好で、不活性ガス気流下、少量のアルカリ触媒を用いて、180〜260℃の範囲の温度条件で、副生水を反応系外に留去しながら、エステル化反応を遂行することができる。
【0004】
しかしながら、このエステル化反応においては、反応器から揮発したガスの全量を系外に導き、これを凝縮しているので、揮発ガス中に含まれる原料の脂肪酸の蒸気が、副生する水に同伴され、凝縮器以降で冷却固化し、反応装置のパイプ内に付着し、トラブルの原因になる。また、脂肪酸が反応系外に留出することにより、ポリグリセリンと脂肪酸とのモル比が変化し、目的とするエステル化率を有するPoGEが得られないという問題が発生する。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、ポリグリセリンと脂肪酸とをエステル化反応させてPoGEを製造する際に、脂肪酸の反応系外への留出を抑制し、目的とするエステル化率を有するポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルを安定して製造する方法を提供することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために、請求項1に係る発明においては、ポリグリセリンと炭素数8〜22の脂肪酸とを反応させてポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルを製造する方法において、上部に充填塔を連結した反応器を用い、反応系内のガスを充填塔の頂部から70〜120℃の温度で反応系外に流出させつつ反応を行わせることにより、副生水は流出させ且つ脂肪酸の流出は抑制しつつ反応を行い、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルを製造する、とい
う手段を講じているものである。
【0007】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明方法では、ポリグリセリンと炭素数8〜22個の脂肪酸を原料とする。原料のポリグリセリンは、(1) グリセリンに水酸化ナトリウム等の触媒を添加して、窒素などの不活性ガス気流下で、180℃以上の高温で縮重合反応させる方法、(2) グリセリンにグリシドールを付加させる方法、(3) グリシドールを開環重合させる方法、などによって得られる。
本発明方法で使用できるポリグリセリンは、通常、平均重合度(n)が4〜15、水酸基価845〜1100のものである。
【0008】
原料の脂肪酸は、炭素数8〜22個の飽和脂肪酸または不飽和脂肪酸、また直鎖状脂肪酸、側鎖をもつ脂肪酸またはヒドロキシ基置換脂肪酸であってもよい。脂肪酸の炭素数が8〜22個であると、最終的に得られるポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルの界面活性剤としての性能が優れたものとなるが、8個未満または炭素数が22個を越えると、最終的に得られる製品の界面活性剤としての性能が優れたものとならないので、好ましくない。
【0009】
脂肪酸の具体例としては、カプリル酸、2−エチルヘキサン酸、カプリン酸、ウンデシル酸、ウンデシレン酸、ラウリン酸、ドデシル酸、トリデシル酸、イソトリデカン酸、ミリスチン酸、ペンタデシル酸、パルミチン酸、パルミトレイン酸、ヘプタデシル酸、ステアリン酸、イソステアリン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸、ノナデカン酸、オレイン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸、アラキン酸、ベヘン酸、セトレイン酸、エルカ酸、リシノール酸、リグノセリン酸、ヒドロキシテアリン酸などが挙げられる。
【0010】
これら脂肪酸の中で、例えば、ステアリン酸、パルミチン酸、ベヘン酸などの飽和脂肪酸を用いた場合には、冷却により固化しやすいので、本発明の目的が効果的に達成できる。
【0011】
上記ポリグリセリンと脂肪酸とをエステル化反応させる際には、通常、ポリグリセリン1モルに対して脂肪酸を0.01〜17モル、好ましくは0.1〜13モルである。本発明方法に従ってエステル化反応させる場合には、原料の脂肪酸が反応系外へ留出しないので、反応遂行している間、原料を所定のモル比に維持でき、従って、容易に当初設定した所望のエステル化率となる当量比を有するPoGEが得られる。
【0012】
上記ポリグリセリンと脂肪酸とのエステル化反応は、触媒を存在させずに遂行することもできるが、アルカリ触媒を用いるのが好ましい。使用できるアルカリ触媒としては、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウムなどのアルカリ金属、マグネシウム、カリウムなどのアルカリ土類金属、これらの酸化物、水酸化物、アルコラート、炭酸塩、重炭酸塩など、通常のエステル化反応に用いられるものが、制限なしに使用できる。アルカリ触媒の使用する場合の量は、通常のエステル化反応に使用される範囲で、ポリグリセリンと脂肪酸との合計量に対して最高5重量%である。
【0013】
