JP3829888B2 - Synchronous rotating machine with permanent magnet - Google Patents

Description

各パラメータの設定により有効磁束量Φ１は任意に設定できる。例えば界磁巻線に電流を流さないとき（Ｆｃ＝０）、
Φ１０＝ＲｒＦｍ／（ＲｒＲｍ＋Ｒｍ（Ｒｇ＋Ｒｓ）＋（Ｒｇ＋Ｒｓ）Ｒｒ）
となり、短絡部磁気抵抗Ｒｒが小のときはΦ１０≒０となる。短絡部磁気抵抗Ｒｒは積層コア１２２、鉄心コア１２１円環部、極部１２３および各部材の接合部の磁気抵抗により決定されるため、前記各部の断面積および長さを設定することで、界磁巻線１２４に電流を流さない時の有効磁束量Φ１０を調整することができる。ここではロータ１２０からステータ１１０への磁路が構成磁性体のＢ−Ｈカーブ線形領域で使用できる様、磁束密度を１T 以下に設定する。界磁巻線に通電した場合は、界磁巻線起磁力Ｆｃ分の磁束Φ１c
【００２０】
【数２】
Φ１c ＝ＲｍＦｃ／（ＲｒＲｍ＋Ｒｍ（Ｒｇ＋Ｒｓ）＋（Ｒｇ＋Ｒｓ）Ｒｒ）
が加算され、有効磁束量Φ１１は
【００２１】
【数３】
Φ１＝Φ１０＋Φ１c
となり、界磁巻線通電電流により有効磁束量を調整することが可能である。
次に、本発明の回転機を例えば電気自動車用走行モータの様な広使用回転数域のモータに適用した場合について記載する。
【００２２】
弱め界磁制御が不要なモータ低回転数域においては、界磁巻線への通電電流を増加し、作用磁束量Φ１を増加する。モータ発生トルクは作用磁束量Φ１とトルク電流に比例するため、作用磁束量Φ１を増加することでステータ巻線に流れるトルク電流を低減することが可能である。また反作用誘起電圧が印加電圧を超えるためモータ駆動に弱め界磁制御が必要な高回転数域においては、界磁巻線への通電電流をゼロとし磁石による磁束Φ１０のみにすることで、トルク電流とは別な本来必要無い弱め界磁電流を減少させることができる。これにより、ステータ最大電流を減らすことができるため、巻線部の発熱が抑えられ回転機の小型化が可能となる。また、電力変換器の電流容量も低減することができるため、電力変換器の小型化と低コスト化が実現可能である。更に界磁巻線部の銅損はステータ巻線の銅損に比べてわずかであるため、本発明のような界磁巻線部で弱め界磁を行う制御方法は、ステータ巻線のみからの弱め界磁を行う従来の永久磁石式回転機の制御方法に比べて銅損が少ないため効率が良い。
【００２３】
また一般にステータ巻線はスロットに集中的に巻装されるため、例えステータ巻線に歪のない正弦波電流が流れた場合でも、ある瞬間を見れば、ステータ内周およびロータ外周間のエアギャップにおけるステータ側からロータ側への発生界磁（ステータ界磁）は、ステータの周方向位置に対して空間的に階段状である。この階段状磁界により例えば空間的に正弦波分布をしたロータ磁界を打ち消す場合、ロータ磁界の波長に相当する基本波レベルで打ち消せてもその差の高調波磁界が残り、これがエアギャップ、ステータコアおよびロータコアに交番する高調波磁束となる（図５）。この高調波磁束は周波数が高いことからステータ鉄損及びロータ表面鉄損を大幅に増加する原因となり好ましくない。これに対し本発明では、ロータからの起磁力を直接減らす制御法であるため、ステータ巻線の弱め界磁電流がわずか或いはゼロでよい（但しステータ巻線にはトルク電流分の電流は流れている）ため高調波磁束の発生が抑えられ、それによるステータおよびロータ表面に発生する鉄損を最小限に抑えることが可能である。
【００２４】
また、界磁巻線起磁力Ｆｃ＝０のときの有効磁束量Φ１０を有効磁路内構成部材磁気特性のＢ−Ｈカーブの線形領域で設定した理由は、有効磁束量Φ１０による反作用誘起電圧が印加電圧以上となる高回転数域でモータ駆動する必要が生じたとき、ステータからの弱め界磁に必要なステータ電流を最小限に抑えることが可能であるためである。図６において説明すると、ステータ磁界により有効磁束をΦ１からΦ２に減少させる場合、Ｂ−Ｈカーブが線形であるときの必要ＡＴをＡＴa ，非線形であるときの必要ＡＴをＡＴb とするとＡＴa ＜ＡＴb となって、ステータ巻線の巻数が同じである場合、その差はステータ巻線電流の差となるためである。
【００２５】
従来の永久磁石式回転機をモータとして動作させた時のＴ−Ｎカーブにおける効率マップ図７に対して、本発明の回転機を上記制御方法にて駆動した場合のＴ−Ｎカーブにおける効率マップは図８のようになり、効率マップ上の最大効率範囲が拡大する。
本発明の回転機を車両用発電機として使用する場合は、Φ１０を車両用常用負荷のレベルに設定しておき、それ以上の出力が要求されるときのみ界磁巻線に通電すれば、界磁巻線の銅損が低減でき高効率の発電が可能である。
【００２６】
従来、ロータからの界磁をコントロールできる同期回転機として突極形同期機、クローポール形同期機があげられる。両者は共に界磁巻線のみにより、有効磁束を得ており、必要最小限を界磁巻線で補う本発明に対して界磁巻線での抵抗損が大きくなる。
また、クローポール形同期機に対しては、ロータ磁極表面が積層電磁鋼板により構成されるため、ロータ磁極表面での鉄損を抑えることが可能である。
【００２７】
図１０、図１１および図１２に本発明の第２の実施例を示す。本実施例は第１の実施例に対してブラシ、スリップリングを廃止したものである。
回転機１００は、フロントフレーム１９０およびエンドフレーム１９１内部に固定子に相当するステータ１１０と、フロントフレーム１９０およびエンドフレーム１９１で囲まれた空間内に設けられ、前記ステータ１１０の内側にエアギャップを介して回転可能に設けられた回転子に相当するロータ１２０を有している。
