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JP3826537B2 - Rare earth bonded magnet and composition for rare earth bonded magnet - Google Patents
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JP3826537B2 - Rare earth bonded magnet and composition for rare earth bonded magnet - Google Patents

Rare earth bonded magnet and composition for rare earth bonded magnet Download PDF

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JP3826537B2
JP3826537B2 JP01591398A JP1591398A JP3826537B2 JP 3826537 B2 JP3826537 B2 JP 3826537B2 JP 01591398 A JP01591398 A JP 01591398A JP 1591398 A JP1591398 A JP 1591398A JP 3826537 B2 JP3826537 B2 JP 3826537B2
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bonded magnet
powder
alloy powder
resistivity
coefficient
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JPH11214207A (en
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福田鋭士
久米道也
一ノ宮敬治
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Nichia Corp
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Nichia Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
    • H01F1/0571Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
    • H01F1/0575Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
    • H01F1/0578Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together bonded together

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、耐食性に優れた希土類ボンド磁石、希土類ボンド磁石用組成物、及び希土類ボンド磁石の製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、原料粉末にフェライトを用いたボンド磁石材料が形状の自由度、低コストのため使用されている。しかし、フェライト系ボンド磁石材料は、最大エネルギー積が2.2MGOeと高くない。より高い磁気特性の要求に対して、Sm−Co系やFe−Nd−B系といった希土類系合金粉末を使った磁石が開発されている。しかし、これらの希土類系磁石は錆やすいという大きな欠点がある。
【0003】
このような問題を解決するため、従来より多くの試みがなされている。例えば、Fe−Nd−B系の合金粉末を用いたボンド磁石に対し、表面酸化による錆の問題を解決する目的で、合金粉末表面に燐酸塩処理、クロム酸塩処理などの化成処理を施して耐酸化性化成皮膜を形成する方法(特開平1−14902号)、Zn、Alを蒸着させるか、或いは無電解Niメッキを施す方法(特開昭64−15301号)、樹脂バインダに亜硫酸ナトリウム等のインヒビターを添加する方法(特開平1−147806)等が開示されている。しかし、これら合金粉末への表面処理は主に耐食効果の向上のみに主眼が置かれており、ボンド磁石の最大の特徴である樹脂バインダとの複合化(密着性、或は濡れ性)については注意が払われておらず機械強度、磁気特性低下に問題が有った。
【0004】
一方、磁性粉末を樹脂コーティングしボンド磁石とする種々の方法も検討され、例えば特開昭51−38641号には熱硬化性樹脂(エポキシ樹脂)を用いた方法が、また特開昭50−104254号には熱可塑性樹脂(ナイロン)を用いた方法が開示されている。しかし、エポキシ樹脂を用いたものは圧縮成形時の金型流動性が悪く、薄肉・円筒状のものは成形できず、成形品は極めて錆やすかった。またナイロン樹脂等の熱可塑性樹脂を用いたものも耐食性、耐熱性、キュア後の寸法変化、機械的強度低下、と云った問題があり実用化には至っていなかった。
【0005】
上記の問題を解決するため、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリスルファイドケトンといったスーパーエンジニアリング樹脂を合金粉末に被覆して圧縮成形、射出成形、或は押出成形する方法が開示されている(特開平2−22802号、特開平2−281712号)。しかし、スーパーエンジニアリング樹脂を使った該方法も粉体表面と樹脂との濡れ性が悪いため粉体を均一に被覆することが出来ず、成形上の困難さも有り実用化には至っていない。このように、高い磁気特性を有し、且つ耐熱性、耐食性を有するボンド磁石は得られていないのが現状である。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明の目的とするところは、高い磁気特性を保ったまま、安定的に成形できる高耐食性のボンド磁石、ボンド磁石用組成物を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、上記した問題を解決するために、希土類系合金粉末の種類及び粒子特性と樹脂バインダの組み合わせがボンド磁石の磁気特性及び耐食性に及ぼす影響について膨大な試験を繰り返し鋭意検討した結果、希土類系合金粉末と樹脂バインダ粉末の混合物を成形して得たボンド磁石或いはボンド磁石用組成物の耐食性と、その抵抗率の間に顕著な規則性があることを見いだし本発明を完成するに至った。
【0008】
すなわち、本発明のボンド磁石或いはボンド磁石用組成物は、Sm−Fe−N系合金粉末とポリアミド系の熱可塑性樹脂の混合物を成形して得たボンド磁石或いはボンド磁石用組成物であって、Sm及びFeイオンと不溶性の塩からなる沈殿物を焼成して金属酸化物とし、該金属酸化物を水素還元後に還元拡散反応することによって得られる前記Sm−Fe−N系合金粉末の平均粒径は0.5〜μmの範囲、針状度係数は70%以上であり、前記ボンド磁石或いはボンド磁石用組成物の抵抗率は、抵抗率と磁性粉末濃度の関係を二次元座標上に表現した場合、磁性粉末濃度が57vol%のとき200Ω・cmである点、磁性粉末濃度が90vol%のとき12Ω・cmである点、を結んで得る直線上か、又は、該直線よりも抵抗率が大きいことを満たすことを特徴とするボンド磁石或いはボンド磁石用組成物である。但し、針状度係数は、次のように定義された値である。
定義式:針状度係数(%)=(b/a)×100%
a=粒子像の最長径
b=aに垂直な最大径
【0011】
本発明の希土類ボンド磁石、或いは希土類ボンド磁石用組成物に使用する樹脂バインダは熱可塑性樹脂であることが好ましく、特にポリアミド系、熱可塑性ポリエステル系、ポリフェニレンスルファイド系の熱可塑性樹脂であることが好ましい。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明において、希土類系合金粉末とは、希土類元素と、Fe、Co及びNi等の遷移金属からなる合金粉末であり、例えば、Pr−Ni系、Sm−Co系、Nd−Fe−Co系、Ce−Fe系に対して適用でき、さらに、組成の一部をB(硼素)、或いはN(窒素)で置換したような、Nd−Fe−B系、Sm−Fe−N系、Nd−Fe−N系、Nd−Fe−N−B系、Ce−Fe−N系、Pr−Fe−N系等の合金或いは金属間化合物を意味する。
【0014】
樹脂バインダは、熱可塑性樹脂或いは熱硬化性樹脂のいずれも用いられるが、結合樹脂として従来より用いられているエポキシ樹脂のような熱硬化性樹脂を用いた場合には、成形時に熱硬化するおそれがあり、成形性が劣り、磁石の空孔率が増大し、機械的強度および耐食性が劣る傾向にある。熱可塑性樹脂を用いた場合には、このような問題はなく好ましく使用することができる。また、熱可塑性樹脂は、その種類、共重合化等により、例えば成形性を重視したものや、耐熱性、機械的強度を重視したものというように、広範囲の選択が可能となる。
【0015】