本発明方法では、上部に充填塔を連結した反応器を用いて、エステル化反応を行う。反応器は、内温を調節できる熱媒循環用ジャケットを装着し、かつ、攪拌機を備えた縦型反応槽が好ましく、その上部には充填塔を連結する。
充填塔は、エステル化反応遂行中に、反応槽から蒸発し脂肪酸を同伴した蒸気を、脂肪酸の大部分を凝縮させ反応器に選択的に還流させ、その塔頂から、エステル化反応で副生した水を塔頂からパージ(留去)する機能を果たす。
【0014】
充填塔は、充填塔内の温度を調節できる熱媒循環用ジャケットを装備した複数段のものより構成される。その理論段数は充填塔の設定温度、充填物の充填率、充填塔に循環する蒸気の量などにより異なるが、通常1段以上必要であり、好ましくは3〜20段である。この段数が少ないと、脂肪酸の還流が不十分となり、脂肪酸が第1段凝縮器以降で冷却固化し、パイプ内に付着し、径の細いパイプでは閉塞したり、ポリグリセリンと脂肪酸のモル比を、正確に維持できなくなる。逆に、理論段数が大きいと、副生した水をパージ(留去)する際の圧損失が大きくなり、充填塔で脂肪酸と副生する水を、分離することが困難になる。
【0015】
充填塔は、反応槽の大きさ、原料のモル比、反応温度などによって種々変更することができ、そのL/Dは3〜25の範囲で選ぶことができる。
充填塔には、その内部に充填物を充填し、塔頂には直列に冷却器を配置するのが好ましい。充填物としては、ラシッヒリング、ベルルサドル、マクマホン、キャノン、ステップマン、スルーザパッキン、ディクソンパッキン、インターロックスサドル、レッシングリング、テラレッテパッキンなどが挙げられる。
充填塔の充填物による充填率は、充填塔の大きさ、L/D、圧損失などによって変えることができ、5〜50%の範囲で選ぶことができる。
【0016】
充填塔の頂部に直列に配置した冷却器は、充填塔の塔頂からパージ(留去)された副生水や、副生した軽沸点物などを冷却し、凝縮させる作用をする。副生水は冷却し、排水・廃棄物として廃棄する。
【0017】
本発明方法に従いエステル化反応する際には、通常、反応器に、ポリグリセリン、脂肪酸、触媒を仕込み、攪拌下、加熱することによって、遂行する。この際の加熱温度は、通常、180〜270℃の範囲であり、圧力は、通常、常圧である。反応時間は、原料の種類、触媒の有無、触媒の種類、反応温度などにより、数時間ないし十数時間の範囲で選ばれる。
【0018】
エステル化反応は、反応開始直後に相当の水準まで進み、この反応初期段階で原料の転化率が90%以上に達し、この転化率に相当する副生水が発生する。相当の転化率に達した反応系の反応を完結するには、反応温度を反応初期の温度から高温側に昇温し、反応させるのが好ましい。
エステル化反応の終了は、段階ごとに反応器内容物を分析して、確認することができる。
【0019】
本発明方法に従いエステル化反応する際に、反応系内に不活性ガスを流通させてもよい。不活性ガスとしては、窒素が代表的であり、その量は、反応液1リットルあたり0.5〜20リットル/hrの範囲が好適である。窒素は、副生する水のキャリアーの機能を果たすが、流通量多すぎると、脂肪酸の充填塔での還流が困難になる。
【0020】
反応系内に不活性ガスを流通させると、エステル化反応によって副生した水がこの不活性ガスによって同伴され、充填塔の塔頂からパージ(留去)を促進することができる。
【0021】
エステル化反応は、脂肪酸の反応系外への留出を抑制しつつ、副生水を充填塔からパージ(留去)しながら反応を行う必要がある。すなわち、充填物を充填した充填塔の温度を調節することにより、反応器から蒸発した沸点の低い副生水を充填塔の頂部に導き、副生水に同伴された脂肪酸の大部分(99%以上)を反応器に還流させ、脂肪酸の反応系外への留出を1%未満とする。
【0022】
このようにするには、充填塔の構造、熱効率、充填物の大きさ、充填率などによって差があるが、本発明者らの実験によると、充填塔の頂部の温度を70〜120℃に調節する必要がある。充填塔の塔頂の温度を上記範囲に調節するには、充填塔のジャケットに通す熱媒の温度で調節するのがよく、熱媒の温度を50〜200℃、特に好ましくは60〜150℃にするのがよい。
【0023】
本発明方法によって得られたポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル(PoGE)は、原料の組合わせ、モル比により異なった生成物となる。ある種のものは、水と混合し、例えば40重量%の水溶液として反応器から取り出し、ある種のものは、流動性を発揮する温度で反応器から取り出し、ある種のものは、フレーカーを用いて冷却、固化させた後、粉砕して粉末化することにより反応器から取り出すことができる。
【0024】
ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルは、食品添加物として認可された安全性の高い非イオン性界面活性剤であり、乳化剤、防曇剤、医薬用、食品添加物用および化粧品用原料などに使用される。
【0025】
【発明の効果】
本発明方法は、次のような有利な効果を奏し、その産業上の利用価値は極めて大である。
1.本発明方法によるときは、エステル化反応を行う反応器として、上部に充填塔を連結した反応器を使用するので、エステル化反応で副生する水を反応系外へパージ(留去)するのが容易である。
