JP3854516B2 - Ashes unburnt measurement device - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an unburned ash measurement apparatus suitable for use in a boiler such as a thermal power plant, and is devised so that an average value of unburned ash in exhaust gas can be measured.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, chemical analyzers are well known as devices for measuring calorific values, unburnt components, and component compositions of pulverized coal, fly ash (ash), and the like. However, since these analyzers require a considerable amount of time (20 to 120 minutes) from taking a sample to obtaining an analysis result, the measurement results are used for boilers (in the case of a thermal power plant). It was difficult to control.
[0003]
Therefore, the inventors of the present invention have previously conceived of adopting a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS method) proposed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-185817, etc. to make an apparatus.
[0004]
The LIBS method is implemented as shown in FIG.
That is, a measurement object exists (circulates) in the piping 1 of various plants and the like. Measurement objects include pulverized coal, fly ash, and the like. A measurement window 3 having a purge air passage 3a is installed in the measurement field 2 of the pipe 1.
[0005]
The laser beam output from the pulse laser device 5 constituting the LIBS device 4 is condensed on the measurement field 2 via the lens 6 and the measurement window 3. For this reason, the fine particles present in the measurement field 2 are turned into plasma, and plasma light is generated from the plasmad component material.
[0006]
The generated plasma light is output to the outside from the measurement window 3 of the measurement field 2, reflected by the mirror 7, further condensed by the lens 8, and incident on the spectroscope 9. The spectroscope 9 splits plasma light having a wavelength of 190 nm to 500 nm (or a partial wavelength range within this range), and inputs the split light component to the CCD camera 10.
[0007]
The CCD camera 10 capable of high-speed gate detects the spectral plasma light dispersed by the spectroscope 9 and transfers a signal corresponding to the spectral plasma light to the computer 11. The CCD camera 10 is connected to the pulse laser device 5 via a synchronization line 12, and the gate control of the CCD camera 10 and the oscillation of the pulse laser device 5 are synchronized.
[0008]
The computer 11 can detect the type and concentration of the composition component existing in the measurement field 2 by performing information processing calculation on the transferred signal (having light emission intensity information from each component), The calorific value of pulverized coal and fly ash, unburned components, component composition, etc. are calculated in real time from the types and concentrations of these composition components.
[0009]
As described above, since the LIBS device 4 can measure the composition component of the measurement object in real time at the measurement site, the operation control of the plant and the like can be performed satisfactorily based on the measurement result.
[0010]
Therefore, the present inventor has developed and filed a novel unburned ash measurement system that can measure unburned ash in a boiler in real time using the LIBS apparatus described above (Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-2001). 184516).
[0011]
Here, the contents of the previously filed Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-184516 will be described. FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of the previously applied filing measurement system for unburned ash, FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the operation thereof, FIG. 4 (a) is a diagram for explaining a flow path in a normal mode, and FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the operation, FIG. 6A is an explanatory diagram of the purge mode channel, and FIG. 6B is an explanatory diagram of the sample mode channel.
[0012]
As shown in FIG. 4, first ejectors 20a and 20b for sucking sample gas containing ash into a main sampling line A branched from a combustion gas (exhaust gas) line of a boiler (not shown) through a valve device as appropriate. The first cyclone 21 that separates and collects ash from the sample gas sucked by the first ejectors 20a and 20b, and the second ejector that sucks the ash separated and collected by the first cyclone 21 22 are sequentially inserted from the upstream side of the line to the downstream side.
[0013]
In the line between the first cyclone 21 and the second ejector 22, the ash that flows through the line is irradiated with a laser to make its composition component into plasma, and plasma light generated from the plasma is incident on the spectrometer. , A LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) device 4 for measuring the unburned content in the ash from the spectrum light separated by the spectroscope is provided.
[0014]
The gas components centrifuged by the first cyclone 21 are merged into the main sampling line A downstream of the second ejector 22 through the _first sub-sampling line A ₁ .
