JP3832472B2 - Hybrid car - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a hybrid vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine and an electric motor (motor), and in particular, generates power with a power generator by the power of the internal combustion engine and drives the motor with the power of the power generator to drive the vehicle. It is suitably used for a series type hybrid vehicle.

In recent years, electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles have been developed to improve the exhaustion of fuel resources such as gasoline and the deterioration of the environment due to exhaust gas from internal combustion engines.
In either case, when a normal normal conducting motor is used as the motor, there is a problem that copper loss occurs due to electric resistance, resulting in low efficiency, and a high current is difficult because of a limited energization current.
Therefore, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-6907, if a superconducting motor is employed, copper loss in the superconducting coil is eliminated and high efficiency is achieved, and the motor itself can be reduced in size and output. it can.

However, a series-type hybrid vehicle requires a generator with the same output as the motor. If this generator is of a conventional type, a large generator is required to obtain an output commensurate with the superconducting motor.
JP-A-6-6907

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and can reduce the size of a generator that supplies electric power to a superconducting motor, generate large-capacity electric power with the reduced electric generator, and supply electric power to the superconducting motor. The challenge is to make it.

In order to solve the above problems, as a first invention, in a hybrid vehicle that drives a vehicle by combining an internal combustion engine and an electric motor,
A superconducting motor is used as the electric motor, a superconducting generator is used as a generator for supplying electric power to the superconducting motor, the internal combustion engine is connected to the superconducting generator, and the superelectric generator is connected to the internal combustion engine. Running and generating electricity ,
The super-electric motor and the super-electric generator have a cooling unit and a cooling unit for the refrigerant to be supplied to the cooling unit.
There is provided a hybrid vehicle characterized in that the refrigerant is operated by operating the cooler with the electric power generated by the superconducting generator or the electric power supplied from the battery storing the surplus electric power of the electric power . .
According to the first aspect of the invention, the super electric motor and the super motor generator use a refrigerant cooler to be supplied to the cooling unit as electric power generated from the electric power generated by the superconducting electric generator or from the battery storing the surplus electric power. It is characterized by operating the cooler to cool the refrigerant.
As the refrigerant, liquid hydrogen, liquid nitrogen, or the like is preferably used. However, when liquid hydrogen is not used as the fuel for the internal combustion engine, it is preferable to use inexpensive liquid nitrogen, and a high-temperature superconducting wire ( If a bismuth system) is used, the superconducting wire can be sufficiently brought into a superconducting state even at a liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K or less).

As the superconducting generator, a generator using a superconducting wire as a rotor field winding and a normal conducting wire as a stator armature winding, or a rotor field winding and stator All the armature windings are generators using superconducting wires.
If the generator mounted on the vehicle is a superconducting generator, a strong rotating magnetic field is generated by the superconducting wire, and a large amount of electric power can be generated. Therefore, the electric power required for the superconducting motor can be supplied without increasing the size of the generator.

The superconducting motor has the same configuration as the superconducting generator, and uses a superconducting coil for both the stator and the rotor, or the rotor uses a superconducting field coil and the stator uses a normal conducting coil. It has a configuration that was.
When a superconducting motor is used, a higher torque can be realized as compared with a conventional motor, and smooth acceleration can be achieved when the vehicle starts or travels on a slope. Further, since a high torque can be obtained, it is possible to reduce the weight and cost of the vehicle by eliminating the need for a reduction gear. In addition, by using a superconducting motor, copper loss does not occur in the rotation of the motor, so that environmental load is low and power can be obtained efficiently.

The hybrid vehicle of the present invention is preferably a series hybrid vehicle in which the internal combustion engine is used for driving a superconducting generator, and the superconducting motor for driving the vehicle is driven by electric power generated by the superconducting generator. .
In the case of the series type, the superconducting motor is driven by the electric power from the superconducting generator by the internal combustion engine. Therefore, the internal combustion engine is operated in the most efficient rotation range to generate electric power in the superconducting generator. Can be stored. Therefore, the internal combustion engine can be stopped when the power supplied from the battery to the superconducting motor is sufficient.
Although the power supply circuit configuration is complicated, it can also be applied to a parallel hybrid vehicle and a series parallel hybrid vehicle.

