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JP3854340B2 - Insulator using coal ash and method for producing the same - Google Patents
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JP3854340B2 - Insulator using coal ash and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Insulator using coal ash and method for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3854340B2
JP3854340B2 JP20084896A JP20084896A JP3854340B2 JP 3854340 B2 JP3854340 B2 JP 3854340B2 JP 20084896 A JP20084896 A JP 20084896A JP 20084896 A JP20084896 A JP 20084896A JP 3854340 B2 JP3854340 B2 JP 3854340B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
insulator
coal ash
synthetic resin
thermosetting synthetic
divided body
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JP20084896A
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JPH1050160A (en
Inventor
和宏 金子
利光 平野
智規 山田
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Kyushu Electric Power Co Inc
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Kyushu Electric Power Co Inc
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は石炭灰の有効利用、とくに、碍子用としての有効利用に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
石炭火力発電所では、石炭灰は、微粉炭燃焼ボイラの煙道から除塵される廃棄物として大量に発生する。
【0003】
この石炭灰の有効利用については、従来から、特公平2−271944号公報、特公平5−229858号公報などに開示されているように、コンクリートの増量材や混和材、人口骨材原料、埋立て材料、軽量骨材等の原料として利用を初め種々提案されている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、この資源としての石炭灰の有効利用の割合は、全発生量の三分の一程度にすぎず、さらに、その有効利用が望まれる。
【0005】
従来、発電所や送・配電線等には、陶磁器製の碍子が大量に使用されている。
【0006】
本発明は、この碍子の製造原料としての石炭灰の利用を思いついたことに基づく。
【0007】
通常、碍子は、乾燥耐電圧や雷インパルスフラッシュオーバ電圧等の電気的特性とともに、架線張力に耐え得るような機械的性質、とくに、曲げに関する強度が要求される。
【0008】
また、碍子の製造に際しては、原材料処理のためには、選別、粉砕、篩別・分級等の原材料の調整、混練・脱泡、成形、乾燥、焼成、加工、施釉、焼成等の複雑な工程を経て製造されるため、製造開始から完成まで約1か月を要し、需要に対応するためには多量の在庫を要し、このためのコストがかさむという問題がある。さらに、廃棄物の再利用は発生源あるいはその関連事業で行うのが、社会的にも望ましい。
【0009】
本発明において解決しようとする課題は、石炭火力発電所で多量に発生する廃棄物である石炭灰を碍子の製造原料としての利用に際して、安価な製造方法を適用し、しかも、得られた碍子が、電気的特性は勿論、機械的強度も通常の碍子と同等程度の優れた性質とするための手段を得ることにある。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この課題は、石炭灰を重量比で熱硬化性合成樹脂を100として、ガラス繊維のチョップドストランドのような強化性繊維性物質を102〜130と石炭灰を170〜200の割合で混練し、硬化することによって達成されるもので、電気的特性は勿論、強度においても満足する碍子が得られる。
【0011】
使用する石炭灰は増量材として使用されるもので、さらに、その混練に際して、炭酸カルシウムを添加することによって、より充分な強度を得ることができる。その他、増量材としては、珪酸カルシウム、アスベスト、雲母、石英粉等のできる限り球形に近く粒子が細かい無機物を使用できる。石炭灰と他の増量材との併用に際しては、産業資源有効活用の点から増量材の全重量の約2/3を石炭灰で構成している。
【0012】
本発明において使用する熱硬化性合成樹脂としては、