使用し得る熱可塑性樹脂としては、例えば、ポリアミド(例:ナイロン6、ナイロン66、ナイロン610、ナイロン612、ナイロン11、ナイロン12、ナイロン6−12、ナイロン6−66)、熱可塑性ポリイミド、液晶ポリマー、ポリフェニレンオキサイド、ポリフェニレンサルファイド、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン、変性ポリオレフィン、ポリエーテル、ポリアセタール等、またはこれらを主とする共重合体、ブレンド体、ポリマーアロイ等が挙げられ、これらのうちの1種または2種以上を混合して用いることができる。
【0016】
これらのうちでも、流動性、耐食性及び耐熱性に優れている点で、ポリアミド、熱可塑性ポリエステル、ポリフェニレンスルファイド系樹脂が好ましい。さらに、成形性がよく、機械的強度が強く、磁石粉末との混練性、混練の均一性にも優れているいことから、ポリアミドが最も好ましく使用することができる。
【0017】
熱可塑性樹脂は、融点が400℃以下のものであるのが好ましく、300℃以下のものであるのがより好ましい。融点が400℃を超えると、成形時の温度が上昇し、磁石粉末等の酸化が生じ易くなる。また、流動性、成形性をより向上するために、用いられる熱可塑性樹脂の平均分子量(重合度)は、10000〜60000程度であるのが好ましく、12000〜30000程度であるのがより好ましい。
【0018】
本発明のボンド磁石及びボンド磁石用組成物(コンパウンド等)は、基本的には錆止めの目的で酸化防止剤を使用する必要はないが、希土類ボンド磁石用組成物を混練する際に、希土類磁石粉末の酸化(劣化、変質)や結合樹脂の酸化を防止するために該組成物中に添加すると効果がある。酸化防止剤を添加することで、合金粉末の酸化を防止し、磁石の磁気特性の向上を図るのに寄与するとともに、希土類ボンド磁石用組成物の混練時、成形時における熱的安定性の向上に寄与し、少ない結合樹脂量で良好な成形性を確保することができる。
【0019】
希土類ボンド磁石は、希土類合金粉末と樹脂バインダとの混合物或いは混練物(コンパウンド)を所望の磁石形状に加圧成形して製造するが、その成形方法には、圧縮成形法、射出成形法および押出成形法が利用されている。
【0020】
圧縮成形法は、前記コンパウンドをプレス金型中に充填し、これを圧縮成形して成形体を得、その後、加熱して結合樹脂である熱硬化性樹脂を硬化させて磁石を製造する方法である。この方法は、他の方法に比べ、結合樹脂の量が少なくても成形が可能であるため、得られた磁石中の樹脂バインダ量が10vol%以下と少なく、残留磁化等の磁気特性には有利である。しかし、磁石の形状に対する自由度が小さい。
【0021】
押出成形法は、加熱溶融されたコンパウンドを押出成形機の金型から押し出すとともに冷却固化し、所望の長さに切断して、磁石とする方法である。この方法では、磁石の形状に対する自由度が大きく、薄肉、長尺の磁石をも容易に製造できるという利点があるが、成形時における溶融物の流動性を確保するために、結合樹脂の添加量は約20vol%と、圧縮成形法のそれに比べて多くする必要があり、得られた磁石中の樹脂量が多く、磁気特性が低下するという欠点がある。
【0022】
射出成形法は、前記コンパウンドを加熱溶融し、十分な流動性を持たせた状態で該溶融物を金型内に注入し、所定の磁石形状に成形する方法である。この方法では、磁石の形状に対する自由度は、押出成形法に比べさらに大きく、特に、異形状の磁石をも容易に製造できるという利点がある。しかし、成形時における溶融物の流動性は、前記押出成形法より高いレベルが要求されるので、樹脂バインダの添加量は約40vol%と、押出成形法のそれに比べてさらに多くする必要があり、得られる磁石中の樹脂量が多く、磁気特性はさらに低下する。
【0023】
Sm2Fe17N3の組成の希土類−遷移金属系の強磁性材料合金粉末について、粒子径及び粒子形状の多様な水準の合金粉末を調製した。図1にコンパウンド中の合金粉末の濃度(vol%)と、抵抗率(Ω・cm)の関係を示した。◎、○、△、×はそれぞれ耐食性の程度を示している。×は成形して24時間経過までに錆が発生したことを示し、△は24時間では錆びないが成形して100時間経過までに錆が発生したことを示し、○は成形して100〜500時間経過までに錆が発生したことを示している。◎は成形して500時間経過も錆が発生しなかったことを示している。
【0024】
図1の各実験点でに対応するコンパウンドは、それぞれ、後述する方法により調製したSm−Fe−N系の7種類の合金粉末であり、それを樹脂バインダとして代表的ポリアミドであるナイロン12と混練して、240℃に加熱して作製した。図中合金粉末濃度が57vol%の点は射出成形に使用するコンパウンド、合金粉末濃度80vol%の点は押し出し成形に使用するコンパウンド、及び合金粉末90vol%の点は圧縮成形に使用するコンパウンドの場合を示している。
【0025】
この図より、×(成形して24時間経過までに錆が発生)の直線はコンパウンドの抵抗率が、射出成形用、押出成形用、圧縮成形用に対してそれそれ、100Ω・cm、80Ω・cm、63Ω・cmと他のコンパウンドに比べて低いことが分かる。射出成形のコンパウンドについて比較すると、200Ω・cmで△(100時間経過までに錆が発生)、300Ω・cmで○(500時間経過までに錆が発生)、400Ω・cmで、◎(500時間経過後も錆が発生しなかった)というように、コンパウンドの抵抗率が上昇するに従い、錆の発生するまでの時間が長くなっている。すなわち錆びにくくなっている。×は24時間で錆びる従来のSm−Fe−N系の合金粉末を混練したコンパウンドである。これに対し、△は24時間では錆びないが100時間経過までに錆びるという点では、まだ耐食性の点で実用性は乏しいが、それでも従来得られていたコンパウンドに比べれば耐食性は大幅に改良されている。押出成形用コンパウンド、圧縮成形用コンパウンドの抵抗率と合金粉末の濃度の関係はほぼ直線上にあり、得られたコンパウンドの耐食性評価はすべて△であった。すなわち、3種類の成形法に用いるコンパウンドは、従来のものに比べて耐食性において改善されている。
【0026】
このことより、コンパウンドの抵抗率と磁性粉末濃度の関係を二次元座標上に表現した場合、磁性粉末濃度が57vol%のとき200Ω・cmである点と、磁性粉末濃度が90vol%のとき12Ω・cmである点、を結んで得る直線上か、または該直線よりも抵抗率が大きくなるようにコンパウンドを調製することで耐食性は改善する。また、コンパウンドを成形加工して得るボンド磁石の耐食効果についても全く同じ傾向を示す。
【0027】
抵抗率の測定については、JIS K7194-1994に準じて、短針法により測定し次式に従い算出した。
抵抗率測定方法:ρ(抵抗率:Ω・cm)=F・t・R
F:補正係数
t:試験片の厚さ(cm)
R:抵抗(Ω)
【0028】
表1にSm2Fe17N3合金粉末57vol%をナイロン12に混練して得たコンパウンドについて、合金粉末の平均粒径と抵抗率、磁気特性、耐食試験の結果を示す。後述する針状度係数はすべてほぼ80%の粒子を選択している。抵抗率は粒子が大きくなるに従い高くなり、耐食性も向上している。ところが、磁気特性は逆に粒子径が大きくなるに従い低下している。平均粒径が20μmを超えると抵抗率は大幅に小さくなり、すなわち耐食性も良好であるが、磁気特性を考慮するとボンド磁石としての実用性はない。従って、平均粒径は20μm以下であることが必要条件であり、好ましくは10μm以下であり、5μm以下がさらに好ましく。磁気特性が最大範囲となる1〜2μmの範囲が最も好ましい。
【0029】
【表1】

Figure 0003826537
【0030】
ここで、合金粒子の平均粒径として、フィッシャーサブシーブサイザー(F.S.S.S.)を用いて、空気透過法により比表面積を測定し、一次粒子の粒径の平均値を求めこれを合金粒子の大きさの指標とした。
【0031】
<粒子形状と耐食性>
粒子形状と耐食性の関係について以下に試験した。粒子形状については後述する針状度係数を指標とした。平均粒径が1.5μmである種々の水準の針状度係数のSm2Fe17N3合金粉末を57vol%とナイロン12を混練して得たコンパウンドについて、耐食性と針状度係数の関係について図2にプロットした。この図より、針状度係数が100%に近付くほど耐食性が改善されていることが分かる。針状度係数は70%以上で抵抗率は200以上となり、耐食性は△に改善されている。すなわち針状度係数が大きくなるに従い、抵抗率は大きくなり、耐食性は改善されている。
【0032】
<粒子形状と残留磁化>
平均粒径1.5μmのSm2Fe17N3合金粉末を57vol%とナイロン12を混練して得たコンパウンドを射出成形機を用い配向磁場強さ1T(テスラ)で直径12φ、厚さ7mmの異方性ボンド磁石を製造して比較した。図3に合金粉末の針状度係数と残留磁化の関係をプロットした。針状度係数が70%以下では、残留磁化は4.6kGでほぼ一定であるが、75%を超えると、4.9kGと残留磁化の改善がみられる。針状度係数が80%で5.7kG、針状度係数が85%で6.8kG、針状度係数が90%で7.2kG、針状度係数が95%で7.5kGと球形に近付くに従い、残留磁化が大幅に改善される。これらの結果より、針状度係数の増加の効果が残留磁化の増加に影響するのは75%以上であり、好ましい針状度係数は80%以上であり、より好ましいのは85%以上であり、最も好ましいのは90%以上である。