2.本発明方法によるときは、反応器の上部に連結した充填塔によって、脂肪酸の反応系外への留出を抑制しつつ、副生水を充填塔からパージしながら反応を行うので、反応系内の原料モル比が変化せず、PoGEを安定して製造することができる。
3.本発明方法によるときは、副生水に同伴される脂肪酸を充填塔で反応器に還流させるので、パイプ内に付着したり、径の細いパイプでも閉塞したりすることがない。
【0026】
【実施例】
次に、本発明を実施例によって更に具体的に説明するが、本発明はその趣旨を越えない限り以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0027】
[実施例1]
窒素導入管、温度計、加熱ジャケット、攪拌機を備えた容量2リトルの円筒型反応器の上部に、理論段数6段の充填塔(23mmφ×200mm)を連結し、この充填塔には、この容積に対して30容量%相当量ディクソンパッキンを充填し、充填塔の塔頂には冷却器を直列に配列した。
【0028】
上の反応器に、ポリグリセリン(平均重合度10、水酸基価888mg KOH/g)540gと、ステアリン酸960g(理論エステル化率39.5%)とを仕込んで攪拌、混合した。
反応器の内温を240℃に昇温し、充填塔の塔頂温度を101℃に保持した。反応器内温が240℃に達したときに、10重量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を0.36ミリリトル添加し、この温度で5時間エステル化反応を行った。引続きエステル化反応を完結するため、20分で反応器の内温を260℃に昇温し、この温度で2時間保持してエステル化反応を終了した。
【0029】
なお、この間、充填塔の塔頂から排出されるガスは、冷却器によって30℃以下にして凝縮させた。
エステル化反応を終了後、反応器の内温を冷却し、反応生成物(PoGE)を回収したところ1440gであり、このPoGEのエステル化率は39.0%で、理論値と近似していた。
また、充填塔および凝縮系内部を点検したところ、ステアリン酸の付着は認められなかった。
【0030】
[比較例1]
実施例1に記載の例において、同例で使用した反応器の充填塔に充填物を充填しない反応器を使用し、原料の種類、仕込み量、反応温度、反応時間などは、同例におけると同様にして、エステル化反応を行った。
反応終了後、得られたPoGEのエステル化率は33.5%で、理論値に比し低かった。また、充填塔および凝縮系内部を点検したところ、ステアリン酸が付着していた。
[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method for producing a polyglycerol fatty acid ester. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for stably producing a polyglycerol fatty acid ester (hereinafter abbreviated as PoGE) using polyglycerol and a fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms as raw materials.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, PoGE has been known as a highly safe surfactant approved as a food additive, and is mainly used as an emulsifier and solubilizer for foods. In addition, applications such as intraoral compositions have been attempted.
[0003]
As a method for producing PoGE having such a use, for example, as described in JP-A-63-68541, a polyglycerin and a fatty acid are usually used using a reactor equipped with a plurality of condensers. Is known to be esterified. According to the method described in this publication, the reactivity of the esterification reaction is good, and by-product water is used under a temperature condition in the range of 180 to 260 ° C. using a small amount of an alkali catalyst under an inert gas stream. The esterification reaction can be carried out while distilling out of the reaction system.