【化1】

Figure 0003854340
のエステル基を有するものが適しており、主剤として、硬化剤と熱との作用により重合し、立体的架橋によって硬化する不飽和ポリエステル樹脂の適用が好ましい。また、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂のほかに、エポキシ、ジアリルフタレート(アリル樹脂)、シリコン樹脂、ポリウレタン等を用いることができる。
【0013】
繊維性物質は、碍子の補強材として使用されるもので、電気絶縁性と高強度を有し、熱硬化性合成樹脂との接着性が良いガラス繊維、ポリアミド繊維やアラミド繊維等を好適に使用できる。
【0014】
この繊維性物質を混練するに際しては、成形後のガラス繊維が無秩序に配向しているよりも、成型した碍子の長手方向に配向させることにより、碍子の長手方向の剛性及び強度を増加させることによって碍子としての強度をさらに満足させることができる。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の碍子は、電熱線等の加熱手段を具備する上下型を使用して、それぞれ混練材料を圧着することによって、型押した碍子の軸芯を通る平面で2分割された碍子分割体を得た後、碍子分割体の分割面を互いに接着し、一体化することによって製造される。
【0016】
その際、碍子分割体の型押し成形のための上下型のうちの下型上面の中央部に、混練した材料をを可及的に高く盛上げて載置し、上下型を圧着することにより繊維性物質を碍子の長手方向に配向した碍子を得ることができる。
【0017】
【実施例】
表1は、石炭灰を利用した碍子を製造するための原材料の好適な配合例を示す。
【0018】
【表1】
Figure 0003854340
この原材料組成から、プリミックスコンパウンドを調製した。
【0019】
表1に示す原材料の所定量を、先ず、原材料のうち、熱硬化性樹脂と硬化剤とを、次に、低収縮剤、希釈剤及び内部離型剤を、さらに、石炭灰と炭酸カルシウムを、最後にチョップドストランドをミキサーに投入・撹拌・混練して、碍子成形の前段階としてのプリミックスコンパウンドを作成した。
【0020】
この石炭灰を含むプリミックスコンパウンドから図1に示すように、略円筒形状の碍子本体3の外周に上下リブ4,5を周設し、下リブ5にはその外周端縁部を略円筒状に下方に延設して沿面距離を増大した碍子Aの分割体aを成形した。
【0021】
図2は、この図1に示す碍子Aの分割体aを成形するための上型1と下型2とからなるプレスと、上記プリミックスコンパウンドPのチャージ状態とを示す。同図に示す上型1と下型2は、それぞれに内蔵した電熱線等の加熱手段を具備している。そして、下型2上に所定量のプリミックスコンパウンドPを中央にチャージ、すなわち、上記プリミックスコンパウンドPを塊状にして下型2の中央に可及的に高く盛上げ、油圧等の加圧手段で上型1と下型2を圧着して、下型2上の成形空間中に高く盛上げたプリミックスコンパウンドPを押し広げて行き渡らせ、この圧着状態を保持して、両型1,2からの熱によりプリミックスコンパウンドPを硬化させ、所定形状の碍子分割体aを成形し、上下型1,2を分離し硬化した碍子分割体aを取り出した。
【0022】
この際、とくに、プリミックスコンパウンドPを下型2の中央にチャージすることによって、図3に模式的に示すように、下型2上面に盛上げたプリミックスコンパウンドPは、上下型1,2の圧着時に略放射状に流動する。
【0023】
その結果、図4に示すように、プリミックスコンパウンドP中のチョップドストランドCが碍子Aの長手方向に整列して、チョップドストランドCの配向性が向上し強度と曲げ剛性とを向上させることになる。
【0024】
このようにして得た碍子の分割体aの2個のそれぞれの接着面Sをエポキシ系接着剤によって、接合処理して碍子Aを得た。
【0025】
なお、成形接合後の碍子Aの表面となる部分には、耐候性塗料を塗布して、紫外線等による樹脂の劣化を防止することが望ましい。
【0026】
このようにして得た碍子Aの強度試験に供するために、上記と同等の成形によって、それぞれ側面とその断面を示す図5と図6のように、円筒形状供試体Tの分割体tを得て、さらに同等の接合過程を経て供試体Tとし、これを強度及び剛性の測定に供した。
【0027】
図7は、上記曲げ耐荷重試験と曲げ破壊試験とに用いた強度試験装置20を示す。供試体Tの一端に九州電力(株)配電用品規格高圧ZnO内蔵通り碍子Aの規格に準ずる金具21を取付け、同金具21を介して強度試験装置20の固定台22に固定し、供試体Tの他端側で固定台22の碍子取付面23から前記碍子Aの全長に相当する位置に、上方からループ状に垂下したワイヤ24を引掛け、同ワイヤ24を上方に引上げることで、供試体Tに曲げ荷重を加えて、外側端部の変位及び破壊強度を測定した。
【0028】
かかる試験は、図8に示すように、接着面25を垂直にして同接着面25を曲げの方向と一致させた状態、図9に示すように、接着面25を45度傾けた状態、及び、図10に示すように、接着面25を水平にして同接着面25を曲げの方向と直交させた状態の3状態で行うことにより、碍子Aにかかる各方向からの曲げに対応させた。
【0029】
【表2】
Figure 0003854340
表2は、上記試験の結果を示しており、本供試体Tが、曲げ耐荷重試験において280kgfを1分間保持して5°以上の変位角が見られないこと、及び、曲げ破壊荷重試験において700kgf以上であることという碍子Aに課せられた規格を充分に満たしていることがわかる。
