JP3835783B2 - Organic electroluminescent device material and organic electroluminescent device using the same - Google Patents
Organic electroluminescent device material and organic electroluminescent device using the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP3835783B2 JP3835783B2 JP17166698A JP17166698A JP3835783B2 JP 3835783 B2 JP3835783 B2 JP 3835783B2 JP 17166698 A JP17166698 A JP 17166698A JP 17166698 A JP17166698 A JP 17166698A JP 3835783 B2 JP3835783 B2 JP 3835783B2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 38
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 99
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 60
- -1 polycyclic aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 53
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 41
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 33
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 27
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 26
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 25
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 18
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 15
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 13
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzopyrazine Natural products N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KXNQKOAQSGJCQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[e][1,3]benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N=CS3)=C3C=CC2=C1 KXNQKOAQSGJCQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- USYCQABRSUEURP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-benzo[f]benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C(NC=N3)C3=CC2=C1 USYCQABRSUEURP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WMUIZUWOEIQJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[e][1,3]benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N=CO3)=C3C=CC2=C1 WMUIZUWOEIQJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pteridine Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=NC=CN=C21 CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- AIGNCQCMONAWOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoselenazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[se]C=NC2=C1 AIGNCQCMONAWOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ODIRBFFBCSTPTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-selenazole Chemical compound C1=C[se]C=N1 ODIRBFFBCSTPTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FLBAYUMRQUHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-naphthyridine Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CN=C21 FLBAYUMRQUHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=NNC2=C1 BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CO1 IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004397 aminosulfonyl group Chemical group NS(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isothiazole Chemical compound C=1C=NSC=1 ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CTAPFRYPJLPFDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoxazole Chemical compound C=1C=NOC=1 CTAPFRYPJLPFDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalazine Chemical compound C1=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UWRZIZXBOLBCON-VOTSOKGWSA-N (e)-2-phenylethenamine Chemical class N\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 UWRZIZXBOLBCON-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KLCLIOISYBHYDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4,4-triphenylbuta-1,3-dienylbenzene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=CC=C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KLCLIOISYBHYDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHMICKWLTGFITH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-isoindole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CNC=C21 VHMICKWLTGFITH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MVVFUAACPKXXKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dihydro-1,3-selenazole Chemical compound C1CN=C[Se]1 MVVFUAACPKXXKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical group [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004442 acylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004466 alkoxycarbonylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005162 aryl oxy carbonyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005161 aryl oxy carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005110 aryl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- AMTXUWGBSGZXCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[e][1,3]benzoselenazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N=C[se]3)=C3C=CC2=C1 AMTXUWGBSGZXCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001951 carbamoylamino group Chemical group C(N)(=O)N* 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- WCZVZNOTHYJIEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnoline Chemical compound N1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 WCZVZNOTHYJIEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical class C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000008376 fluorenones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001411 inorganic cation Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 2
- SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium silver Chemical compound [Mg].[Ag] SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007978 oxazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 2
- RDOWQLZANAYVLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthridine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=NC2=C1 RDOWQLZANAYVLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- PTMHPRAIXMAOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid amide group Chemical group P(N)(O)(O)=O PTMHPRAIXMAOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical class C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKTRRACPJVYJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine Chemical class C1=CN=C2SN=NC2=C1 QKTRRACPJVYJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002088 tosyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- JFLKFZNIIQFQBS-FNCQTZNRSA-N trans,trans-1,4-Diphenyl-1,3-butadiene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 JFLKFZNIIQFQBS-FNCQTZNRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、電気エネルギーを光に変換して発光できる発光素子(有機エレクトロルミネッセンス(EL)素子)用材料および発光素子に関し、表示素子、ディスプレイ、バックライト、電子写真、照明光源、標識、看板、インテリア等の分野に好適に使用できる発光素子に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
今日、種々の表示素子に関する研究開発が活発であり、中でも有機EL素子は、低電圧で高輝度の発光を得ることができるため、有望な表示素子として注目されている。例えば、有機化合物の蒸着により有機薄膜を形成するEL素子が知られている(アプライド フィジックス レターズ、51巻、913頁、1987年)。記載の有機EL素子は電子輸送材料と正孔輸送材料の積層構造を有し、従来の単層型素子に比べてその発光特性が大幅に向上している。
