JP3842266B2 - Crop growth protection sheet and cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to growth protective sheet for use in this method as a method of cultivating crops, the details, like potato seedlings sweet potato, used in this process and cultivation method for growing planted in ridges formed in the soil It is intended for crop growth protection sheets .

Satsuma mushrooms are cultivated by planting seedlings that connect the vines of the Satsuma mushrooms to a part of the leaves. The vine is embedded in the soil in a posture that extends obliquely downward or horizontally along the length of the cocoon. Leave the leaves on the surface of the bud. New shoots emerge from some of the vines buried in the soil and grow upward. Roots emerge from the vines in the soil, and cocoons grow. The rooting from the vine and taking root in the soil is called “establishment”. Leaves that were originally in the seedlings wither or fall off.
By covering the straw with a multi-film (mulch) made of black resin film, etc., the disease of crops is prevented, the soil of the straw is moisturized and kept warm, the growth of weeds is suppressed, the rain In order to prevent the soil from collapsing. Usually, at the same time as the work for constructing the kite or after the kite is constructed, a roll-shaped multi-film is spread along the kite to cover the entire kite. Place the soil on the multi-film on both sides of the heel and press it down so that the multi-film fits exactly the three-dimensional shape of the heel.

To plant a seedling in a cocoon covered with multi-film, cut the multi-film at the top of the cocoon to form a planting hole, dig the soil exposed in the planting hole, and part of the seedling into the soil Embed. In addition, in order for the new shoots that emerge from the planted seedlings to grow well, the place where the buds grow needs to be exposed to sunlight. Good ventilation and water flow are desired. It is desirable to have planting holes in the multi-film in areas where the multi-film, which is a black resin film, covers, in a wider range than the areas where buds may emerge from the vines.
However, if the planting hole is left open, there is a concern that the soil in that part will be too dry, the heat retention will deteriorate, and weeds will grow.

Therefore, in the traditional traditional cultivation method, covering the planting hole and covering the planted vine seedling vines, laying the cocoons, and laying the cocoon seedling vines well, It is done to pile up a clay pier on top and make it a heavy stone. When new shoots grow from the vines of the seedlings, the new shoots can easily grow through the gaps between the buds.
The cultivation technique which improved such a traditional cultivation method is also proposed.
In Patent Document 1, a black light blocking area is provided in a part of the width direction of the multi-film, a transparent film such as a circular shape is intermittently provided in the light blocking area, and the transparent film is easily broken. The technology to keep is disclosed. When the seedlings are planted and covered with multi-film, the multi-film light-blocking area keeps the soil warm and suppresses weeds, and the seed film germinates and shoots grow from the transparent film where solar radiation passes. The shoots grow upward through the cuts in the transparent film.

If such a multi-film is used, the work of making a planting hole in the multi-film becomes unnecessary, so that the burden on the farmer can be reduced.
JP-A-8-9770

In the conventional cultivation method described above, there is a problem that the growth of agricultural products such as sweet potatoes becomes insufficient or the cultivation cost is high.
In the method of covering the planting hole opened in the multi-film with a cocoon and placing the soil pier, it is necessary to perform a very troublesome work of manually laying the cocoon and making an earthen pier at each planting site of the seedling. The work performed by sitting in the field or bending the waist is very hard work, and the work efficiency is extremely low.
The multi-film described in Patent Document 1 must partially form a black light-blocking region and a transparent portion in one film, and its manufacture is quite difficult. If a transparent film or a black sheet is laminated one by one, the production cost of the multi-film will increase. Since multi-film is renewed every year, the cost of multi-film rebounds greatly from the cost of producing crops.

If the intermittently arranged circular transparent film is not arranged accurately above the seedling, the growth of shoots from the seedling cannot be sufficiently performed. It takes considerable skill to lay the multi-film on the whole cocoon so that all the transparent film parts of the multi-film exactly coincide with the embedded part of the seedling. If the multi-film laying work becomes difficult, the work efficiency of the whole farm work will decrease.
Increasing the area of the transparent film increases the possibility of the transparent film being placed in the area where the seedlings are embedded, but strong solar radiation hits the soil in the area of the wide transparent film, making it easier for weeds to grow. There is a problem that heat is easily dissipated and heat retention is lowered. The original purpose of using the multi-film cannot be achieved.

Furthermore, in the said method, it is necessary to lay a multi film after planting a seedling in a cocoon. If the multi-film laying operation is to be carried out efficiently using a large-sized machine, there is a possibility of damaging the pods or planted seedlings. In particular, if the seedling vines and leaves are completely suppressed under the multi-film, the growth of shoots from the seedling vines will deteriorate.
The subject of this invention is enabling it to reduce the burden of a farm worker, without impairing the growth of crops, such as a sweet potato, in the cultivation method of the crop using a multi film.