Further, it is preferable that the super electric motor is used as a generator, the regenerative electric power obtained by the super electric motor and surplus electric power generated are stored in a battery and supplied to the super electric motor.
The regenerative power can be obtained as regenerative energy by using a superconducting motor as a generator during brake operation. The battery may be charged by operating a superconducting motor using an external power source when the vehicle is stopped at night, or by operating a superconducting generator with an internal combustion engine and using the generated power It may operate and generate electricity.
Since a high output is required at the time of departure or acceleration of the vehicle, it is necessary to supply electric power larger than usual to the superconducting motor. If this power supply is all supplemented by the superconducting generator, the superconducting generator will increase in size. Therefore, as the above-described configuration, by supplying electric power from the battery at the time of high output, it is not necessary to supply all the electric power required at the time of high output from the superconducting generator, and the superconducting generator can be miniaturized.

As fuel for the internal combustion engine, gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), compressed natural gas (CNG), dimethyl ether (DME) and / or hydrogen are used.
Since gasoline and diesel are widely used, they can be easily obtained at low cost. However, LPG, CNG, and DME are preferably used as alternative fuels because of the small amount of PM generated due to problems such as exhaust gas. Further, for example, gasoline and hydrogen may be used together as engine fuel, and may be switched by a switch and supplied to the engine.

Further, hydrogen that hardly generates harmful exhaust gas is also preferably used as an engine fuel, and can also be used as a refrigerant for the liquid hydrogen superconducting generator and superconducting motor.
Therefore, as another invention, in a hybrid vehicle that drives a vehicle by combining an internal combustion engine and an electric motor,
A superconducting motor is used as the electric motor, a superconducting generator is used as a generator for supplying electric power to the superconducting motor, the internal combustion engine is connected to the superconducting generator, and the superelectric generator is connected to the internal combustion engine. Running and generating electricity,
Provided is a hybrid vehicle characterized in that liquid hydrogen is used as a fuel for the internal combustion engine, and a part of the liquid hydrogen is supplied as a refrigerant to a cooling unit provided in the superconducting motor and the superconducting generator. ing.
The superconducting wire used for the superconducting generator and the superconducting motor needs to be cooled to a temperature at which it becomes a superconducting state (for example, referred to as “superconducting temperature” at 77 Kelvin). When the liquid hydrogen is used for this cooling, the superconducting wire can be cooled below the superconducting temperature.
In particular, in the case of liquid hydrogen, the liquid hydrogen vaporized by cooling the superconducting motor and the superconducting generator can be used as the fuel for the internal combustion engine. That is, in the case of liquid hydrogen, the superconducting motor and the superconducting generator can be cooled. It can be used as a fuel for an internal combustion engine.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a hybrid vehicle that drives a vehicle by combining an internal combustion engine and an electric motor.
A superconducting motor is used as the electric motor, a superconducting generator is used as a generator for supplying electric power to the superconducting motor, the internal combustion engine is connected to the superconducting generator, and the superelectric generator is connected to the internal combustion engine. Running and generating electricity,
The hybrid vehicle is characterized in that the superconducting generator and the superconducting motor are arranged adjacent to each other and can be cooled by a single continuous cooling device.
Specifically, for example, a refrigerant supply pipe provided with a branch pipe at the tip is disposed between the superconducting generator and the superconducting motor, and the branch pipe is a hollow portion of the rotating shaft of the superconducting generator and the superconducting motor. The refrigerant is supplied to both the rotary shaft hollow portions by connecting to the above.
The superconducting generator and the superconducting motor may be surrounded by a single refrigerant circulation jacket.

  Further, a Peltier element may be attached to the outer surface of the refrigerant supply pipe to cool the refrigerant. In this case, the cooling mechanism can be simplified.