【0030】
なお、変位角(度)は次式によって算出した。
【0031】
θ= tan-1(y/x)
但し、θ:変位角(度)
x:固定台の碍子取付面と実測位置までの距離
y:実測変位である。
【0032】
その測定結果は、従来の碍子の強度である800〜1000kgfとほぼ同等であることを示し、通常の碍子として充分に供することができることが明らかとなった。
【0033】
【発明の効果】
本発明によって、以下の効果を奏する。
【0034】
(1) 発電所において廃棄物として発生する石炭灰を、その関連事業で使用する碍子の製造に再利用することとなり、社会的に望ましい資源のリサイクル形態を実現することが可能となる。
【0035】
(2) 石炭灰の利用による碍子の成形が容易である。
【0036】
(3) 強化用の繊維材を有効に利用でき、曲げ剛性及び強度が増加し、碍子としての強度を満足させることができる。
【0037】
(4) 原材料に樹脂や石炭灰を使うことにより、碍子重量が約1/2に軽量化される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明によって製造される成形碍子の側面半断面図を示す。
【図2】 碍子の分割体を成形するためのプレスと、プリミックスコンパウンドのチャージ状態とを示す。
【図3】 成形時のプリミックスコンパウンドの流動状態を示す。
【図4】 成形時のプリミックスコンパウンドの繊維材の配列状態を示す。
【図5】 供試体の側面図を示す。
【図6】 同じく供試体の正面断面を示す。
【図7】 強度試験装置の正面図を示す。
【図8】 強度試験の適用状態を示すもので、接着面を垂直にして同接着面を曲げの方向と一致させた状態を示す。
【図9】 同じく、接着面を45度傾けた状態を示す。
【図10】 同じく、接着面を水平にして同接着面を曲げの方向と直交させた状態を示す。
【符号の説明】
A 碍子 C チョップドストランド
P プリミックスコンパウンド S 接着面 a 碍子分割体
T 供試体 t 供試用分割体
1 上型 2 下型 20 強度試験装置 21 金具
22 固定台 23 碍子取付面 24 ワイヤ
25 接着面[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to effective use of coal ash, and particularly to effective use as an insulator.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In coal-fired power plants, coal ash is generated in large quantities as waste removed from the flue of pulverized coal fired boilers.
[0003]
Regarding the effective use of this coal ash, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-271944, Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-229858, etc., concrete extenders, admixtures, artificial aggregate raw materials, landfills, etc. Various uses such as materials and lightweight aggregates have been proposed.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the ratio of effective utilization of coal ash as this resource is only about one third of the total amount generated, and further its effective utilization is desired.
[0005]
Conventionally, ceramic insulators are used in large quantities in power plants and transmission / distribution lines.
[0006]
The present invention is based on the idea of using coal ash as a raw material for producing this insulator.
[0007]
Normally, insulators are required to have mechanical properties that can withstand overhead wire tension, in particular, bending strength, as well as electrical characteristics such as dry withstand voltage and lightning impulse flashover voltage.