The method for cultivating crops according to the present invention includes:
A cultivation method for planting and growing seedlings of crops on a cocoon formed in soil, the step of covering the cocoon of the soil with a multifilm (a), and the step of opening a planting hole in the multifilm (b), A step (c) of planting the crop seedlings from the multi-film planting hole to the ridge, and the growth protection sheet is disposed on the surface of the multi-film so as to close the planting hole. And (d) bonding the growth protective sheet to the multi-film by bringing the adhesive surface into contact with the surface of the multi-film,
The growth protection sheet is made of a sheet material that has air permeability, water permeability and light permeability and has a band shape wider than the width of the multi-film planting hole, and the sheet material has a linear shape in the width direction. None The easy passage part through which the shoots of the seedlings can easily pass by their growth power is in the range of 10 to 80% with respect to the entire width, leaving both sides, and with an interval of 3 to 10 cm in the length direction. Use the growth protection sheet provided in parallel,
It is characterized by that .
And the growth protection sheet of this invention used for the cultivation method of the crop concerning the said invention,
Breathable, have a water permeability and light transmission properties, made from a sheet material of the wider band than the width of the planting holes of the multi-film,
In this sheet material, the easy passage part which is straight in the width direction and through which the seedlings can easily pass due to the growth force of the shoots is in the range of 10 to 80% with respect to the total width, leaving both sides, and It is provided in parallel in the length direction with an interval of 3 to 10 cm, and is disposed on the adhesive surface disposed on the back side of the both sides and at the location corresponding to the adhesive surface on the surface side of both sides. With an easily peelable surface,
It is characterized by that .
〔crops〕
It is a crop that grows by planting seedlings in the straw formed in the soil.

Specifically, in addition to the above-mentioned sweet potatoes, potatoes such as taro and small persimmons, fruits such as persimmons and potatoes, and vegetables such as onions are included. Agricultural crop seedlings include roots, vines, stems, leaves and seed pods. In the case of a sweet potato, a seedling with a leaf attached to a part of a vine having a certain length is planted. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is effective for crops in which a vine portion is planted as a seedling, such as a sweet potato. It is effective when planting vines by extending the vines diagonally downward or horizontally in a long time.
[Multi film]
Usual agricultural multi-film can be used.

In general, it is made of a synthetic resin film such as polyethylene, and is colored black, grayish white, silver, white or the like to enhance heat retention. Biodegradable resin films are also used.
The multi-film has a band shape and has a width sufficient to cover one or more ridges.
After the multi-film is applied over the cocoon, the multi-film penetrates a planting hole for planting crop seedlings. For this reason, it is necessary to have processability or easy passage through which planting holes can be formed.
[Growth protection sheet]
Arranged on a multi-film placed over the reed, it functions to improve the survival of crop seedlings, promote the growth of crops, and protect crops.

  A band shape wider than the width of the planting hole formed in the multi-film is formed, and the planting hole can be closed in a construction state. The width of the growth protection sheet is usually set in a range of 10 to 50 cm, although it varies depending on use conditions. If the width of the growth protection sheet is too wide compared to the width of the planting hole, it is useless and the manufacturing cost is high. The length of the growth protection sheet can be set according to the length of the ridge or the multi-film. It is desirable to have at least a length corresponding to the entire length of one ridge. If it is a long roll-shaped sheet, it can be cut into a required length and used. It is also possible to install a growth protection sheet of a certain length and install it over the entire length of the basket.

The growth protection sheet is made of a sheet material and includes an easy-passing portion, an adhesive surface, and an easy-release surface.
[Sheet material]
The sheet material constituting the main body portion of the growth protection sheet needs to have air permeability, water permeability and light permeability.
When used in an outdoor environment, it is desirable that the weather resistance is such that it does not easily collapse or be damaged at least during the period when it is necessary to protect the growth of crops. Those having mechanical strength that can withstand construction and handling are preferred. The light transmittance is not required to be as light as that of a transparent material, and it is sufficient to transmit light that does not inhibit the growth of seedlings. The same applies to air permeability and water permeability.

Specific materials that can be used include paper, non-woven fabric, knitted fabric, and synthetic resin sheet. If it is a biodegradable material or a material that does not generate harmful gases during incineration, it can be easily disposed of after use. In this respect, a paper material is preferable. As the paper material, crepe paper, embossed paper or the like can be used. A composite sheet material combining a plurality of materials can also be used. Paper towel paper can be used.
The sheet material may be a non-colored material exhibiting the color of the material itself, or may be colored. It can also be colored in the same color as the multifilm.
The thickness of the sheet material varies depending on the type of material, but can usually be set in the range of 0.05 to 1.0 mm. In the case of paper materials and the like, the basis weight can be set in the range of ²⁰ to 100 g / m ² .

The width of the sheet material is set to be the same as or slightly narrower than the entire width of the growth protection sheet. When the adhesive tape described later is disposed so as to protrude from both sides of the sheet material, the width of the sheet material can be set in consideration of the amount of protrusion of the adhesive tape.
[Easy passage section]
With respect to the sheet material which is the main body portion of the growth protection sheet, the sheet material is intermittently arranged at the center in the width direction to form a linear shape. The easy passage part has characteristics and a structure that can be easily passed by natural growth such as shoots, vines and stems extending from seedlings.
Specifically, a linear cut that penetrates the sheet material can be employed. If it is a linear cut, it can pass through the gap of the cut so that the stems and vines of the seedlings spread. A continuous line-shaped cut having a certain length or more has less resistance to passage. If the linear cut is too long, the cut may open naturally during and after the construction of the growth protection sheet, exposing the straw soil. If the cut is short, the cut will not open unexpectedly, but the passage resistance of the seedlings will increase. If the sheet material on both sides is overlapped at the linear cut portion, the cut is less likely to open.