【００２８】
ステータ１１０は回転磁界を作る３相コイル１１１及び電磁鋼板を積層したステータコア１１２で構成される。
ロータ１２０は鉄心コア１２１ｃおよび１２１ｄ、電磁鋼板を積層して構成された積層コア１２２、鉄心コア１２１ｃおよび１２１ｄから放射状に伸びた極部（突出部）１２３ｃおよび１２３ｄ、鉄心コア１２１ｃおよび１２１ｄの間にエアギャップを介して配置される鉄心ボビン１３０、および鉄心ボビン１３０に巻装された界磁巻線１２４ならびに鉄心コア１２１ｃが圧入されたシャフト１２５を有している。ここで鉄心コア１２１ｃおよび極部１２３ｃにより第１の回転子コアを、鉄心コア１２１ｄおよび極部１２３ｄにより第２の回転子コアを構成しており、円環状の積層コア１２２が第３の回転子コアを構成している。
【００２９】
ここで、第２の回転子コアは非磁性リング１２９により第１の回転子コアにろう付け固定されている。これにより、第２の回転子コアは外径側を第３の回転子コアにより、内径側を非磁性リング１２９により第１の回転子コアに結合される。
シャフト１２５は、先端側にスプライン１２６を有しており、シャフト１２５は、フロントフレーム１９０およびエンドフレーム１９１に設けられたベアリング１９２、１９３により回転可能に支持されている。
【００３０】
なお、１９４は、ロータ１２０の回転位置を検出する回転位置センサである。そして、回転機１００の３相コイル１１１は電力変換器２００に、電力変換器２００はバッテリ３００に結線される。また、界磁巻線１２４は界磁回路４００に、回転位置センサ１９４は信号処理回路５００に接続される。さらに、電力変換器２００、界磁回路４００、信号処理回路５００を制御する制御回路６００を有する。
【００３１】
図１１は図１０のＣ−Ｃ断面を示したものであり、積層コア１２２は円環状電磁鋼板を積層したもので、軸方向磁石挿入穴１２６が周方向に等間隔で設けられ、周方向に着磁された磁石１２８が隣り合う磁極が同極となるように挿入されている。また隣り合う２つの磁石挿入穴１２６の周方向中央部内径側に軸方向に設けられた溝１２７が設けらている。
【００３２】
鉄心コア１２１ｃおよび１２１ｄはその中心軸より径方向に放射状に伸びた極部１２３ｃおよび１２３ｄを有し、それぞれの極部が対向しないように交互に配置されている。なお、図１２は図１０のＤ矢視図である。
鉄心コア１２１ｃおよび１２１ｄの外径側には積層コア１２２が圧入される。このとき溝１２７と極部１２３ｃおよび１２３ｄが噛み合うことで積層コア１２２の鉄心コア１２１ｃおよび１２１ｄに対する周方向への回動を防止することが可能となる。
【００３３】
そして、ロータ１２０外周はロータ１２０に挿入された磁石１２８により、Ｎ磁極，Ｓ磁極の各磁極を構成しているが、Ｎ磁極の磁束はＮ磁極側溝１２７と噛み合う極部１２３ｃ、鉄心コア１２１ｃ、鉄心ボビン１３０、鉄心コア１２１ｄ、Ｓ磁極側溝１２７と噛み合う極部１２３ｄを通ってＳ磁極に短絡している。これにより、ステータ１１０側への有効磁束を分流、短絡し減少させている。
【００３４】
なお、第２の実施例において磁石の磁束をロータ内にて短絡する原理、有効磁路に有効磁束を発生する原理および基本効果については第１の実施例と同様である。
以上説明した様に本発明によれば、埋込み磁石形回転子の中に有効磁束をコントロール可能な界磁巻線を設けることにより、回転機の全回転数領域において効率最大となる制御が可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明の第１実施例に係わる回転機の縦断面図である。
【図２】 第１実施例に係わる回転機の横断面図である。
【図３】図２におけるＢ矢視図である。
【図４】回転機の磁気回路を説明する回路図である。
【図５】各部の磁界を表わすための特性図である。
【図６】Ｂ−Ｈカーブを表わす特性図である。
【図７】 従来の永久磁石形回転機の効率マップを表わす特性図である。
【図８】本発明の回転機の効率マップを表わす特性図である。
【図９】従来の永久磁石形回転機におけるトルク−回転数の関係を表わす特性図である。
【図１０】本発明の第２実施例に係わる回転機の横断面である。
【図１１】第２実施例に係わる回転機の縦断面図である。
【図１２】図１０におけるＤ矢視図である。
【符号の説明】
１００ 回転機
１１０ ステータ
１２０ ロータ
１２１ 回転子コア
１２２ 積層コア
１２３ 極部
１２４ 界磁巻線
１２６ 磁石挿入穴
１２８ 磁石[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention, in a synchronous rotating machine having a permanent magnet rotor, a field winding capable of adjusting the amount of flux linkage to the stator of the permanent magnet rotor is provided in the rotor, and the amount of flux linkage and the energization current to the stator are determined. The synchronous rotating machine with a permanent magnet, which can drive a synchronous rotating machine with high efficiency by controlling simultaneously, can be used mainly as a rotating machine for an electric vehicle with a wide operating speed range.