As described above, according to the present invention, in a vehicle equipped with a superconducting motor for driving a vehicle, the power generated by the superconducting generator is supplied to the superconducting motor, so that the generator is not enlarged. The large electric power required for the superconducting motor can be supplied.
In addition, when liquid hydrogen is used as a fuel for an internal combustion engine that moves the superconducting generator, the liquid hydrogen can be used as a refrigerant between the superconducting motor and the superconducting generator, and the liquid hydrogen used as the refrigerant is vaporized. Since it can be used as a fuel for an internal combustion engine in a state, an efficient configuration can be obtained.
In particular, when a superconducting motor and a superconducting generator that need to be cooled to an ultra-low superconducting temperature are arranged adjacent to each other and can be cooled by a single cooling device, the cooling mechanism can be prevented from becoming complicated and large. .

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 to 3 show a vehicle drive system 10 for a series hybrid vehicle according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

  In the vehicle drive system 10, a superconducting motor 20 for driving wheels, a superconducting power generator 30 that supplies power to the superconducting motor 20, and an internal combustion engine 40 (hereinafter referred to as an engine 40) that is connected to the superconducting power generator 30 and generates power. And a gasoline tank 41 that stores gasoline serving as fuel for the engine 40, and the vehicle is driven by rotating the front wheel rotation drive shaft 45 with the power generated by the superconducting motor 20.

As shown in FIG. 2, the superconducting power generator 30 has a rotor shaft 34 disposed inside a housing 32 of a rotor 31 via a vacuum heat insulating layer 33, and the rotor shaft 34 is fixed to the housing 32. . A superconducting field winding 35 made of a superconducting wire is attached to the outer periphery of the rotor shaft 34. A coolant channel 34a is provided in the hollow portion of the rotor shaft 34, and the coolant Q1 is introduced into the coolant channel 34a through the hollow coolant channel 36a of the main shaft 36-1 projecting from one end side of the housing 32. The superconducting field winding 35 is cooled to the superconducting temperature. The superconducting field winding 32 is connected through a brush 38 attached to the main shaft 36-1.
A main shaft 36-2 projecting from the other end surface of the housing 32 is connected to an output shaft of the engine 40 to rotate the housing 32.
On the other hand, an armature winding 39 made of a normal conducting wire is attached to the inner peripheral surface of a housing 38 made of a magnetic shield material on the stator 37 of the superconducting generator 30.
As described above, the superconducting generator 30 is a generator that is driven by the output of the engine 40. The generator uses the superconducting field winding 35 as a rotor to increase the amount of power generation, and the superconducting motor 20 has an armature coil. It is configured to supply a current of about 300 amperes.

The structure of the superconducting motor 20 to which the electric power generated by the superconducting generator 30 is fed is substantially the same as that of the superconducting generator 30 as shown in FIG.
The superconducting motor 20 has a superconducting field winding 22 made of a superconducting wire attached to a rotor 21 and an armature winding 24 made of a normal conducting wire attached to the stator 23, and the superconducting power generation is applied to the armature winding 24. The rotor 21 is rotated by supplying power from the machine 30 and generating a rotating magnetic field with the superconducting field winding 22. The vehicle is driven by rotating the rotational drive shaft 45 of the front wheels with the power generated by this rotation.
A coolant channel 21a is also provided in the hollow portion of the rotor 21 to circulate the coolant, thereby cooling the superconducting field winding 22 to the superconducting temperature.

As shown in FIG. 3, the superconducting generator 30 and the superconducting motor 20 are arranged adjacent to each other, and a cooling device 50 for supplying refrigerant is interposed therebetween.
That is, the refrigerant supply main pipe 53 is connected to the tip of the cold head 52 to which the refrigerant Q1 is supplied from the cooler 51, and both side branch pipes 54a and 54b are connected to the lower end of the refrigerant supply main pipe 53. , 54b are communicated with the internal refrigerant flow path of the rotor of the superconducting generator 30 and the superconducting motor 20 to supply the refrigerant.
As the refrigerant, liquid hydrogen, liquid nitrogen, liquid helium, or the like is used, and the superconducting wire is cooled to an extremely low superconducting temperature of about 77 Kelvin.