If it is a dotted line-like cut, it will not be possible to open the cut, and it is possible not only to pass through the penetrating part of the dotted line with the growth of seedlings, but also to break through the connecting part connecting the penetrating parts . In the dotted line-like cuts, the short cuts and connecting portions are alternately arranged in a line. By shortening the connecting portion, it can be easily cut.
A weak line in which the thickness of the sheet material is partially weakened can be adopted instead of the cuts penetrating the sheet material. Weak lines are less likely to open naturally. However, a certain amount of force is required for the seedlings to pass. You can also combine weak lines and breaks.
A linear easy passage part can be provided so that it may extend in the length direction, width direction, or inclination direction of a growth protection sheet. In the direction in which the linear easy passage part extends, the seedlings can extend at an arbitrary position. However, when a force in a direction perpendicular to the linear easy-passing part is applied, the easy-passing part is easily opened or the sheet material is easily torn from both ends of the easy-passing part. The direction in which the linear easy passage portion extends can be set in accordance with the characteristics of the crop and the cultivation conditions. When the growth protection sheet is continuously produced or wound into a roll, it is easier to handle if the linear easy passage portion extends in the width direction of the growth protection sheet.

The easy passage portion may be configured by a single straight line, or may be configured by combining a plurality of straight lines such as crosshairs and radiation. Curves such as arc lines can also be used.
The total length of one line constituting the easy-passing part varies depending on the combination structure of the lines constituting the easy-passing part, but can usually be set in the range of 1 to 20 cm.
In the width direction of the growth protection sheet, the range in which the easy-passing portion is arranged can be set to a range in which the seedlings are extended. If the easy-passing portion exists to a position close to both sides of the growth protection sheet, the growth protection sheet is easily cut or torn. Specifically, the arrangement range of the easy passage portion can be set to a range of 10 to 80% with respect to the entire width of the growth protection sheet.

In the length direction of the growth protection sheet, the easy passage portions are arranged intermittently. The installation interval of the easy passage portions can be adjusted to the planting interval of seedlings or to the occurrence interval of new shoots growing from the seedlings. For example, in the case where the easy passage portion is a straight line extending in the width direction of the growth protection sheet, it can be arranged in parallel in the length direction of the growth protection sheet with an interval of 3 to 10 cm.
[Adhesive surface and easy release surface]
<Adhesive surface>
It arrange | positions at the back surface side of a growth protection sheet, and fulfill | performs the function to join a growth protection sheet to the surface of a multi film.

An adhesive surface can be formed by applying a pressure-sensitive adhesive or a double-sided adhesive tape to the growth protection sheet. You may utilize the adhesive tape mentioned later.
As a material such as a pressure-sensitive adhesive constituting the pressure-sensitive adhesive surface, a material for forming a normal pressure-sensitive adhesive surface can be adopted as long as there is little risk of damaging crops and the environment. Any material that can be incinerated or biodegradable is preferred. A material that does not significantly reduce the adhesive performance even when exposed to rain or strong sunlight is preferred.
The adhesive surface only needs to have a certain width including at least both sides of the back surface of the growth protection sheet. Although the entire back surface of the growth protection sheet can be used as an adhesive surface, it is usually sufficient that the width is sufficient to achieve bonding to the multifilm. Specifically, although it varies depending on the dimensions of the growth protection sheet, it can usually be set in the range of 1 to 5 cm.

The adhesive surface can be continuously disposed along both sides of the growth protection sheet, or may be disposed intermittently as long as the growth protection sheet can be prevented from peeling off or falling off. In the case where the seedling vines and leaves are present on the surface of the multi-film and the growth protection sheet is joined, the adhesive surface does not have to exist at the locations corresponding to the seedling vines and leaves. Moreover, there may be a case where water permeability and ventilation can be improved where there is no adhesive surface.
<Easy peeling surface>
It is arranged at a position corresponding to the adhesive surface on the front side of the growth protection sheet. When the growth protection sheets are stacked, even if they contact the adhesive surface of the adjacent growth protection sheet, they do not stick and can be easily peeled off.

What is necessary is just to give the easy peeling process with respect to the normal adhesive material to the surface of a growth protection sheet, to form an easily peelable coating layer, or to stick an easily peelable film. If the sheet material itself that constitutes the growth protection sheet is a material that can be easily peeled off from the adhesive surface, the entire surface of the sheet material becomes the easy peeling surface without adding a special easy peeling treatment.
<Adhesive tape>
An adhesive tape can be used as a means for simultaneously configuring the adhesive surface and the easily peelable surface.
Adhesive tapes are used in various industrial technical fields for packaging, packing, and fixing and joining members. Such an adhesive tape has an adhesive layer formed by applying an adhesive on one side and an easily peelable surface that is not bonded to the adhesive layer on the opposite side by means such as resin coating. Yes. As a result, the pressure-sensitive adhesive tape is wound in a roll shape and can be pulled out and used as necessary.