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Usually, the torque generated by the motor is determined by the magnetic flux generated from the rotor to the stator and the current flowing in the stator winding. In the case of a permanent magnet type synchronous rotating machine, the rotor magnetic flux is made of a permanent magnet, and the magnetic flux is determined by the permanent magnet and the magnetic circuit dimensions. The current that flows in the stator winding flows at a low speed by dividing the voltage applied to the stator winding by the stator winding resistance according to Ohm's law, but when the rotational speed increases, a reaction-induced voltage is applied to the winding by the rotor magnetic flux. Since it is generated in a direction that cancels the applied voltage, the current flowing through the stator winding is reduced. As a result, the number of revolutions that can be driven as a motor is the number of revolutions until the back electromotive voltage is less than or equal to the applied voltage. (Fig. 9)
Therefore, in general, the motor can be driven up to a high rotation speed range by flowing a current that cancels the rotor magnetic flux through the stator winding and suppressing the generation of the reaction induced voltage. However, the current flowing in the stator winding at this time is not only the torque current Iq for torque generation but also the field weakening current Id (Iq and Id for canceling the magnetic flux is the amount of current flowing in the stator winding and the rotor current Can be set according to the phase with respect to the magnetic pole position). Therefore, it is necessary to flow a wasteful current such as canceling the magnetic flux of the magnet in the high rotation speed range, and this amount of copper loss reduces the efficiency. Therefore, the efficiency map in the TN curve of the motor increases the rotation speed. At the same time, it drops rapidly. Further, since the magnetic flux canceling current becomes a reaction magnetic field applied to the permanent magnet, it is necessary to pay attention to irreversible demagnetization at high temperatures. To prevent this, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the permanent magnet and increase the amount of expensive magnets.
