JP3846997B2 - Combine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a combine that performs harvesting and harvesting work for planted cereal grains while traveling in a field.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the above combine, after starting the engine, operating the accelerator lever for changing the output of the engine and increasing the engine speed to the working set speed (rated speed) to the high speed side, Reaping work. And in order to operate the engine properly during the operation, the engine load due to the operation of the traveling device, the threshing unit, etc. is detected by, for example, the amount of reduction from the reference rotation speed of the engine rotation speed, and this engine load is below the appropriate range When the vehicle speed increases, the vehicle speed is reduced, while when the vehicle speed decreases, the vehicle speed is controlled so that the engine load is maintained within an appropriate range. When the moisture content of the processed grain is measured and the moisture value is large, the upper limit vehicle speed that can be changed in the vehicle speed control is changed to a low speed side, and the vehicle is driven at a slow vehicle speed state and supplied to the threshing unit. There has been proposed a technique for reducing the amount of processed material as much as possible (see, for example, JP-A-5-7419).
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above prior art, when the moisture content of the grain is high, the upper limit vehicle speed is only changed to the low speed side, so the engine speed may increase depending on the size of the engine load. When a grain containing a large amount of moisture is threshing in a high state, the grain is cracked or damaged, and the risk of damage to the grain is greater than when the grain contains little moisture. As a result, the grain to be harvested contains a lot of damaged grains and the quality of the harvest is reduced. Especially when harvesting seed pods, a large number of damaged grains are mixed, resulting in seed seeds with poor germination rate. There was a fear.
[0004]
Therefore, for example, when the moisture content of the kernel is higher than the moisture content of the standard kernel, it is conceivable to change and control the engine output according to the moisture content of the kernel so as to reduce the engine speed. . However, when the engine output is changed and controlled, if the control conditions of the operating unit for the mowing operation driven by the engine remain the same, the operating unit may not perform an appropriate operation.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to control the engine output in accordance with the moisture content of the grains and to ensure that the engine speed is appropriate in order to eliminate the problems of the conventional technology. In addition to changing and adjusting the engine so that the engine speed is changed, the cutting operation unit is operated in an appropriate state.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In claim 1, the moisture content of the grain is repeatedly measured with the harvesting and harvesting operation, and the rotation speed adjustment control for changing and adjusting the rotation speed of the engine mounted on the traveling machine body based on the moisture measurement information of the grain. And the operation part adjustment control that changes and adjusts the operation state of the operation part for the harvesting and harvesting operation in accordance with the engine load detected based on the fluctuation of the engine speed. It is executed according to the control condition changed and set in accordance with the control state of the control.
[0007]
Therefore, the engine rotation speed can be adjusted to an appropriate state according to the moisture content of the grain, and the grain can be threshed without damaging the grain as much as possible. In particular, in the case of seed pods, the problem that a lot of damaged grains are mixed and the germination rate deteriorates is solved.
At the same time, since the operating state of the cutting and harvesting operation parts such as the cutting part and the threshing part is changed and adjusted according to the control condition changed and set in accordance with the change adjustment of the engine speed, the operating part for the cutting work Can be operated in an appropriate state.
[0008]
Further, in claim 1, when the moisture content of the grains to be measured a total of high moisture, than at low water, the engine speed is changed adjusted to adjust the speed of the engine to a low rotation side .
Therefore, when the moisture content of the kernel is high, the engine rotation speed is lower than when the moisture content of the kernel is low. Threshing treatment is performed in a number of states, and it is possible to appropriately avoid the occurrence of damage such as cracking or scratching of the grain .
[0009]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the engine load determined by the deviation between the engine rotational speed that changes with the harvesting and harvesting operation and a preset reference rotational speed is maintained in an appropriate range as the operation unit adjustment control. As described above, vehicle speed control for changing and adjusting the airframe traveling speed is executed.
