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JP3826538B2 - Hot metal desiliconization and phosphorus removal methods - Google Patents
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JP3826538B2 - Hot metal desiliconization and phosphorus removal methods - Google Patents

Hot metal desiliconization and phosphorus removal methods Download PDF

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JP3826538B2
JP3826538B2 JP01704698A JP1704698A JP3826538B2 JP 3826538 B2 JP3826538 B2 JP 3826538B2 JP 01704698 A JP01704698 A JP 01704698A JP 1704698 A JP1704698 A JP 1704698A JP 3826538 B2 JP3826538 B2 JP 3826538B2
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Prior art keywords
desiliconization
hot metal
dephosphorization
oxygen
period
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JP01704698A
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JPH11217616A (en
Inventor
栄司 俵
正規 錦織
廣 西川
康夫 岸本
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、トピードカーにおいて溶銑の脱珪、脱りんを行う方法に関し、とくに溶銑への気体酸素および/または酸化剤やCaO、CaF2等の製錬フラックスの供給パターンに特徴を有する技術についての提案である。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
トピードカーにおいて溶銑の脱珪、脱りんを行うには、ミルスケール等の酸化剤やCaO、CaF2等の製錬フラックスを、インジェクションランスから搬送ガスを使って溶銑中に吹き込むことにより処理するのが普通である。
このような方法において、たとえば、脱珪、脱りん処理の速度を向上させる必要があるとき、インジェクションの速度を増加させなければならないが、そうすると、溶銑が揺動してトピードカーの外へ流出することがあり、操業阻害のみならず溶銑のロスを招くという問題があった。
【0003】
この問題に対して、特開平4−280909号公報では、供給が必要な気体酸素については、インジェクションだけでなく酸素上吹きランスを設け、そのインジェクションランスからの酸素供給量と酸素上吹きランスからの酸素供給量との割合を最適化することにより、スプラッシュ等による溶銑ロスを低減する方法を提案している。
ただし、この方法は、脱りん処理のための時間の短縮と処理中の温度降下が小さいという良い点がある反面、脱りん期に排ガス温度が上がり、集塵ダクトの水冷化が必要となる点で、建設コストのアップを招くだけでなく、トピードカー耐火物の損耗が大きいという問題があった。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
さらに、発明者らが詳細に実験を重ねて調査したところによると、ミルスケール等の酸化剤、CaO, CaF2等の製錬フラックスを、気体酸素を搬送ガスとしてインジェクションする際の溶銑ロス (溶銑揺動による) は、特開平4−280909号公報で開示されているように、酸素上吹きランスを併用することで低減できる。しかし、この方法では、脱珪期, 脱りん期を問わず、一定の速度で製錬フラックスの吹き込みを行っているので、脱りん反応に先立って進行する脱珪反応時には、湯面の上方から添加する気体酸素の反応効率が低いという問題があった。また、上述したように、トピードカーの酸化物損耗が大きいという問題も残っている。
【0005】
本発明の目的は、従来技術が抱えている上述した課題を解決することにあり、とくに湯面の上方から添加する上吹き酸素の反応効率を向上させることができると共に、トピードカー耐火物の損耗の低減を図ることができる他、フラックス原単位を削減することを可能にする溶銑の脱珪、脱りん処理の方法を提案することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上掲の目的を実現するために鋭意研究した結果、以下に述べるような方法に想到した。
すなわち本発明は、トピードカー内の溶銑中に、気体酸素および/または窒素を搬送ガスとするインジェクションランスにて、酸化剤、製錬フラックスをインジェクションすることにより溶銑の脱珪、脱りんを行う方法において、溶銑の上方より上吹きランスを介して行う酸素の供給を、脱りんに先立って進行する脱珪期にのみ行うことを特徴とする溶銑の脱珪、脱りん方法である。
なお、本発明においては、上記脱珪期には、インジェクションランスからのインジェクションを酸化剤のみとし、脱珪処理終了後の主として脱りん処理期には製錬フラックスのインジェクションを集中して行うことが好ましい。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
上述したように、溶銑の脱珪、脱りん反応を迅速化する一方で、溶銑の揺動を抑えてスプラッシュを防止するためには、インジェクションだけに頼るのではなく、上吹きランスから酸素を供給することが有効である。しかしながら、この既知の方法では、脱りん期における上吹き酸素の利用効率が低下すると同時に、溶銑中の炭素が酸化されて発生するCOガスが上吹き酸素によって二次燃焼し、排ガス温度が著しく高温となるため、トピードカーの耐火物を損耗するという課題が残っていた。このことについては既に説明したとおりである。
【0008】