[0003]
In addition, one of the problems when applying a permanent magnet synchronous rotating machine to a traveling motor for an electric vehicle is that when the rotating machine is turned from a tire when descending a hill, the rotating machine induced voltage is connected to the power It is necessary to set so as to be lower than the withstand voltage of the transducer element. As a result, the degree of freedom in designing the rotating machine is reduced, and therefore a rotating machine or power converter having a larger physique than necessary is required.
[0004]
Further, when the permanent magnet type synchronous rotating machine is used as a generator, the adjustment of the amount of power generation needs to be controlled by the reaction magnetomotive force from the stator winding. In this case, since the uncontrolled state is the maximum output, which is a safety issue, the permanent magnet synchronous rotating machine is not generally used as a generator. In addition, a reaction magnetic field is always applied to the permanent magnet as a demagnetizing field, and irreversible demagnetization is likely to occur.
[0005]
As a means for solving the above problem, there has been proposed a hybrid excitation type permanent magnet type synchronous rotating machine as seen in JP-A-6-351206. This is because a rotor with a permanent magnet and an iron core is excited by direct current excitation from the stator side, and the iron core is excited to the N or S pole, thereby changing the direction of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet on the stator. The amount of induced voltage is controlled by adjusting the amount interlinked with the wire.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in this method, the magnetic flux in the stator is linked in the direction penetrating the electromagnetic steel sheet, and the iron loss is increased.
Therefore, the present invention was made to solve these problems. A field winding is provided on the rotor side of the permanent magnet synchronous rotating machine, and the magnetic flux from the rotor to the stator is adjusted by the permanent magnet. It is an object of the present invention to provide a synchronous rotating machine that can be used.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention employs the following means.
According to the configuration of the first aspect, the third rotor core made of a magnetic material and covering the space between the protruding portions of the first rotor core and the second rotor core has the N pole and the S pole. By providing a magnet provided to supply magnetic flux from the surface of the magnetic pole to the stator, the protrusion of the first rotor core and the protrusion of the second rotor core are expanded in the outer diameter direction. Assembling is facilitated by holding the magnet with the third rotor core while suppressing the strength of the centrifugal force by suppressing with the third rotor core.
[0008]
Also, by adjusting the amount of current to the field winding, the amount of magnetic flux from the magnet to the stator is increased or decreased. For example, when operating as a generator, the amount of magnetic flux to the stator can be controlled. High-efficiency power generation output adjustment can be easily realized. On the other hand, when the motor is driven, the required amount of input current to the stator winding is increased by increasing the amount of magnetic flux in the low speed range and decreasing the magnetic flux in the high speed range. Can be suppressed. As a result, the efficiency of the rotating machine is improved and a smaller power converter can be used.
[0009]
According to the structure of Claim 2 and Claim 3, a magnet can be hold | maintained reliably by providing a some axial hole in a 3rd rotor core.
According to the configuration of the fourth aspect, the third rotor core is an annular core provided on the outer periphery of the first rotor core and the second rotor core, so that the third rotation is performed. The child core can be easily fixed to the first rotor core and the second rotor core.
[0010]
According to the configuration described in claim 5, the third rotor core includes a plurality of concave grooves extending on the inner diameter side and extending in the axial direction, and protrusions of the first and second rotor cores. Can be fixed by bonding.
According to the configuration described in claim 6, the first and second rotor cores are iron ingots, and the third rotor core is a thin laminated body made of a magnetic material, so that the influence of an alternating magnetic field is exerted. Can be suppressed.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
1, 2 and 3 show a first embodiment of the present invention.
The rotating machine 100 is provided in a space surrounded by a stator 110 corresponding to a stator inside the front frame 190 and the end frame 191 and the front frame 190 and the end frame 191, and an air gap is provided inside the stator 110. And a rotor 120 corresponding to a rotor that is rotatably provided.