As shown in FIG. 1, the superconducting motor 20 is connected to a battery 44, the regenerative energy generated by the superconducting motor 20 is stored in the battery 44, and the stored power is required when a high output is required, such as when starting or accelerating. It is supplied to the superconducting motor 20 and used for auxiliary purposes.
That is, the superconducting motor 20 is also used as a generator, and regenerative power generated from the superconducting motor 20 during braking is stored. Alternatively, the electric power generated by rotating the superconducting motor 20 by driving the superconducting generator 30 by the engine 40 is stored in the battery 44 in advance. In addition, the battery 44 may be charged by connecting to an external power source during nighttime stoppage.

  In addition, the cooler 51 is connected to the superconducting generator 30 to operate the cooler 51, and the refrigerant evaporated by cooling the superconducting motor 20 and the superconducting generator 30 is cooled again by the cooler 51 and liquefied. . The cooler 51 may be connected to the battery 44, and the power from the battery 44 may be used as auxiliary power for cooling.

With the above configuration, since the superconducting generator 30 is used as a generator, the superconducting field winding 32 of the rotor 31 can generate a strong magnetic field to increase the amount of power generation, and a superconducting motor is required. Can supply a large amount of power.
In addition, since the superconducting generator 30 and the superconducting motor 20 are arranged adjacent to each other and the refrigerant can be supplied simultaneously from one cooling device 50, it is not necessary to provide cooling devices for the superconducting generator 30 and the superconducting motor 20, respectively. The mechanism can be simplified, and as a result, the vehicle weight can be reduced.

In the present embodiment, gasoline is used as the fuel of the internal combustion engine 40, but diesel, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), compressed natural gas (CNG), high-pressure hydrogen or dimethyl ether (DME) may be used.
Further, in the present embodiment, a series type hybrid vehicle is used, but a parallel type or series / parallel type hybrid vehicle using both wheel driving by an internal combustion engine and wheel driving by a superconducting motor may be used.

4 and 5 show a second embodiment of the present invention, which is a hydrogen engine using liquid hydrogen as the fuel of the engine 40 '.
The vehicle is equipped with a liquid hydrogen tank 60 that stores liquid hydrogen Q2, and supplies the liquid hydrogen Q2 to the engine 40 'to drive the engine 40'. The configuration in which the superconducting generator 30 is driven by the output of the engine 40 'to generate electric power, the electric power generated by the superconducting generator 30 is fed to the superconducting motor 20, and the superconducting motor 20 is rotationally driven is the first embodiment. It is the same.

  Cooling of the superconducting generator 30 and the superconducting motor 20 is performed using liquid hydrogen Q2 serving as engine fuel, and the liquid hydrogen 60 is supplied from the liquid hydrogen tank 60 through the pipe 61 as in the first embodiment. The superconducting wires of the superconducting power generator 30 and the superconducting motor 20 are connected to the superconducting generator 30 and the superconducting motor 20 through the branch pipes 54a and 54b from the refrigerant supply main pipe 53 through the cooler 51 '. Cooling below temperature.

The cooler 51 ′ employs a cooling method using a Peltier element 62 shown in FIG.
That is, the heat absorbing surface 62a of the Peltier element 62 is brought into contact with and adhered to the outer surface of the refrigerant supply main pipe 53 through which liquid hydrogen is circulated, and the liquid hydrogen Q2 heated when the pipe 61 is circulated is cooled again, thereby superconducting motor. 20 and the superconducting generator 30.
The Peltier element 62 has a structure in which heat transfer elements 62c and 62d made of p-type and n-type semiconductors are arranged in parallel and connected in series to pass current, and ceramic plates 62e and 62f are attached to both sides. The Peltier element 62 is configured to generate a heat absorbing surface 62a and a heat radiating surface 62b due to the Peltier effect when energized, and to cool the liquid hydrogen Q2 in the refrigerant supply main pipe 53 in contact with the heat absorbing surface 62a.

The liquid hydrogen vaporized by cooling the superconducting generator 30 and the superconducting motor 20 is supplied to the hydrogen engine 40 ′ through the pipe 65 and used as engine fuel.
Since other configurations and the power transmission mechanism are the same as those in the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.