【0033】
<粒子形状と保磁力>
残留磁化を測定したのと同じボンド磁石を、保磁力と針状度係数の関係について図4にプロットした。この図より、針状度係数が70%以下では、保磁力は5.7kOe以下であるが、75%を超えると、8.4kOeと保磁力の改善がみられる。針状度係数が80%で13kOe、針状度係数が85%で15.5、針状度係数が90%で17.5kOe、針状度係数が95%で18.5kOeと球形に近付くに従い、保磁力が大幅に改善される。これらの結果より、針状度係数の増加の効果が保磁力の増加に影響するのは75%以上であり、好ましい針状度係数は80%以上であり、より好ましいのは85%以上であり、最も好ましいのは90%以上である。
【0034】
<針状度係数の定義>
針状度係数は、次のようにして測定した。
定義式:針状度係数(%)=(b/a)×100%
a=粒子像の最長径
b=aに垂直な最大径
測定のためには、先ず合金粒子を薄く広げた測定試料を作製する。この試料はできるだけ粒子が重ならないように薄く広げる。測定試料を倍率4000倍のSEMで粒子像の写真をとり、その粒子像をスキャナーでコンピュータに取り込み、粒子像の分離抽出を行い、100個の粒子像データを取り込む。そして、図5に示すように、各々の粒子像についてコンピュータによりa(粒子像の最長径)及びb(aに垂直な最大径)を求め、針状度係数を算出し、100個の平均をとり、針状度係数とした。針状度係数は式をみても分かるように、100%に近付くほど球形に近くなる。
【0035】
一般に、希土類元素と鉄を主成分とする合金は酸化され易く、5μm以下の微粒子にすると、室温ないし100℃程度の磁石の使用環境においても安定性が良くない。Sm−Fe−N粉末の場合にも、2μmの粉末では、125℃における放置実験で時間の経過とともに著しく保磁力が低下することが示されている(米山他,日本金属学会分科会シンポジウム予稿集(1991)p.40)。耐食性を向上するには粉末の粒子径を大きくすればよい。例えば、特許公報EP0369097−A1において示されているように、平均粒子径が40μmのSm−Fe−N粉末は、空気中150℃における放置でも磁気特性の劣化は少ない。ところが、粉末粒子径を5μm以上にすると、従来のSm−Fe−N粉末では保磁力が小さくなり、ボンド磁石用の粉末として供することができない。例えば、粒子径が20μm程度のSm−Fe−N粉末の保磁力は0.5kOe程度である。ボンド磁石として実用に供するには、粒子の保磁力は2kOe以上、望ましくは4kOe以上が必要である。以上のように、耐食性と磁気特性の両方を満足する磁石粉末は、Sm−Fe−N系では得られていないのが現状であった。ところが、本発明において、この種の合金粉末の粒子形状を球状に近づけることで、耐食性は大きく改善され、しかもボンド磁石の残留磁化、保磁力は改善される。
【0036】
<樹脂バインダ>
表2は、平均粒径1.5μmのSm2Fe17N3合金粉末を57vol%と種々の樹脂バインダ43vol%を混練して得たコンパウンドの抵抗率と耐食試験の結果をまとめたものである。この表より、樹脂バインダとしてポリアミド系、熱可塑性ポリエステル系、ポリフェニレンスルファイド系が好ましく使用でき、特にポリアミド系が好ましく使用できることが分かる。これらはすべて熱可塑性樹脂であるが、逆に、熱硬化性のエポキシ樹脂は抵抗率が低く、耐食試験結果も他の樹脂に比べて良くない。
【0037】
【表2】
Figure 0003826537
【0038】
<合金粉末の種類>
表3は、種々の組成の合金粉末について、合金粉末を57vol%と、樹脂バインダとしてナイロン12を43vol%混練して得たコンパウンドの抵抗率と耐食試験の結果をまとめたものである。この結果より、Sm−Fe−N系の合金粉末以外の組成は平均粒径が大きく、しかも同一の樹脂バインダで作製したにも関わらず、抵抗率は極めて低く、耐食性も良くないことが分かる。また、同じNd−Fe−B系の合金粉末であっても、抵抗率が低いものは耐食性は良くなく、抵抗率と耐食性の関係はSm−Fe−Nの他の組成においても成立することが分かる。
【0039】
【表3】
Figure 0003826537
【0040】
上述したような該合金粉末と樹脂バインダの混合・混練は、通常使用されている装置をそのまま使用することができ、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば万能攪拌機、リボンブレンダー、タンブラー、ナウターミキサー、ヘンシェルミキサー、スーパーミキサー、ニーダー、ロール、ニーダールーダー、スプレードライヤー、振動流動乾燥機、真空乾燥装置、単軸・2軸混練機、バンバリミキサー等が使用出来る。この混練時に、必要に応じて酸化防止剤、可塑剤を添加して混練することも可能である。
【0041】
上述したように、本発明においてコンパウンド、或いはそれを成形し磁場配向して得られるボンド磁石の抵抗率をできるだけ高くするようにすることで耐食性は改善される。コンパウンドを作製するのに、品質に最も大きな影響を及ぼす要因は、合金粉末の粒径と形状であることは上述した通りである。好適な合金粉末を作製するには種々の方法を採りうるが、次に示すような合金粉末の原料を改良することも優れた一つの方法である。
【0042】
本発明の合金粉末は、希土類元素としてSm、遷移金属としてFeを酸に溶解し、Sm及びFeイオンと不溶性の塩を生成する物質を溶液中で反応させ沈殿させ、該沈殿物を焼成して金属酸化物とし、得られた金属酸化物を還元して合金粉末を得る方法を採用することで好ましく得ることができる。このようにして得られた合金粒子は、粒子内部の構成元素の分布が均質で粒度分布がシャープな粒子形状が球状である沈殿物を、焼成して金属酸化物を得、該金属酸化物を還元雰囲気で加熱することで合金粉末を得ることができる。
【0043】
この製造方法の中で、特に沈殿物粒子を得る工程が最も重要である。沈殿物粒子の形状がそのまま、それを酸化した金属酸化物と、及びそれを還元した合金粉末の粒径及び粒子形状に継承されるからである。従って、沈殿物粒子の形状をできる限り球形に近づけることが重要となる。
【0044】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例について永久磁石材料であるSm−Fe−N合金粉末を使用したボンド磁石を作製する例について説明する。
【0045】
<1.合金粉末の原料の調製>
硝酸サマリウム六水和物Sm(NO3)3・6H2Oを513.4g、硝酸鉄9水和物Fe(NO3)3・9H2Oを3432.3g秤量し、 攪拌しながら10リットルのイオン交換水に同時に投入する。完全に溶けたことを確認の後、攪拌を続けながら尿素(NH2)2COを2992.5g投入する。攪拌を続けながら液温を80℃まで上昇させる。この時尿素はアンモニアと炭酸ガスに加水分解し金属分は均一反応により沈澱する。沈澱生成物を濾紙上にとり、上部よりイオン交換水を供給しながら吸引する。ろ液の比抵抗が50μS/mを下回るまでこの操作を続ける。洗浄されたケーキは80℃の乾燥機中で乾燥する。
【0046】
<2.大気焼成>
乾燥されたケーキをアルミナのるつぼに入れ、1100℃の大気中で3時間焼成する。焼成物を手でほぐした後、ハンマーミルで粉砕する。この粉末の粒子径はフィッシャーサブシーブサイザーで1.3ミクロンであった。
【0047】
<3.水素還元>
粉砕粉末を鋼製のトレーに入れ、純度100%の水素が20リットル/分で流通している管状炉に置き、700℃、10時間の熱処理を施した。得られた黒色粉末の酸素濃度は7.2wt%であった。
【0048】
<4.還元拡散反応>
前工程で得られた黒色粉末のうち1000gと粒径6mm以下の粒状Ca350.7gを混合し、鋼製のトレーに入れて不活性ガス雰囲気炉にセットする。炉内を真空排気した後、アルゴンガスを通じながら1000℃、1時間加熱する。次いで、加熱を止め、引き続いてアルゴンガス中で450℃まで冷却して以後この温度で一定に保持する。その後、炉内を再び真空排気した後、窒素ガスを導入する。大気圧以上の圧力で窒素ガスを通じながら3時間加熱した後、加熱を停止し放冷する。
【0049】
<7.水洗>
得られた反応生成物をイオン交換水5リットルに投入し、これにより、反応生成物が直ちに崩壊し、合金粉末とCa成分との分離が始まる。水中での撹拌、静置、上澄み液の除去を5回繰り返し、最後に2wt%酢酸水溶液5リットル中で洗浄し、Ca成分の分離が完了する。これを真空乾燥することでSm2Fe17N3合金粉末を得る。
【0050】
<8.特性>
得られた粉末は分散性が良く、電子顕微鏡による観察でも球状の形状を持つものであった。粉末の粒径はフィッシャーサブシーブサイザーで2.0ミクロンであった。粉末の磁気特性はσrは145emu/g、iHc15.2kOeであった。また粉末に含まれる酸素の濃度は0.25wt%であり、EPMAによる断面観察ではSmとFeの偏析は確認できなかった。またCuーKαを線源とするX線回折によれば主相であるSm−Fe合金の他には何も観察されず、特に純鉄成分であるαーFeは痕跡すら発見できなかった。