そこで発明者らは、この脱りん期での上吹きランスからの酸素の供給を停止したらどうなるかを考え、このようなケースについての種々の実験を重ねたところ、脱珪期にのみ上吹きランスからの酸素を噴射することの方が有効であるとの結論に達した。というのは、この脱珪期においては、製錬フラックスのインジェクションによって生成するスラグ量はわずかであるから、上吹き酸素は溶融スラグ層に妨げられることなく溶銑と反応し、Siの酸化に寄与することがわかったからである。
【0009】
一方、脱りん期に入ってからは、このときに生成したSiO2と製錬フラックスとが相俟って浴面上には多くのスラグが生成し、そのために上吹き酸素と溶銑との接触が妨げられ、いわゆる脱りん反応を阻害することが明らかとなった。
【0010】
以上説明した理由により本発明では、脱珪期にのみ、上吹きランスからの酸素供給を行うことで酸素の有効な利用を図ると共に、排ガスの二次燃焼によるトピードカー耐火物の溶損を効果的に防止するようにしたのである。
【0011】
さらに、発明者らの研究によれば、脱珪期においては、スラグ量が少ないほど上吹き酸素による脱珪効率が高いこともわかった。従って、脱珪期については、インジェクションランスからの吹込みに当たっては、CaO、CaF2などの製錬フラックスは吹き込まず、専ら、鉄鉱石やミルスケールなどの酸化剤のみを搬送ガスとともにインジェクションするのがよいことが判明した。この点、従来の知見では、生成するSiO2を希釈しその活量を低下するために、脱珪期においてもCaO、CaF2などの製錬フラックスをインジェクションする方が到達溶銑Siを低下させる上でよいとされていた。ところが、発明者らの知見では、脱珪期にCaO, CaF2などの製錬フラックスを吹き込まずとも脱りん期に十分なフラックスをインジェクションすれば、脱りん期においても溶銑中のPとともにSiも低下し、到達Si、Pのレベルは従来技術と遜色がない程度まで低下することを突きとめた。
【0012】
そこで、本発明の他の実施形態として、脱りん期において、脱炭反応によって生じる一酸化炭素の二次燃焼によるトピードカー耐火物の損耗を抑制するために、上吹き気体酸素の供給を停止することに併せて、脱珪期には搬送ガスと共に酸化剤のみをインジェクションすることとし、製錬フラックスについては脱珪終了後にインジェクションすることにしたのである。
【0013】
以下、本発明方法について、さらに詳細に説明する。
図1は、本発明に従うインジェクションパターンの最適化の例である。すなわち、溶銑処理初期の脱珪が優先的に進行する時期には、上吹きランスより上吹きの酸素だけを供給し、CaO、CaF2などのフラックスの吹込みを停止するか、または最小限に抑える。また、この脱珪期の後に引き続く脱りん処理時は、二次燃焼を抑制するため、上吹きランスからの上吹きの酸素供給は一切停止する。
【0014】
図2は、従来のように脱珪が優先的に進行する脱珪期にCaO、CaF2などの製錬フラックスを 100〜150 kg/minの速度で吹き込んだ場合と、本発明方法に従って全く吹き込まない場合の上吹き酸素の酸素効率を示すものである。本発明のように、製錬フラックスを吹き込まないと、酸素効率が高い。これは、スラグ厚みを上述したように小さく保てるため、鋼浴に到達する酸素量が増加するためである。
【0015】
図3は、全処理期間を通じて上吹き酸素を20〜30 Nm3/min (0.05〜0.08 Nm3/t・min.) 使用した場合と、本発明方法に従い脱りん期には上吹き酸素の吹込みを中止した場合の排ガス温度を比較したものである。この図に示すとおり、処理後期 (脱りん期) に上吹き酸素の使用を止めることによって排ガス温度が低下している。これより、脱りん期の上吹き酸素の使用停止は耐火物損耗の抑制に効果があることがわかる。
【0016】
【実施例】
表1は、本発明方法に従う実施例の結果を示す。[Si]=0.21wt%、[P]=0.167 wt%の成分を持つ1370℃の溶銑を、CaO:15.2 kg/tp、CaF2:0.75 kg/tp、酸化鉄:28 kg/tpと、インジェクション酸素1.2 Nm3/tp、上吹き酸素1.3 Nm3/tpで脱りんし、[Si]=0.03wt%、[P]=0.042 wt%の成分を有する1312℃の溶銑を得た。図1はこのときの処理パターンであり、図4は処理設備の概略図である。
比較例として、脱珪期、脱りん期に関係なく上吹きランスからは酸素を吹き、インジェクションランスからはCaO−CaF2および酸化鉄をインジェクションする、従来法に従う操業を行った。吹込み流量, インジェクション流量は、図5に示すパターンによって行った。このときの溶銑成分の変化を表2に示す。
以上の結果から明らかなように、表1に示した本発明法と表2に示した従来法とを比べてると、同一処理時間内での処理後りん濃度の差は、従来:0.063wt%に対し、本発明:0.052wt%と約0.01wt%も低下しており、また、フラックス原単位の削減量: 3.5 kg/tpを得た。
【0017】
【表1】

Figure 0003826538
【0018】
【表2】
Figure 0003826538
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明によれば、溶銑の脱珪, 脱りん処理において、排ガス温度の上昇によるトピードカー耐火物の溶損をきたすことなく短時間で脱珪, 脱りんを図ることが可能となる。また、設備投資コストの低減を図ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明による脱珪、脱りん処理パターンの説明図である。
【図2】反応酸素効率の説明図である。
【図3】排ガス温度の比較図である。
【図4】脱珪、脱りん処理設備の概念図である。
【図5】従来法による脱珪, 脱りん処理パターンの説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1 トピードカー
2 溶銑
3 トップスラグ
4 インジェクションランス