【0003】
上記積層型EL素子の発光効率を改良する手段として、蛍光色素をドープする方法が知られている。例えば、ジャーナルオブアプライドフィジックス65巻、3610頁、1989年に記載のクマリン色素をドープした有機EL素子は、ドープしない素子に比べて発光効率が大幅に向上している。この場合、用いる蛍光性化合物の種類を変えることにより所望の波長の光を取り出すことが可能であるが、特に高効率で青色や赤色に発光し、かつ耐久性に優れる化合物は少ない。
【0004】
従来知られている青色発光材料としては、例えばアントラセン、ピレン、ペリレンなど縮合多環芳香族化合物(例えばJ.Chem.Phys.,44,2902(1966)、Thin.Solid.Films,99,171(1982)等に記載)、テトラフェニルブタジエン系化合物(例えば特開昭59−194393号記載化合物)、ジスチリルベンゼン系化合物(例えば欧州特許第281381号、同319881号、同373582号、米国特許第4672265号、同4725531号、同4734338号、同4741976号、同4776320号、特開昭61−37890号、特開平1−245087号、同2−247277号、同2−247278号、同2−209988号、同3−33184号、同3−84089号、同3−231970号、同4−117485号、同4−275268号、同5−17765号、同140145号等記載の化合物)、スチルベン系化合物(例えば特開平2−235983号、同3−47890号等記載の化合物)、ポリフェニル系化合物(例えば特開平3−33183号等記載の化合物)、芳香族3級アミン骨格を繰り返し単位として含有するポリカーボネート系化合物(例えば特開平5−247459号等記載の化合物)、トロポロン骨格を有する金属錯体(例えば特開平9−157642号等記載の化合物)、2−(o−ヒドロキシフェニル)−ベンズオキサゾール誘導体または2−(o−ヒドロキシフェニル)−ベンズチアゾール誘導体を配位子とする金属錯体(例えば特開平7−133483号、同8−113576号、同8−301877号、同8−306489号等記載の化合物)等が開示されているが、これら化合物は発光効率が低かったり、耐久性に問題があったり、色純度が悪かったりなどの問題があり、実用に供しえなかった。
【0005】
また、従来の有機EL素子は、一般に発光スペクトルの幅が広く、このため青、緑、赤発光によるフルカラー画像の再現を行う上においては、スペクトルの重畳が起こり、色彩再現に問題があった。また、カラーフィルターを用いて青、緑、赤を得る上でも、利用されない光のスペクトル成分が存在するため、発光の利用効率が低下するなどの問題があった。このような問題を解決するものとして、例えばピロメテン−BF2錯体(例えば特開平9−208946号、同9−289081号など)やアセチルアセトナト誘導体−Eu3+錯体などの発光スペクトルの幅が狭い材料が開示されている。しかしながら前者の化合物を用いた場合には、緑〜赤色の発光しかできず、また、後者は赤色発光のみ可能であり、両化合物群とも発光輝度が低いといった問題があった。更にこれらはドープ材料としては機能するものの、電子輸送材料としてのホスト機能は殆どなく、煩雑かつ再現性の乏しい素子製造工程を要するため、電子輸送機能と発光機能を兼ねた材料の開発も望まれていた。
【0006】
一方、有機EL素子において高輝度発光を実現しているものは有機物質を真空蒸着によって積層している素子であるが、製造工程の簡略化、加工性、大面積化等の観点から塗布方式による素子作製が望ましい。しかしながら、従来の塗布方式で作製した素子では発光輝度、発光効率の点で蒸着方式で作製した素子に劣っており、高輝度、高効率発光化が大きな課題となっていた。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の第一の目的は、発光スペクトル幅が狭く、かつ色純度の高い有機EL素子用材料および有機EL素子の提供にある。第二の目的は低電圧駆動で高輝度、高効率の発光が可能で、繰り返し使用時での安定性に優れた有機EL素子用材料および有機EL素子の提供にある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この課題は下記手段によって達成された。
(1)下記式で表される錯体であることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子材料。
【0009】
【化3】
【0010】
(式中、R 11は 、水素原子またはシアノ基を表す。)
(2)下記式で表される錯体のいずれかであることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子材料。
【0011】
【化4】
【0012】
(式中、R 21 は、水素原子またはシアノ基を表す。R x3 は、メチル基またはエチル基を表す。)
(3)一対の電極間に発光層もしくは発光層を含む複数の有機化合物薄膜を形成した有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子において、少なくとも一層が(1)または(2)に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子材料を含有する層であることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(4)一対の電極間に発光層もしくは発光層を含む複数の有機化合物薄膜を形成した有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子において、少なくとも一層が(1)または(2)に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子材料を塗布することにより成膜した層であることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(5)一対の電極間に発光層もしくは発光層を含む複数の有機化合物薄膜を形成した有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子において、少なくとも一層が(1)または(2)に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子材料をポリマーに分散した層であることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。本発明の式(A)で表される錯体は、下記一般式(I)で表される化合物から形成できる。
【化50】
(式中、R 11 は、水素原子または置換基を表す。R 12 は、水素原子、カチオンまたは置換
基を表す。Q 11 およびQ 12 はそれぞれ6員環を形成するに必要な原子群を表す。) R11は、水素原子または置換基を表す。置換基としては、例えばアルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1〜20、より好ましくは炭素数1〜12、特に好ましくは炭素数1〜8であり、例えばメチル、エチル、iso−プロピル、tert−ブチル、n−オクチル、n−デシル、n−ヘキサデシル、シクロプロピル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシルなどが挙げられる。)、アルケニル基(好ましくは炭素数2〜20、より好ましくは炭素数2〜12、特に好ましくは炭素数2〜8であり、例えばビニル、アリル、2−ブテニル、3−ペンテニルなどが挙げられる。)、アルキニル基(好ましくは炭素数2〜20、より好ましくは炭素数2〜12、特に好ましくは炭素数2〜8であり、例えばプロパルギル、3−ペンチニルなどが挙げられる。)、アリール基(好ましくは炭素数6〜30、より好ましくは炭素数6〜20、特に好ましくは炭素数6〜12であり、例えばフェニル、p−メチルフェニル、ナフチルなどが挙げられる。)、アミノ基(好ましくは炭素数0〜20、より好ましくは炭素数0〜10、特に好ましくは炭素数0〜6であり、例えばアミノ、メチルアミノ、ジメチルアミノ、ジエチルアミノ、ジベンジルアミノなどが挙げられる。)、アルコキシ基(好ましくは炭素数1〜20、より好ましくは炭素数1〜12、特に好ましくは炭素数1〜8であり、例えばメトキシ、エトキシ、ブトキシなどが挙げられる。)、アリールオキシ基(好ましくは炭素数6〜20、より好ましくは炭素数6〜16、特に好ましくは炭素数6〜12であり、例えばフェニルオキシ、2−ナフチルオキシなどが挙げられる。)、アシル基(好ましくは炭素数1〜20、より好ましくは炭素数1〜16、特に好ましくは炭素数1〜12であり、例えばアセチル、ベンゾイル、ホルミル、ピバロイルなどが挙げられる。)、アルコキシカルボニル基(好ましくは炭素数2〜20、より好ましくは炭素数2〜16、特に好ましくは炭素数2〜12であり、例えばメトキシカルボニル、エトキシカルボニルなどが挙げられる。)、アリールオキシカルボニル基(好ましくは炭素数7〜20、より好ましくは炭素数7〜16、特に好ましくは炭素数7〜10であり、例えばフェニルオキシカルボニルなどが挙げられる。)、アシルオキシ基(好ましくは炭素数2〜20、より好ましくは炭素数2〜16、特に好ましくは炭素数2〜10であり、例えばアセトキシ、ベンゾイルオキシなどが挙げられる。)、アシルアミノ基(好ましくは炭素数2〜20、より好ましくは炭素数2〜16、特に好ましくは炭素数2〜10であり、例えばアセチルアミノ、ベンゾイルアミノなどが挙げられる。)、アルコキシカルボニルアミノ基(好ましくは炭素数2〜20、より好ましくは炭素数2〜16、特に好ましくは炭素数2〜12であり、例えばメトキシカルボニルアミノなどが挙げられる。)、アリールオキシカルボニルアミノ基(好ましくは炭素数7〜20、より好ましくは炭素数7〜16、特に好ましくは炭素数7〜12であり、例えばフェニルオキシカルボニルアミノなどが挙げられる。)、スルホニルアミノ基(好ましくは炭素数1〜20、より好ましくは炭素数1〜16、特に好ましくは炭素数1〜12であり、例えばメタンスルホニルアミノ、ベンゼンスルホニルアミノなどが挙げられる。)、スルファモイル基(好ましくは炭素数0〜20、より好ましくは炭素数0〜16、特に好ましくは炭素数0〜12であり、例えばスルファモイル、メチルスルファモイル、ジメチルスルファモイル、フェニルスルファモイルなどが挙げられる。)、カルバモイル基(好ましくは炭素数1〜20、より好ましくは炭素数1〜16、特に好ましくは炭素数1〜12であり、例えばカルバモイル、メチルカルバモイル、ジエチルカルバモイル、フェニルカルバモイルなどが挙げられる。)、アルキルチオ基(好ましくは炭素数1〜20、より好ましくは炭素数1〜16、特に好ましくは炭素数1〜12であり、例えばメチルチオ、エチルチオなどが挙げられる。)、アリールチオ基(好ましくは炭素数6〜20、より好ましくは炭素数6〜16、特に好ましくは炭素数6〜12であり、例えばフェニルチオなどが挙げられる。)、スルホニル基(好ましくは炭素数1〜20、より好ましくは炭素数1〜16、特に好ましくは炭素数1〜12であり、例えばメシル、トシルなどが挙げられる。)、スルフィニル基(好ましくは炭素数1〜20、より好ましくは炭素数1〜16、特に好ましくは炭素数1〜12であり、例えばメタンスルフィニル、ベンゼンスルフィニルなどが挙げられる。)、ウレイド基(好ましくは炭素数1〜20、より好ましくは炭素数1〜16、特に好ましくは炭素数1〜12であり、例えばウレイド、メチルウレイド、フェニルウレイドなどが挙げられる。)、リン酸アミド基(好ましくは炭素数1〜20、より好ましくは炭素数1〜16、特に好ましくは炭素数1〜12であり、例えばジエチルリン酸アミド、フェニルリン酸アミドなどが挙げられる。)、ヒドロキシ基、メルカプト基、ハロゲン原子(例えばフッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子)、シアノ基、スルホ基、カルボキシル基、ニトロ基、ヒドロキサム酸基、スルフィノ基、ヒドラジノ基、イミノ基、ヘテロ環基(好ましくは炭素数1〜20、より好ましくは炭素数1〜12であり、ヘテロ原子としては、例えば窒素原子、酸素原子、硫黄原子、具体的には例えばイミダゾリル、ピリジル、フリル、ピペリジル、モルホリノ、ベンズオキサゾリル、ベンズイミダゾリル、ベンズチアゾリルなどが挙げられる。)などが挙げられる。これらの置換基は更に置換されてもよい。また置換基が二つ以上ある場合は、同じでも異なってもよい。また、可能な場合には連結して環を連結してもよい。
【0014】
置換基として好ましくは、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリール基、アミノ基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、アシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アリールオキシカルボニル基、アシルオキシ基、アシルアミノ基、アルコキシカルボニルアミノ基、アリールオキシカルボニルアミノ基、スルホニルアミノ基、スルファモイル基、カルバモイル基、アルキルチオ基、アリールチオ基、スルホニル基、スルフィニル基、ウレイド基、リン酸アミド基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、カルボキシル基、ニトロ基、ヘテロ環基であり、より好ましくはアルキル基、アルケニル基、アリール基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、ヘテロ環基であり、更に好ましくはアルキル基、アリール基、シアノ基、芳香族ヘテロ環基であり、特に好ましくはアルキル基、アリール基、シアノ基である。
【0015】
R11として好ましくは、水素原子、アルキル基(より好ましくは炭素数1〜20、更に好ましくは炭素数1〜12、特に好ましくは炭素数1〜6のアルキル基)、アリール基(より好ましくは炭素数6〜30、更に好ましくは炭素数6〜20、特に好ましくは炭素数6〜12のアリール基)、シアノ基、芳香族ヘテロ環基(より好ましくは5員または6員環の芳香族ヘテロ環)である。
【0016】
R12は、水素原子、カチオンまたは置換基を表す。カチオンとしては有機カチオンまたは無機カチオンのいずれでもよく、例えばアルカリ金属イオン(例えばLi+、Na+、K+、Cs+など)、アルカリ土類金属イオン(例えばBe2+、Mg2+、Ca2+など)、アンモニウム(例えばアンモニウム、テトラエチルアンモニウムなど)、ホスホニウム(例えばテトラブチルホスホニウムなど)などが挙げられる。R12で表される置換基としては、例えばR11の置換基として挙げたものが適用でき、また好ましい置換基も同様である。
R12として好ましくは、水素原子、カチオン、アルキル基(より好ましくは炭素数1〜20、更に好ましくは炭素数1〜12、特に好ましくは炭素数1〜6のアルキル基)、アリール基(より好ましくは炭素数6〜30、更に好ましくは炭素数6〜20、特に好ましくは炭素数6〜12のアリール基)、シアノ基、芳香族ヘテロ環基(より好ましくは5または6員環の芳香族ヘテロ環)であり、より好ましくは水素原子である。