By sticking such an adhesive tape on both sides of the surface of the sheet material in the form of a strip so that part of the width of the adhesive tape protrudes outside the sheet material, on the back side of the obtained growth protection sheet The adhesive layer of the adhesive tape is exposed, and an easy peeling layer is disposed on the surface side corresponding to the adhesive layer.
As an adhesive tape, what has normal materials and structures, such as a commercial product, can be used. If a paper material such as kraft paper is used as the tape substrate, disposal after use can be easily performed. A cloth substrate or a resin film substrate can also be used.
The width | variety of an adhesive tape can be set according to the width | variety of the adhesive surface which the growth protection sheet should form. For example, if the pressure-sensitive adhesive tape has a width twice as large as the width of the pressure-sensitive adhesive surface, the pressure-sensitive adhesive is bonded to the sheet material at half the width of the pressure-sensitive adhesive tape and bonded to the multi-film at half the width of the pressure-sensitive adhesive tape. The surface can be configured. If the adhesive width between the adhesive tape and the sheet material is narrowed, the ratio of the adhesive surface for joining to the multifilm can be increased.

When a growth protection sheet is produced using an adhesive tape, the production process is simplified and the production efficiency is improved. Moreover, since the adhesive tape with comparatively strong and durable exists in the both sides of a growth protection sheet, the intensity | strength and durability of a growth protection sheet improve. Since the joining portion to the multi-film is strengthened, joining work is facilitated. It is possible to prevent the growth protection sheet from being peeled off or lifted from the multi-film even when struck by strong wind or rain after construction.
[Production and handling of growth protection sheet]
The growth protection sheet can be manufactured in advance by processing an easy passage portion in a strip-shaped sheet material or by forming an adhesive surface and an easily peelable surface.

The manufactured growth protection sheet can have a release film attached to the pressure-sensitive adhesive surface so that the pressure-sensitive adhesive surface does not bond to other objects during handling. When used for cultivation of agricultural products, the adhesive surface can be exposed by peeling off the release film.
Growth protection sheets can also be stacked. If the adhesive surface of the growth protection sheet is brought into contact with the easily peelable surface of the adjacent growth protection sheet, it can be easily peeled off during use.
The growth protection sheet can be wound in the form of a roll with the adhesive surface facing inward and the easy-release surface facing outward, in the same manner as a normal adhesive tape or adhesive sheet. Such a wound-roll-like growth protection sheet is easy to handle in transportation storage and distribution sales. Even when used for cultivation of agricultural crops, construction work is easy if the growth protection sheet is sequentially pulled out from the end of the winding roll and pasted on the multi-film.

In addition, the sheet material which does not have an adhesive surface is prepared, the adhesive agent which forms an adhesive surface is apply | coated to a sheet material in the stage used for cultivation of agricultural products, and the obtained growth protection sheet is joined to a multi film. You can also It is also possible to prepare a growth protection sheet that does not have an easy passage part, and to form the easy passage part on the growth protection sheet with a knife or the like according to the planting state of seedlings.
[Crop cultivation method]
Basically, devices, techniques, work processes, working conditions, etc., common to cultivation methods for planting and growing crop seedlings on straw formed in normal soil can be applied.

Specifically, the following steps can be combined.
<Multi-film construction process (a)>
Usually, the fence is constructed before the multi-film is constructed. It is also possible to use an automated device that simultaneously constructs a fence and multi-film construction.
The size and interval of the cocoons vary depending on the type of crop and the cultivation conditions. Usually, the height of the ridges is set to a range of 30 to 50 cm, the width is set to 40 to 60 cm, and the pitch between the ridges is set to a range of 30 to 50 cm.
It is also possible to prepare the soil environment by applying fertilizer or preventive drugs to the straw.

Manual or automated equipment can be used to cover the fold with multi-film. It is desirable to cover the entire ridge with the multi-film adhered. A multi-film may be applied to each ridge, or a multi-film may be simultaneously applied to a plurality of ridges. The valley between the ridges and the ridges can be covered with soil to hold down the multifilm.
<Formation step of planting hole (b)>
A planting hole for cultivating crops is made in the multi-film covering the straw. This operation may also be performed manually or an automated device may be used.
Multifilm can be pierced and scored with a simple tool such as a knife or with just a hand.

The shape and size of the planting hole vary depending on conditions such as the type of crop.
For example, in the case where the seedling of the crop is a vine seedling having vines and leaves, an elongated planting hole having a length in which the vine seedling vine is planted in a posture extending along the cocoon is formed.
Since the planting hole is covered and closed with a growth protection sheet, even if a relatively large planting hole is opened, there is little adverse effect on the cultivation of crops. It is easy to perform the next planting operation, and it is sufficient to open a planting hole of a sufficient size that is suitable for the establishment of new roots, the growth and growth of shoots.
<Seedling planting step (c)>
Plant crop seedlings from the multi-film planting holes to the ridges.