Therefore, since the vehicle speed control control conditions are changed and set in accordance with the engine speed change adjustment, the engine output is compared with the case where the vehicle speed control control conditions are not changed when the engine speed is changed and adjusted. The vehicle speed control can be satisfactorily executed in a state in which the occurrence of engine stall or the like is appropriately avoided while effectively utilizing the engine, and the preferred means of claim 1 can be obtained.
[0010]
According to a third aspect , in the second aspect , the reference rotational speed is changed and set in correspondence with a control state of the engine rotational speed control.
Therefore, since the reference rotational speed for detecting the engine load is changed in accordance with the change adjustment of the engine speed, even when the engine rotational speed is changed and adjusted, the engine load is accurately detected to control the vehicle speed. Can be carried out satisfactorily, and the preferred means of claim 2 can be obtained.
[0012]
According to claim 4, in claim 1, as the regulatory control of the working portion, and the engine speed that varies with variation of the load, based on the determination information for load determination previously set size of the engine load The load display control for determining the load and displaying it on the display means is executed, and the determination information for load determination is changed and set in accordance with the control state of the engine speed.
Accordingly, since the determination information for determining the engine load is changed and set in accordance with the change adjustment of the engine speed, even when the engine speed is changed, the engine load is accurately detected and the magnitude of the load is detected. By displaying the length, it is possible to accurately notify the operator of the state of the engine load, so that the preferred means of claim 1 can be obtained.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, the combine is a front part of a traveling machine body 17 including a pair of left and right crawler traveling devices 2, a driver's seat 3, an engine 4, a threshing unit 5, a grain tank 7, a grain discharging auger 8, and the like. In addition, the cutting part 1 is mounted.
[0014]
The mowing unit 1 includes a planting culm raising device 6, a cutting blade 9 for cutting the planted cereal culm stock, and a feed chain for threshing on the rear side of the machine body while turning the mowing cereal on its side and changing to a posture. 11 and the like are provided. The conveying device 10 is provided with a stock sensor S0 which is in contact with the stock of the harvested culm during the harvesting operation and is turned on, and the supply of the harvested cereal is interrupted and turned off when the harvesting is completed. Yes.
[0015]
As shown in FIG. 2, the threshing unit 5 includes a handling chamber A in which a handling cylinder 24 that handles and processes cereals that are sandwiched and conveyed by the feed chain 11 from the front to the rear of the machine body is housed, and the handling chamber A. A receiving mesh 25 disposed below the swinging screen, a swinging sorting plate 26 for swinging and sorting the leaked material from the receiving mesh 25, and a tang 27 for blowing the sorting air to the swinging sorting plate 26. , A dust exhaust fan 29 that sucks and discharges dust generated inside the threshing unit 5 to the outside of the machine, a first screw 30 that collects the grain from the swing sorting plate 26 as the first thing, and a grain mixed with straw A second screw 31 that collects the grains as a second product, a second reduction device 32 that reduces the second product collected by the second screw 31 onto the swing sorting plate 26, and the like are provided. In the drawing, reference numeral 33 denotes a fine sorting unit arranged above the screw 30, and 34 denotes a coarse sorting unit located above the fine sorting unit 33.
[0016]
As shown in FIG. 1, the first thing collected by the first screw 30 is conveyed upward by the screw-type cerealing device 14 and put into the grain tank 7, and this cerealed Each grain is sampled by a single-grain moisture meter 15 provided at the upper end of the device 14 and is measured by an electric resistance value measured in a state of being crushed between a pair of rollers also used as electrodes (not shown). Moisture content is measured. That is, the moisture meter 15 corresponds to a moisture measuring means that repeatedly measures the moisture content of the grain with the harvesting and harvesting operation.