【0017】
R11、R12の組合せとして好ましくは、R11、R12が共に水素原子の場合、R11がアルキル基でR12が水素原子の場合、R11がアリール基でR12が水素原子の場合、R11がシアノ基でR12が水素原子の場合、R11が芳香族ヘテロ環基でR12が水素原子の場合であり、更に好ましくはR11、R12が共に水素原子の場合、R11がシアノ基でR12が水素原子の場合である。
【0018】
Q11およびQ12はそれぞれ6員環を形成するに必要な原子群を表す。これらの6員環はベンゼン環、ナフタレン環等が縮環していてよい。Q11、Q12で形成される6員環としては、例えば、ピロール、イミダゾリン、イミダゾール、ベンズイミダゾール、ナフトイミダゾール、チアゾリン、チアゾール、ベンズチアゾール、ナフトチアゾール、イソチアゾール、オキサゾリン、オキサゾール、ベンズオキサゾール、ナフトオキサゾール、イソオキサゾール、セレナゾリン、セレナゾール、ベンズセレナゾール、ナフトセレナゾール、インドール、イソインドール、インドレニン、ピラゾール、インダゾール、ピリジン、キノリン、イソキノリン、ピラジン、ピリミジン、ピリダジン、プリン、フタラジン、ナフチリジン、キノキサリン、キナゾリン、シンノリン、プテリジン、カルボリン、フェナントリジン、プテリジン、フェナントロリン、ペリミジン、テトラザインデンなどが挙げられ、好ましくはピリジン、キノリン、イソキノリン、ピラジン、ピリミジン、ピリダジン、プリン、フタラジン、ナフチリジン、キノキサリン、キナゾリンであり、より好ましくはピリジン、キノリンである。Q11、Q12で形成される6員環は置換基を有してもよく、置換基としては例えばR11の置換基として挙げたものが適用できる。一般式(I)で表される化合物のうち、好ましくは一般式(I−a)で表される化合物である。
【0019】
【化5】
【0020】
(式中、R11は一般式(I)におけるそれらと同義であり、また好ましい範囲も同様である。Q11aおよびQ12aは、それぞれピリジン環またはキノリン環を形成する原子群を表す。Q11a、Q12aで形成されるピリジン環、キノリン環は置換基を有してもよく、置換基としては例えばR11の置換基として挙げたものが適用できる。)
本発明の式(B)〜(D)で表される錯体は、下記一般式( II )で表される化合物から形成できる。
【化51】
(式中、R 21 は、水素原子または置換基を表す。R 22 は、水素原子、カチオンまたは置換
基を表す。X 1 およびX 2 はそれぞれ酸素原子、硫黄原子、セレン原子、CR x1 (R x2 )、
NR x3 (R x1 、R x2 、R x3 はそれぞれ水素原子または置換基を表す。)を表す。Q 21 およ
びQ 22 はそれぞれ5員環を形成するに必要な原子群を表す。)
R21は、水素原子または置換基を表す。置換基としては、例えば一般式(I)におけるR11の置換基として挙げたものが適用できる。R21として好ましくは、水素原子、アルキル基(より好ましくは炭素数1〜20、更に好ましくは炭素数1〜12、特に好ましくは炭素数1〜6のアルキル基)、アリール基(より好ましくは炭素数6〜30、更に好ましくは炭素数6〜20、特に好ましくは炭素数6〜12のアリール基)、シアノ基、芳香族ヘテロ環基(より好ましくは5員または6員環の芳香族ヘテロ環)である。
【0021】
R22は、水素原子、カチオンまたは置換基を表す。カチオンとしては有機カチオンまたは無機カチオンのいずれでもよく、例えばアルカリ金属イオン(例えばLi+、Na+、K+、Cs+など)、アルカリ土類金属イオン(例えばBe2+、Mg2+、Ca2+など)、アンモニウム(例えばアンモニウム、テトラエチルアンモニウムなど)、ホスホニウム(例えばテトラブチルホスホニウムなど)などが挙げられる。R22で表される置換基としては、例えば一般式(I)におけるR11の置換基として挙げたものが適用でき、また好ましい置換基も同様である。
R22として好ましくは、水素原子、カチオン、アルキル基(より好ましくは炭素数1〜20、更に好ましくは炭素数1〜12、特に好ましくは炭素数1〜6のアルキル基)、アリール基(より好ましくは炭素数6〜30、更に好ましくは炭素数6〜20、特に好ましくは炭素数6〜12のアリール基)、シアノ基、芳香族ヘテロ環基(より好ましくは5員または6員環の芳香族ヘテロ環)であり、より好ましくは水素原子である。
【0022】
R21、R22の組合せとして好ましくは、R21、R22が共に水素原子の場合、R21がアルキル基でR22が水素原子の場合、R21がアリール基でR22が水素原子の場合、R21がシアノ基でR22が水素原子の場合、R21が芳香族ヘテロ環基でR22が水素原子の場合であり、更に好ましくはR21、R22が共に水素原子の場合、R21がシアノ基でR22が水素原子の場合である。
【0023】
X1およびX2はそれぞれ酸素原子、硫黄原子、セレン原子、CRx1(Rx2)、NRx3(Rx1、Rx2、Rx3はそれぞれ水素原子または置換基を表す。)を表す。)Rx1、Rx2、Rx3で表される置換基としては例えば一般式(I)におけるR11の置換基として挙げたものが適用できる。
Rx1、Rx2として好ましくは水素原子、アルキル基(より好ましくは炭素数1〜20、更に好ましくは炭素数1〜12、特に好ましくは炭素数1〜6のアルキル基)、アリール基(より好ましくは炭素数6〜30、更に好ましくは炭素数6〜20、特に好ましくは炭素数6〜12のアリール基)、芳香族ヘテロ環基(より好ましくは5員または6員環の芳香族ヘテロ環)であり、より好ましくは水素原子、アルキル基であり、さらに好ましくは炭素数1〜6の低級アルキル基であり、特に好ましくはメチル、エチルである。
Rx3として好ましくは水素原子、アルキル基(より好ましくは炭素数1〜20、更に好ましくは炭素数1〜12、特に好ましくは炭素数1〜6のアルキル基)、アリール基(より好ましくは炭素数6〜30、更に好ましくは炭素数6〜20、特に好ましくは炭素数6〜12のアリール基)、芳香族ヘテロ環基(より好ましくは5員または6員環の芳香族ヘテロ環)であり、より好ましくは水素原子、アルキル基であり、更に好ましくは炭素数1〜6の低級アルキル基であり、特に好ましくはメチル、エチルである。
X1、X2として好ましくは酸素原子、硫黄原子、CRx1(Rx2)、NRx3であり、より好ましくは酸素原子、硫黄原子、NRx3である。
【0024】
Q21およびQ22はそれぞれ5員環を形成するに必要な原子群を表す。これらの5員環にはベンゼン環、ナフタレン環等が縮環していてもよい。Q21、Q22で形成される5員環としては、単環または縮環のいずれでもよく、例えばイミダゾリン、イミダゾール、ベンズイミダゾール、ナフトイミダゾール、チアゾリン、チアゾール、ベンズチアゾール、ナフトチアゾール、イソチアゾール、オキサゾリン、オキサゾール、ベンズオキサゾール、ナフトオキサゾール、イソオキサゾール、セレナゾリン、セレナゾール、ベンズセレナゾール、ナフトセレナゾール、インドール、インドレニン、ピラゾール、インダゾール、プリン、テトラザインデン、トリアゾール、テトラゾール、オキサジアゾール、チアジアゾールなどが挙げられ、好ましくはイミダゾール、ベンズイミダゾール、ナフトイミダゾール、チアゾール、ベンズチアゾール、ナフトチアゾール、オキサゾール、ベンズオキサゾール、ナフトオキサゾール、インドレニンであり、より好ましくはベンズイミダゾール、ナフトイミダゾール、ベンズチアゾール、ナフトチアゾール、ベンズオキサゾール、ナフトオキサゾール、インドレニンである。
【0025】
一般式(II)で表される化合物のうち、好ましくは一般式(II−a)で表される化合物である。
【0026】
【化6】
【0027】
(式中、R21、X1、X2は、それぞれ一般式(II)におけるそれらと同義であり、また好ましい範囲も同様である。R23、R24、R25およびR26は、それぞれ水素原子または置換基を表す。R23〜R26で表される置換基としては、例えば一般式(I)におけるR11の置換基として挙げたものが適用できる。
R23、R24、R25、R26として好ましくは水素原子、R23とR24、R25とR26が連結して縮合環(例えばベンゼン、ナフタレン、アントラセン、イミダゾリン、イミダゾール、ベンズイミダゾール、ナフトイミダゾール、チアゾリジン、チアゾール、ベンズチアゾール、ナフトチアゾール、イソチアゾール、オキサゾリン、オキサゾール、ベンズオキサゾール、ナフトオキサゾール、イソオキサゾール、セレナゾール、ベンズセレナゾール、ナフトセレナゾール、ピリジン、キノリン、イソキノリン、インドール、イソインドール、インドレニン、ピラゾール、ピラジン、ピリミジン、ピリダジン、インダゾール、プリン、フタラジン、ナフチリジン、キノキサリン、キナゾリン、シンノリン、プテリジン、フェナントリジン、プテリジン、フェナントロリン、テトラザインデンなど)を形成したものであり、より好ましくは水素原子、R23とR24、R25とR26が連結して芳香族縮合環を形成したものであり、更に好ましくは、R23とR24、R25とR26が連結してベンゼン環、ナフタレン環を形成したものである。)
【0028】
一般式(II)で表される化合物のうち、より好ましくは一般式(II−b)で表される化合物である。
【0029】
【化7】
【0030】
(式中、R21、X1、X2は、それぞれ一般式(II)におけるそれらと同義であり、また好ましい範囲も同様である。Rb1およびRb2は、それぞれ置換基を表す。Rb1、Rb2で表される置換基としては、例えば一般式(I)におけるR11で表される置換基として挙げたものが適用でき、好ましい範囲も同様である。n1およびn2は、それぞれ0〜4の整数を表し、n1、n2が2以上の場合、Rb1、Rb2は同一または互いに異なってもよく、また可能な場合には連結して環を形成してもよい。)
【0031】
一般式(I)、(II)で表される化合物は、低分子量化合物であってもよいし、一般式(I)、(II)で表される残基がポリマー主鎖に接続された高分子量化合物もしくは、一般式(I)、(II)の骨格を主鎖にもつ高分子量化合物であってもよい。高分子量化合物の場合は、ホモポリマーであっても良いし、他のモノマーとの共重合体であっても良い。
また、一般式(I)、(II)は便宜的に極限構造式で表しているが、その互変異性体であってもよい。
【0032】
以下に一般式(I)、(II)で表される化合物の具体例を示す。本発明の式(A)〜(D)で表される錯体は、下記具体例のI−1、2、II−1、2、5、12、14,20を配位子として形成できる。
【0033】
【化8】
【0034】
【化9】
【0035】
【化10】
【0036】
【化11】
【0037】
【化12】
【0038】
【化13】
【0039】
一般式(I)、(II)で表される化合物から形成される錯体の金属イオンとしては2価または3価の陽イオンが好ましく、より好ましくはBe2+、Mg2+、Al3+、Ga3+、Zn2+、Cu2+、Co2+、Ce3+、Eu3+、Eu2+、Tb3+であり、更に好ましくはAl3+、Zn2+であり、特に好ましくはZn2+である。以下に一般式(I)、(II)で表される化合物を配位子とする錯体の具体例を示す。下記具体例中、K−1〜3、K−30が本発明にかかる式(A)〜(D)に相当する。
【0040】
【化14】
【0041】
【化15】
【0042】
【化16】
【0043】
【化17】
【0044】
【化18】
【0045】
【化19】
【0046】
【化20】
【0047】
【化21】
【0048】
【化22】
【0049】
【化23】
【0050】
【化24】
【0051】
一般式(I)、(II)および一般式(I)、(II)で表される化合物から形成される錯体は種々の方法で合成することができ、例えば、Journal of Organic Chemistry,vol54,786(1988年)、同,vol63,436(1998年)、Inorganic Chemistry,vol35,3(1996年)、Journal of Organometallic Chemistry,vol489,107(1995年)、Journal of Physics,vol99,6421(1993年)、Journal of the Chemical Society,Dalton Transactions,16,2457(1992年)、Inorganica Chimica Acta,vol174,169(1990年)、Transition Metal Chemistry,vol13,423(1988年)、Journal of the Chemical Society,Chemical Communication,490(1986年)、Analytica Chemica Acta,vol44,115(1969年)などに記載された合成法が適用できる。また、本発明の金属錯体は、一般式(I)、(II)で表される化合物と各種金属または金属塩から合成できる。金属塩としては、特に限定はないが硝酸塩、塩酸塩などのハロゲン塩、硫酸塩、酢酸塩などのカルボン酸塩、ホスホン酸塩、スルホン酸塩、水酸化物、アルコキシドなどが好適に用いられ、好ましくは硝酸塩、塩酸塩、硫酸塩、酢酸塩である。金属錯体を合成する際に用いる一般式(I)、(II)で表される化合物と金属塩のモル比は合成する錯体に応じて適宜選択するが、通常金属イオンに対して一般式(I)、(II)で表される化合物を0.1〜10倍モル、好ましくは0.5〜8倍モル、更に好ましくは0.5〜6倍モルである。また、錯体の合成に際しては塩基を用いることができる。塩基としては、種々の無機または有機塩基を用いることができ、例えば金属水酸化物(例えば水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウムなど)、金属炭酸塩(例えば炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウムなど)、金属炭酸水素塩(例えば炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸水素カリウムなど)、有機塩基(例えばトリエチルアミン、ナトリウムアルコキシドなど)の使用が好ましい。使用する塩基の量は、特に限定しないが、好ましくは一般式(I)、(II)で表される化合物に対して0.01当量〜30当量、より好ましくは1当量〜10当量である。金属錯体の合成に際しては溶媒を用いてもよく、溶媒としては特に限定はないが水、アルコール類(例えばメタノール、エタノール、2−プロパノールなど)、エステル類(例えば酢酸エチルなど)、エーテル類(例えばジエチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、1,4−ジオキサンなど)、アミド類(例えばジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミドなど)、ニトリル類(例えばアセトニトリルなど)、ケトン類(例えばアセトン、シクロヘキサノンなど)、炭化水素類(例えばヘキサン、ベンゼン、トルエンなど)、ハロゲン化炭化水素類(例えばジクロロメタン、クロロホルム、1,2−ジクロロエタンなど)、カルボン酸類(例えば酢酸など)などを用いることができる。また、これら溶媒を混合して用いてもよい。溶媒として好ましくはアルコール類、エーテル類、ケトン類であり、より好ましくはアルコール類であり、特に好ましくはメタノール、エタノール、2−プロパノールである。金属錯体を合成する際の反応温度は特に限定はないが、好ましくは10〜150℃、好ましくは10〜100℃、より好ましくは10〜80℃である。