[0012]
The stator 110 is composed of a three-phase coil 111 that generates a rotating magnetic field and a stator core 112 in which electromagnetic steel plates are laminated.
The rotor 120 includes iron cores 121a and 121b, a laminated core 122 formed by laminating electromagnetic steel plates, poles (projections) 123a and 123b extending radially from the iron cores 121a and 121b, and iron cores 121a and 121b. The wound field winding 124 and the shaft 125 into which the iron cores 121a and 121b are press-fitted are provided. Here, the iron core core 121a and the pole portion 123a constitute a first rotor core, and the iron core core 121b and the pole portion 123b constitute a second rotor core, and the annular laminated core 122 is a third rotor. It constitutes the core.
[0013]
The shaft 125 has a spline 126 on the front end side and a slip ring 132 on the rear end side. The slip ring 132 has a lead portion provided inside the shaft 125 via an insulating portion 133 such as a resin mold. It is connected to the field winding 124 via 134. A brush 131 is slidably provided on the slip ring 132 by a brush holder 130. The shaft 125 is rotatably supported by bearings 192 and 193 provided on the front frame 190 and the end frame 191.
[0014]
Reference numeral 194 denotes a rotational position sensor that detects the rotational position of the rotor 120. The three-phase coil 111 of the rotating machine 100 is connected to the power converter 200, and the power converter 200 is connected to the battery 300. The brush 131 is connected to the field circuit 400, and the rotational position sensor 194 is connected to the signal processing circuit 500. Furthermore, it has a control circuit 600 for controlling the power converter 200, the field circuit 400, and the signal processing circuit 500.
[0015]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 2. A laminated core 122 is formed by laminating annular electromagnetic steel plates, and axial magnet insertion holes 126 are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The magnetized magnet 128 is inserted so that the adjacent magnetic poles have the same polarity. In addition, a groove 127 provided in the axial direction is provided on the inner diameter side in the circumferential center of two adjacent magnet insertion holes 126.
[0016]
The iron cores 121a and 121b have pole portions 123a and 123b extending radially from the central axis in a radial direction, and are alternately arranged so that the respective pole portions do not face each other. 3 is a view taken in the direction of arrow B in FIG.
A laminated core 122 is press-fitted on the outer diameter side of the iron cores 121a and 121b. At this time, the groove 127 and the pole portions 123a and 123b mesh with each other, thereby preventing the laminated core 122 from rotating in the circumferential direction with respect to the iron cores 121a and 121b.
[0017]
The outer periphery of the rotor 120 is composed of N magnetic poles and S magnetic poles by magnets 128 inserted into the rotor 120. The magnetic flux of the N magnetic poles is a pole portion 123a meshing with the N magnetic pole side groove 127, an iron core 121a, Short-circuited to the S magnetic pole through the core 123b and the pole portion 123b that meshes with the S magnetic pole side groove 127. As a result, the effective magnetic flux to the stator 110 side is shunted, shorted, and reduced.
[0018]
The magnetic circuit of the magnetic circuit block is shown in FIG. When the stator side magnetic resistance Rs, air gap magnetic resistance Rg, magnet part magnetic resistance Rm, short circuit part magnetic resistance Rr, magnet magnetomotive force Fm, field winding magnetomotive force Fc, the effective magnetic flux amount Φ1 flowing to the stator side is It can be expressed by a formula.
[0019]
[Expression 1]

The effective magnetic flux amount Φ1 can be arbitrarily set by setting each parameter. For example, when no current is passed through the field winding (Fc = 0),
Φ10 = RrFm / (RrRm + Rm (Rg + Rs) + (Rg + Rs) Rr)
Thus, when the short-circuit magnetic resistance Rr is small, Φ10≈0. The short-circuit portion magnetic resistance Rr is determined by the magnetic resistance of the laminated core 122, the iron core 121, the annular portion, the pole portion 123, and the joint portion of each member. The effective magnetic flux amount Φ10 when no current flows through the magnetic winding 124 can be adjusted. Here, the magnetic flux density is set to 1 T or less so that the magnetic path from the rotor 120 to the stator 110 can be used in the BH curve linear region of the constituent magnetic body. When the field winding is energized, the magnetic flux Φ1c corresponding to the field winding magnetomotive force Fc
[0020]
[Expression 2]
Φ1c = RmFc / (RrRm + Rm (Rg + Rs) + (Rg + Rs) Rr)
And the effective magnetic flux amount Φ11 is
[Equation 3]
Φ1 = Φ10 + Φ1c
Thus, the effective magnetic flux amount can be adjusted by the field winding energization current.