[0015]
Further, a second sub-sampling line A ₂ is separately formed in the middle of the main sampling line A upstream of the first ejectors 20a and 20b via three-way valves 23a and 23b, and this second sub-sampling line A _{2 is formed.} A flow meter 24 for measuring the flow rate of the sample gas is interposed in the middle of the process.
[0016]
The first ejectors 20a and 20b are provided in two stages, the front and the rear. The main sampling line A between the front ejector 20a and the rear ejector 20b is cut off when necessary. A shutoff valve 25 is interposed.
[0017]
A _third sub-sampling line A ₃ is branched from the main sampling line A downstream of the second ejector 22 via a three-way valve 26, and ash is separated and collected in the third sub-sampling line A _3. The second cyclone 28 is inserted together with the pot 29. The downstream end of the third sub-sampling line A ₃ is connected to the main sampling line A downstream of the three-way valve 26 via a shutoff valve 27 that shuts off the line when necessary.
[0018]
The three-way valves 23a, 23b, 26 and the shut-off valves 25, 27 are constituted by electromagnetic valves, for example, and are switched (open / closed) according to various modes to be described later by a control device (not shown). In addition, flow meters (not shown) are installed at five locations of the first ejectors 20a and 20b, the second ejector 22, the first cyclone 21 of the main sampling line A, and the LIBS device 4 measurement section, and the sample gas flowing through the portions. And the ash flow rate is monitored appropriately.
[0019]
Because of such a configuration, first, in the normal mode shown in FIG. 5A, the three-way valves 23a, 23b, and 26 are switched to the main sampling line A side, and the shut-off valve 25 is opened while the shut-off valve 27 is opened. Is closed.
[0020]
Thus, the sample gas sucked into the main sampling line A by the first ejectors 20a and 20b is guided to the first cyclone 21, where the ash content in the gas is separated and collected. The separated and collected ash is sucked by the second ejector 22 and then merged with the gas that has passed through the first sub-sampling line A ₁ and discharged out of the main sampling line A.
[0021]
The ash content separated and collected by the first cyclone 21 is measured by the LIBS device 4 while the ash content from the first cyclone 21 reaches the second ejector 22. In other words, the LIBS device 4 measures the C component caused by Si, Al, Ca, Fe and the unburned components as the main components in the ash, and calculates the unburned content from the ratio of Si, Al, Ca, Fe and C. It is calculated.
[0022]
In the boiler, based on the measurement result of the LIBS device 4, for example, the combustion condition in the boiler furnace is changed by increasing or decreasing the pulverization degree of pulverized coal and the unburned portion is controlled.
[0023]
Next, in the flow rate measurement mode shown in (b) of FIG. 5, the three-way valve 23a, 23b is switched to the second sub-sampling line A ₂ side, others are the same as the state in (a) of FIG.
[0024]
As a result, the sample gas sucked by the first ejectors 20 a and 20 b passes through the second sub-sampling line A ₂ and is guided to the first cyclone 21 while the flow rate is measured by the flow meter 24.
[0025]
As a result, the unburned component in the ash can be measured while monitoring the flow rate of the sample gas. This flow rate measurement mode is normally operated for about one hour, and further operation is avoided because it causes the clogging of the flow meter 24 and the like.
[0026]
Next, in the purge mode shown in FIG. 6A, the shutoff valve 25 is closed, and the three-way valves 23a, 23b, and 26 are switched to the main sampling line A side, while the shutoff valve 27 is closed.
[0027]
As a result, the air introduced from the former ejector 20a flows back through the main sampling line A upstream of the ejector 20a (see the arrow in the figure), and the ash adhering to the pipe inner wall of the same line, the components of the three-way valves 23a, 23b, etc. while purging, the air introduced from the downstream ejector 20b flows through the primary sampling line a and the first sub-sampling line a ₁ of the ejector 20b downstream, adhering to parts such inner wall and various instruments of the same line Purge the ash.