[0008]
In addition, in the manufacture of insulators, complex processes such as sorting, grinding, sieving and classification, adjustment of raw materials, kneading and defoaming, molding, drying, firing, processing, glazing, firing, etc. Therefore, it takes about one month from the start of production to completion, and a large amount of inventory is required to meet the demand, which increases the cost. Furthermore, it is socially desirable to recycle waste at the source or related business.
[0009]
The problem to be solved in the present invention is to apply an inexpensive manufacturing method when using coal ash, which is a waste generated in a large amount at a coal-fired power plant, as a raw material for manufacturing the insulator, and the obtained insulator is The object is to obtain means for obtaining excellent properties equivalent to those of ordinary insulators in addition to electrical characteristics as well as mechanical strength.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The problem is that coal ash is kneaded at a ratio of thermosetting synthetic resin to 100 , reinforced fiber material such as chopped strands of glass fiber 102-130 and coal ash 170-200. As a result, an insulator satisfying not only electrical characteristics but also strength can be obtained.
[0011]
The coal ash to be used is used as an extender, and more sufficient strength can be obtained by adding calcium carbonate during the kneading. In addition, as the filler, an inorganic substance having a particle as close to a sphere as possible can be used, such as calcium silicate, asbestos, mica, and quartz powder. In the combined use of coal ash and other extender, about 2/3 of the total weight of the extender is composed of coal ash from the viewpoint of effective utilization of industrial resources.
[0012]
As the thermosetting synthetic resin used in the present invention,
[Chemical 1]
Figure 0003854340
Those having an ester group are suitable, and an unsaturated polyester resin that is polymerized by the action of a curing agent and heat and cured by steric crosslinking is preferably used as the main agent. In addition to the unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy, diallyl phthalate (allyl resin), silicon resin, polyurethane, or the like can be used.
[0013]
Fibrous substances are used as reinforcing materials for insulators. Glass fibers, polyamide fibers, aramid fibers, etc. that have good electrical insulation and high strength and good adhesion to thermosetting synthetic resins are used. it can.
[0014]
When kneading this fibrous substance, the glass fiber after molding is oriented in the longitudinal direction of the molded insulator rather than being randomly oriented, thereby increasing the longitudinal rigidity and strength of the insulator. The strength as an insulator can be further satisfied.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The insulator of the present invention is an insulator divided body divided into two by a plane passing through the axis of the stamped insulator by using an upper and lower mold having heating means such as a heating wire and crimping each kneaded material. After being obtained, it is manufactured by adhering and integrating the dividing surfaces of the insulator divided bodies.
[0016]
At that time, the kneaded material is raised and placed as high as possible at the center of the upper surface of the lower die of the upper and lower dies for die-molding of the insulator divided body, and the upper and lower dies are pressure-bonded by pressing. It is possible to obtain an insulator in which the active substance is oriented in the longitudinal direction of the insulator.
[0017]
【Example】
Table 1 shows a suitable blending example of raw materials for producing insulators using coal ash.
[0018]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003854340
A premix compound was prepared from this raw material composition.
[0019]
A predetermined amount of raw materials shown in Table 1, first, among the raw materials, a thermosetting resin and a curing agent, then a low shrinkage agent, a diluent and an internal mold release agent, and further coal ash and calcium carbonate. Finally, the chopped strand was put into a mixer, stirred and kneaded to prepare a premix compound as a pre-stage of the insulator molding.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 1, from the premix compound containing coal ash, upper and lower ribs 4 and 5 are provided around the outer periphery of a substantially cylindrical insulator body 3, and the outer peripheral edge of the lower rib 5 is substantially cylindrical. A split body “a” of the insulator A extending downward to increase the creepage distance was formed.
[0021]
FIG. 2 shows a press composed of an upper die 1 and a lower die 2 for forming the divided body a of the insulator A shown in FIG. 1 and a charged state of the premix compound P. The upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2 shown in the figure have heating means such as a heating wire incorporated in each. Then, a predetermined amount of the premix compound P is charged in the center on the lower mold 2, that is, the premix compound P is agglomerated and raised as high as possible in the center of the lower mold 2, with a pressurizing means such as hydraulic pressure The upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2 are pressure-bonded, and the premixed compound P, which is highly raised in the molding space on the lower mold 2, is spread and spread, and this pressure-bonded state is maintained. The premix compound P was cured by heat to form an insulator segment a having a predetermined shape, and the upper and lower molds 1 and 2 were separated and cured to take out the insulator segment a.