5 上吹きランス[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for desiliconization and dephosphorization of hot metal in a topped car, and in particular, a proposal for a technique characterized by a supply pattern of smelting flux such as gaseous oxygen and / or oxidizing agent, CaO, and CaF 2 to hot metal. It is.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In order to perform desiliconization and dephosphorization of hot metal in a topped car, treatment is performed by blowing an oxidizing agent such as a mill scale or a smelting flux such as CaO or CaF 2 into the hot metal using a carrier gas from an injection lance. It is normal.
In such a method, for example, when it is necessary to improve the speed of desiliconization and dephosphorization, the injection speed must be increased, but if this is done, the hot metal will oscillate and flow out of the topped car. There was a problem that not only the operation was disturbed, but also hot metal loss was caused.
[0003]
In order to solve this problem, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-280909 discloses not only the injection but also an oxygen top blowing lance for gaseous oxygen that needs to be supplied, and the oxygen supply amount from the injection lance and the oxygen top blowing lance A method of reducing hot metal loss due to splash or the like by optimizing the ratio with the oxygen supply amount is proposed.
However, this method has the advantages of shortening the time for dephosphorization and reducing the temperature drop during the process, but the exhaust gas temperature rises during the dephosphorization period, and water cooling of the dust collection duct is required. In addition to increasing the construction cost, there is a problem that the wear of the topped car refractory is large.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Furthermore, according to a detailed investigation conducted by the inventors, hot metal loss (hot metal loss) when injecting oxidizers such as mill scale and smelting fluxes such as CaO and CaF 2 using gaseous oxygen as a carrier gas was performed. (By swinging) can be reduced by using an oxygen top blowing lance as disclosed in JP-A-4-280909. However, in this method, since the smelting flux is blown at a constant rate regardless of the desiliconization period or the dephosphorization period, during the desiliconization reaction that proceeds prior to the dephosphorization reaction, There was a problem that the reaction efficiency of the gaseous oxygen to be added was low. Further, as described above, there remains a problem that the oxide wear of the topped car is large.
[0005]
The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and in particular, it is possible to improve the reaction efficiency of top-blown oxygen added from above the molten metal surface, and to reduce the wear of the topped car refractory. Another object is to propose a method for desiliconization and dephosphorization of hot metal that makes it possible to reduce the basic unit of flux.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of diligent research to realize the above-mentioned purpose, the following method was conceived.