With the above configuration, liquid hydrogen can be used as the fuel of the engine 40 and the refrigerant of the superconducting motor 20 and the superconducting generator 30, and it is necessary to separately prepare a refrigerant for cooling the superconducting motor and the superconducting generator. Disappear.
In addition, liquid hydrogen vaporized by cooling the superconducting motor and the superconducting generator can be used as engine fuel. When liquid hydrogen is used as engine fuel, there is almost no harmful exhaust gas, which causes environmental problems. There are few advantages.

  The present invention is suitably used for a hybrid vehicle, and can be used for all devices using a superconducting motor. By using a superconducting generator for power supply to a superconducting motor, the generator is not enlarged. Large electric power required by the superconducting motor can be supplied.

1 is a schematic diagram showing a vehicle drive system for a hybrid vehicle according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing of a superconducting generator. It is drawing which shows the cooling mechanism of a superconducting motor and a superconducting generator. It is the schematic which shows the vehicle drive system of the hybrid vehicle of 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the structure of the cooler of 2nd Embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Vehicle drive system 20 Superconducting motor 30 Superconducting generator 31 Rotor 35 Superconducting field winding 37 Stator 39 Armature winding 40 Engine 44 Battery 50 Cooler 60 Liquid hydrogen tank 62 Peltier device

Claims (8)

In a hybrid vehicle that drives a vehicle by combining an internal combustion engine and an electric motor,
A superconducting motor is used as the electric motor, a superconducting generator is used as a generator for supplying electric power to the superconducting motor, the internal combustion engine is connected to the superconducting generator, and the superelectric generator is connected to the internal combustion engine. Running and generating electricity ,
The super-electric motor and the super-electric generator have a cooling unit and a cooling unit for the refrigerant to be supplied to the cooling unit.
A hybrid vehicle characterized in that the cooling device is operated to cool the refrigerant with the electric power generated by the superconducting generator or the electric power supplied from the battery storing the surplus electric power . In a hybrid vehicle that drives a vehicle by combining an internal combustion engine and an electric motor,
A superconducting motor is used as the electric motor, a superconducting generator is used as a generator for supplying electric power to the superconducting motor, the internal combustion engine is connected to the superconducting generator, and the superelectric generator is connected to the internal combustion engine. Running and generating electricity,
A hybrid vehicle characterized in that the superconducting generator and the superconducting motor are arranged adjacent to each other and can be cooled by one continuous cooling device . The cooling device includes a refrigerant supply pipe provided with a branch pipe at a tip between the superconducting generator and the superconducting motor, and connects the branch pipe to a hollow portion of a rotating shaft of the superconducting generator and the superconducting motor. hybrid vehicle according to 請 Motomeko 2 constituting the supplying refrigerant to the rotating shaft hollow portion both above and. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 3, wherein a refrigerant is cooled by attaching a Peltier element to an outer surface of the cooling supply pipe . 5. The fuel according to claim 1, wherein gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), compressed natural gas (CNG), dimethyl ether (DME) and / or hydrogen are used as fuel for the internal combustion engine. The hybrid car described in 1. In a hybrid vehicle that drives a vehicle by combining an internal combustion engine and an electric motor,
A superconducting motor is used as the electric motor, a superconducting generator is used as a generator for supplying electric power to the superconducting motor, the internal combustion engine is connected to the superconducting generator, and the superelectric generator is connected to the internal combustion engine. Running and generating electricity,
A hybrid vehicle characterized in that liquid hydrogen is used as a fuel for the internal combustion engine and a part of the liquid hydrogen is supplied as a refrigerant to a cooling unit provided in the superconducting motor and the superconducting generator .   The hybrid vehicle according to claim 6, wherein hydrogen vaporized in the cooling unit is supplied to the internal combustion engine as fuel. The hybrid vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the hybrid vehicle is a series type in which the vehicle is driven by driving the superconducting motor with electric power generated by a superconducting generator operated by the internal combustion engine. .

Images