[0017]
The grain in the grain tank 7 is transported in the horizontal direction by the horizontal transport conveyor 8a provided in the base, and then transported upward by the vertical transport conveyor 8b. The transport end of the vertical transport conveyor 8b The base end portion of the grain discharging auger 8 having a conveyor 8c that conveys the grain from the section toward the discharge port 8d is connected to the conveying terminal portion of the vertical conveying conveyor 8b so as to be freely swiveled and moved up and down. Has been. In order to operate each of the conveyors 8a, 8b, 8c, the horizontal conveying conveyor 8a at the base is rotated by the power of the engine 4 through the input pulley 13 attached to one end side, and the horizontal conveying conveyor 8a. Rotational force is sequentially transmitted to the vertical conveyor 8b and the conveyor 8c in the auger via a bevel gear or the like.
[0018]
Next, the power transmission system of the combine will be described. As shown in FIG. 3, the driving force of the engine 4 is transmitted to a continuously variable vehicle speed transmission device 19 constituted by a hydrostatic continuously variable transmission (HST) through a belt transmission mechanism and the like. The output after 19 shifts is transmitted to the mission case 18, and the pair of left and right crawler traveling devices 2 are driven via the mission case 18. The transmission case 18 is provided with a speed sensor S1 for detecting the vehicle speed by detecting the input rotational speed from the vehicle speed transmission 19.
Further, the output after the speed change of the vehicle speed transmission device 19 is transmitted to the cutting unit 1 via the one-way clutch 35 so that the cutting unit 1 is driven only when the vehicle is moving forward after passing through the transmission case 18.
The power of the engine 4 is transmitted to the threshing unit 5 through the threshing clutch 36, and the threshing clutch S3 is attached to the threshing clutch 36 to detect the on / off state.
[0019]
The engine 4 is constituted by a diesel engine, and an accelerator device 20 for changing and adjusting the engine speed is provided. Although not described in detail, the accelerator device 20 is configured to change and adjust the output rotational speed by operating a speed adjusting lever or the like to change the amount of fuel injected into the combustion chamber of the engine 4. The engine 4 is provided with an engine speed detection sensor S4. The driver's seat 3 is provided with a swing operation type accelerator lever 16 for manually setting the rotation speed of the engine 4 at a swing position operated by a friction type holding mechanism 21. A potentiometer S2 for detecting the operation position (accelerator position) of the lever is provided (see FIG. 4). Normally, the engine 4 is started at the start (idling) position, and then the ascending operation is performed to the position of the rated rotational speed (set rotational speed) for work.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 4, a microcomputer-based control device H is provided, and the control device H includes the stock sensor S0, the speed sensor S1, the accelerator position detecting potentiometer S2, the threshing switch S3, and the like. Each signal from the engine speed detection sensor S4 and the moisture meter 15 is input. From the control device H, drive signals for the vehicle speed transmission device 19 and the accelerator device 20 and a drive signal for the display means 12 provided at the front side position of the driver's seat 3 are output. The display means 12 includes a liquid crystal display device and various meters, and displays various work information such as engine speed and engine load.
[0021]
And the engine speed control means 100 which performs the rotation speed adjustment control which changes and adjusts the rotation speed of the engine 4 based on the measurement information of the moisture meter 15 is configured using the control device H. The engine rotation speed control means 100 is configured to adjust the rotation speed of the engine 4 to the low rotation side when the moisture content of the grains measured by the moisture meter 15 is high, compared to when the moisture content is low.
Specifically, as described above, when the set rotational speed for work is set and the moisture content of the grain is within the standard value range or less than this, the rotational speed is changed and adjusted. However, when the moisture content is higher than the standard value, adjustment control is performed so that the higher the moisture content, the lower the rotational speed from the set rotational speed with a larger correction amount.
[0022]
In addition, the control unit H is used to change and adjust the operating state of the operating unit for the harvesting and harvesting operation in accordance with the engine load detected based on the fluctuation of the rotational speed of the engine 4. The operation part control means 101 which performs is comprised.
In the first embodiment, the operating unit control means 101 uses the engine as the operating unit adjustment control, which is obtained from a deviation between an engine speed that changes with the harvesting and harvesting operation and a preset reference speed. The vehicle speed control is performed to change and adjust the airframe traveling speed so that the load is maintained in an appropriate range. In this case, the vehicle speed transmission device 19 corresponds to the operating portion.