【0052】
以下に本発明の錯体の合成法について具体例をもって説明する。
合成例1.例示化合物II−2の合成2−アミノチオフェノール25.0g(0.20mol)とマロン酸ジエチル17.2g(0.10mol)を混合し、窒素雰囲気下200℃にて3時間加熱攪拌した。室温まで冷却した後、酢酸エチル/飽和食塩水にて洗浄し、有機層を無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。溶媒を減圧留去した後、酢酸エチル/n−ヘキサンにて再結晶することにより、化合物II−2を21.0g(0.0745mol)得た。収率75%
【0053】
合成例2.例示化合物K−1の合成
例示化合物II−2 1.41g(4.99mmol)をメタノール30mlに溶解し、室温下攪拌しているところへ、ナトリウムメトキシドの28%メタノール溶液1.1ml(5.36mmol)を加えた後、酢酸亜鉛2水和物 0.55g(2.51mmol)/メタノール7ml溶液を滴下した。室温下1時間攪拌した後、析出した固体を濾取し、クロロホルム/メタノールにて再結晶することにより、黄色固体の例示化合物K−1を1.12g(1.78mmol)得た。収率71%
【0054】
本発明の発光素子は陽極、陰極の一対の電極間に発光層もしくは発光層を含む複数の有機化合物薄膜を形成した素子であり、発光層のほか正孔注入層、正孔輸送層、電子注入層、電子輸送層、保護層などを有してもよく、またこれらの各層はそれぞれ他の機能を備えたものであってもよい。各層の形成にはそれぞれ種々の材料を用いることができる。
【0055】
陽極は正孔注入層、正孔輸送層、発光層などに正孔を供給するものであり、金属、合金、金属酸化物、電気伝導性化合物、またはこれらの混合物などを用いることができ、好ましくは仕事関数が4eV以上の材料である。具体例としては酸化スズ、酸化亜鉛、酸化インジウム、酸化インジウムスズ(ITO)等の導電性金属酸化物、あるいは金、銀、クロム、ニッケル等の金属、さらにこれらの金属と導電性金属酸化物との混合物または積層物、ヨウ化銅、硫化銅などの無機導電性物質、ポリアニリン、ポリチオフェン、ポリピロールなどの有機導電性材料、およびこれらとITOとの積層物などが挙げられ、好ましくは、導電性金属酸化物であり、特に、生産性、高導電性、透明性等の点からITOが好ましい。陽極の膜厚は材料により適宜選択可能であるが、通常10nm〜5μmの範囲のものが好ましく、より好ましくは50nm〜1μmであり、更に好ましくは100nm〜500nmである。
【0056】
陽極は通常、ソーダライムガラス、無アルカリガラス、透明樹脂基板などの上に層形成したものが用いられる。ガラスを用いる場合、その材質については、ガラスからの溶出イオンを少なくするため、無アルカリガラスを用いることが好ましい。また、ソーダライムガラスを用いる場合、シリカなどのバリアコートを施したものを使用することが好ましい。基板の厚みは、機械的強度を保つのに十分であれば特に制限はないが、ガラスを用いる場合には、通常0.2mm以上、好ましくは0.7mm以上のものを用いる。
陽極の作製には材料によって種々の方法が用いられるが、例えばITOの場合、電子ビーム法、スパッタリング法、抵抗加熱蒸着法、化学反応法(ゾル−ゲル法など)、酸化インジウムスズの分散物の塗布などの方法で膜形成される。
陽極は洗浄その他の処理により、素子の駆動電圧を下げたり、発光効率を高めることも可能である。例えばITOの場合、UV−オゾン処理などが効果的である。
【0057】
陰極は電子注入層、電子輸送層、発光層などに電子を供給するものであり、電子注入層、電子輸送層、発光層などの負極と隣接する層との密着性やイオン化ポテンシャル、安定性等を考慮して選ばれる。陰極の材料としては金属、合金、金属酸化物、電気伝導性化合物、またはこれらの混合物を用いることができ、具体例としてはアルカリ金属(例えばLi、Na、K等)またはそのフッ化物、アルカリ土類金属(例えばMg、Ca等)またはそのフッ化物、金、銀、鉛、アルミニウム、ナトリウム−カリウム合金またはそれらの混合金属、リチウム−アルミニウム合金またはそれらの混合金属、マグネシウム−銀合金またはそれらの混合金属、インジウム、イッテリビウム等の希土類金属等が挙げられ、好ましくは仕事関数が4eV以下の材料であり、より好ましくはアルミニウム、リチウム−アルミニウム合金またはそれらの混合金属、マグネシウム−銀合金またはそれらの混合金属等である。陰極の膜厚は材料により適宜選択可能であるが、通常10nm〜5μmの範囲のものが好ましく、より好ましくは50nm〜1μmであり、更に好ましくは100nm〜1μmである。
陰極の作製には電子ビーム法、スパッタリング法、抵抗加熱蒸着法、コーティング法などの方法が用いられ、金属を単体で蒸着することも、二成分以上を同時に蒸着することもできる。さらに、複数の金属を同時に蒸着して合金電極を形成することも可能であり、またあらかじめ調整した合金を蒸着させてもよい。
陽極及び陰極のシート抵抗は低い方が好ましく、数百Ω/□以下が好ましい。
【0058】
発光層の材料は、電界印加時に陽極または正孔注入層、正孔輸送層から正孔を注入することができると共に陰極または電子注入層、電子輸送層から電子を注入することができる機能や、注入された電荷を移動させる機能、正孔と電子の再結合の場を提供して発光させる機能を有する層を形成することができるものであれば何でもよい。好ましくは発光層に本発明の錯体を含有するものであるが、本発明の錯体の他の発光材料を用いることもできる。例えばベンゾオキサゾール誘導体、ベンゾイミダゾール誘導体、ベンゾチアゾール誘導体、スチリルベンゼン誘導体、ポリフェニル誘導体、ジフェニルブタジエン誘導体、テトラフェニルブタジエン誘導体、ナフタルイミド誘導体、クマリン誘導体、ペリレン誘導体、ペリノン誘導体、オキサジアゾール誘導体、アルダジン誘導体、ピラリジン誘導体、シクロペンタジエン誘導体、ビススチリルアントラセン誘導体、キナクリドン誘導体、ピロロピリジン誘導体、チアジアゾロピリジン誘導体、シクロペンタジエン誘導体、スチリルアミン誘導体、芳香族ジメチリディン化合物、8−キノリノール誘導体の金属錯体や希土類錯体に代表される各種金属錯体等、ポリチオフェン、ポリフェニレン、ポリフェニレンビニレン等のポリマー化合物等が挙げられる。発光層の膜厚は特に限定されるものではないが、通常1nm〜5μmの範囲のものが好ましく、より好ましくは5nm〜1μmであり、更に好ましくは10nm〜500nmである。発光層の形成方法は、特に限定されるものではないが、抵抗加熱蒸着、電子ビーム、スパッタリング、分子積層法、コーティング法(スピンコート法、キャスト法、ディップコート法など)、LB法などの方法が用いられ、好ましくは抵抗加熱蒸着、コーティング法である。
【0059】
正孔注入層、正孔輸送層の材料は、陽極から正孔を注入する機能、正孔を輸送する機能、陰極から注入された電子を障壁する機能のいずれかを有しているものであればよい。その具体例としては、カルバゾール誘導体、トリアゾール誘導体、オキサゾール誘導体、オキサジアゾール誘導体、イミダゾール誘導体、ポリアリールアルカン誘導体、ピラゾリン誘導体、ピラゾロン誘導体、フェニレンジアミン誘導体、アリールアミン誘導体、アミノ置換カルコン誘導体、スチリルアントラセン誘導体、フルオレノン誘導体、ヒドラゾン誘導体、スチルベン誘導体、シラザン誘導体、芳香族第三級アミン化合物、スチリルアミン化合物、芳香族ジメチリディン系化合物、ポルフィリン系化合物、ポリシラン系化合物、ポリ(N−ビニルカルバゾール)誘導体、アニリン系共重合体、チオフェンオリゴマー、ポリチオフェン等の導電性高分子オリゴマー等が挙げられる。正孔注入層、正孔輸送層の膜厚は特に限定されるものではないが、通常1nm〜5μmの範囲のものが好ましく、より好ましくは5nm〜1μmであり、更に好ましくは10nm〜500nmである。正孔注入層、正孔輸送層は上述した材料の1種または2種以上からなる単層構造であってもよいし、同一組成または異種組成の複数層からなる多層構造であってもよい。
正孔注入層、正孔輸送層の形成方法としては、真空蒸着法やLB法、前記正孔注入輸送剤を溶媒に溶解または分散させてコーティングする方法(スピンコート法、キャスト法、ディップコート法など)が用いられる。コーティング法の場合、樹脂成分と共に溶解または分散することができ、樹脂成分としては例えば、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリカーボネート、ポリスチレン、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリブチルメタクリレート、ポリエステル、ポリスルホン、ポリフェニレンオキシド、ポリブタジエン、ポリ(N−ビニルカルバゾール)、炭化水素樹脂、ケトン樹脂、フェノキシ樹脂、ポリアミド、エチルセルロース、酢酸ビニル、ABS樹脂、ポリウレタン、メラミン樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、アルキド樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、シリコン樹脂などが挙げられる。
【0060】
電子注入層、電子輸送層の材料は、陰極から電子を注入する機能、電子を輸送する機能、陽極から注入された正孔を障壁する機能のいずれか有しているものであればよい。その具体例としては、トリアゾール誘導体、オキサゾール誘導体、オキサジアゾール誘導体、フルオレノン誘導体、アントラキノジメタン誘導体、アントロン誘導体、ジフェニルキノン誘導体、チオピランジオキシド誘導体、カルボジイミド誘導体、フルオレニリデンメタン誘導体、ジスチリルピラジン誘導体、ナフタレンペリレン等の複素環テトラカルボン酸無水物、フタロシアニン誘導体、8−キノリノール誘導体の金属錯体やメタルフタロシアニン、ベンゾオキサゾールやベンゾチアゾールを配位子とする金属錯体に代表される各種金属錯体等が挙げられる。電子注入層、電子輸送層の膜厚は特に限定されるものではないが、通常1nm〜5μmの範囲のものが好ましく、より好ましくは5nm〜1μmであり、更に好ましくは10nm〜500nmである。電子注入層、電子輸送層は上述した材料の1種または2種以上からなる単層構造であってもよいし、同一組成または異種組成の複数層からなる多層構造であってもよい。
電子注入層、電子輸送層の形成方法としては、真空蒸着法やLB法、前記電子注入輸送剤を溶媒に溶解または分散させてコーティングする方法(スピンコート法、キャスト法、ディップコート法など)などが用いられる。コーティング法の場合、樹脂成分と共に溶解または分散することができ、樹脂成分としては例えば、正孔注入輸送層の場合に例示したものが適用できる。
【0061】
保護層の材料としては水分や酸素等の素子劣化を促進するものが素子内に入ることを抑止する機能を有しているものであればよい。その具体例としては、In、Sn、Pb、Au、Cu、Ag、Al、Ti、Ni等の金属、MgO、SiO、SiO2 、Al2 O3 、GeO、NiO、CaO、BaO、Fe2 O3 、Y2 O3 、TiO2 等の金属酸化物、MgF2 、LiF、AlF3 、CaF2 等の金属フッ化物、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリイミド、ポリウレア、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリクロロトリフルオロエチレン、ポリジクロロジフルオロエチレン、クロロトリフルオロエチレンとジクロロジフルオロエチレンとの共重合体、テトラフルオロエチレンと少なくとも1種のコモノマーとを含むモノマー混合物を共重合させて得られる共重合体、共重合主鎖に環状構造を有する含フッ素共重合体、吸水率1%以上の吸水性物質、吸水率0.1%以下の防湿性物質等が挙げられる。
保護層の形成方法についても特に限定はなく、例えば真空蒸着法、スパッタリング法、反応性スパッタリング法、MBE(分子線エピタキシ)法、クラスターイオンビーム法、イオンプレーティング法、プラズマ重合法(高周波励起イオンプレーティング法)、プラズマCVD法、レーザーCVD法、熱CVD法、ガスソースCVD法、コーティング法を適用できる。
【0062】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれにより限定されるものではない。
実施例1
ITO付きガラス基板をエッチング、洗浄後、銅フタロシアニンを膜厚5nm、N,N’−ジフェニル−N,N’−ジ(1−ナフチル)−1,1’−ビフェニル−4,4’−ジアミンを35nm、表1記載の化合物を50nm、トリス(8−キノリノラト)アルミニウム(III)を10nmになるようにこの順に真空蒸着(8×10-6〜1×10-5Torr)した。この上に5mm×5mmにパターニングしたマスクを設置し、マグネシウム:銀=10:1を250nm共蒸着した後、銀300nmを蒸着した(8×10-6〜1×10-5Torr)。
東陽テクニカ製ソースメジャーユニット2400型を用いて、ITOを陽極、Mg:Agを陰極として直流定電圧をEL素子に印加し発光させ、その輝度をトプコン社の輝度計BM−8、発光波長、色度座標を浜松フォトニクス社製スペクトルアナライザーPMA−11を用いて測定した。結果を表1に示す。
【0063】
【表1】
【0064】
【化25】
【0065】
表1の結果より、本発明の化合物を用いた素子では高輝度かつ色純度の高い青色発光が得られた。
【0066】
実施例2
ポリ(N−ビニルカルバゾール)40mg、表2記載の化合物1mg、PBD(p−t−ブチルフェニルビフェニルオキサジアゾール)12mg、を1,2−ジクロロエタン3mlに溶解し、洗浄したITO基板上にスピンコートした。この時の膜厚は約120nmであった。次いで5mm×5mmにパターニングしたマスクを設置し、蒸着装置内でマグネシウム:銀=10:1を250nm共蒸着した後、銀300nmを蒸着した(8×10-6〜1×10-5Torr)。この素子を実施例1と同様な方法で評価した。結果を表2に示す。
【0067】
【表2】
【0068】
以上の結果より、本発明の化合物を用いた素子では通常発光輝度が低いとされる塗布方式でも良好な発光特性(発光輝度、色相)が得られ、特に青色純度の点で優れた素子が得られた。