Next, the case where the rotating machine of the present invention is applied to a motor having a wide operating rotational speed range such as a traveling motor for an electric vehicle will be described.
[0022]
In the motor low speed range where field-weakening control is not required, the energization current to the field winding is increased and the amount of applied magnetic flux Φ1 is increased. Since the motor generated torque is proportional to the acting magnetic flux amount Φ1 and the torque current, it is possible to reduce the torque current flowing through the stator winding by increasing the acting magnetic flux amount Φ1. Also, in the high speed range where field control is required to weaken the motor drive because the reaction induced voltage exceeds the applied voltage, the current flowing through the field winding is made zero and only the magnetic flux Φ10 is used to determine the torque current. It is possible to reduce another field weakening current that is not originally required. Thereby, since the stator maximum current can be reduced, the heat generation of the winding portion is suppressed, and the rotating machine can be downsized. In addition, since the current capacity of the power converter can be reduced, it is possible to reduce the size and cost of the power converter. Furthermore, since the copper loss of the field winding portion is small compared to the copper loss of the stator winding, the control method for performing field weakening in the field winding portion as in the present invention can be performed only from the stator winding. Since the copper loss is small compared with the control method of a conventional permanent magnet type rotating machine that performs field weakening, the efficiency is good.
[0023]
In general, since the stator windings are concentrated in slots, even if a sinusoidal current without distortion flows in the stator windings, the air gap between the stator inner periphery and the rotor outer periphery can be seen at a certain moment. The generated field (stator field) from the stator side to the rotor side of the rotor is spatially stepped with respect to the circumferential position of the stator. For example, when a rotor magnetic field having a spatially sinusoidal distribution is canceled by this stepped magnetic field, even if it is canceled at the fundamental wave level corresponding to the wavelength of the rotor magnetic field, the harmonic magnetic field of the difference remains, which is the air gap, stator core, and The harmonic magnetic flux alternates with the rotor core (FIG. 5). Since the harmonic magnetic flux has a high frequency, it is not preferable because it significantly increases the stator iron loss and the rotor surface iron loss. In contrast, in the present invention, since the magnetomotive force from the rotor is directly reduced, the field weakening current of the stator winding may be slightly or zero (however, a current corresponding to the torque current flows in the stator winding). Therefore, the generation of harmonic magnetic flux is suppressed, and the iron loss generated on the stator and rotor surfaces can be minimized.
[0024]
The reason why the effective magnetic flux amount Φ10 when the field winding magnetomotive force Fc = 0 is set in the linear region of the BH curve of the magnetic characteristics of the components in the effective magnetic path is that the reaction induced voltage due to the effective magnetic flux amount Φ10 is This is because when it is necessary to drive the motor in a high rotation speed range that is equal to or higher than the applied voltage, the stator current required for field weakening from the stator can be minimized. Referring to FIG. 6, in the case where the effective magnetic flux is decreased from Φ1 to Φ2 by the stator magnetic field, if the required AT when the BH curve is linear is ATa and the required AT when it is nonlinear is ATb, then ATa <ATb Thus, when the number of turns of the stator winding is the same, the difference is the difference of the stator winding current.
[0025]
Efficiency map in TN curve when operating a conventional permanent magnet type rotating machine as a motor FIG. 7 shows an efficiency map in a TN curve when the rotating machine of the present invention is driven by the above control method. As shown in FIG. 8, the maximum efficiency range on the efficiency map is expanded.
When the rotating machine of the present invention is used as a vehicular generator, if Φ10 is set to the level of a vehicular service load and the field winding is energized only when a higher output is required, the field winding Copper loss in the magnetic winding can be reduced, and highly efficient power generation is possible.
[0026]
Conventionally, salient pole type synchronous machines and claw pole type synchronous machines are known as synchronous rotating machines that can control the field from the rotor. Both of them obtain an effective magnetic flux only by the field winding, and the resistance loss in the field winding becomes larger than the present invention in which the necessary minimum is supplemented by the field winding.