[0004]
However, in this esterification reaction, the entire amount of gas volatilized from the reactor is led out of the system and condensed, so that the fatty acid vapor of the raw material contained in the volatile gas is entrained in the by-product water. Then, it cools and solidifies after the condenser and adheres in the pipe of the reactor, causing trouble. Further, when the fatty acid is distilled out of the reaction system, the molar ratio of polyglycerin and fatty acid is changed, and there arises a problem that PoGE having a target esterification rate cannot be obtained.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to produce a polyglycerin fatty acid ester having a target esterification rate by suppressing the distillation of the fatty acid out of the reaction system when producing PoGE by esterifying a polyglycerol and a fatty acid. The object is to provide a method for stable production.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in the invention according to claim 1, in the method for producing polyglycerin fatty acid ester by reacting polyglycerin with a fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, a reaction in which a packed tower is connected to the upper part. vessels have use of the gas in the reaction system by causing the reaction while the outflow from the reaction system at a temperature of 70 to 120 ° C. at the top of the packed column, the outflow of the product water is and fatty drained suppresses The reaction is carried out while producing a polyglycerol fatty acid ester.
[0007]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
In the method of the present invention, polyglycerol and a fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms are used as raw materials. The raw material polyglycerin is (1) a method in which a catalyst such as sodium hydroxide is added to glycerin and subjected to a polycondensation reaction at a high temperature of 180 ° C. or higher in an inert gas stream such as nitrogen. And (3) ring-opening polymerization of glycidol.
The polyglycerin that can be used in the method of the present invention is usually one having an average degree of polymerization (n) of 4 to 15 and a hydroxyl value of 845 to 1100.
[0008]
The starting fatty acid may be a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, a linear fatty acid, a fatty acid having a side chain, or a hydroxy group-substituted fatty acid. When the fatty acid has 8 to 22 carbon atoms, the performance of the finally obtained polyglycerol fatty acid ester as a surfactant will be excellent, but when it is less than 8 or more than 22 carbon atoms, Since the performance as a surfactant of the product finally obtained is not excellent, it is not preferable.
[0009]
Specific examples of fatty acids include caprylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, capric acid, undecyl acid, undecylenic acid, lauric acid, dodecylic acid, tridecylic acid, isotridecanoic acid, myristic acid, pentadecylic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, heptadecyl Acids, stearic acid, isostearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, nonadecanoic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, cetoleic acid, erucic acid, ricinoleic acid, lignoceric acid, hydroxythelic acid, etc. Can be mentioned.
[0010]
Among these fatty acids, for example, when saturated fatty acids such as stearic acid, palmitic acid, and behenic acid are used, they are easily solidified by cooling, so that the object of the present invention can be effectively achieved.
[0011]
When the polyglycerol and the fatty acid are esterified, the amount of the fatty acid is usually 0.01 to 17 mol, preferably 0.1 to 13 mol, with respect to 1 mol of the polyglycerol. When the esterification reaction is carried out according to the method of the present invention, since the raw material fatty acid does not distill out of the reaction system, the raw material can be maintained at a predetermined molar ratio while the reaction is being carried out. PoGE having an equivalent ratio that yields an esterification ratio of is obtained.
[0012]
The esterification reaction between the polyglycerin and the fatty acid can be performed without the presence of a catalyst, but an alkali catalyst is preferably used. Usable alkali catalysts include alkali metals such as lithium, sodium and potassium, alkaline earth metals such as magnesium and potassium, their oxides, hydroxides, alcoholates, carbonates, bicarbonates, etc. What is used for reaction can be used without a restriction | limiting. When the alkali catalyst is used, the amount is within the range used for ordinary esterification reaction, and is a maximum of 5% by weight based on the total amount of polyglycerin and fatty acid.
[0013]
In the method of the present invention, the esterification reaction is carried out using a reactor having a packed tower connected to the upper part. The reactor is preferably a vertical reaction tank equipped with a heat medium circulation jacket capable of adjusting the internal temperature and equipped with a stirrer, and a packed tower is connected to the upper part thereof.
During the esterification reaction, the packed tower condenses most of the fatty acid from the vapor evaporated from the reaction tank and entrained with the fatty acid and selectively refluxes it to the reactor. The water is purged from the top of the column.
[0014]
The packed tower is composed of a plurality of stages equipped with a heat medium circulation jacket capable of adjusting the temperature in the packed tower. The number of theoretical plates varies depending on the set temperature of the packed tower, the packing rate of the packed material, the amount of steam circulating in the packed tower, etc., but usually one or more stages are required, preferably 3 to 20 stages. If the number of stages is small, the reflux of fatty acid becomes insufficient, the fatty acid is cooled and solidified after the first stage condenser, adheres to the inside of the pipe, and closes in the pipe with a small diameter, or the molar ratio of polyglycerin and fatty acid is increased. , Can not maintain accurately. On the other hand, when the number of theoretical plates is large, the pressure loss when purging (distilling off) the by-product water increases, and it becomes difficult to separate the fatty acid and the by-product water in the packed tower.