That is, the present invention relates to a method for desiliconization and dephosphorization of hot metal by injecting an oxidizing agent and a smelting flux with an injection lance using gaseous oxygen and / or nitrogen as a carrier gas during hot metal in a topped car. In this hot metal desiliconization and dephosphorization method, oxygen is supplied from above the hot metal via an upper blowing lance only during the desiliconization period that proceeds prior to dephosphorization.
In the present invention, during the desiliconization period, the injection from the injection lance is only an oxidizing agent, and the injection of the smelting flux is performed mainly in the dephosphorization process period after the desiliconization process is completed. preferable.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As mentioned above, in order to speed up the hot metal desiliconization and phosphorus removal reaction, to suppress splashing by suppressing the fluctuation of the hot metal, oxygen is supplied from the top blowing lance rather than relying solely on injection. It is effective to do. However, in this known method, the utilization efficiency of the top blown oxygen in the dephosphorization period is reduced, and at the same time, the CO gas generated by oxidizing the carbon in the hot metal is secondarily burned by the top blown oxygen, and the exhaust gas temperature is extremely high. Therefore, the problem that the refractory of the topped car is worn out remains. This has already been explained.
[0008]
Therefore, the inventors considered what would happen if the supply of oxygen from the top blowing lance during this dephosphorization period was stopped, and repeated various experiments on such a case, and found that the top blowing lance only during the desiliconization period. It was concluded that it was more effective to inject oxygen from This is because, during this desiliconization period, the amount of slag produced by the injection of smelting flux is very small, so the top blowing oxygen reacts with the hot metal without being blocked by the molten slag layer and contributes to the oxidation of Si. Because it was understood.
[0009]
On the other hand, after entering the dephosphorization period, the SiO 2 produced at this time and the smelting flux combine to produce a lot of slag on the bath surface. It was revealed that the so-called dephosphorylation reaction was inhibited.
[0010]
For the reasons described above, in the present invention, oxygen is effectively used only by supplying oxygen from the top blow lance only during the desiliconization period, and effective melting of topped car refractories due to secondary combustion of exhaust gas is effective. This is to prevent it.
[0011]
Furthermore, according to the research by the inventors, it was found that the desiliconization efficiency by top blowing oxygen is higher as the slag amount is smaller in the desiliconization period. Therefore, during the desiliconization period, smelting flux such as CaO and CaF 2 is not blown when blowing from the injection lance, and only oxidants such as iron ore and mill scale are injected together with the carrier gas. It turned out to be good. In this regard, according to conventional knowledge, in order to dilute the generated SiO 2 and reduce its activity, injection of smelting flux such as CaO and CaF 2 also reduces the ultimate molten iron Si even during the desiliconization period. It was supposed to be good. However, according to the knowledge of the inventors, if a sufficient flux is injected during the dephosphorization period without blowing a smelting flux such as CaO or CaF 2 during the desiliconization period, Si and P in the molten iron are also contained in the dephosphorization period. It has been found that the levels of the reached Si and P are reduced to a level comparable to that of the prior art.
[0012]
Therefore, as another embodiment of the present invention, in the dephosphorization period, in order to suppress the wear of the topped car refractory due to the secondary combustion of carbon monoxide generated by the decarburization reaction, the supply of the top blowing gas oxygen is stopped. At the same time, during the desiliconization period, only the oxidant was injected together with the carrier gas, and the smelting flux was injected after the desiliconization.
[0013]
Hereinafter, the method of the present invention will be described in more detail.
FIG. 1 is an example of injection pattern optimization according to the present invention. That is, when desiliconization in the initial stage of the hot metal treatment is preferentially advanced, only the oxygen blown up from the top blowing lance is supplied and the blowing of fluxes such as CaO and CaF 2 is stopped or minimized. suppress. In addition, during the dephosphorization process that follows the desiliconization period, the oxygen supply from the top blowing lance is completely stopped to suppress secondary combustion.
[0014]
FIG. 2 shows a case where a smelting flux such as CaO and CaF 2 is blown at a rate of 100 to 150 kg / min during the desiliconization period in which desiliconization preferentially proceeds as in the conventional case, and completely according to the method of the present invention. It shows the oxygen efficiency of the top blown oxygen when there is not. If the smelting flux is not blown as in the present invention, the oxygen efficiency is high. This is because the amount of oxygen reaching the steel bath increases because the slag thickness can be kept small as described above.