【0051】
このようにして得られるSm2Fe17N3合金粉末5000gを試験用ミキサー(株)愛工舎製作所製ケンミックス)用いてナイロン12(低粘度タイプ)506gと混合し2軸混練機(日本製鋼所製TEX−30)で混練・コンパウンド化(合金粉末57vol%)したものを射出成形機(ツオイス製ホツマ15T)を用い、配向磁場強さ1T(テスラ)で直径12φ、厚さ7mmの異方性ボンド磁石成形体を製造した。これをテストした結果、抵抗率は500Ω・cmとなり、高温・高湿試験(80℃、90%RH雰囲気中)で2000時間以上経過しても錆の発生は全く認められなかった。ここでRHとは相対湿度(Relative Humidity)のことである。
【0052】
[実施例2]
<1.合金粉末の原料の調製>
反応タンクに純水30リットル投入し、その中に97%H2SO4を520g加え、Sm23を484.8g仕込み溶解し、25%アンモニア水を加えてpHを中性付近に調整する。この水溶液にFeSO4・7H2Oを5200gを加えて完全に溶解しメタル液とした。別のタンクに純水を12リットルに重炭酸アンモニウム2524gと25%アンモニア水を1738gを混合した炭酸イオン溶解液を調製した。反応タンクを撹拌しながら、炭酸イオン溶解液を徐々に添加し、全量添加した最終のpHが8.0±0.5になるように、アンモニア水を添加した。攪拌を止め静置すると、生成物は容器底部に沈殿してくる。このときに得られた沈殿物を一部採って、顕微鏡観察すると、粒のそろった球状の粒子であった。フィッシャーサブシーブサイザー(FSSS)による平均粒径は1.4μmであった。
【0053】
その後の工程は実施例1と同様にして、Sm2Fe17N3合金粉末を得た。得られた粉末は分散性が良く、電子顕微鏡による観察でも球状の形状を持つものであった。粉末の平均粒径はFSSSによる測定で1.8μmであり、針状度係数は83%、円形度係数は87%であった。粉末の磁気特性はσr140emu/g、iHcは16.0kOeであった。また粉末に含まれる酸素の濃度は0.25wt%であり、EPMAによる断面観察ではSmとFeの偏析は確認できなかった。またCu−Kαを線源とするX線回折によれば主相であるSm−Fe合金の他には何も観察されず、特に純鉄成分であるα−Feは痕跡すら発見できなかった。
【0054】
このようにして得られたSm2Fe17N3合金粉末5000gを試験用ミキサー(株)愛工舎製作所製ケンミックス)用いてナイロン12(低粘度タイプ)506gと混合し2軸混練機(日本製鋼所製TEX−30)で混練・コンパウンド化(合金粉末57vol%)したものを実施例1と同様な方法で異方性ボンド磁石を作製した。これをテストした結果、抵抗率は500Ω・cmとなり、高温・高湿試験(80℃、90%RH雰囲気中)で2000h以上経過しても錆の発生は全く認められなかった。
【0055】
[比較例1]
金属Smと金属Feを原子比2対17の割合で溶融した。溶融物を水冷された銅鋳型に流し込んでSm2Fe17合金を得た。得られたインゴットをジョークラッシャで粗粉砕した後、均質化を目的としてアルゴン中1100℃で40時間の熱処理を施した。得られた合金を鋼球のボールミルにより2時間粉砕した。さらにこの粉末を窒素100%、450℃で5時間の熱処理を施した。得られた粉末は分散性が悪い凝集状態であり、電子顕微鏡による観察でも角張った形状を持つものであった。粉末の平均粒径はFSSSによる測定で10μmであり、針状度係数は64%、であった。粉末の磁気特性は残留磁化σrは85emu/g、保磁力iHcは8.2kOeであった。また粉末に含まれる酸素の濃度は0.6wt%であり、EPMAによる断面観察ではSmとFeの偏析が確認できた。またCuーKαを線源とするX線回折によればα−Feによる明瞭なピークが観察された。
【0056】
このようにして得られたSm2Fe17N3合金粉末5000gを試験用ミキサー(株)愛工舎製作所製ケンミックス)用いてナイロン12(低粘度タイプ)506gと混合し2軸混練機(日本製鋼所製TEX−30)で混練・コンパウンド化(合金粉末57vol%)したものを実施例1と同様な方法で異方性ボンド磁石を作製した。これをテストした結果、抵抗率は2Ω・cmとなり、高温・高湿試験(80℃、90%RH雰囲気中)で48で錆が発生した。
【0057】
[比較例2]
強磁性粉末としてNd12Fe82B6粉末(GM社製MQP−B、平均粒径110μm)を用いる以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、コンパウンドを調製し、同一の配合割合57vol%で無磁場で成形し、同様のテストを行った。その結果、抵抗率は7Ω・cmとなり、成形体表面は顕微鏡写真の観察から明らかなように耐食性は極端に低下し高温・高湿試験24時間で錆が発生した。
【0058】
[比較例3]
強磁性粉末にSm−Co粉末(信越化学工業株式会社製、2−17系、平均粒子径10μm)を用い実施例1と同様の操作を行い、配合割合57vol%で同様のテストを行った。その結果抵抗率は、2Ω・cmとなり、成形体表面は顕微鏡写真の観察から明らかなように高温・高湿試験48時間で錆が発生した。
【0059】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明のボンド磁石用組成物及びボンド磁石は、抵抗率が従来のそれに比べ大幅に大きく、その結果、耐食性において際だって改善される。このような高抵抗なコンパウンドを得る方法は特に限定するものではないが、強磁性材料の粒子の形を球に近づけることで抵抗を大きくすることができる。また、磁性材料として、種々の合金粉末を適用可能であるが、特に、Sm−Fe−N系の合金粉末を混練したコンパウンドにおいて効果的である。樹脂バインダの種類を特に限定することはないが、熱可塑性樹脂が好ましく、特に、ポリアミド系、熱可塑性ポリエステル、ポリフェニレンスルファイド系樹脂バインダを用いた場合最も効果がある。
【0060】
コンパウンドに混練する合金粉末の粒子の形状と耐食性の間に強い相関関係があることは膨大な試験結果から導かれるが、なぜそのような相関があるのかについてははっきりしない。これに対し、我々は、粒子の形を球状に仕上げることができるポイントは、原料粒子の反応性に負うところが大きく、反応性が良いことが合金粒子表面の安定性に寄与していると推定している。
【0061】
さらに、コンパウンドの抵抗率が高いことが耐食性に影響していることについては、合金粒子が分散状態で樹脂バインダ中に存在することにより、コンパウンド中の合金粉末の表面には必ず樹脂バインダが覆い、これが絶縁性であるため、抵抗率が高くなるためと推定している。コンパウンド中の合金粉末が分散状態にあり、粒子表面を樹脂バインダで均一に覆うことにより耐食性に寄与している。しかも、Sm−Fe−N系の合金粉末では、粒径を小さくすることが可能であり、単磁区粒径に近い合金粉末粒子を分散させているコンパウンドを成形して得たボンド磁石は保磁力、残留磁化等の磁気特性も従来のそれに比べ大きく改良される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】コンパウンドの抵抗率と合金粉末の濃度の関係を示す特性図
【図2】コンパウンドの抵抗率と合金粒子の針状度係数の関係を示す特性図
【図3】ボンド磁石の残留磁化と使用する合金粉末の針状度係数の関係を示す特性図
【図4】ボンド磁石の保磁力と使用する合金粉末の針状度係数の関係を示す特性図
【図5】合金粒子の形状と針状度係数を定義する径と式を表す平面図[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a rare earth bonded magnet excellent in corrosion resistance, a composition for a rare earth bonded magnet, and a method for producing a rare earth bonded magnet.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a bonded magnet material using ferrite as a raw material powder has been used because of its freedom of shape and low cost. However, the ferrite based bonded magnet material does not have a high maximum energy product of 2.2 MGOe. In response to demands for higher magnetic properties, magnets using rare earth alloy powders such as Sm—Co and Fe—Nd—B have been developed. However, these rare earth magnets have a major drawback of being easily rusted.