The planting procedures and conditions vary depending on the crop or seedling.
For example, when the crop is a sweet potato, the vine seedling vine is embedded in the soil in a posture extending from the planting hole along the cocoon, and the leaf of the seedling is arranged in a posture extending from the planting hole to above the multifilm.
It is also possible to use an automated device that takes out the seedlings sequentially from the seedling box containing the seedlings.
<Construction process (d) of growth protection sheet>
The growth protection sheet is placed on the surface of the multifilm so as to cover the planting hole, and the growth protection sheet is bonded to the multifilm by bringing the adhesive surface of the growth protection sheet into contact with the surface of the multifilm.

When the growth protection sheet is supplied in the form of a winding roll, the winding roll is arranged above the multi-film, and the growth protection sheet is pulled out from the winding roll while following the curved shape of the surface of the multi-film. The growth protection sheet can be bent and both sides of the growth protection sheet can be attached to the surface of the multi-film.
The above work can be done manually, but an automated device can also be used. The construction apparatus for the growth protection sheet can be provided with a winding roll holding mechanism, a growth protection sheet drawing mechanism, a pressing mechanism for deforming the growth protection sheet along the curved shape of the multi-film, and the like.

If some of the seedlings are exposed to the outside from the planting hole, they can be covered with a growth protection sheet, or some of the seedlings can be exposed from the side of the growth protection sheet. You can also keep it.
For example, if the crop is a sweet potato, the growth protection sheet is placed on the surface of the multi-film covering the planting holes and a part of the seedling leaves and vines extended above the multi-film, and the adhesive surface of the growth protection sheet Can be brought into contact with the surface of the multi-film with the leaves and vines sandwiched therebetween, so that the growth protection sheet can be joined to the multi-film. In this case, the leaves and vines of the seedlings are in the state of being pressed by the adhesive surface of the growth protection sheet in the middle, but no major problems arise in the cultivation of the seedlings or the growth of the shoots. In places where the adhesive surface hits leaves or vines, the adhesive surface may not be pressed against the multi-film, or the pressing force may be weakened.

In this manner, crops are cultivated with the multi-film planting holes covered with the growth protection sheet.
Subsequent farm work such as care, fertilization, and watering may be performed in the same manner as a normal cultivation method.
<Growth of seedlings>
When new roots emerge from the vines of seedlings and settle well, and when new shoots emerge and grow, the new shoots pass through the easy-passage part of the growth protection sheet and extend above the growth protection sheet.

The growth protection sheet is light transmissive, and in particular, since an easy passage portion constituted by a through-cut or the like is likely to enter light, seedling shoots tend to extend to the easy passage portion of the growth protection sheet.
If the vines and stems of seedlings become thicker, they will grow by opening or tearing the easy-to-pass parts, leaving larger gaps. In order to promote the growth of seedlings, it is possible to take care of them by manually expanding the area where the seedlings in the easy-passage section are growing.
If the seedlings are sufficiently grown and need not be protected by the growth protection sheet, the growth protection sheet can be largely torn or peeled off.
<Functions of the growth protection sheet>
The growth protection sheet prevents the soil from being exposed by covering the planting holes of the multifilm. There is also a function to prevent the seedlings from being shaken by the power of the wind and rain. Promote the establishment of seedlings. Prevent soil drying. A good heat retention function and weed control function can also be exhibited.

Since the growth protection sheet has water permeability, even if watering or fertilization is performed from above the growth protection sheet, moisture and fertilizer can reach the soil and seedlings of the straw. Breathable growth protection sheet provides good ventilation to the soil and keeps the soil environment good. Excess water in the soil evaporates and is released through the growth protection sheet. The growth protection sheet having an appropriate light transmission allows solar energy to reach the soil and seedlings. Moreover, excessive solar radiation is blocked by the growth protection sheet. The soil in which the seedlings are planted is maintained at a moderate humidity and temperature.
<Disposal of growth protection sheet>
The growth protection sheet can be left until the crop is harvested.

When the crop is harvested, the growth protection sheet can be peeled off from the multi-film, or the portion of the growth protection sheet that is to be harvested can be cut open.
When an automated harvesting device is used, harvesting can be performed by breaking through the growth protection sheet with a harvesting tool.
When the crop is harvested, the growth protection sheet is removed together with the multi-film. The growth protection sheet can be removed at the same time using a multi-film removal device.
The removed growth protection sheet can be disposed of in the same manner as the multi-film. For example, incineration processing and landfill processing are performed. In the case of a material having biodegradability, it can be embedded in soil to allow biodegradation.

The crop growth protection sheet according to the present invention promotes the survival of planted seedlings by joining the multi-film in a state in which the planting holes formed in the multi-film covering the cocoons are closed. Good growth, protection, or improved crop yield.
Even if the planting hole is closed, the grown seedlings can pass through the easy passage part and freely grow above the growth protection sheet. Since the adhesive surface is arrange | positioned at the back surface side of the both sides of a growth protection sheet, it can attach simply and reliably only by covering on a multi film. Since it has an easily peelable surface on the surface opposite to the adhesive surface, the growth protection sheet can be overlaid or wound, making it easy to handle.