In addition, for the claw pole type synchronous machine, the rotor magnetic pole surface is composed of laminated magnetic steel sheets, and therefore iron loss on the rotor magnetic pole surface can be suppressed.
[0027]
10, 11 and 12 show a second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, brushes and slip rings are eliminated from the first embodiment.
The rotating machine 100 is provided in a space surrounded by a stator 110 corresponding to a stator inside the front frame 190 and the end frame 191 and the front frame 190 and the end frame 191, and an air gap is provided inside the stator 110. And a rotor 120 corresponding to a rotor that is rotatably provided.
[0028]
The stator 110 is composed of a three-phase coil 111 that generates a rotating magnetic field and a stator core 112 in which electromagnetic steel plates are laminated.
The rotor 120 includes iron cores 121c and 121d, a laminated core 122 formed by laminating electromagnetic steel plates, pole portions (projections) 123c and 123d extending radially from the iron cores 121c and 121d, and the iron cores 121c and 121d. It has an iron core bobbin 130 disposed through an air gap, a field winding 124 wound around the iron core bobbin 130, and a shaft 125 into which an iron core 121c is press-fitted. Here, the iron core core 121c and the pole portion 123c constitute a first rotor core, and the iron core core 121d and the pole portion 123d constitute a second rotor core, and the annular laminated core 122 is a third rotor. It constitutes the core.
[0029]
Here, the second rotor core is brazed and fixed to the first rotor core by a nonmagnetic ring 129. Accordingly, the second rotor core is coupled to the first rotor core on the outer diameter side by the third rotor core and on the inner diameter side by the nonmagnetic ring 129.
The shaft 125 has a spline 126 on the front end side, and the shaft 125 is rotatably supported by bearings 192 and 193 provided on the front frame 190 and the end frame 191.
[0030]
Reference numeral 194 denotes a rotational position sensor that detects the rotational position of the rotor 120. The three-phase coil 111 of the rotating machine 100 is connected to the power converter 200, and the power converter 200 is connected to the battery 300. The field winding 124 is connected to the field circuit 400, and the rotational position sensor 194 is connected to the signal processing circuit 500. Furthermore, it has a control circuit 600 for controlling the power converter 200, the field circuit 400, and the signal processing circuit 500.
[0031]
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-C of FIG. 10, and the laminated core 122 is formed by laminating annular electromagnetic steel plates, and axial magnet insertion holes 126 are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The magnetized magnet 128 is inserted so that the adjacent magnetic poles have the same polarity. In addition, a groove 127 provided in the axial direction is provided on the inner diameter side in the circumferential center of two adjacent magnet insertion holes 126.
[0032]
The iron cores 121c and 121d have pole portions 123c and 123d extending radially from the central axis in a radial direction, and are alternately arranged so that the respective pole portions do not face each other. 12 is a view taken in the direction of arrow D in FIG.
A laminated core 122 is press-fitted on the outer diameter side of the iron cores 121c and 121d. At this time, the groove 127 and the pole portions 123c and 123d mesh with each other, so that the laminated core 122 can be prevented from rotating in the circumferential direction with respect to the iron cores 121c and 121d.
[0033]
The outer periphery of the rotor 120 constitutes the magnetic poles of the N magnetic pole and the S magnetic pole by the magnet 128 inserted into the rotor 120. The magnetic flux of the N magnetic pole is the pole portion 123c meshing with the N magnetic pole side groove 127, the iron core 121c, It is short-circuited to the S magnetic pole through the pole portion 123d that meshes with the iron core bobbin 130, the iron core core 121d, and the S magnetic pole side groove 127. As a result, the effective magnetic flux to the stator 110 side is shunted, shorted, and reduced.
[0034]
In the second embodiment, the principle of short-circuiting the magnetic flux of the magnet in the rotor, the principle of generating an effective magnetic flux in the effective magnetic path, and the basic effect are the same as in the first embodiment.
As described above, according to the present invention, by providing the field winding capable of controlling the effective magnetic flux in the embedded magnet type rotor, it becomes possible to perform the control that maximizes the efficiency in the entire rotational speed region of the rotating machine. Become.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a rotating machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the rotating machine according to the first embodiment.