[0022]
At this time, in particular, by precharging the premix compound P at the center of the lower mold 2, as shown schematically in FIG. It flows almost radially during crimping.
[0023]
As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, the chopped strands C in the premix compound P are aligned in the longitudinal direction of the insulator A, the orientation of the chopped strands C is improved, and the strength and bending rigidity are improved. .
[0024]
The two adhesive surfaces S of the thus obtained insulator divided body a were joined with an epoxy adhesive to obtain insulator A.
[0025]
In addition, it is desirable to apply a weather-resistant paint to the portion that becomes the surface of the insulator A after the forming and joining to prevent the deterioration of the resin due to ultraviolet rays or the like.
[0026]
In order to use for the strength test of the insulator A obtained in this way, a divided body t of the cylindrical specimen T is obtained by molding equivalent to the above, as shown in FIGS. The specimen T was further subjected to an equivalent joining process, and this was used for the measurement of strength and rigidity.
[0027]
FIG. 7 shows the strength test apparatus 20 used for the bending load resistance test and the bending fracture test. At the end of the specimen T, a metal fitting 21 conforming to the standard of insulator A is attached to the end of the Kyushu Electric Power Co., Inc. distribution equipment standard high voltage ZnO, and fixed to the fixing base 22 of the strength test apparatus 20 via the metal fitting 21. On the other end side, a wire 24 suspended in a loop shape is hooked from above the insulator mounting surface 23 of the fixing base 22 to a position corresponding to the entire length of the insulator A, and the wire 24 is pulled upward. A bending load was applied to the specimen T, and the displacement and fracture strength of the outer end portion were measured.
[0028]
As shown in FIG. 8, the test includes a state in which the adhesive surface 25 is vertical and the adhesive surface 25 is aligned with the bending direction, and a state in which the adhesive surface 25 is inclined 45 degrees as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 10, the bonding surface 25 is horizontal and the bonding surface 25 is made to be orthogonal to the bending direction so as to correspond to the bending of the insulator A from each direction.
[0029]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003854340
Table 2 shows the results of the above test. The specimen T was held at 280 kgf for 1 minute in the bending load test, and a displacement angle of 5 ° or more was not observed, and in the bending fracture load test. It can be seen that the standard imposed on Isogo A being 700 kgf or more is sufficiently satisfied.
[0030]
The displacement angle (degree) was calculated by the following equation.
[0031]
θ = tan −1 (y / x)
Where θ: Displacement angle (degrees)
x: distance from the insulator mounting surface of the fixed base to the actual measurement position y: actual measurement displacement.
[0032]
The measurement result showed that it was almost equivalent to 800 to 1000 kgf which is the strength of the conventional insulator, and it became clear that it could be sufficiently used as a normal insulator.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention has the following effects.
[0034]
(1) Coal ash generated as waste at the power plant will be reused for the production of insulators used in related businesses, and it will be possible to realize a socially desirable form of resource recycling.
[0035]
(2) It is easy to form insulators by using coal ash.
[0036]
(3) The reinforcing fiber material can be used effectively, the bending rigidity and strength are increased, and the strength as an insulator can be satisfied.
[0037]
(4) By using resin or coal ash as the raw material, the weight of the insulator is reduced to about 1/2.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows a side half sectional view of a molded insulator produced according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a press for forming an insulator piece and a charge state of a premix compound.
FIG. 3 shows the flow state of the premix compound during molding.
FIG. 4 shows an arrangement state of fiber materials of a premix compound at the time of molding.
FIG. 5 shows a side view of the specimen.
FIG. 6 shows a front cross section of the test piece.
FIG. 7 shows a front view of the strength test apparatus.
FIG. 8 shows an application state of the strength test, showing a state in which the bonding surface is vertical and the bonding surface is made to coincide with the bending direction.