  As a result, crop seedlings and soil can be protected well, the growth of crops can be promoted well, and the burden on farm workers can be greatly reduced.

1-3 shows the case where a sweet potato is cultivated as an agricultural crop.
[畝]
As shown in FIG. 1, a fence 10 having a semicircular cross section is constructed in the field. The width of the ridge 10 is about 45 cm, the height is about 35 cm, and the length is about 100 m. In FIG. 1, only one cocoon 10 portion is displayed, but the vines 10 having the same structure are arranged in parallel at intervals in the entire field.
[Multi film]
The surface of the bag 10 is covered with a multi-film 20 made of a thin black polyethylene film. The multi-film 20 is stuck along the curved shape of the heel 10. The multi-film 20 covers a plurality of ridges 10 together. In the valleys on both sides of each ridge 10, soil is piled on the multifilm 20 to fix the multifilm 20.

[Planting hole]
As shown in FIG. 4, planting holes 22 are provided intermittently along the center line of the cocoon 10. The planting hole 22 is formed by partially cutting the multi-film 20. The shape of the planting hole 22 is a long and narrow groove extending along the length direction of the ridge 10.
[Planting work]
The seedling 30 of the sweet potato is planted from the planting hole 22 to the soil of the cocoon 10. The seedling 30 has a vine portion 32 having a certain length and a leaf portion 34 extending from the vine portion 32. The vine portion 32 of the seedling 30 is embedded in the soil. The vine portion 32 is buried so as to be in a posture inclined parallel to the length direction of the cocoon 10 and obliquely downward from the horizontal. In order to dig a hole that fills the vine 32, the planting hole 22 needs to have an elongated shape and size corresponding to the length of the vine 32. A part of the vine portion 32 and the leaf portion 34 extend upward from the soil, come out of the planting hole 22, and are put on the multifilm 20.

The work so far is common with the usual cultivation method.
As the next operation, the growth protection sheet 40 is constructed on the multi-film 20.
[Growth protection sheet]
As shown in FIG. 5, the growth protection sheet 40 includes a sheet base material 42 made of a sheet material such as thin paper and has a long belt shape and an adhesive tape 46. The basis weight of the sheet base material 42 is set to 53 g / m ² , for example.
As shown in FIG. 5B, the adhesive tape 46 is made of kraft paper or the like, and has a strip shape with a relatively narrow width. The back surface of the adhesive tape 46 has an adhesive layer 47 coated with an adhesive. The surface of the adhesive tape 46 opposite to the adhesive layer 47 is an easy-release surface 48 that is not sticky to the adhesive layer 47 by coating with a release agent. The structure itself of the adhesive tape 46 is the same as that of an adhesive tape used for normal packing. The width of the adhesive tape 46 is set to 38 mm, for example. The thickness of the adhesive tape 46 is, for example, 150 μm.

Adhesive tape 46 is attached to both sides of sheet base material 42. About half of the entire width of the adhesive tape 46 is stuck on the surface of the sheet base material 42. The remaining half width protrudes outward from the side edge of the sheet base material 42, and the adhesive layer 47 is exposed.
The full width of the sheet base material 42 can be set to 16 cm, for example, and the full width of the growth protection sheet 40 obtained by sticking the adhesive tape 46 can be set to 21 cm, for example.
As shown in FIG. 5 (a), the growth protection sheet 40 has an adhesive surface with a narrow adhesive layer 47 exposed on the back side surfaces of both sides. The width of the adhesive surface is set to 0.25 cm, for example. An easily peelable surface 48 of the adhesive tape 46 is disposed on the surface of the growth protection sheet 40 on the opposite side of the adhesive surface.

In the center of the growth protection sheet 40 in the width direction, a dotted line cut 44 is provided across the sheet base material 42 in the width direction. Both ends of the dotted line cut 44 are set slightly closer to the center than the inner side of the adhesive tape 46. The length of the dotted line cut 44 is set to 10 cm, for example. A large number of dotted line breaks 44 are arranged in parallel in the length direction of the sheet base material 42 at equal intervals. The arrangement interval of the dotted line breaks 44 is set to 8 cm, for example.
As shown in FIG. 5 (a), the long belt-like growth protection sheet 40 is wound into a roll shape and used for transportation storage or distribution sales in the form of a wound roll R. At this time, the adhesive layer 47 of the growth protection sheet 40 is wound with the outer side of the winding roll R and the easily peelable surface 48 on the inner side. Since the easily peelable surface 48 is in contact with the adhesive layer 47, the growth protective sheet 40 that overlaps inside and outside does not stick to each other.