[0023]
That is, when the load on the engine 4 increases, the rotational speed decreases. On the other hand, when the load on the engine 4 decreases, the rotational speed increases. Therefore, a change in the engine rotational speed causes a load on the engine 4 (in the traveling device 2). Travel load, threshing load in the threshing unit 5, load due to cutting harvesting work including cutting load in the cutting unit 1 and the like) are detected. Specifically, the control device H stores the engine speed RX (rpm) when the stock sensor S0 and the threshing switch S3 are on and the vehicle speed is 0.1 m / sec or more as the reference speed RS, A reduction amount (rpm) of the engine speed RX from the reference speed RS is detected as an engine load. When the engine load becomes larger than the appropriate range, the airframe traveling speed is decelerated. When the engine load becomes smaller than the appropriate range, the airframe traveling speed is increased. However, the shift control is performed within a range that does not exceed the upper limit vehicle speed set in advance as a control parameter to a predetermined value between 0.3 and 2.0 m / sec according to the conditions of the field.
[0024]
The operation unit control unit 101 is configured to change and set a control condition for executing the operation unit adjustment control in accordance with the control state of the engine speed control unit 100.
Specifically, first, the reference rotational speed RS is changed and set so as to correspond to the control state of the engine rotational speed control means 100. That is, in order to correspond to the state of the engine speed that is adjusted and controlled from the set speed, for example, the larger the amount of decrease in the engine speed that is adjusted and controlled, the larger the stored reference speed RS becomes. Correct to the decreasing side with the correction amount.
At the same time, the control parameters in the preset vehicle speed control are changed and set in correspondence with the control state of the engine speed control means 100. For example, as the engine speed to be controlled is lowered from the set speed, the upper limit vehicle speed value set as described above is lowered, and as the engine speed to be regulated is lowered from the set speed, The speed change operation speed when decelerating or increasing the speed of the airframe is increased. Note that control parameters other than the upper limit vehicle speed and the shift operation speed may be targeted as control parameters in the vehicle speed control.
[0025]
Next, the control operation of the control device H will be described based on the flowcharts shown in FIGS. This control is executed by interruption processing at predetermined intervals in a main flow (not shown).
In the engine speed control (FIG. 5), an average value of the measured moisture content of a predetermined number (for example, 100) of grains measured by the moisture meter 15 is taken in as moisture value data, and from the moisture value data The amount of change with respect to the engine speed is calculated, and the accelerator device 20 is driven and controlled so that the changed speed is obtained.
[0026]
In the vehicle speed control (FIG. 6), first, it is checked whether or not the stock condition sensor S0 and the threshing switch S3 are in the ON state and the start condition that the vehicle speed is 0.1 m / s or more is satisfied. If not, control is not performed. If the start condition is satisfied, the detected engine speed RX is compared with the reference speed RS, and if the detected speed RX is greater than the reference speed RS, the value of the detected speed RX is set to the reference speed. Update and store as RS. The initial value of the reference rotation speed RS is reset to 0. However, when the engine speed is changed and adjusted based on the moisture value data, the obtained reference speed RS is changed, and the changed reference speed RS is used in subsequent load detection.
Then, the difference between the reference rotational speed RS and the detected rotational speed RX is obtained as the engine load, and if the engine load is within the target load range (appropriate range), the speed change operation is not performed. When the engine load is larger than the target load range, the deceleration operation is performed. When the engine load is smaller than the target load range, the deceleration operation is performed only when the vehicle speed detected by the speed sensor S1 is smaller than the upper limit vehicle speed. Do. Here, in the flow (not shown), when the engine speed is changed and adjusted based on the moisture value data, the upper limit vehicle speed value changing process and the operating speed changing process of the acceleration / deceleration operation are performed. The acceleration / deceleration operation is performed using each value after the change.
[0027]
[Another embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment of the operating unit control means 101 will be described.