【0069】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、青色純度に優れた有機EL素子が得られる。特に通常輝度の低い塗布方式でも良好な発光特性が得られ、製造コスト面等で有利な素子作製が可能である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a light-emitting element (organic electroluminescence (EL) element) material and a light-emitting element that can emit light by converting electric energy into light, and relates to a display element, a display, a backlight, electrophotography, an illumination light source, a sign, a signboard, The present invention relates to a light-emitting element that can be suitably used in the field of interior and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Today, research and development on various display elements are active. In particular, organic EL elements are attracting attention as promising display elements because they can emit light with high luminance at a low voltage. For example, an EL element that forms an organic thin film by vapor deposition of an organic compound is known (Applied Physics Letters, 51, 913, 1987). The described organic EL device has a laminated structure of an electron transport material and a hole transport material, and its light emission characteristics are greatly improved as compared with a conventional single layer type device.
[0003]
As a means for improving the luminous efficiency of the laminated EL element, a method of doping a fluorescent dye is known. For example, an organic EL device doped with a coumarin dye described in Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 65, p. 3610, 1989 has significantly improved luminous efficiency as compared with an undoped device. In this case, it is possible to extract light having a desired wavelength by changing the type of the fluorescent compound to be used. However, there are few compounds that emit blue light or red light with high efficiency and excellent durability.
[0004]
Conventionally known blue light emitting materials include, for example, condensed polycyclic aromatic compounds such as anthracene, pyrene and perylene (for example, J. Chem. Phys., 44, 2902 (1966), Thin. Solid. Films, 99, 171 ( 1982)), tetraphenylbutadiene compounds (for example, compounds described in JP-A-59-194393), distyrylbenzene compounds (for example, European Patent Nos. 281381, 319881, and 373582, US Pat. No. 4,672,265). No. 4,725,531, No. 4,734,338, No. 4,474,1976, No. 4776320, JP-A-61-37890, JP-A-1-245087, JP-A-2-247277, JP-A-2-247278, JP-A-2-209888. No. 3-33184, No. 3-8408 No. 3-232970, No. 4-117485, No. 4-275268, No. 5-17765, No. 140145, etc.), stilbene compounds (for example, JP-A-2-23583, No. 3- 47890, etc.), polyphenyl compounds (for example, compounds described in JP-A-3-33183, etc.), polycarbonate compounds containing aromatic tertiary amine skeleton as a repeating unit (for example, JP-A-5-247429, etc.) Compounds), metal complexes having a tropolone skeleton (for example, compounds described in JP-A-9-157642, etc.), 2- (o-hydroxyphenyl) -benzoxazole derivatives or 2- (o-hydroxyphenyl) -benzthiazole derivatives As a ligand (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 7-133483 and 8-11) 576, 8-301877, 8-306489, etc.), but these compounds have low luminous efficiency, problems in durability, poor color purity, etc. It was not possible to put it to practical use.
[0005]
In addition, conventional organic EL elements generally have a wide emission spectrum, and therefore, when reproducing full-color images by blue, green, and red emission, spectrum overlap occurs and there is a problem in color reproduction. In addition, there is a problem that the use efficiency of light emission is lowered because there are spectral components of light that are not used even when obtaining blue, green, and red using a color filter. As a solution to such a problem, for example, pyromethene-BF2Complexes (for example, JP-A Nos. 9-208946 and 9-289081) and acetylacetonato derivatives-Eu3+A material having a narrow emission spectrum such as a complex is disclosed. However, when the former compound is used, only green to red light can be emitted, and the latter can only emit red light, and both the compound groups have low emission luminance. Furthermore, although they function as dope materials, they have almost no host function as an electron transport material, and require a complicated and poorly reproducible device manufacturing process. Therefore, development of a material having both an electron transport function and a light emitting function is also desired. It was.
[0006]
On the other hand, an organic EL element that achieves high luminance light emission is an element in which an organic substance is laminated by vacuum deposition, but it depends on a coating method from the viewpoint of simplification of manufacturing process, workability, large area, etc. Device fabrication is desirable. However, the device manufactured by the conventional coating method is inferior to the device manufactured by the vapor deposition method in terms of light emission luminance and light emission efficiency, and high luminance and high efficiency light emission have been a major issue.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The first object of the present invention is to provide an organic EL device material and an organic EL device having a narrow emission spectrum width and high color purity. The second object is to provide an organic EL element material and an organic EL element that can emit light with high luminance and high efficiency by being driven at a low voltage and have excellent stability in repeated use.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
This object has been achieved by the following means.
(1)Following formulaRepresented byIllusionOrganic electroluminescence element material characterized by being a body.
[0009]
[Chemical Formula 3]
[0010]
(Wherein R 11 Represents a hydrogen atom or a cyano group. )
(2)Following formulaRepresented byIllusionbodyOne ofAn organic electroluminescent element material characterized by the above.
[0011]
[Formula 4]
[0012]
(Wherein R 21 Represents a hydrogen atom or a cyano group. R x3 Represents a methyl group or an ethyl group. )
(3) In an organic electroluminescent device in which a light emitting layer or a plurality of organic compound thin films including a light emitting layer is formed between a pair of electrodes, at least one layer is (1)Or (2)An organic electroluminescence device comprising the organic electroluminescence device material described above.
(4) In an organic electroluminescent device in which a light emitting layer or a plurality of organic compound thin films including a light emitting layer is formed between a pair of electrodes, at least one layer is (1)Or (2)An organic electroluminescence element, which is a layer formed by applying the organic electroluminescence element material described above.