[0003]
Many attempts have been made to solve such problems. For example, a bond magnet using an Fe-Nd-B alloy powder is subjected to chemical conversion treatment such as phosphate treatment or chromate treatment on the surface of the alloy powder in order to solve the problem of rust caused by surface oxidation. A method of forming an oxidation-resistant chemical conversion film (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-14902), a method of depositing Zn or Al, or a method of performing electroless Ni plating (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 64-15301), a resin binder such as sodium sulfite A method of adding an inhibitor (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-147806) is disclosed. However, the surface treatment of these alloy powders mainly focuses on the improvement of corrosion resistance, and the compounding (adhesion or wettability) with the resin binder, which is the biggest feature of bonded magnets, is important. Not paying attention, there was a problem in mechanical strength and magnetic property degradation.
[0004]
On the other hand, various methods for coating a magnetic powder with a resin to form a bonded magnet have been studied. For example, JP-A-51-38641 discloses a method using a thermosetting resin (epoxy resin), and JP-A-50-104254. Discloses a method using a thermoplastic resin (nylon). However, those using epoxy resin have poor mold fluidity during compression molding, thin-walled and cylindrical ones cannot be molded, and the molded products were extremely rusting. Also, those using a thermoplastic resin such as nylon resin have not been put into practical use due to problems such as corrosion resistance, heat resistance, dimensional change after curing, and mechanical strength reduction.
[0005]
In order to solve the above problems, a method of coating a super engineering resin such as polyether ketone or polysulfide ketone on an alloy powder and performing compression molding, injection molding or extrusion molding is disclosed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-22802). No. JP-A-2-281712). However, this method using a super engineering resin also has a poor wettability between the surface of the powder and the resin, so that the powder cannot be uniformly coated, and there is a difficulty in molding, so that it has not been put into practical use. Thus, the present condition is that the bonded magnet which has a high magnetic characteristic, and has heat resistance and corrosion resistance is not obtained.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a highly corrosion-resistant bonded magnet and a bonded magnet composition that can be stably molded while maintaining high magnetic properties.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have repeatedly conducted extensive studies on the effects of the combination of the type and particle characteristics of the rare earth alloy powder and the resin binder on the magnetic characteristics and corrosion resistance of the bond magnet. In order to complete the present invention, it is found that there is a remarkable regularity between the corrosion resistance and resistivity of the bonded magnet or bonded magnet composition obtained by molding a mixture of rare earth alloy powder and resin binder powder. It came.
[0008]
That is, the bonded magnet or bonded magnet composition of the present invention is a bonded magnet or bonded magnet composition obtained by molding a mixture of Sm-Fe-N-based alloy powder and polyamide-based thermoplastic resin, A precipitate composed of Sm and Fe ions and an insoluble salt is calcined to form a metal oxide. Reduction diffusion reaction after hydrogen reduction The average particle size of the Sm—Fe—N alloy powder obtained by 5 The range of μm, the acicularity coefficient is 70% or more, and the resistivity of the bonded magnet or the composition for bonded magnet is the magnetic powder concentration when the relationship between the resistivity and the magnetic powder concentration is expressed in two-dimensional coordinates. Satisfying that the resistivity is greater than the straight line obtained by connecting the point of 200 Ω · cm when the magnetic powder concentration is 57 vol% and the point of 12 Ω · cm when the magnetic powder concentration is 90 vol%, or Characteristic bonded magnet or bonded magnet composition Is . However, the acicularity coefficient is a value defined as follows.
Definition formula: Needleness coefficient (%) = (b / a) × 100%
a = longest diameter of particle image
b = maximum diameter perpendicular to a
[0011]
The resin binder used in the rare earth bonded magnet or the rare earth bonded magnet composition of the present invention is preferably a thermoplastic resin, particularly a polyamide-based, thermoplastic polyester-based, or polyphenylene sulfide-based thermoplastic resin. preferable.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, the rare earth alloy powder is an alloy powder composed of a rare earth element and a transition metal such as Fe, Co, and Ni. For example, Pr—Ni, Sm—Co, Nd—Fe—Co, The present invention can be applied to Ce-Fe system, and Nd-Fe-B system, Sm-Fe-N system, Nd-Fe system in which a part of the composition is substituted with B (boron) or N (nitrogen). It means an alloy or intermetallic compound such as -N, Nd-Fe-NB, Ce-Fe-N, Pr-Fe-N.
[0014]
As the resin binder, either a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin is used. However, when a thermosetting resin such as an epoxy resin conventionally used as a binding resin is used, the resin binder may be thermoset during molding. There is a tendency that the formability is inferior, the porosity of the magnet is increased, and the mechanical strength and the corrosion resistance are inferior. When a thermoplastic resin is used, it can be preferably used without such a problem. The thermoplastic resin can be selected in a wide range depending on the type, copolymerization, and the like, for example, those that emphasize moldability and those that emphasize heat resistance and mechanical strength.
[0015]
Examples of the thermoplastic resin that can be used include polyamide (eg, nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 610, nylon 612, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 6-12, nylon 6-66), thermoplastic polyimide, and liquid crystal polymer. , Polyolefins such as polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyethylene, and polypropylene, modified polyolefins, polyethers, polyacetals, and the like, or copolymers, blends, polymer alloys, and the like mainly containing these, Two or more kinds can be mixed and used.
[0016]
Among these, polyamide, thermoplastic polyester, and polyphenylene sulfide-based resin are preferable in terms of excellent fluidity, corrosion resistance, and heat resistance. Furthermore, polyamide is most preferably used because it has good moldability, high mechanical strength, and excellent kneadability with magnet powder and kneading uniformity.
[0017]
The thermoplastic resin preferably has a melting point of 400 ° C. or lower, more preferably 300 ° C. or lower. When the melting point exceeds 400 ° C., the temperature during molding rises and oxidation of the magnet powder and the like tends to occur. Moreover, in order to improve fluidity | liquidity and a moldability more, it is preferable that the average molecular weight (polymerization degree) of the used thermoplastic resin is about 10,000 to 60000, and it is more preferable that it is about 12000-30000.
[0018]
The bonded magnet and bonded magnet composition of the present invention (compound etc.) basically do not require the use of an antioxidant for the purpose of rust prevention, but when kneading the rare earth bonded magnet composition, the rare earth magnet It is effective when added to the composition in order to prevent oxidation (deterioration, alteration) of the powder and oxidation of the binding resin. Addition of an antioxidant prevents oxidation of the alloy powder and contributes to the improvement of the magnetic properties of the magnet, and also improves the thermal stability during kneading and molding of the composition for rare earth bonded magnets. And good moldability can be ensured with a small amount of binder resin.
[0019]
Rare earth bonded magnets are manufactured by pressure molding a mixture or kneaded product (compound) of rare earth alloy powder and resin binder into a desired magnet shape. The molding methods include compression molding, injection molding and extrusion. A molding method is used.
[0020]
The compression molding method is a method in which a magnet is manufactured by filling the compound in a press mold and compression molding it to obtain a molded body, and then curing the thermosetting resin that is a binding resin by heating. is there. Compared with other methods, this method can be molded even with a small amount of binder resin, so the amount of resin binder in the obtained magnet is less than 10 vol%, which is advantageous for magnetic properties such as residual magnetization. It is. However, the degree of freedom with respect to the shape of the magnet is small.
[0021]
The extrusion molding method is a method in which a heated and melted compound is extruded from a mold of an extrusion molding machine, solidified by cooling, and cut into a desired length to obtain a magnet. This method has the advantage that the degree of freedom with respect to the shape of the magnet is large and that thin and long magnets can be easily manufactured. However, in order to ensure the fluidity of the melt during molding, the amount of binder resin added Needs to be increased to about 20 vol% compared to that of the compression molding method, and there is a drawback that the amount of resin in the obtained magnet is large and the magnetic properties are deteriorated.
[0022]
The injection molding method is a method in which the compound is heated and melted, and the melt is poured into a mold with sufficient fluidity to be molded into a predetermined magnet shape. In this method, the degree of freedom with respect to the shape of the magnet is greater than that of the extrusion molding method, and in particular, there is an advantage that an irregularly shaped magnet can be easily manufactured. However, since the fluidity of the melt at the time of molding is required to be higher than that of the extrusion molding method, the amount of resin binder added needs to be about 40 vol%, which is higher than that of the extrusion molding method. The amount of resin in the obtained magnet is large, and the magnetic properties are further deteriorated.