At the outermost periphery of the winding roll R, by attaching a release film or release paper to the surface of the adhesive layer 47, other materials adhere to the outermost adhesive layer 47 or become dirty during handling. Can be prevented.
When the growth protection sheet 40 is used, the growth protection sheet 40 may be pulled out from the outer peripheral end of the winding roll R. If there is a relatively thick and strong adhesive tape 46 on both sides of the growth protection sheet 40, the growth protection sheet 40 is pulled out from the winding roll R or a construction work described later is performed. Easy handling. If only the sheet base material 42 is used, there is a risk of tearing or tearing when the sheet base material 42 is pulled strongly. However, if the adhesive tape 46 is present, such a problem is unlikely to occur.

[Construction of growth protection sheet]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the planting hole 422 of the multi-film 20 in which the seedling 30 is planted is covered with the growth protection sheet 40.
The growth protection sheet 40 is disposed so as to completely cover and close the planting hole 22. The growth protection sheet 40 is brought into a state of being bent in the same arc shape along the arc shape of the multi-film 20. Among the seedlings 30, a part of the vine portion 32 and the leaf portion 34 that have come out of the planting hole 22 are sandwiched between the growth protection sheet 40 and the multifilm 20.

If the adhesive layer 47 of the growth protection sheet 40 is pressed against the surface of the multi-film 20, the growth protection sheet 40 is bonded and fixed to the multi-film 20 (see FIG. 3).
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, where the vine portion 32 and the leaf portion 34 of the seedling 30 are placed on the multi-film 20, the adhesive layer 47 of the growth protection sheet 40 removes the vine portion 32 and the leaf portion 34. Get over it. In order not to damage the vine portion 32 and the leaf portion 34, it is better not to press the growth protection sheet 40 too hard. The tip of the leaf 34 protrudes outside the growth protection sheet 40 and is exposed on the multi-film 20.
If the growth protection sheet 40 is attached over the entire length of the heel 10, the construction of the growth protection sheet 40 is completed.

The construction of the growth protection sheet 40 can be achieved when the farmer pulls out the growth protection sheet 40 while rolling the winding roll R on the fence 10 and lays a fence for each planting hole 22. There is no need for tedious and hard work such as grouting the dove.
A mechanical device that automates the placement and pasting work of the growth protection sheet 40 can also be used. In terms of sheet laying, the laying apparatus for the growth protection sheet 40 can be configured using a common multi-film laying apparatus and its mechanism.
[Cultivation of crops]
In the state where the planting hole 22 is covered with the growth protection sheet 40, cultivation of the sweet potato is performed.

<Growth of shoots>
From the vine portion 32 of the seedling 30 in the soil, a sprout emerges and grows. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the sprout 36 passes from the soil through the planting hole 22 of the multi-film 20, passes through the cut through the dotted line cut 44 of the growth protection sheet 40, or is connected to the dotted line. Or the like, and passes through the growth protection sheet 40. Although the position where the sprout 36 is generated from the vine portion 32 is not determined, the sprout 36 that has reached the growth protection sheet 40 extends upward in search of the weakest point of resistance. Will pass the position. If the sheet base material 42 itself is a material that is relatively easy to break, such as a paper material, the sprout 36 may break through and extend beyond the dotted line break 44.

The sprout 36 extending above the growth protection sheet 40 is sufficiently exposed to sunlight and sufficiently produces an action such as photosynthesis, and grows a new sweet potato in the soil. When the sprout 36 becomes thick or becomes a vine, the dotted line cut 44 of the growth protection sheet 40 can be expanded and further broken, so that the growth is not disturbed.
In addition, before a new shoot appears or with the growth of a new shoot, a new root grows from the vine 32 and settles on the soil.
<Growth protection function>
Since the growth protection sheet 40 has a heat retaining property, the heat of the soil does not escape from the planting hole 22. The sheet base material 42 made of a paper material may have better heat retention than the multifilm 20.

The solar radiation penetrates the sheet base material 42 of the growth protection sheet 40 to some extent, so that the solar radiation energy reaches the soil and the seedling 30 to increase the temperature and promote the survival and growth of the vine portion 32. The thermal energy accumulated inside the growth protection sheet 40 is difficult to escape outside the growth protection sheet 40. As a result, generation and adhesion of frost in the vicinity of the soil or the seedling 30 can be prevented.
When raining or watering is performed, water is replenished to the soil and the seedling 30 through the planting hole 22 through the sheet base material 42 having water permeability. In the easy passage portion such as the dotted line break 44, the moisture passes more satisfactorily.

When the solar radiation is too strong, the growth protection sheet 40 moderates the solar radiation, so that adverse effects on the soil and the seedling 30 are prevented. It can also prevent the soil from drying out excessively.
Even if the wind is strong or there is a large amount of rainfall, the soil or the seedling 30 covered with the growth protection sheet 40 can be prevented from being blown away or washed away by the rain.
Since the sheet base material 42 has air permeability, air is circulated well between the soil and the atmosphere, and activities such as soil fungi are also performed well. When the soil becomes excessively humid, the humidity can be reduced by evaporating the moisture. It prevents the generation of microorganisms and insects that cause the seedling 30 to rot or cause disease in the soil.