(5) In an organic electroluminescent device in which a light emitting layer or a plurality of organic compound thin films including a light emitting layer is formed between a pair of electrodes, at least one layer is (1)Or (2)An organic electroluminescence device, wherein the organic electroluminescence device material is a layer dispersed in a polymer.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.. The complex represented by the formula (A) of the present invention can be formed from a compound represented by the following general formula (I).
Embedded image
(Wherein R 11 Represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. R 12 Is a hydrogen atom, cation or substitution
Represents a group. Q 11 And Q 12 Each represents an atomic group necessary to form a 6-membered ring. ) R11Represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Examples of the substituent include an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, tert-butyl, and n-octyl, n-decyl, n-hexadecyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc.), an alkenyl group (preferably having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably carbon number). 2 to 8, for example, vinyl, allyl, 2-butenyl, 3-pentenyl, etc.), an alkynyl group (preferably having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably carbon number). 2-8, for example, propargyl, 3-pentynyl, etc.), aryl groups (preferably having 6-30 carbon atoms) More preferably, it has 6 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include phenyl, p-methylphenyl, naphthyl and the like, and an amino group (preferably 0 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably The number of carbon atoms is 0 to 10, particularly preferably 0 to 6 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, dibenzylamino, and the like, and alkoxy groups (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Preferably it is C1-C12, Most preferably, it is C1-C8, for example, a methoxy, an ethoxy, butoxy etc. are mentioned), an aryloxy group (Preferably C6-C20, More preferably C6-C6) To 16, particularly preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, such as phenyloxy and 2-naphthyloxy). Group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include acetyl, benzoyl, formyl, pivaloyl and the like), an alkoxycarbonyl group ( Preferably it has 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl and the like, and an aryloxycarbonyl group (preferably having a carbon number). 7 to 20, more preferably 7 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 7 to 10 carbon atoms, such as phenyloxycarbonyl, etc.), acyloxy group (preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably carbon 2 to 16, particularly preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as acetoxy, benzoyloxy And so on. ), An acylamino group (preferably having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include acetylamino and benzoylamino), alkoxycarbonylamino group (Preferably having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, such as methoxycarbonylamino), aryloxycarbonylamino group (preferably having carbon number) 7 to 20, more preferably 7 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 7 to 12 carbon atoms, such as phenyloxycarbonylamino, and the like, and sulfonylamino groups (preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably Has 1 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms. And sulfamoyl group (preferably having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 0 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 0 to 12 carbon atoms, such as sulfamoyl and methylsulfamoyl). , Dimethylsulfamoyl, phenylsulfamoyl, etc.), a carbamoyl group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as carbamoyl). , Methylcarbamoyl, diethylcarbamoyl, phenylcarbamoyl, etc.), an alkylthio group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as methylthio, Ethylthio etc.), arylthio group (preferably Has 6 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, such as phenylthio, and a sulfonyl group (preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as mesyl, tosyl, etc.), sulfinyl group (preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably Has 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as methanesulfinyl, benzenesulfinyl, etc.), ureido group (preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms). For example, ureido, methylureido, phenylureido, etc.), phosphoric acid amide group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms) More preferably, it is C1-C16, Most preferably, it is C1-C12, for example, diethyl phosphoric acid amide, phenylphosphoric acid amide etc. are mentioned. ), Hydroxy group, mercapto group, halogen atom (eg fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom), cyano group, sulfo group, carboxyl group, nitro group, hydroxamic acid group, sulfino group, hydrazino group, imino group, Heterocyclic group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples of the hetero atom include a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, specifically, for example, imidazolyl, pyridyl, furyl, piperidyl Morpholino, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, etc.). These substituents may be further substituted. Moreover, when there are two or more substituents, they may be the same or different. Further, if possible, they may be linked to form a ring.
[0014]
As a substituent, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an amino group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an acyloxy group, an acylamino group, an alkoxycarbonylamino group , Aryloxycarbonylamino group, sulfonylamino group, sulfamoyl group, carbamoyl group, alkylthio group, arylthio group, sulfonyl group, sulfinyl group, ureido group, phosphoric acid amide group, halogen atom, cyano group, carboxyl group, nitro group, hetero A cyclic group, more preferably an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, and a heterocyclic group, still more preferably an alkyl group, an aryl group, a cyano group, and an aromatic heterocyclic group, Preferably Alkyl group, an aryl group, a cyano group.
[0015]
R11Preferably, a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (more preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, still more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms), an aryl group (more preferably 6 carbon atoms). To 30, more preferably an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms), a cyano group, and an aromatic heterocyclic group (more preferably a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring). is there.
[0016]
R12Represents a hydrogen atom, a cation or a substituent. The cation may be either an organic cation or an inorganic cation, such as an alkali metal ion (for example, Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+Etc.), alkaline earth metal ions (eg Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+Etc.), ammonium (eg, ammonium, tetraethylammonium, etc.), phosphonium (eg, tetrabutylphosphonium, etc.), and the like. R12As the substituent represented by R, for example, R11The above-mentioned substituents can be applied, and preferred substituents are also the same.
R12Preferably, a hydrogen atom, a cation, an alkyl group (more preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, still more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms), an aryl group (more preferably carbon atoms). An aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms), a cyano group, and an aromatic heterocyclic group (more preferably a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring). And more preferably a hydrogen atom.
[0017]
R11, R12The combination of R is preferably R11, R12When both are hydrogen atoms, R11Is an alkyl group and R12R is a hydrogen atom, R11Is an aryl group and R12R is a hydrogen atom, R11Is a cyano group and R12R is a hydrogen atom, R11Is an aromatic heterocyclic group and R12Is a hydrogen atom, more preferably R11, R12When both are hydrogen atoms, R11Is a cyano group and R12Is a hydrogen atom.
[0018]
Q11And Q12Is that6Represents a group of atoms necessary to form a member ring. ThisThese 6-membered rings may be condensed with a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring or the like. Q11, Q12Formed with6Examples of the member ring include pyrrole, imidazoline, imidazole, benzimidazole, naphthimidazole, thiazoline, thiazole, benzthiazole, naphthothiazole, isothiazole, oxazoline, oxazole, benzoxazole, naphthoxazole, isoxazole, selenazoline, selenazole, benz Selenazole, naphthoselenazole, indole, isoindole, indolenine, pyrazole, indazole, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, purine, phthalazine, naphthyridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, pteridine, carboline, phenanthridine , Pteridine, phenanthroline, perimidine, tetrazaindene, etc. Jin, quinoline, isoquinoline, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, purine, phthalazine, naphthyridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, more preferably pyridine, quinoline. Q11, Q12Formed with6The member ring may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include R11What was mentioned as a substituent of can be applied. Of the compounds represented by the general formula (I), a compound represented by the general formula (Ia) is preferable.
[0019]
[Chemical formula 5]
[0020]
(Wherein R11Are synonymous with those in formula (I), and preferred ranges are also the same. Q11aAnd Q12aEach represents an atomic group forming a pyridine ring or a quinoline ring. Q11a, Q12aThe pyridine ring and quinoline ring formed by may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include R11What was mentioned as a substituent of can be applied. )
The complexes represented by the formulas (B) to (D) of the present invention have the following general formula ( II ).
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(Wherein R twenty one Represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. R twenty two Is a hydrogen atom, cation or substitution
Represents a group. X 1 And X 2 Are oxygen atom, sulfur atom, selenium atom, CR x1 (R x2 ),
NR x3 (R x1 , R x2 , R x3 Each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. ). Q twenty one And
And Q twenty two Each represents an atomic group necessary to form a 5-membered ring. )
Rtwenty oneRepresents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Examples of the substituent include R in the general formula (I).11What was mentioned as a substituent of can be applied. Rtwenty onePreferably, a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (more preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, still more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms), an aryl group (more preferably 6 carbon atoms). To 30, more preferably an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms), a cyano group, and an aromatic heterocyclic group (more preferably a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring). is there.
[0021]
Rtwenty twoRepresents a hydrogen atom, a cation or a substituent. The cation may be either an organic cation or an inorganic cation, such as an alkali metal ion (for example, Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+Etc.), alkaline earth metal ions (eg Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+Etc.), ammonium (eg, ammonium, tetraethylammonium, etc.), phosphonium (eg, tetrabutylphosphonium, etc.), and the like. Rtwenty twoAs the substituent represented by, for example, R in the general formula (I)11The above-mentioned substituents can be applied, and preferred substituents are also the same.
Rtwenty twoPreferably, a hydrogen atom, a cation, an alkyl group (more preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, still more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms), an aryl group (more preferably carbon atoms). An aryl group having 6 to 30, more preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms), a cyano group, and an aromatic heterocyclic group (more preferably a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring). And more preferably a hydrogen atom.
[0022]
Rtwenty one, Rtwenty twoThe combination of R is preferably Rtwenty one, Rtwenty twoWhen both are hydrogen atoms, Rtwenty oneIs an alkyl group and Rtwenty twoR is a hydrogen atom, Rtwenty oneIs an aryl group and Rtwenty twoR is a hydrogen atom, Rtwenty oneIs a cyano group and Rtwenty twoR is a hydrogen atom, Rtwenty oneIs an aromatic heterocyclic group and Rtwenty twoIs a hydrogen atom, more preferably Rtwenty one, Rtwenty twoWhen both are hydrogen atoms, Rtwenty oneIs a cyano group and Rtwenty twoIs a hydrogen atom.
[0023]
X1And X2Are oxygen atom, sulfur atom, selenium atom, CRx1(Rx2), NRx3(Rx1, Rx2, Rx3Each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. ). ) Rx1, Rx2, Rx3As the substituent represented by, for example, R in the general formula (I)11What was mentioned as a substituent of can be applied.
Rx1, Rx2Preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, still more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms), an aryl group (more preferably 6 to 6 carbon atoms). 30, more preferably an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms), an aromatic heterocyclic group (more preferably a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring), and more preferably Is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, more preferably a lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably methyl or ethyl.
Rx3Preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, still more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms), an aryl group (more preferably 6 to 6 carbon atoms). 30, more preferably an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms), an aromatic heterocyclic group (more preferably a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring), and more preferably Is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, more preferably a lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably methyl or ethyl.
X1, X2Preferably, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, CRx1(Rx2), NRx3More preferably, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, NRx3It is.