FIG. 9 similarly shows a state where the bonding surface is inclined 45 degrees.
FIG. 10 similarly shows a state where the adhesive surface is horizontal and the adhesive surface is orthogonal to the bending direction.
[Explanation of symbols]
A insulator C chopped strand P premix compound S bonding surface a insulator divided body T specimen t specimen divided body 1 upper mold 2 lower mold 20 strength testing device 21 metal fixture 22 fixing base 23 insulator mounting surface 24 wire 25 bonding surface

Claims (4)

石炭灰に熱硬化性合成樹脂とともに強化性繊維性物質を、重量比で熱硬化性合成樹脂を100として、強化性繊維性物質を102〜130と石炭灰を170〜200の割合で混練し硬化してなることを特徴とする石炭灰を利用した碍子。Coal ash is kneaded and cured with a thermosetting synthetic resin and a thermosetting synthetic resin at a weight ratio of 100 to thermosetting synthetic resin, 102 to 130 with reinforcing fiber material and 170 to 200 with coal ash. insulator using coal ash, characterized in that it is composed of. 請求項1に記載の石炭灰が、予め、炭酸カルシウムを、重量比で石炭灰170〜200に対し、85〜100混練したものであることを特徴とする石炭灰を利用した碍子。The insulator using the coal ash according to claim 1, wherein the coal ash according to claim 1 is obtained by kneading calcium carbonate with respect to the coal ash 170 to 200 in a weight ratio of 85 to 100 in advance. 石炭灰と熱硬化性合成樹脂と強化性繊維性物質との、重量比で熱硬化性合成樹脂を100として、強化性繊維性物質を102〜130と石炭灰を170〜200の割合の混練物を加熱手段を具備する上下型によって圧着して、碍子の軸芯を通る平面で2分割された碍子分割体を得た後、この碍子分割体の分割面を互いに接着し一体化することを特徴とする石炭灰を利用した碍子の製造方法。 A kneaded mixture of coal ash, thermosetting synthetic resin and reinforcing fiber material in a weight ratio of 100 to thermosetting synthetic resin, 102 to 130 of reinforcing fiber material and 170 to 200 of coal ash. crimp the vertical type having a heating means, after obtaining the bisected insulator divided body in a plane passing through the axis of the insulator, characterized in that bonding integrally a split surface of the insulator divided body with each other A method for producing insulators using coal ash. 請求項3に記載の碍子分割体の型押し成形のための上下型のうちの下型上面の中央部に、混練物を可及的に高く盛上げて載置し、上下型を圧着することにより繊維性物質を碍子の長手方向に配向させた状態で成形することを特徴とする石炭灰を利用した碍子の製造方法。  By placing the kneaded material as high as possible on the center of the upper surface of the lower mold of the upper and lower molds for stamping and molding the insulator divided body according to claim 3, and pressing the upper and lower molds together. A method for producing an insulator using coal ash, characterized in that the fibrous material is molded in a state in which it is oriented in the longitudinal direction of the insulator.
JP20084896A 1996-07-30 1996-07-30 Insulator using coal ash and method for producing the same Expired - Fee Related JP3854340B2 (en)

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KR100411818B1 (en) * 2001-10-31 2003-12-24 한국전력공사 A Manufacture Method for Plastic Insulator
JP2008257978A (en) * 2007-04-04 2008-10-23 Meidensha Corp Insulating composition for high voltage equipment
JP2008257977A (en) * 2007-04-04 2008-10-23 Meidensha Corp Insulating composition for voltage equipment
CN111646777A (en) * 2020-06-18 2020-09-11 萍乡欧姆绝缘子有限公司 Pin type porcelain insulator and preparation method thereof
CN111646779A (en) * 2020-06-18 2020-09-11 萍乡欧姆绝缘子有限公司 Suspension insulator and preparation method thereof
CN117656575A (en) * 2023-12-21 2024-03-08 安徽恒宇环保设备制造股份有限公司 A sorting device for residual carbon and carbon ash in coal gasification ash

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