[0028]
In this purge mode, the ash of the second sub-sampling line A ₂ and the third sub-sampling line A ₃ can also be purged by switching the three-way valves 23a, 23b, 26 and the shut-off valve 27 in reverse. In addition, it is preferable that this purge mode is automatically set when a system error occurs.
[0029]
Finally, in the sample mode shown in FIG. 6B, the three-way valves 23a and 23b are switched to the main sampling line A side and the shutoff valve 25 is opened, while the three-way valve 26 is on the third sub-sampling line A ₃ side. And the shut-off valve 27 is opened.
[0030]
Thus, the sample gas sucked into the main sampling line A by the first ejectors 20a and 20b is guided to the first cyclone 21, where the ash content in the gas is separated and collected. The separated and collected ash is sucked by the second ejector 22 and then guided to the third sub-sampling line A _3, and the ash in the gas is separated again by the second cyclone 28 and collected in the pot 29. . The gas components separated by the second cyclone 28 are joined to the main sampling line A through the shut-off valve 27.
[0031]
After operating for about 2 hours in the mode, the ash collected and acquired in the pot 29 is subjected to component analysis by a chemical analyzer or an X-ray analyzer, and unburned components are measured. The measurement result and the measurement result of the LIBS device 4 are compared, and if the measurement value is different, the measurement value of the LIBS device 4 may be calibrated.
[0032]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in the unburned ash measurement system of Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-184516 filed earlier, the sampling point of the exhaust gas is one point, so the average values of the unburned ash content and the ash composition components in the exhaust gas are accurately determined. There was a possibility that it could not be measured.
[0033]
An object of the present invention is to provide an unburned ash measurement apparatus capable of accurately measuring the unburned ash content in ash and the average values of ash composition components in view of the above-described conventional technology. .
[0035]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The configuration of the present invention that solves the above problems is a sampling line that samples and conveys the exhaust gas from a plurality of locations in the flue where the exhaust gas generated from the furnace of the boiler exists,
The sampling line is connected and exhaust gas is supplied, and when the carrier air is supplied, an ejector that sucks the exhaust gas and sends it to the downstream side together with the carrier air;
A pipe that is connected to the ejector after passing through the flue, and a carrier air supply line that feeds carrier air to the ejector;
A powder carrier air supply line that is piped in a state of passing through the flue and then coming out of the flue and carrying powder carrier air;
A powder feeder connected to and connected to the carrier air supply line for powder and mixing powder into the carrier air for powder whose type and concentration of the component are known in advance;
The exhaust gas sent from the ejector and the carrier air for powder mixed with powder from the carrier air supply line for powder are supplied, and the carrier air for powder mixed with the exhaust gas sent from the ejector and powder. A three-way valve to switch and select one to send out,
A cyclone for separating and collecting ash or powder from the exhaust gas or powder carrier air supplied from the three-way valve;
The ash or powder separated and collected by the cyclone is supplied, the ash or powder is irradiated with a laser to make its composition component into plasma, and the plasma light generated from this plasma is incident on the spectrometer. And a measuring device for measuring unburned components or compositional components in the ash from the spectrum light dispersed in the above.
[0036]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of an unburned ash measurement apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings.
[0037]
<First Embodiment>
FIG.1 and FIG.2 shows the unburned ash content measuring apparatus concerning the 1st Embodiment of this invention. In FIG. 1, 101 is a boiler flue, and 102 is a space inside the flue.
[0038]
As shown in FIG. 1, an ejector 103, a powder feeder 104, a three-way valve 105, a cyclone 106, a LIBS device 107, and ejectors 108 and 109 are provided outside the flue 101.