[0023]
With respect to the rare earth-transition metal ferromagnetic material powder having the composition of Sm2Fe17N3, alloy powders having various levels of particle diameter and shape were prepared. FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the concentration (vol%) of the alloy powder in the compound and the resistivity (Ω · cm). ◎, ○, Δ, and × indicate the degree of corrosion resistance. X indicates that rust was generated by 24 hours after molding, Δ indicates that rust was not generated in 24 hours, but rust was generated by 100 hours after molding, and ○ indicates 100 to 500 after molding. It shows that rust has occurred by the time. A indicates that rust did not occur even after 500 hours from molding.
[0024]
The compounds corresponding to each experimental point in FIG. 1 are 7 kinds of alloy powders of Sm—Fe—N series prepared by the method described later, and kneaded with nylon 12 which is a representative polyamide as a resin binder. And heated to 240 ° C. In the figure, the point where the alloy powder concentration is 57 vol% is the compound used for injection molding, the point where the alloy powder concentration is 80 vol% is the compound used for extrusion molding, and the point where the alloy powder is 90 vol% is the compound used for compression molding. Show.
[0025]
From this figure, the straight line of x (rusting occurs after 24 hours after molding) shows that the compound resistivity is 100 Ω · cm, 80 Ω · for injection molding, extrusion molding, and compression molding, respectively. It can be seen that cm and 63 Ω · cm are lower than other compounds. Comparing injection molding compounds, Δ at 200 Ω · cm (rust occurs by the end of 100 hours), ○ at 300 Ω · cm (rust occurs by the end of 500 hours), ◎ (after 500 hours by 400 Ω · cm) As the compound resistivity increases, the time until the rust is generated becomes longer. That is, it is difficult to rust. X is a compound obtained by kneading conventional Sm—Fe—N alloy powder that rusts in 24 hours. On the other hand, Δ is not rusted in 24 hours, but rusted by 100 hours, yet it is not practical in terms of corrosion resistance, but the corrosion resistance is still greatly improved compared to the compound obtained in the past. Yes. The relationship between the resistivity of the compound for extrusion molding and the compound for compression molding and the concentration of the alloy powder was almost on a straight line, and the corrosion resistance evaluation of the obtained compounds was Δ. That is, the compounds used in the three types of molding methods are improved in corrosion resistance compared to conventional ones.
[0026]
Therefore, when the relationship between the resistivity of the compound and the magnetic powder concentration is expressed on a two-dimensional coordinate, it is 200 Ω · cm when the magnetic powder concentration is 57 vol%, and 12 Ω · cm when the magnetic powder concentration is 90 vol%. Corrosion resistance is improved by adjusting the compound so that the resistivity is higher than the straight line obtained by connecting the points of cm. Moreover, the same tendency is shown also about the corrosion-resistant effect of the bond magnet obtained by shape | molding a compound.
[0027]
About the measurement of resistivity, it measured by the short needle method according to JISK7194-1994, and computed according to following Formula.
Resistivity measurement method: ρ (resistivity: Ω · cm) = F · t · R
F: Correction coefficient
t: thickness of test specimen (cm)
R: Resistance (Ω)
[0028]
Table 1 shows the average particle size and resistivity of the alloy powder, the magnetic properties, and the results of the corrosion resistance test for the compound obtained by kneading 57 vol% of Sm2Fe17N3 alloy powder with nylon 12. All of the acicularity factors described later select particles with approximately 80%. The resistivity increases as the particles become larger, and the corrosion resistance also improves. However, on the contrary, the magnetic properties decrease as the particle diameter increases. When the average particle diameter exceeds 20 μm, the resistivity is greatly reduced, that is, the corrosion resistance is good, but considering the magnetic properties, there is no practicality as a bonded magnet. Accordingly, it is a necessary condition that the average particle size is 20 μm or less, preferably 10 μm or less, and more preferably 5 μm or less. The range of 1 to 2 μm where the magnetic property is the maximum range is most preferable.
[0029]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003826537
[0030]
Here, as an average particle size of the alloy particles, a specific surface area is measured by an air permeation method using a Fischer Sub-Sieb Sizer (FSSS), and an average value of the particle size of the primary particles is obtained, and this is calculated as the size of the alloy particles. It was used as an index.
[0031]
<Particle shape and corrosion resistance>
The relationship between particle shape and corrosion resistance was tested below. For the particle shape, an acicular degree coefficient described later was used as an index. FIG. 2 plots the relationship between the corrosion resistance and the acicularity factor of a compound obtained by kneading 57 vol% of Sm2Fe17N3 alloy powder with various levels of acicularity factor having an average particle diameter of 1.5 μm and nylon 12. . From this figure, it can be seen that the corrosion resistance is improved as the acicularity coefficient approaches 100%. The acicularity coefficient is 70% or more, the resistivity is 200 or more, and the corrosion resistance is improved to Δ. That is, as the acicularity factor increases, the resistivity increases and the corrosion resistance is improved.
[0032]
<Particle shape and remanent magnetization>
An anisotropic bonded magnet with a diameter of 12φ and a thickness of 7mm using an injection molding machine and a compound obtained by kneading 57vol% Sm2Fe17N3 alloy powder with an average particle size of 1.5μm and nylon 12 Were manufactured and compared. FIG. 3 plots the relationship between the acicularity coefficient of the alloy powder and the residual magnetization. When the acicularity coefficient is 70% or less, the remanent magnetization is almost constant at 4.6 kG, but when it exceeds 75%, the remanent magnetization is improved to 4.9 kG. The needle shape factor is 5.7 kG at 80%, the needle shape factor is 6.8 kG at 85%, the needle shape factor is 7.2 kG at 90%, and the needle shape factor is 95% at 7.5 kG. As it approaches, the remanent magnetization is greatly improved. From these results, it is 75% or more that the effect of increasing the acicularity coefficient affects the increase of remanent magnetization, the preferable acicularity coefficient is 80% or more, and more preferably 85% or more. The most preferable is 90% or more.
[0033]
<Particle shape and coercive force>
The same bonded magnet from which the residual magnetization was measured was plotted in FIG. 4 with respect to the relationship between the coercive force and the acicularity factor. From this figure, when the acicularity coefficient is 70% or less, the coercive force is 5.7 kOe or less, but when it exceeds 75%, the coercive force is improved to 8.4 kOe. The acicularity coefficient is 80%, 13 kOe, the acicularity coefficient is 85%, 15.5, the acicularity coefficient is 90%, 17.5 kOe, and the acicularity coefficient is 95%, 18.5 kOe. , The coercive force is greatly improved. From these results, it is 75% or more that the effect of increasing the acicularity coefficient affects the increase of the coercive force, the preferable acicularity coefficient is 80% or more, and more preferably 85% or more. The most preferable is 90% or more.
[0034]
<Definition of needle degree coefficient>
The acicularity coefficient was measured as follows.
Definition formula: Needleness coefficient (%) = (b / a) × 100%
a = longest diameter of particle image
b = maximum diameter perpendicular to a
For measurement, first, a measurement sample is prepared by thinly spreading the alloy particles. Spread this sample as thin as possible so that the particles do not overlap as much as possible. Take a photograph of the particle image of the measurement sample with an SEM at a magnification of 4000, capture the particle image into a computer with a scanner, separate and extract the particle image, and capture 100 particle image data. Then, as shown in FIG. 5, a (the longest diameter of the particle image) and b (maximum diameter perpendicular to a) are obtained for each particle image by a computer, the acicularity coefficient is calculated, and the average of 100 particles is calculated. The acicularity coefficient was taken. As can be seen from the equation, the acicular degree coefficient becomes closer to a sphere as it approaches 100%.
[0035]
In general, an alloy mainly composed of rare earth elements and iron is easily oxidized, and if the particle size is 5 μm or less, the stability is not good even in an environment where the magnet is used at room temperature to about 100 ° C. Even in the case of Sm-Fe-N powder, it was shown that the coercive force significantly decreased with the passage of time in the experiment of standing at 125 ° C. for 2 μm powder (Yoneyama et al., Proc. (1991) p.40). In order to improve the corrosion resistance, the particle diameter of the powder may be increased. For example, as shown in Patent Publication EP0369097-A1, Sm—Fe—N powder having an average particle diameter of 40 μm has little deterioration in magnetic properties even when left in air at 150 ° C. However, when the particle diameter of the powder is 5 μm or more, the coercive force becomes small in the conventional Sm—Fe—N powder and cannot be used as a powder for a bond magnet. For example, the coercive force of Sm—Fe—N powder having a particle size of about 20 μm is about 0.5 kOe. For practical use as a bonded magnet, the coercive force of the particles needs to be 2 kOe or more, preferably 4 kOe or more. As described above, the magnet powder satisfying both the corrosion resistance and the magnetic characteristics has not been obtained in the Sm—Fe—N system. However, in the present invention, by making the particle shape of this kind of alloy powder close to a spherical shape, the corrosion resistance is greatly improved, and the residual magnetization and coercive force of the bonded magnet are improved.