[0015]
The packed tower can be variously changed depending on the size of the reaction vessel, the molar ratio of the raw materials, the reaction temperature, and the L / D can be selected in the range of 3-25.
It is preferable that the packed column is filled with a packing inside, and a cooler is arranged in series at the top of the column. Examples of the filler include Raschig ring, Berle saddle, McMahon, Canon, Stepman, Thru the packing, Dixon packing, Interlocks saddle, Lessing ring, Terralette packing, and the like.
The packing ratio of the packed column with the packing can be changed according to the size of the packed column, L / D, pressure loss, etc., and can be selected in the range of 5 to 50%.
[0016]
The cooler arranged in series at the top of the packed tower acts to cool and condense by-product water purged (distilled off) from the top of the packed tower or by-product light-boiling substances. By-product water is cooled and discarded as wastewater / waste.
[0017]
When the esterification reaction is carried out according to the method of the present invention, it is usually carried out by charging a reactor with polyglycerin, a fatty acid and a catalyst and heating them with stirring. The heating temperature at this time is usually in the range of 180 to 270 ° C., and the pressure is usually atmospheric pressure. The reaction time is selected in the range of several hours to several tens of hours depending on the type of raw material, the presence or absence of a catalyst, the type of catalyst, the reaction temperature, and the like.
[0018]
The esterification reaction proceeds to a considerable level immediately after the start of the reaction, and in the initial stage of the reaction, the conversion rate of the raw material reaches 90% or more, and by-product water corresponding to this conversion rate is generated. In order to complete the reaction of the reaction system that has reached a considerable conversion rate, it is preferable to raise the reaction temperature from the initial reaction temperature to the high temperature side for the reaction.
The completion of the esterification reaction can be confirmed by analyzing the reactor contents for each stage.
[0019]
When performing the esterification reaction according to the method of the present invention, an inert gas may be circulated in the reaction system. The inert gas is typically nitrogen, and the amount thereof is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 20 liter / hr per liter of the reaction solution. Nitrogen serves as a carrier for water produced as a by-product, but if the amount of circulation is too large, refluxing in the packed column of fatty acids becomes difficult.
[0020]
When an inert gas is circulated in the reaction system, water produced as a by-product of the esterification reaction is entrained by the inert gas, and purge (distillation) can be promoted from the top of the packed column.
[0021]
In the esterification reaction, it is necessary to carry out the reaction while purging (distilling off) by-product water from the packed tower while suppressing the distillation of the fatty acid out of the reaction system. That is, by adjusting the temperature of the packed tower packed with the packing, the by-product water having a low boiling point evaporated from the reactor is led to the top of the packed tower, and most of the fatty acids entrained in the by-product water (99% The above is refluxed to the reactor, and the distillation of the fatty acid out of the reaction system is made less than 1%.
[0022]
To do this, there are differences depending on the structure of the packed tower, thermal efficiency, size of packing, packing rate, etc., but according to our experiments, the temperature at the top of the packed tower is set to 70-120 ° C. It needs to be adjusted. In order to adjust the temperature at the top of the packed tower to the above range, the temperature of the heating medium passed through the jacket of the packed tower is preferably adjusted, and the temperature of the heating medium is preferably 50 to 200 ° C, particularly preferably 60 to 150 ° C. It is good to make it.
[0023]
The polyglycerin fatty acid ester (PoGE) obtained by the method of the present invention becomes a different product depending on the combination of raw materials and the molar ratio. Some are mixed with water and removed from the reactor as, for example, a 40% by weight aqueous solution, some are removed from the reactor at temperatures that exhibit fluidity, and some are flaked. After cooling and solidifying, it can be taken out from the reactor by pulverization and pulverization.
[0024]
Polyglycerin fatty acid ester is a highly safe nonionic surfactant approved as a food additive, and is used as an emulsifier, antifogging agent, pharmaceutical, food additive and cosmetic raw material.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
The method of the present invention has the following advantageous effects, and its industrial utility value is extremely large.
1. When the method according to the present invention is used, a reactor having a packed tower connected to the upper part is used as a reactor for performing the esterification reaction. Is easy.