[0039]
The exhaust gas existing in the flue 101 sampled by the sampling probes 121, 122, 123 shown in FIG. 2 is supplied to the inlet of the sampling line L1, and this exhaust gas G passes through the flue space 102 via the sampling line L1. Then, it is conveyed to the ejector 103 outside the flue. The ejector 103 is supplied with the carrier air A1 via the carrier air supply line L2.
[0040]
In FIG. 2, the exhaust gas G flows from the front surface side to the back surface side of the paper, and a plurality of sampling probes 121, 122, 123 are inserted into the flue 101.
[0041]
The sampling probe 121 has three sampling holes 121a, 121b, and 121c, the sampling probe 122 has three sampling holes 122a, 122b, and 122c, and the sampling probe 123 has three sampling holes 123a, 123b, and 123c. Yes. That is, nine sampling holes are uniformly distributed in the plane of the flue 101. Therefore, even if there is a concentration distribution in the ash contained in the exhaust gas G in the flue 101, the exhaust gas G is sampled from a plurality of sampling holes. The ash is average.
[0042]
The exhaust gases G sampled by the sampling probes 121, 122, and 123 are joined, connected to the sampling line L 1 in FIG. 1, heated in the flue space 102, and then sucked into the ejector 103.
[0043]
Returning to FIG. 1, the carrier air supply line L <b> 2 enters the flue space 102 from the outside flue space, reverses in the flue space 102, and then exits the flue space, that is, the flue space 102. The pipe is connected to the ejector 103 after passing through the pipe. Since the flue space 102 is at a high temperature of about 300 ° C., the carrier air A1 is heated when passing through the carrier air supply line L2 existing in the flue space 102 and is 100 ° C. or higher (for example, 150 ° C.). ° C) and supplied to the ejector 103.
[0044]
When the carrier air A1 is supplied, the ejector 103 sucks the exhaust gas G from the sampling line L1, and transports the exhaust gas G together with the carrier air A1 toward the three-way valve 105.
[0045]
The powder carrier air supply line L <b> 3 passes through the flue space 102 and then exits the flue and is connected to the three-way valve 105. For this reason, the carrier air A2 is heated when passing through the powder carrier air supply line L3 existing in the flue space 102, and becomes 100 ° C. or higher (for example, 150 ° C.), and reaches the three-way valve 105. Supplied.
[0046]
The powder supply feeder 104 is connected to and connected to the carrier air supply line L3 for powder, and the type of composition component and the concentration of the component are known in advance, and calibration powder is mixed into the carrier air A2. To do.
[0047]
The three-way valve 105 switches and selects the valve so that the exhaust gas G mixed with the carrier air A1 sent from the ejector 103 is sent to the cyclone 106 in the normal measurement mode (unburned fuel measurement mode). To do. On the other hand, in the calibration mode, the powder mixed in the carrier air A2 (powder supplied from the powder feeder 104) supplied from the carrier air supply line L3 for powder is sent to the cyclone 106. Switch and select valves.
[0048]
When the exhaust gas G mixed with the carrier air A <b> 1 is supplied, the cyclone 106 separates and collects the ash content in the exhaust gas G and sends the ash content to the LIBS device 107. When powder mixed in the carrier air A2 is supplied, the powder is separated and collected from the carrier air A2, and the powder is sent to the LIBS device 107. The gas from which the ash and powder are separated is sent to the flue space 102 through the discharge line L4 in which the ejector 109 is interposed. The ejector 109 is supplied with the carrier air A3 by the carrier air supply line L5 arranged in a state of passing through the flue space 102. The carrier air A3 is heated when passing through the carrier air supply line L5 existing in the flue space 102.
[0049]
A LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) device 107 irradiates a laser to the separated and collected ash and powder to make the composition component into plasma, and the plasma light generated from the plasma is incident on the spectroscope. The unburned part in ash is measured from the spectrum light dispersed by the vessel, and the composition and concentration of the powder are measured.