[0036]
<Resin binder>
Table 2 summarizes the resistivity and corrosion resistance test results of compounds obtained by kneading 57 vol% of Sm2Fe17N3 alloy powder having an average particle size of 1.5 μm and 43 vol% of various resin binders. From this table, it can be seen that polyamide resin, thermoplastic polyester resin and polyphenylene sulfide resin can be preferably used as the resin binder, and particularly polyamide resin can be preferably used. These are all thermoplastic resins, but conversely, thermosetting epoxy resins have low resistivity, and the corrosion test results are not as good as other resins.
[0037]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003826537
[0038]
<Types of alloy powder>
Table 3 summarizes the results of the resistivity and corrosion resistance test of compounds obtained by kneading 57 vol% of alloy powder and 43 vol% of nylon 12 as a resin binder for alloy powders of various compositions. From this result, it can be seen that the composition other than the Sm—Fe—N alloy powder has a large average particle diameter, and even though it is made of the same resin binder, the resistivity is extremely low and the corrosion resistance is not good. Further, even if the same Nd—Fe—B alloy powder has a low resistivity, the corrosion resistance is not good, and the relationship between the resistivity and the corrosion resistance can be established in other compositions of Sm—Fe—N. I understand.
[0039]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003826537
[0040]
The mixing and kneading of the alloy powder and the resin binder as described above can be performed using a commonly used apparatus as it is, and is not particularly limited. For example, a universal stirrer, a ribbon blender, a tumbler, a nauter mixer , Henschel mixers, super mixers, kneaders, rolls, kneader ruders, spray dryers, vibratory fluid dryers, vacuum dryers, single- and twin-screw kneaders, Banbury mixers, and the like can be used. At the time of this kneading, an antioxidant and a plasticizer can be added and kneaded as necessary.
[0041]
As described above, in the present invention, the corrosion resistance is improved by making the resistivity of the bonded magnet obtained by molding or magnetically aligning the compound in the present invention as high as possible. As described above, the factors that have the greatest influence on the quality for producing the compound are the particle size and shape of the alloy powder. Various methods can be used to produce a suitable alloy powder, but it is also an excellent method to improve the raw material of the alloy powder as shown below.
[0042]
In the alloy powder of the present invention, Sm as a rare earth element, Fe as a transition metal are dissolved in an acid, a substance that forms an insoluble salt with Sm and Fe ions is reacted and precipitated in a solution, and the precipitate is fired. It can obtain preferably by adopting a method of obtaining a metal oxide and reducing the obtained metal oxide to obtain an alloy powder. The alloy particles thus obtained are obtained by calcining a precipitate in which the distribution of constituent elements inside the particles is uniform and the particle size is sharp and the particle shape is spherical to obtain a metal oxide. Alloy powder can be obtained by heating in a reducing atmosphere.
[0043]
Among these production methods, the step of obtaining precipitate particles is particularly important. This is because the shape of the precipitate particles is directly inherited by the particle size and particle shape of the oxidized metal oxide and the reduced alloy powder. Therefore, it is important to make the shape of the precipitate particles as close to a sphere as possible.
[0044]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the example which produces the bonded magnet which uses the Sm-Fe-N alloy powder which is a permanent magnet material about the Example of this invention is demonstrated.
[0045]
<1. Preparation of raw material for alloy powder>
Weigh 513.4 g of samarium nitrate hexahydrate Sm (NO3) 3 · 6H2O and 3432.3 g of iron nitrate nonahydrate Fe (NO3) 3 · 9H2O, and simultaneously add them to 10 liters of ion-exchanged water while stirring. To do. After confirming complete dissolution, 2992.5 g of urea (NH 2) 2 CO is added while stirring is continued. The liquid temperature is raised to 80 ° C. while stirring is continued. At this time, urea is hydrolyzed into ammonia and carbon dioxide, and the metal is precipitated by a homogeneous reaction. The precipitated product is taken on filter paper and sucked while supplying ion exchange water from the top. This operation is continued until the specific resistance of the filtrate falls below 50 μS / m. The washed cake is dried in a dryer at 80 ° C.
[0046]
<2. Air firing>
The dried cake is placed in an alumina crucible and baked in an atmosphere at 1100 ° C. for 3 hours. The fired product is loosened by hand and then pulverized with a hammer mill. The particle size of this powder was 1.3 microns with a Fischer sub-sieve sizer.
[0047]
<3. Hydrogen reduction>
The pulverized powder was placed in a steel tray and placed in a tubular furnace in which 100% hydrogen was circulated at a rate of 20 liters / minute, and subjected to heat treatment at 700 ° C. for 10 hours. The black powder obtained had an oxygen concentration of 7.2 wt%.
[0048]
<4. Reduction diffusion reaction>
1000 g of the black powder obtained in the previous step and 350.7 g of granular Ca having a particle size of 6 mm or less are mixed, placed in a steel tray, and set in an inert gas atmosphere furnace. After evacuating the inside of the furnace, it is heated at 1000 ° C. for 1 hour while passing argon gas. The heating is then stopped and subsequently cooled to 450 ° C. in argon gas and thereafter kept constant at this temperature. Then, after evacuating the inside of the furnace again, nitrogen gas is introduced. After heating for 3 hours while passing nitrogen gas at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, the heating is stopped and the mixture is allowed to cool.
[0049]
<7. Washing>
The obtained reaction product is put into 5 liters of ion-exchanged water, whereby the reaction product immediately disintegrates and separation of the alloy powder and the Ca component starts. Stirring in water, standing still, and removal of the supernatant liquid are repeated 5 times, and finally, it is washed in 5 liters of a 2 wt% acetic acid aqueous solution to complete the separation of the Ca component. This is vacuum dried to obtain Sm2Fe17N3 alloy powder.
[0050]
<8. Characteristics>
The obtained powder had good dispersibility and had a spherical shape even when observed with an electron microscope. The particle size of the powder was 2.0 microns with a Fisher sub-sieve sizer. As for the magnetic properties of the powder, σr was 145 emu / g and iHc15.2 kOe. The concentration of oxygen contained in the powder was 0.25 wt%, and segregation of Sm and Fe could not be confirmed by cross-sectional observation with EPMA. Further, according to the X-ray diffraction using Cu—Kα as a radiation source, nothing was observed other than the Sm—Fe alloy as the main phase, and in particular, no trace of α-Fe, which was a pure iron component, was found.
[0051]
The thus obtained 5000 g of Sm2Fe17N3 alloy powder was mixed with 506 g of nylon 12 (low viscosity type) using a test mixer (Kenmix, manufactured by Aikosha Seisakusho Co., Ltd.), and a twin-screw kneader (TEX-30 manufactured by Nippon Steel Works). An anisotropic bonded magnet molded body having a diameter of 12φ and a thickness of 7 mm with an orientation magnetic field strength of 1 T (Tesla) is obtained by kneading and compounding (alloy powder 57 vol%) with an injection molding machine (Zois 15T). Manufactured. As a result of the test, the resistivity was 500 Ω · cm, and no rust was observed even after 2000 hours or more in the high temperature and high humidity test (80 ° C., 90% RH atmosphere). Here, RH means relative humidity (Relative Humidity).
[0052]
[Example 2]
<1. Preparation of raw material for alloy powder>
Add 30 liters of pure water to the reaction tank, and 97% H 2 SO Four 520g, Sm 2 O Three 484.8 g is dissolved and 25% aqueous ammonia is added to adjust the pH to near neutral. In this aqueous solution, FeSO Four ・ 7H 2 5200 g of O was added and completely dissolved to obtain a metal liquid. A carbonate ion solution was prepared by mixing 1224 liters of pure water with 2524 g of ammonium bicarbonate and 1738 g of 25% ammonia water in another tank. While stirring the reaction tank, the carbonate ion solution was gradually added, and ammonia water was added so that the final pH of the total amount was 8.0 ± 0.5. When stirring is stopped and allowed to stand, the product precipitates at the bottom of the container. When a part of the precipitate obtained at this time was collected and observed with a microscope, it was a spherical particle with a uniform grain. The average particle diameter by a Fisher sub-sieve sizer (FSSS) was 1.4 μm.