2. When using the method of the present invention, the reaction is carried out while purging by-product water from the packed tower while suppressing distillation of fatty acids out of the reaction system by the packed tower connected to the upper part of the reactor. The raw material molar ratio does not change, and PoGE can be stably produced.
3. When the method of the present invention is used, the fatty acid entrained in the by-product water is refluxed to the reactor in the packed tower, so that it does not adhere to the pipe and is not blocked even by a pipe having a small diameter.
[0026]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples unless it exceeds the gist.
[0027]
[Example 1]
A packed tower (23 mmφ × 200 mm) with 6 theoretical plates is connected to the upper part of a cylindrical reactor with a capacity of 2 little equipped with a nitrogen introduction tube, a thermometer, a heating jacket, and a stirrer. 30% by volume of Dickson packing was packed, and coolers were arranged in series at the top of the packed tower.
[0028]
In the above reactor, 540 g of polyglycerin (average polymerization degree 10, hydroxyl value 888 mg KOH / g) and 960 g of stearic acid (theoretical esterification rate 39.5%) were charged and stirred.
The internal temperature of the reactor was raised to 240 ° C., and the top temperature of the packed column was maintained at 101 ° C. When the internal temperature of the reactor reached 240 ° C., 0.36 milliliter of 10% by weight aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added, and the esterification reaction was carried out at this temperature for 5 hours. Subsequently, in order to complete the esterification reaction, the internal temperature of the reactor was increased to 260 ° C. in 20 minutes, and this temperature was maintained for 2 hours to complete the esterification reaction.
[0029]
During this period, the gas discharged from the top of the packed tower was condensed to 30 ° C. or less by a cooler.
After completion of the esterification reaction, the internal temperature of the reactor was cooled and the reaction product (PoGE) was recovered. As a result, it was 1440 g, and the esterification rate of this PoGE was 39.0%, which was close to the theoretical value. .
Further, when the packed tower and the inside of the condensing system were inspected, adhesion of stearic acid was not recognized.
[0030]
[Comparative Example 1]
In the example described in Example 1, a reactor without packing is used in the packed column of the reactor used in the same example, and the kind of raw materials, the charged amount, the reaction temperature, the reaction time, and the like are as in the same example. Similarly, esterification reaction was performed.
After completion of the reaction, the esterification rate of the obtained PoGE was 33.5%, which was lower than the theoretical value. Further, when the packed tower and the inside of the condensing system were inspected, stearic acid was adhered.

Claims (5)

ポリグリセリンと炭素数8〜22の脂肪酸とを反応させてポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルを製造する方法において、上部に充填塔を連結した反応器を用い、反応系内のガスを充填塔の頂部から70〜120℃の温度で反応系外に流出させつつ反応を行わせることにより、副生水は流出させ且つ脂肪酸の流出は抑制しつつ反応を行わせることを特徴とするポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルの製造方法。  In the method of producing a polyglycerol fatty acid ester by reacting polyglycerol with a fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, a reactor having a packed tower connected to the upper part is used, and the gas in the reaction system is fed from the top of the packed tower to 70 to 70 A method for producing a polyglycerin fatty acid ester, characterized in that the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 120 ° C. while flowing out of the reaction system, thereby causing the by-product water to flow out and suppressing the outflow of fatty acid. 反応系内に不活性ガスを導入し、副生水を不活性ガスに同伴させて反応系外に流出させることを特徴とする請求項1記載の製造方法。  2. The process according to claim 1, wherein an inert gas is introduced into the reaction system, and by-product water is caused to flow out of the reaction system along with the inert gas. 反応を常圧下、180〜270℃で行うことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。  The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reaction is carried out at 180 to 270 ° C under normal pressure. 充填塔としてジャケットを備えたものを用い、ジャケットに通す熱媒の温度を調節することにより、充填塔の頂部から流出するガスの温度を制御することを特徴とする請求項1ないしのいずれかに記載の製造方法。Used, equipped with a jacket as packed tower, by adjusting the temperature of the heating medium through the jacket, any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that to control the temperature of the gas emerging from the top of the packed column The manufacturing method as described in. 脂肪酸がステアリン酸、パルミチン酸又はベヘン酸であることを特徴とする請求項1ないしのいずれかに記載の製造方法。The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the fatty acid is stearic acid, palmitic acid or behenic acid.
JP01415895A 1995-01-31 1995-01-31 Method for producing polyglycerol fatty acid ester Expired - Lifetime JP3817751B2 (en)

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