[0024]
Qtwenty oneAnd Qtwenty twoEach represents an atomic group necessary to form a 5-membered ring. These 5-membered rings may be condensed with a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring or the like. Qtwenty one, Qtwenty twoThe five-membered ring formed by may be either a single ring or a condensed ring, such as imidazoline, imidazole, benzimidazole, naphthimidazole, thiazoline, thiazole, benzthiazole, naphthothiazole, isothiazole, oxazoline, oxazole, benzoxazole. , Naphthoxazole, isoxazole, selenazoline, selenazole, benzselenazole, naphthselenazole, indole, indolenine, pyrazole, indazole, purine, tetrazaindene, triazole, tetrazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, etc., preferably Imidazole, benzimidazole, naphthimidazole, thiazole, benzthiazole, naphthothiazole, oxazole, benzoxazole, na Tookisazoru or an indolenine, more preferably benzimidazole, naphthoimidazole, benzthiazole, naphthothiazole, benzoxazole, naphthoxazole, an indolenine.
[0025]
Of the compounds represented by the general formula (II), a compound represented by the general formula (II-a) is preferable.
[0026]
[Chemical 6]
[0027]
(Wherein Rtwenty one, X1, X2Are the same as those in formula (II), and the preferred ranges are also the same. Rtwenty three, Rtwenty four, Rtwenty fiveAnd R26Each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Rtwenty three~ R26As the substituent represented by, for example, R in the general formula (I)11What was mentioned as a substituent of can be applied.
Rtwenty three, Rtwenty four, Rtwenty five, R26Preferably a hydrogen atom, Rtwenty threeAnd Rtwenty four, Rtwenty fiveAnd R26Linked to a condensed ring (e.g., benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, imidazoline, imidazole, benzimidazole, naphthimidazole, thiazolidine, thiazole, benzthiazole, naphthothiazole, isothiazole, oxazoline, oxazole, benzoxazole, naphthoxazole, isoxazole, Selenazole, benzselenazole, naphthoselenazole, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, indole, isoindole, indolenine, pyrazole, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, indazole, purine, phthalazine, naphthyridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, pteridine, phenanth Lysine, pteridine, phenanthroline, tetrazaindene, etc.) Ku is a hydrogen atom, Rtwenty threeAnd Rtwenty four, Rtwenty fiveAnd R26Are linked to form an aromatic condensed ring, more preferably Rtwenty threeAnd Rtwenty four, Rtwenty fiveAnd R26Are linked to form a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring. )
[0028]
Of the compounds represented by the general formula (II), a compound represented by the general formula (II-b) is more preferable.
[0029]
[Chemical 7]
[0030]
(Wherein Rtwenty one, X1, X2Are the same as those in formula (II), and the preferred ranges are also the same. Rb1And Rb2Each represents a substituent. Rb1, Rb2As the substituent represented by, for example, R in the general formula (I)11What was mentioned as a substituent represented by these is applicable, and its preferable range is also the same. n1And n2Each represents an integer from 0 to 4 and n1, N2R is 2 or more, Rb1, Rb2May be the same or different from each other, and if possible, may be linked to form a ring. )
[0031]
The compounds represented by the general formulas (I) and (II) may be low molecular weight compounds, or high molecular weight compounds in which the residues represented by the general formulas (I) and (II) are connected to the polymer main chain. It may be a molecular weight compound or a high molecular weight compound having a skeleton of general formulas (I) and (II) in the main chain. In the case of a high molecular weight compound, it may be a homopolymer or a copolymer with another monomer.
Further, although the general formulas (I) and (II) are represented by an extreme structural formula for convenience, they may be tautomers thereof.
[0032]
Less thanOneSpecific examples of the compounds represented by formulas (I) and (II) are shown.The The complexes represented by the formulas (A) to (D) of the present invention can form I-1, 2, II-1, 2, 5, 12, 14, 20 of the following specific examples as ligands.
[0033]
[Chemical 8]
[0034]
[Chemical 9]
[0035]
[Chemical Formula 10]
[0036]
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[0037]
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[0038]
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[0039]
The metal ion of the complex formed from the compounds represented by the general formulas (I) and (II) is preferably a divalent or trivalent cation, more preferably Be.2+, Mg2+, Al3+, Ga3+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ce3+, Eu3+, Eu2+, Tb3+And more preferably Al3+, Zn2+And particularly preferably Zn2+It is. Less thanOneSpecific examples of complexes having the compounds represented by formulas (I) and (II) as ligands are shown.The In the following specific examples, K-1 to 3 and K-30 correspond to the formulas (A) to (D) according to the present invention.
[0040]
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[0041]
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[0042]
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[0043]
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[0044]
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[0045]
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[0046]
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[0047]
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[0048]
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[0049]
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[0050]
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[0051]
oneComplexes formed from compounds represented by general formulas (I), (II) and general formulas (I), (II) can be synthesized by various methods. For example, Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol 54, 786. (1988), ibid., Vol. 63, 436 (1998), Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 35, 3 (1996), Journal of Organicchemical Chemistry, vol. 489, 107 (1995), Journal of Physic. , Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, 16, 2457 (1992), Inorganica Chemical Acta, vo. 174, 169 (1990), Transition Metal Chemistry, vol 13, 423 (1988), Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communication, 490 (1986), Analytical Chemistry 69 A44. Can be applied. Further, the metal complex of the present invention can be synthesized from the compounds represented by the general formulas (I) and (II) and various metals or metal salts. As the metal salt, although not particularly limited, halogen salts such as nitrates and hydrochlorides, carboxylates such as sulfates and acetates, phosphonates, sulfonates, hydroxides, alkoxides, and the like are preferably used. Nitrate, hydrochloride, sulfate and acetate are preferred. The molar ratio of the compound represented by the general formulas (I) and (II) and the metal salt used when synthesizing the metal complex is appropriately selected according to the complex to be synthesized. ), (II) is 0.1 to 10 times mol, preferably 0.5 to 8 times mol, more preferably 0.5 to 6 times mol. A base can be used in the synthesis of the complex. As the base, various inorganic or organic bases can be used. For example, metal hydroxide (for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.), metal carbonate (for example, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, etc.), metal bicarbonate The use of an organic base (for example, triethylamine, sodium alkoxide, or the like) is preferable (for example, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, etc.) The amount of the base used is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 equivalents to 30 equivalents, more preferably 1 equivalents to 10 equivalents, relative to the compounds represented by the general formulas (I) and (II). In the synthesis of the metal complex, a solvent may be used. The solvent is not particularly limited, but water, alcohols (for example, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, etc.), esters (for example, ethyl acetate), ethers (for example, Diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, etc.), amides (eg, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, etc.), nitriles (eg, acetonitrile, etc.), ketones (eg, acetone, cyclohexanone, etc.), hydrocarbons (eg, hexane, Benzene, toluene, etc.), halogenated hydrocarbons (eg, dichloromethane, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, etc.), carboxylic acids (eg, acetic acid, etc.), and the like can be used. Moreover, you may mix and use these solvents. As the solvent, alcohols, ethers, and ketones are preferable, alcohols are more preferable, and methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol are particularly preferable. The reaction temperature for synthesizing the metal complex is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 150 ° C, preferably 10 to 100 ° C, and more preferably 10 to 80 ° C.
[0052]
In the following, the present inventionComplexThe synthesis method will be described with a specific example.
Synthesis Example 1 Synthesis of Illustrative Compound II-2 2-Aminothiophenol 25.0 g (0.20 mol) and diethyl malonate 17.2 g (0.10 mol) were mixed, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 200 ° C. for 3 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After cooling to room temperature, it was washed with ethyl acetate / saturated brine, and the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure, 21.0 g (0.0745 mol) of Compound II-2 was obtained by recrystallization from ethyl acetate / n-hexane. Yield 75%
[0053]
Synthesis Example 2 Synthesis of Exemplary Compound K-1
Illustrative Compound II-2 1.41 g (4.99 mmol) was dissolved in 30 ml of methanol, and 1.1 ml (5.36 mmol) of a 28% methanol solution of sodium methoxide was added to the solution stirred at room temperature. A solution of 0.55 g (2.51 mmol) of zinc acetate dihydrate / 7 ml of methanol was added dropwise. After stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, the precipitated solid was collected by filtration and recrystallized from chloroform / methanol to obtain 1.12 g (1.78 mmol) of Illustrative Compound K-1 as a yellow solid. Yield 71%
[0054]
The light-emitting device of the present invention is a device in which a plurality of organic compound thin films including a light-emitting layer or a light-emitting layer are formed between a pair of anode and cathode electrodes. In addition to the light-emitting layer, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, and an electron injection It may have a layer, an electron transport layer, a protective layer, etc., and each of these layers may have other functions. Various materials can be used for forming each layer.
[0055]
The anode supplies holes to a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and the like, and a metal, an alloy, a metal oxide, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof can be used. Is a material having a work function of 4 eV or more. Specific examples include conductive metal oxides such as tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide and indium tin oxide (ITO), metals such as gold, silver, chromium and nickel, and these metals and conductive metal oxides. Inorganic conductive materials such as copper iodide and copper sulfide, organic conductive materials such as polyaniline, polythiophene, and polypyrrole, and laminates of these with ITO, preferably conductive metals It is an oxide, and ITO is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of productivity, high conductivity, transparency, and the like. Although the film thickness of the anode can be appropriately selected depending on the material, it is usually preferably in the range of 10 nm to 5 μm, more preferably 50 nm to 1 μm, still more preferably 100 nm to 500 nm.
[0056]
As the anode, a layer formed on a soda-lime glass, non-alkali glass, a transparent resin substrate or the like is usually used. When glass is used, it is preferable to use non-alkali glass as the material in order to reduce ions eluted from the glass. Moreover, when using soda-lime glass, it is preferable to use what gave barrier coatings, such as a silica. The thickness of the substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is sufficient to maintain the mechanical strength, but when glass is used, a thickness of 0.2 mm or more, preferably 0.7 mm or more is usually used.
Various methods are used for producing the anode depending on the material. For example, in the case of ITO, an electron beam method, a sputtering method, a resistance heating vapor deposition method, a chemical reaction method (such as a sol-gel method), an indium tin oxide dispersion A film is formed by a method such as coating.
The anode can be subjected to cleaning or other treatments to lower the drive voltage of the element or increase the light emission efficiency. For example, in the case of ITO, UV-ozone treatment is effective.