By these actions, the growth environment such as temperature and humidity, solar radiation, and ventilation can be maintained in an appropriate state preferable for the growth of the seedling 30.
<Harvest and disposal>
At the time of harvesting the sweet potato, it is possible to harvest the grown sweet potato by digging up the soil by tearing off the sheet base material 42 of the growth protection sheet 40 or breaking the planting hole 22 of the multi-film 20. After removing the entire multi-film 20 covering the reed 10 together with the growth protection sheet 40, the reed 10 may be dug to harvest the sweet potato. The automatic harvesting device can be used to mechanically automate the removal of the multi-film 20 and the growth protection sheet 40 and the harvest of the sweet potato.

In the removed growth protection sheet 40, both the sheet base material 42 and the adhesive tape 46 are made of a material that is relatively easy to dispose of, so that the growth protection sheet 40 can be easily disposed of. The growth protection sheet 40 mainly made of paper material can be easily incinerated, and can be quickly decomposed in the soil if it is landfilled.
[Another usage pattern]
The growth protection sheet 40 can be pasted at a predetermined position on the multi-film 20 before laying.
If the multi-film 20 in which the growth protection sheet 40 is integrated is laid so as to cover the bag 10, the laying work of the multi-film 20 and the attachment work of the growth protection sheet 40 are completed at once.

However, in this case, the growth protection sheet 40 is cut open together with the multi-film 20 covering the cocoon 10 to perform seedling planting work. After planting the seedlings, the opened portion of the growth protection sheet 40 is closed. It can be joined with adhesive tape or the like so that the closed part does not open naturally.
Subsequent cultivation, harvesting, removal work, and the like can be performed in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment.

  For example, it can be used for the cultivation of crops conventionally covered with multi-films or laid straws, such as cultivation of sweet potatoes.

Sectional drawing which shows the cultivation state of the agricultural crops showing embodiment of this invention Top view Cross-sectional view showing the growth of new shoots Cross-sectional view showing the planting condition of the seedling Perspective view (a) of the growth protection sheet and enlarged cross-sectional view (b)

Explanation of symbols

10 ２０ 20 Multi-film 22 Planting hole 30 芋 Seedling 32 Vine part 34 Leaf part 36 Sprout 40 Growth protection sheet 42 Sheet material part 44 Easy passage part 46 Adhesive tape 47 Adhesive layer 48 Easy peeling surface R Winding roll

Claims (6)

A cultivation method in which crop seedlings are planted and grown in a cocoon formed in soil,
A step (a) of covering the soil straw with a multi-film;
A step (b) of making a planting hole in the multi-film;
A step (c) of planting the seedlings of the crops from the multi-film planting hole to the ridge;
The nurturing protective sheet, this so as to block the planting hole is arranged on the surface of the multi-film, joining the growing protective sheet multi-film is brought into contact with the adhesive side of the growth protective sheet on the surface of the multi-film Step (d) ;
It includes,
The growth protection sheet is made of a sheet material that has air permeability, water permeability and light permeability and has a band shape wider than the width of the multi-film planting hole, and the sheet material has a linear shape in the width direction. None The easy passage part through which the shoots of the seedlings can easily pass by their growth power is in the range of 10 to 80% with respect to the entire width, leaving both sides, and with an interval of 3 to 10 cm in the length direction. Use the growth protection sheet provided in parallel,
A method for cultivating crops. Seedlings such the crop is the potato seedlings, the step (b), the potato seedlings drilled planting hole length to be planted in a posture extending along the ridge, in the step (c), the potato A part of the seedling is embedded in the soil in a posture extending from the planting hole along the cocoon, and the remaining part of the seedling is arranged in a posture extending from the planting hole to above the multifilm, and the step (d) Then, the growth protection sheet is disposed on the surface of the multifilm so as to cover the planting holes and the seedlings extending above the multifilm, and the adhesive surface of the growth protection sheet is sandwiched with a part of the seedlings. It is brought into contact with the surface of the multi-film joining the growing protective sheet to the multi film, cultivation method of crops according to claim 1. A growth protection sheet for crops used in the cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2,
Breathable, have a water permeability and light transmission properties, made from a sheet material of the wider band than the width of the planting holes of the multi-film,
In this sheet material, the easy passage part which is straight in the width direction and through which the seedlings can easily pass due to the growth force of the shoots is in the range of 10 to 80% with respect to the total width, leaving both sides, and While being provided in parallel in the length direction with an interval of 3-10 cm,
An adhesive surface disposed on the back side of both sides, and an easy-release surface disposed in a position corresponding to the adhesive surface on the surface side of both sides,
A growth protection sheet characterized by that . Said sheet material, paper, non-woven fabric, selected from the group consisting of biodegradable synthetic resin sheet, growth protective sheet according to claim 3. The adhesive surface and easy release surface is constituted by an adhesive tape having opposite surfaces easy peelability of the adhesive layer formed on one surface an adhesive layer, the adhesive tape is, the both sides of the surface of the sheet material of the said strip, portion of the width of the adhesive tape is attached so as to protrude to the outside of the sheet material, growth protective sheet according to claim 3 or 4. Made by winding into a roll toward the front SL adhesive surface of the easy release surface outward inward growth protective sheet according to any one of claims 3 to 5.

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