[0053]
Subsequent steps were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain Sm2Fe17N3 alloy powder. The obtained powder had good dispersibility and had a spherical shape even when observed with an electron microscope. The average particle diameter of the powder was 1.8 μm as measured by FSSS, the acicularity coefficient was 83%, and the circularity coefficient was 87%. The magnetic properties of the powder were σr140 emu / g and iHc was 16.0 kOe. The concentration of oxygen contained in the powder was 0.25 wt%, and segregation of Sm and Fe could not be confirmed by cross-sectional observation with EPMA. Further, according to X-ray diffraction using Cu—Kα as a radiation source, nothing was observed other than the Sm—Fe alloy as the main phase, and in particular, no traces of α-Fe as a pure iron component were found.
[0054]
5000 g of the Sm2Fe17N3 alloy powder thus obtained was mixed with 506 g of nylon 12 (low viscosity type) using a test mixer (Kenmix manufactured by Aikosha Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) and mixed with a twin-screw kneader (TEX-30 manufactured by Nippon Steel Works). ) And kneaded and compounded (alloy powder 57 vol%) to produce an anisotropic bonded magnet in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result of the test, the resistivity was 500 Ω · cm, and no rust was observed even after 2000 hours or more in the high temperature and high humidity test (in an atmosphere of 80 ° C. and 90% RH).
[0055]
[Comparative Example 1]
Metal Sm and metal Fe were melted at an atomic ratio of 2 to 17. The melt was poured into a water-cooled copper mold to obtain an Sm2Fe17 alloy. The obtained ingot was coarsely pulverized with a jaw crusher and then subjected to heat treatment at 1100 ° C. for 40 hours in argon for the purpose of homogenization. The obtained alloy was pulverized by a ball mill of steel balls for 2 hours. Further, this powder was heat-treated at 100% nitrogen and 450 ° C. for 5 hours. The obtained powder was in an agglomerated state with poor dispersibility, and had an angular shape even when observed with an electron microscope. The average particle size of the powder was 10 μm as measured by FSSS, and the acicularity factor was 64%. The magnetic properties of the powder were a residual magnetization σr of 85 emu / g and a coercive force iHc of 8.2 kOe. The concentration of oxygen contained in the powder was 0.6 wt%, and segregation of Sm and Fe could be confirmed by cross-sectional observation with EPMA. Further, according to X-ray diffraction using Cu-Kα as a radiation source, a clear peak due to α-Fe was observed.
[0056]
5000 g of the Sm2Fe17N3 alloy powder thus obtained was mixed with 506 g of nylon 12 (low viscosity type) using a test mixer (Kenmix manufactured by Aikosha Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) and mixed with a twin-screw kneader (TEX-30 manufactured by Nippon Steel Works). ) And kneaded and compounded (alloy powder 57 vol%) to produce an anisotropic bonded magnet in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result of the test, the resistivity was 2 Ω · cm, and rust was generated at 48 in the high temperature and high humidity test (in an atmosphere of 80 ° C. and 90% RH).
[0057]
[Comparative Example 2]
Except for using Nd12Fe82B6 powder (GMP-B manufactured by GM, average particle size 110 μm) as the ferromagnetic powder, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to prepare a compound, which was molded in the same blending ratio of 57 vol% and without a magnetic field. A similar test was conducted. As a result, the resistivity was 7 Ω · cm, and the surface of the molded body was extremely deteriorated in corrosion resistance as apparent from observation of a micrograph, and rust was generated in a high temperature / high humidity test for 24 hours.
[0058]
[Comparative Example 3]
An Sm-Co powder (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., 2-17 series, average particle size 10 μm) was used as the ferromagnetic powder, and the same operation as in Example 1 was performed, and the same test was performed at a blending ratio of 57 vol%. As a result, the resistivity was 2 Ω · cm, and rust was generated on the surface of the molded body after 48 hours of the high temperature and high humidity test, as is apparent from observation of the micrograph.
[0059]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the composition for bonded magnets and the bonded magnet of the present invention have a significantly higher resistivity than that of the conventional one, and as a result, the corrosion resistance is remarkably improved. The method for obtaining such a high-resistance compound is not particularly limited, but the resistance can be increased by bringing the shape of the particles of the ferromagnetic material closer to a sphere. In addition, various alloy powders can be applied as the magnetic material, but this is particularly effective in a compound in which an Sm—Fe—N alloy powder is kneaded. The type of the resin binder is not particularly limited, but a thermoplastic resin is preferable. Particularly, when a polyamide-based, thermoplastic polyester, or polyphenylene sulfide-based resin binder is used, it is most effective.
[0060]
The strong correlation between the shape of the alloy powder particles kneaded into the compound and the corrosion resistance is derived from a huge number of test results, but it is not clear why there is such a correlation. On the other hand, we estimate that the point that the shape of the particles can be finished spherically depends largely on the reactivity of the raw material particles, and that good reactivity contributes to the stability of the alloy particle surface. ing.
[0061]
Furthermore, regarding the fact that the high resistivity of the compound affects the corrosion resistance, the resin particles always cover the surface of the alloy powder in the compound, because the alloy particles are present in the resin binder in a dispersed state, Since this is insulating, it is estimated that the resistivity becomes high. The alloy powder in the compound is in a dispersed state and contributes to corrosion resistance by uniformly covering the particle surface with a resin binder. In addition, the Sm—Fe—N alloy powder can be reduced in particle size, and the bond magnet obtained by molding a compound in which alloy powder particles close to a single domain particle size are formed has a coercive force. Also, the magnetic characteristics such as remanent magnetization are greatly improved compared to the conventional one.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the resistivity of a compound and the concentration of alloy powder.
FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the resistivity of a compound and the acicularity coefficient of alloy particles.
FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the residual magnetization of the bonded magnet and the acicularity coefficient of the alloy powder used.
FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the coercivity of a bonded magnet and the acicularity factor of the alloy powder used.
FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the diameter and formula that define the shape of the alloy particles and the acicularity coefficient.

Claims (1)

Sm−Fe−N系合金粉末とポリアミド系の熱可塑性樹脂の混合物を成形して得たボンド磁石或いはボンド磁石用組成物であって、
Sm及びFeイオンと不溶性の塩からなる沈殿物を焼成して金属酸化物とし、該金属酸化物を水素還元後に還元拡散反応することによって得られる前記Sm−Fe−N系合金粉末の平均粒径は0.5〜μmの範囲、針状度係数は70%以上であり、
前記ボンド磁石或いはボンド磁石用組成物の抵抗率は、抵抗率と磁性粉末濃度の関係を二次元座標上に表現した場合、磁性粉末濃度が57vol%のとき200Ω・cmである点、磁性粉末濃度が90vol%のとき12Ω・cmである点、を結んで得る直線上か、又は、該直線よりも抵抗率が大きいことを満たすことを特徴とするボンド磁石或いはボンド磁石用組成物。
但し、針状度係数は、次のように定義された値である。
定義式:針状度係数(%)=(b/a)×100%
a=粒子像の最長径
b=aに垂直な最大径
A bonded magnet or a bonded magnet composition obtained by molding a mixture of an Sm-Fe-N-based alloy powder and a polyamide-based thermoplastic resin,
An average particle diameter of the Sm-Fe-N alloy powder obtained by calcining a precipitate composed of Sm and Fe ions and an insoluble salt to form a metal oxide, and subjecting the metal oxide to a reduction diffusion reaction after hydrogen reduction. Is in the range of 0.5 to 5 μm, the acicularity coefficient is 70% or more,
The resistivity of the bonded magnet or the composition for bonded magnet is 200 Ω · cm when the magnetic powder concentration is 57 vol% when the relationship between the resistivity and the magnetic powder concentration is expressed on two-dimensional coordinates. A bonded magnet or a composition for bonded magnets, characterized by satisfying that it is on a straight line obtained by connecting the points of 12 Ω · cm at a vol. Of 90 vol% or having a higher resistivity than the straight line.
However, the acicularity coefficient is a value defined as follows.
Definition formula: Needleness coefficient (%) = (b / a) × 100%
a = longest diameter of particle image b = maximum diameter perpendicular to a
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