[0057]
The cathode supplies electrons to the electron injection layer, the electron transport layer, the light emitting layer, etc., and the adhesion, ionization potential, stability, etc., between the negative electrode and the adjacent layer such as the electron injection layer, electron transport layer, light emitting layer, etc. Selected in consideration of As the material of the cathode, a metal, an alloy, a metal oxide, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof can be used. Specific examples include alkali metals (for example, Li, Na, K, etc.) or fluorides thereof, alkaline earths. Metals (for example, Mg, Ca, etc.) or fluorides thereof, gold, silver, lead, aluminum, sodium-potassium alloy or mixed metal thereof, lithium-aluminum alloy or mixed metal thereof, magnesium-silver alloy or mixed thereof Examples thereof include metals, rare earth metals such as indium and ytterbium, preferably a material having a work function of 4 eV or less, more preferably aluminum, lithium-aluminum alloy or mixed metal thereof, magnesium-silver alloy or mixed metal thereof Etc. The film thickness of the cathode can be appropriately selected depending on the material, but is usually preferably in the range of 10 nm to 5 μm, more preferably 50 nm to 1 μm, still more preferably 100 nm to 1 μm.
For production of the cathode, methods such as an electron beam method, a sputtering method, a resistance heating vapor deposition method, and a coating method are used, and a metal can be vapor-deposited alone or two or more components can be vapor-deposited simultaneously. Furthermore, a plurality of metals can be vapor-deposited simultaneously to form an alloy electrode, or a previously prepared alloy may be vapor-deposited.
The sheet resistance of the anode and the cathode is preferably low, and is preferably several hundred Ω / □ or less.
[0058]
The material of the light emitting layer is a function that can inject holes from the anode or hole injection layer, hole transport layer and cathode or electron injection layer, electron transport layer when an electric field is applied, Any layer can be used as long as it can form a layer having a function of moving injected charges and a function of emitting light by providing a recombination field of holes and electrons. Preferably in the light emitting layer of the present inventionComplexOf the present invention.ComplexOther luminescent materials can also be used. For example, benzoxazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, benzothiazole derivatives, styrylbenzene derivatives, polyphenyl derivatives, diphenylbutadiene derivatives, tetraphenylbutadiene derivatives, naphthalimide derivatives, coumarin derivatives, perylene derivatives, perinone derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, aldazine derivatives , Pyraziridine derivatives, cyclopentadiene derivatives, bisstyrylanthracene derivatives, quinacridone derivatives, pyrrolopyridine derivatives, thiadiazolopyridine derivatives, cyclopentadiene derivatives, styrylamine derivatives, aromatic dimethylidin compounds, 8-quinolinol derivatives, metal complexes and rare earth complexes Representative metal complexes, polymer compounds such as polythiophene, polyphenylene, polyphenylene vinylene, etc. And the like. Although the film thickness of a light emitting layer is not specifically limited, Usually, the thing of the range of 1 nm-5 micrometers is preferable, More preferably, it is 5 nm-1 micrometer, More preferably, it is 10 nm-500 nm. The method for forming the light emitting layer is not particularly limited, but methods such as resistance heating vapor deposition, electron beam, sputtering, molecular lamination method, coating method (spin coating method, casting method, dip coating method, etc.), LB method, etc. Are preferably used, such as resistance heating vapor deposition and coating.
[0059]
The material of the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer has any one of the function of injecting holes from the anode, the function of transporting holes, and the function of blocking electrons injected from the cathode. That's fine. Specific examples include carbazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives. , Fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aromatic tertiary amine compounds, styrylamine compounds, aromatic dimethylidin compounds, porphyrin compounds, polysilane compounds, poly (N-vinylcarbazole) derivatives, aniline compounds Examples thereof include conductive polymer oligomers such as copolymers, thiophene oligomers, and polythiophenes. The film thicknesses of the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer are not particularly limited, but are usually preferably in the range of 1 nm to 5 μm, more preferably 5 nm to 1 μm, and still more preferably 10 nm to 500 nm. . The hole injection layer and the hole transport layer may have a single-layer structure composed of one or more of the materials described above, or may have a multilayer structure composed of a plurality of layers having the same composition or different compositions.
As a method for forming the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer, a vacuum deposition method, an LB method, a method in which the hole injection / transport agent is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent (a spin coating method, a casting method, a dip coating method). Etc.) are used. In the case of the coating method, it can be dissolved or dispersed together with the resin component. Examples of the resin component include polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyester, polysulfone, polyphenylene oxide, polybutadiene, and poly (N -Vinyl carbazole), hydrocarbon resin, ketone resin, phenoxy resin, polyamide, ethyl cellulose, vinyl acetate, ABS resin, polyurethane, melamine resin, unsaturated polyester resin, alkyd resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin, and the like.
[0060]
The material for the electron injection layer and the electron transport layer may be any material having any one of a function of injecting electrons from the cathode, a function of transporting electrons, and a function of blocking holes injected from the anode. Specific examples include triazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, anthraquinodimethane derivatives, anthrone derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyrandioxide derivatives, carbodiimide derivatives, fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, distyryl. Various metal complexes such as pyrazine derivatives, heterocyclic tetracarboxylic anhydrides such as naphthaleneperylene, metal complexes of phthalocyanine derivatives, 8-quinolinol derivatives, metal phthalocyanines, metal complexes having benzoxazole and benzothiazole as ligands, etc. Is mentioned. Although the film thickness of an electron injection layer and an electron carrying layer is not specifically limited, The thing of the range of 1 nm-5 micrometers is preferable normally, More preferably, it is 5 nm-1 micrometer, More preferably, it is 10 nm-500 nm. The electron injection layer and the electron transport layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above-described materials, or may have a multilayer structure composed of a plurality of layers having the same composition or different compositions.
As a method for forming the electron injection layer and the electron transport layer, a vacuum deposition method, an LB method, a method of coating by dissolving or dispersing the electron injection transport agent in a solvent (spin coating method, cast method, dip coating method, etc.), etc. Is used. In the case of the coating method, it can be dissolved or dispersed together with the resin component. As the resin component, for example, those exemplified in the case of the hole injection transport layer can be applied.
[0061]
As a material for the protective layer, any material may be used as long as it has a function of preventing substances that promote device deterioration such as moisture and oxygen from entering the device. Specific examples thereof include metals such as In, Sn, Pb, Au, Cu, Ag, Al, Ti, and Ni, MgO, SiO, and SiO.2, Al2OThree, GeO, NiO, CaO, BaO, Fe2OThree, Y2OThreeTiO2Metal oxide such as MgF2, LiF, AlFThree, CaF2Metal fluorides such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyimide, polyurea, polytetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polydichlorodifluoroethylene, copolymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene and dichlorodifluoroethylene, tetrafluoro A copolymer obtained by copolymerizing a monomer mixture containing ethylene and at least one comonomer, a fluorinated copolymer having a cyclic structure in the copolymer main chain, a water-absorbing substance having a water absorption of 1% or more, a water absorption Examples include a moisture-proof substance of 0.1% or less.
There is no particular limitation on the method for forming the protective layer. For example, vacuum deposition, sputtering, reactive sputtering, MBE (molecular beam epitaxy), cluster ion beam, ion plating, plasma polymerization (high frequency excitation ions) Plating method), plasma CVD method, laser CVD method, thermal CVD method, gas source CVD method, coating method can be applied.
[0062]
【Example】
EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
After etching and cleaning the glass substrate with ITO, copper phthalocyanine is 5 nm thick, N, N'-Diphenyl-N, N'−The(1-Naphthyl) -1,1'-Biphenyl-4,4'-Vacuum deposition (8 x 10) in this order so that diamine is 35 nm, compound of Table 1 is 50 nm, and tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (III) is 10 nm.-6~ 1x10-FiveTorr). A mask patterned to 5 mm × 5 mm was placed thereon, and magnesium: silver = 10: 1 was co-deposited with 250 nm, and then 300 nm of silver was deposited (8 × 10 8-6~ 1x10-FiveTorr).
Using a source measure unit type 2400 made by Toyo Technica, applying a constant DC voltage to the EL element with ITO as the anode and Mg: Ag as the cathode, the luminance is measured by Topcon's luminance meter BM-8, emission wavelength, color The degree coordinates were measured using a spectrum analyzer PMA-11 manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0063]
[Table 1]
[0064]
Embedded image
[0065]
From the results shown in Table 1, blue light emission with high luminance and high color purity was obtained with the device using the compound of the present invention.
[0066]
Example 2
40 mg of poly (N-vinylcarbazole), 1 mg of the compound shown in Table 2, and 12 mg of PBD (pt-butylphenylbiphenyloxadiazole) are dissolved in 3 ml of 1,2-dichloroethane and spin-coated on the cleaned ITO substrate. did. The film thickness at this time was about 120 nm. Next, a mask patterned to 5 mm × 5 mm was placed, and magnesium: silver = 10: 1 was co-evaporated to 250 nm in a deposition apparatus, and then 300 nm of silver was deposited (8 × 10 8-6~ 1x10-FiveTorr). This element was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0067]
[Table 2]
[0068]
From the above results, a device using the compound of the present invention can obtain good light emission characteristics (light emission luminance, hue) even with a coating method which is usually considered to have low light emission luminance, and particularly an element excellent in terms of blue purity can be obtained. It was.
[0069]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, an organic EL device having excellent blue purity can be obtained. In particular, a good light emission characteristic can be obtained even with a coating method having a low luminance, and it is possible to fabricate an element advantageous in terms of manufacturing cost.
Claims (5)
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| JP17166698A JP3835783B2 (en) | 1998-06-18 | 1998-06-18 | Organic electroluminescent device material and organic electroluminescent device using the same |
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| JP17166698A JP3835783B2 (en) | 1998-06-18 | 1998-06-18 | Organic electroluminescent device material and organic electroluminescent device using the same |
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| JP3835783B2 true JP3835783B2 (en) | 2006-10-18 |
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| JP2003332074A (en) | 2002-05-09 | 2003-11-21 | Canon Inc | Light emitting device using metal coordination compound |
| CN104250269B (en) | 2007-05-21 | 2018-01-05 | 欧司朗Oled股份有限公司 | Phosphorescent metal complex compound, containing its transmitting radiating element and its preparation method |
| US9139764B2 (en) | 2007-09-28 | 2015-09-22 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Organic radiation-emitting component |
| KR101745039B1 (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2017-06-08 | 스미토모 세이카 가부시키가이샤 | Composition for ultraviolet ray-absorbable member, and ultraviolet ray-absorbable member comprising same |
| JP2014101394A (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2014-06-05 | Sumitomo Seika Chem Co Ltd | Composition for an ultraviolet absorbing member and ultraviolet absorbing member using the same |
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