3 is a view taken in the direction of arrow B in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating a magnetic circuit of a rotating machine.
FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram for representing the magnetic field of each part.
FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing a BH curve.
FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing an efficiency map of a conventional permanent magnet type rotating machine.
FIG. 8 is a characteristic diagram showing an efficiency map of the rotating machine of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between torque and rotational speed in a conventional permanent magnet type rotating machine.
FIG. 10 is a cross section of a rotating machine according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of a rotating machine according to a second embodiment.
12 is a view on arrow D in FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Rotating machine 110 Stator 120 Rotor 121 Rotor core 122 Laminated core 123 Pole part 124 Field winding 126 Magnet insertion hole 128 Magnet

Claims (7)

A stator on which a stator winding is wound;
A first rotor core made of a magnetic material and having a plurality of protrusions extending radially outward;
It is made of a magnetic material, has the same number of protrusions as the first rotor core extending toward the outer peripheral side in the radial direction, and is arranged so that the protrusions are alternately arranged with respect to the first rotor core. A second rotor core;
A third rotor core made of a magnetic material, covering a space between the protrusions of the first rotor core and the second rotor core, and having a plurality of axial holes ;
A magnet inserted into the hole of the third rotor core and provided to supply magnetic flux to the stator from the surface of the N-pole and S-pole magnetic poles;
A field winding wound around a common rotation axis between the first rotor core and the second rotor core between the first rotor core and the second rotor core. Prepared,
The first rotor core and the second rotor core magnetize the N pole and S pole of the third rotor core on the inner diameter side of the first rotor core and the second rotor core. Short circuit,
A permanent magnet combined synchronous rotating machine characterized in that the field winding controls the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the first rotor core and the second rotor core. A stator on which a stator winding is wound;
A first rotor core made of a magnetic material and having a plurality of protrusions extending radially outward;
It is made of a magnetic material, has the same number of protrusions as the first rotor core extending toward the outer peripheral side in the radial direction, and is arranged so that the protrusions are alternately arranged with respect to the first rotor core. A second rotor core;
A third rotor core made of a magnetic material, covering a space between the protrusions of the first rotor core and the second rotor core, and having a plurality of axial holes ;
A magnet inserted into the hole of the third rotor core and provided to supply magnetic flux to the stator from the surface of the N-pole and S-pole magnetic poles;
A non-rotatable iron core bobbin magnetically coupled to the first rotor core and the second rotor core via an air gap;
A field winding wound around the iron core bobbin,
In the first rotor core and the second rotor core, the N pole and the S pole of the third rotor core are on the inner diameter side of the first rotor core and the second rotor core, Magnetically shorting through the iron core bobbin,
A permanent magnet combined synchronous rotating machine characterized in that the field winding controls the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the first rotor core and the second rotor core. The first rotor core and the second rotor core have a shaft that rotatably supports the first rotor core and the second rotor core, and the third rotor. The core hole is a rectangular hole extending radially from the axis of the shaft,
The magnetic pole of the third rotor is formed between the holes,
A connecting portion for connecting the magnetic poles provided on the outer diameter side and the inner diameter side of the rectangular hole;
Along the direction of the magnetization in the circumferential direction of the third rotor core, and claim 1 or claim mutually opposite of said magnet adjacent poles, characterized in that it is inserted so that the same poles 2 The synchronous rotating machine with a permanent magnet described in 1. The said 3rd rotor core is an annular core provided in the outer periphery of the said 1st rotor core and the said 2nd rotor core, The Claim 1 thru | or 3 characterized by the above-mentioned. The synchronous rotating machine with a permanent magnet according to item 1. The third rotor core has a plurality of concave grooves extending in the axial direction on the inner diameter side,
The first rotor core, the second rotor core, and the third rotor core by coupling the protrusions of the first rotor core and the second rotor core and the concave grooves. The permanent magnet combined synchronous rotating machine according to claim 4 , wherein: The first rotor core and the second rotor core is iron ingot, the third rotor core according to claim 1 to claim characterized in that it is a laminate of a thin plate made of a magnetic substance The synchronous rotating machine with a permanent magnet according to any one of 5 . The synchronous rotating machine with a permanent magnet according to claim 2 , wherein the second rotor core is coaxially fixed to the first rotor core via a non-magnetic ring.

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