[0050]
The ash and powder that have passed through the LIBS device 107 are sent to the flue space 102 via a discharge line L6 in which an ejector 108 is interposed. The ejector 108 is supplied with the carrier air A4 through the carrier air supply line L7 disposed in a state of passing through the flue space 102. The carrier air A4 is heated when passing through the carrier air supply line L7 existing in the flue space 102.
[0051]
In the normal measurement mode (when the unburned amount is measured), the three-way valve 105 is switched and selected so that the exhaust gas G mixed with the carrier air A1 sent from the ejector 103 is sent to the cyclone 106. . For this reason, the ash collected and separated by the cyclone 106 is sent to the LIBS device 107, and the unburned content in the ash can be measured. At this time, the carrier air A1 supplied to the ejector 103 is heated when passing through the carrier air supply line L2 existing in the flue space 102, and is 100 ° C. or higher (for example, 150 ° C.). For this reason, even if it mixes with the exhaust gas G, the temperature of the exhaust gas G is not lowered. Therefore, the ash does not absorb moisture and the ash does not solidify. Thereby, the unburned portion can be accurately measured by the LIBS device 107. In this case, since the ash content contained in the exhaust gas G is average, the average unburned content can be measured.
[0052]
On the other hand, in the calibration mode, the powder mixed in the carrier air A2 (powder supplied from the powder feeder 104) supplied from the carrier air supply line L3 for powder is sent to the cyclone 106. Switches / selects the three-way valve 105. For this reason, the powder collected and separated by the cyclone 106 is sent to the LIBS device 107, and the identification and composition concentration of the powder are measured. Since the composition and concentration of this powder are known in advance, the measured value of the LIBS device 107 can be calibrated so that the measured composition identification and composition concentration are matched with the actual composition and concentration known in advance. This calibration adjustment can be performed in real time.
[0053]
Further, in order to perform calibration adjustment, it is only necessary to add the powder feeder 104 and the powder carrier air supply line L3, so that an extra cyclone for calibration is unnecessary, and the configuration of the calibration apparatus is simple. Become.
[0054]
<Second Embodiment>
FIG. 3 shows an unburned ash measurement apparatus according to a second embodiment obtained by improving the first embodiment shown in FIG. In the second embodiment, the sampling line L1 is branched into three in the flue space 102 to become branched sampling lines L1a, L1b, L1c, and the inlets of the branched sampling lines L1a, L1b, L1c are Openings are made at different positions in the flue space 102. Ejectors 103a, 103b, and 103c are interposed in the branch sampling lines L1a, L1b, and L1c.
[0055]
Carrier air A1a, A1b, and A1c are supplied to the ejectors 103a, 103b, and 103c via carrier air supply lines L2a, L2b, and L2c, respectively. The carrier air A1a, A1b, A1c is heated when passing through a portion of the carrier air supply lines L2a, L2b, L2c existing in the flue space 102, and then supplied to the ejectors 103a, 103b, 103c. In addition, the supply amounts of the carrier air A1a, A1b, and A1c are adjusted so that the suction gas amounts from the branch sampling lines L1a, L1b, and L1c are equal, so that the ejectors 103a, 103b, and 103c are exhausted by constant speed suction. Aspirate G. The sucked exhaust gas G joins at the sampling line L1 and is transported to the three-way valve 105. In addition, the component of the exhaust gas which joined the exhaust gas sampled from each branch sampling line L1a, L1b, L1c is the same as the component of the exhaust gas which exists in this flue space 102 because it is the exhaust gas sampled in multiple points.
[0056]
The configuration of the other parts is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
[0057]
In the second embodiment, since the exhaust gas G is sucked (multi-point suction) from different positions in the flue space 102, the average ash in the flue is different even if the ash properties at the sampling points in the flue are different. It can measure the amount of unburned fuel.