In this embodiment, the operating part control means 101 performs the engine load based on the engine rotational speed that changes as the load fluctuates and preset determination information for load determination as the operating part adjustment control. The display information is displayed and displayed on the display means 12, and the determination information is changed and set in accordance with the control state of the engine speed control means 100. It is configured. In this case, the display means 12 for displaying the load corresponds to the operating unit.
[0028]
Specifically, the engine load is determined in six stages of 1 to 6 (the larger the number, the larger the load, and the appropriate load state is indicated in stage 3), and five lighting segments are arranged in the horizontal direction. In the bar graph, the load is displayed so that the number of segments to be lit is changed according to the number representing the load. Here, stage 6 represents an overload condition and 5 segments are flashed. The load display means may be constituted by a needle-type display unit, a numeric display unit, or the like in addition to the bar graph type.
Then, as shown in FIG. 7, the adjacent boundary positions in the six stages are determined by the engine speed down amount (rpm) from the reference rotational speed, and the values of the down amounts at the respective boundary positions are determined as described above. Corresponding to the information, the normal case where the reference rotational speed is not changed is set differently from when the reference rotational speed is changed.
[0029]
Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the water | moisture content measurement means 15 was comprised so that a grain may be crushed and the electrical resistance may be measured and a content moisture may be detected, it is possible to use various other moisture value detection means. it can.
[0030]
The control mode in which the engine speed control means 100 changes and adjusts the speed of the engine 4 based on the moisture measurement information is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be implemented in various control modes.
[0031]
In the above embodiment, the operating unit control means 101 has exemplified the first mode in which the vehicle speed control is executed and the second mode in which the load display control is executed as the operating unit adjustment control. You may perform adjustment control (For example, the threshing control about the threshing part 3, the cutting control about the cutting part 1, etc.).
[0032]
In the above embodiment, the present invention is applied to a self-removing combine. However, the present invention can also be applied to a full throw type combine.
[Brief description of the drawings]
[Fig. 1] Side view of combine [Fig. 2] Side view of combine threshing portion [Fig. 3] Power diagram of combine [Fig. 4] Block diagram of control configuration [Fig. 5] Flow chart of control operation [Fig. Flowchart of operation [Fig. 7] Diagram showing change setting of control parameters for vehicle speed control [Explanation of symbols]
4 Engine 12 Display means 15 Moisture measuring means 17 Traveling machine body 100 Engine speed control means 101 Actuator control means

Claims (4)

Moisture measuring means for repeatedly measuring the moisture content of the grain along with the harvesting and harvesting work;
Based on the measurement information of the moisture measuring means, engine speed control means for executing speed adjustment control for changing and adjusting the speed of the engine mounted on the traveling machine body;
An operating part control means for executing an operating part adjustment control for changing and adjusting the operating state of the operating part for the harvesting and harvesting work in correspondence with the engine load detected based on the fluctuation of the engine speed,
The engine speed control means includes
When the moisture content of the grain measured by the moisture measuring means is high, the engine is configured to adjust the engine speed to the low rotation side than when the moisture content is low, and the larger the moisture content, the greater the moisture content. It is configured to reduce the engine speed from the rated speed with a correction amount,
The operating section control means is configured to change and set a control condition for executing the operating section adjustment control in correspondence with a control state of the engine speed control means. The operating unit control means maintains the engine load, which is obtained by a deviation between an engine speed changing with a harvesting and harvesting operation, and a preset reference speed as an operating unit adjustment control within an appropriate range. The combine according to claim 1, wherein the combine is configured to execute vehicle speed control for changing and adjusting the airframe traveling speed . The combine according to claim 2, wherein the operating part control means is configured to change and set the reference rotational speed in accordance with a control state of the engine rotational speed control means . The operating unit control means determines the magnitude of the engine load as the operating unit adjustment control based on an engine speed that changes with a change in load and predetermined determination information for load determination. The load display control to be displayed on the display means is executed, and the discrimination information is changed and set in accordance with the control state of the engine speed control means . Combine.

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