[0015]
FIG. 3 shows the case where 20 to 30 Nm 3 / min (0.05 to 0.08 Nm 3 / t · min.) Of top blowing oxygen is used throughout the entire treatment period and the top blowing oxygen blowing in the dephosphorization period according to the method of the present invention. This is a comparison of the exhaust gas temperatures when stopping the process. As shown in this figure, the exhaust gas temperature is lowered by stopping the use of top-blown oxygen in the late stage of treatment (dephosphorization stage). From this, it can be seen that stopping the use of the top blown oxygen during the dephosphorization period is effective in suppressing refractory wear.
[0016]
【Example】
Table 1 shows the results of the examples according to the method of the invention. [Si] = 0.21wt%, the hot metal of 1370 ° C. with [P] = 0.167 wt% components, CaO: 15.2 kg / tp, CaF 2: 0.75 kg / tp, iron oxide: 28 kg / tp and an injection Dephosphorization was performed with oxygen 1.2 Nm 3 / tp and top blown oxygen 1.3 Nm 3 / tp to obtain 1312 ° C. hot metal having components of [Si] = 0.03 wt% and [P] = 0.042 wt%. FIG. 1 is a processing pattern at this time, and FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the processing equipment.
As a comparative example, an operation according to a conventional method was performed in which oxygen was blown from the top blowing lance and CaO—CaF 2 and iron oxide were injected from the injection lance regardless of the desiliconization period and the dephosphorization period. The blowing flow rate and the injection flow rate were performed according to the pattern shown in FIG. Table 2 shows changes in the hot metal component at this time.
As is clear from the above results, when the present invention method shown in Table 1 is compared with the conventional method shown in Table 2, the difference in phosphorus concentration after treatment within the same treatment time is 0.063 wt% On the other hand, the present invention: 0.052 wt% and about 0.01 wt% were also reduced, and the amount of reduction of the flux basic unit: 3.5 kg / tp was obtained.
[0017]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003826538
[0018]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003826538
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to perform desiliconization and dephosphorization in a short time without decomposing the topped car refractory due to an increase in exhaust gas temperature in the desiliconization and dephosphorization treatment of hot metal. Become. In addition, the capital investment cost can be reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a desiliconization and dephosphorization processing pattern according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of reaction oxygen efficiency.
FIG. 3 is a comparison diagram of exhaust gas temperatures.
FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of desiliconization and dephosphorization processing equipment.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a desiliconization and dephosphorization processing pattern according to a conventional method.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Topped car 2 Hot metal 3 Top slug 4 Injection lance 5 Top blowing lance

Claims (2)

トピードカー内の溶銑中に、気体酸素および/または窒素を搬送ガスとするインジェクションランスにて、酸化剤、製錬フラックスをインジェクションすることにより溶銑の脱珪、脱りんを行う方法において、溶銑の上方より上吹きランスを介して行う酸素の供給を、脱りんに先立って進行する脱珪期にのみ行うことを特徴とする溶銑の脱珪、脱りん方法。In the method of desiliconization and dephosphorization of hot metal by injecting oxidizing agent and smelting flux with injection lance using gaseous oxygen and / or nitrogen as carrier gas in hot metal in topped car, from above hot metal A method for desiliconization and dephosphorization of hot metal, characterized in that the oxygen supply through the top blowing lance is performed only during the desiliconization period that proceeds prior to dephosphorization. 上記脱珪期には、インジェクションランスからのインジェクションを酸化剤のみとし、脱珪処理終了後の主として脱りん処理期には製錬フラックスのインジェクションを集中して行うことを特徴とする請求項1記載の溶銑の脱珪、脱りん方法。2. The smelting flux injection is concentrated and performed mainly in the dephosphorization treatment period after the desiliconization process is finished, with the injection from the injection lance being the only oxidizing agent in the desiliconization period. Of hot metal desiliconization and dephosphorization.
JP01704698A 1998-01-29 1998-01-29 Hot metal desiliconization and phosphorus removal methods Expired - Fee Related JP3826538B2 (en)

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