[0058]
Needless to say, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
[0060]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the present invention, the sampling line that samples and conveys the exhaust gas from a plurality of locations in the flue where the exhaust gas generated from the furnace of the boiler exists, and the sampling line is connected to supply the exhaust gas. And an ejector that sucks exhaust gas when the carrier air is supplied and sends it to the downstream side together with the carrier air, and is piped so as to be connected to the ejector after passing through the flue. A carrier air supply line for supplying to the ejector, a carrier air supply line for powder which is piped in a state of passing through the flue and then coming out of the flue and carrying the carrier air for powder, and the carrier air for powder A powder feeder that is intercalated and connected to the supply line, and that mixes the powder of which the type of composition component and the concentration of the composition component are known in advance into the carrier air for the powder; The exhaust gas sent from the ejector and the carrier air for powder mixed with powder from the carrier air supply line for powder are supplied, and the carrier air for powder mixed with the exhaust gas sent from the ejector and powder. A three-way valve that switches and selects one of them, a cyclone that separates and collects ash or powder from the exhaust gas or powder carrier air supplied from the three-way valve, and a separator that separates and collects the ash or powder. The ash or powder is supplied, laser is irradiated to the ash or powder to make its composition component into plasma, and the plasma light generated from this plasma is incident on the spectroscope, and from the spectrum light spectrally separated by the spectroscope It was set as the structure provided with the measuring device which measures the unburned content in a ash, or a composition component.
Because of such a configuration, even if the ash properties at each of the plurality of sampling points are different, the ash properties of the combined exhaust gas become average, and the measurement accuracy is improved.
Furthermore, since calibration is performed using a known powder, the measurement apparatus can be calibrated in real time.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an ashes-unburned fuel measuring device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
[Fig. 2] Fig. 2 is a configuration diagram showing a main part of the unburned ash measurement apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an ashes-unburned fuel measuring device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an ashes unburned fuel measurement system filed earlier.
FIGS. 5A and 5B are operation explanatory views of the previously filed unburned ash measurement system, in which FIG. 5A is a flow path explanatory view in a normal mode, and FIG. 5B is a flow path explanatory view in a flow rate measurement mode; .
6A and 6B are operation explanatory views of the previously filed unburned ash measurement system, wherein FIG. 6A is a flow path explanatory view in the purge mode, and FIG. 6B is a flow path explanatory view in the sample mode.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a LIBS apparatus.
[Explanation of symbols]
101 Flue space 102 Flue space 103 Ejector 104 Powder feeder 105 Three-way valve 106 Cyclone 107 LIBS devices 108, 109 Ejectors 121, 122, 123 Sampling probe L1 Carrier air supply line L2 Sampling lines L2a, L2b, L2c Branch sampling line L3 Powder Body carrier air supply line

Claims (1)

A sampling line for sampling and conveying the exhaust gas from a plurality of locations in the flue where the exhaust gas generated from the furnace of the boiler exists,
The sampling line is connected and exhaust gas is supplied, and when the carrier air is supplied, an ejector that sucks the exhaust gas and sends it to the downstream side together with the carrier air;
A pipe that is connected to the ejector after passing through the flue, and a carrier air supply line that feeds carrier air to the ejector;
A powder carrier air supply line that is piped in a state of passing through the flue and then coming out of the flue and carrying powder carrier air;
A powder feeder connected to and connected to the carrier air supply line for powder and mixing powder into the carrier air for powder whose type and concentration of the component are known in advance;
The exhaust gas sent from the ejector and the carrier air for powder mixed with powder from the carrier air supply line for powder are supplied, and the carrier air for powder mixed with the exhaust gas sent from the ejector and powder. A three-way valve to switch and select one to send out,
A cyclone for separating and collecting ash or powder from the exhaust gas or powder carrier air supplied from the three-way valve;
The ash or powder separated and collected by the cyclone is supplied, the ash or powder is irradiated with a laser to make its composition component into plasma, and the plasma light generated from this plasma is incident on the spectrometer. And a measuring device for measuring unburned components or compositional components in the ash from the spectrum light dispersed in the ash.

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