JP3854592B2 - Charger charging device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a charging device for a rechargeable capacitor such as an electric double layer capacitor, and more particularly to a device for charging a plurality of capacitors connected in series.

  An electric double layer capacitor is used as a capacitor that can be repeatedly charged and discharged. The electric double layer capacitor has characteristics of being capable of rapid charge / discharge with a large current and having a long life compared to a secondary battery using an electrochemical reaction. However, since the withstand voltage per one is generally as low as about 2.5 V, in order to increase the output voltage, it is necessary to use a plurality of electric double layer capacitors connected in series. In addition, since the electric double layer capacitor has a characteristic of rapidly deteriorating when charged beyond the withstand voltage, it is necessary to use the electric double layer capacitor within a range not exceeding the withstand voltage.

  When charging a plurality of electric double layer capacitors connected in series at the same time, since the electric double layer capacitors have different capacitances, the charging voltages also vary. In order to efficiently store electric energy in each electric double layer capacitor, it is desirable to perform charging so that the voltage of each electric double layer capacitor becomes equal within a range not exceeding the withstand voltage. Therefore, a circuit for correcting the variation in the voltage of each electric double layer capacitor and charging so that the voltage becomes equal is required. An example of such a circuit is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-136660 (Patent Document 1).

JP 2001-136660 A

  By increasing the number of electric double layer capacitors connected in series to increase the overall withstand voltage, the electric energy that can be stored can be increased, and the discharge current to the load can be reduced. However, when the withstand voltage of the entire electric double layer capacitor connected in series is sufficiently higher than the output voltage of the charging power supply, in order to efficiently store electric energy in the electric double layer capacitor, for example, a DC-DC converter is used. It is necessary to charge by boosting the voltage from the charging power source using a simple boosting circuit. In this case, there is a problem that it is difficult to reduce the size of the charging device.

  According to the present invention, each of the capacitors connected in series can be charged so that the voltages are equal, and the voltage from the charging power source can be obtained without using a boosting circuit such as a DC-DC converter. An object of the present invention is to provide a charging device for a battery that can be boosted to charge the battery.

  In order to achieve such an object, a charging device for a capacitor according to the first aspect of the present invention is a device for charging a plurality of capacitors connected in series using a power source for charging, and both terminals of each capacitor And a charging transformer including a charging winding capable of applying substantially the same induced voltage between both terminals of each capacitor, and the induced voltage is applied between both terminals of each capacitor. A switching means capable of switching the connection state between each capacitor and the charging winding, and a control means for performing switching control of the connection state between each capacitor and the charging winding. The storage battery is constituted by a storage battery connected between both terminals of the charging power supply and a storage battery not connected between both terminals of the charging power supply. Connection between capacitor and charging winding By switching the state, the induced voltage generated in the charging winding is charged is made is applied, the charging voltage across the plurality of capacitors, characterized in that greater than the output voltage of the charging power supply.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, since substantially the same induced voltage can be applied between both terminals of each capacitor, charging can be performed so that the voltage of each capacitor becomes equal. Furthermore, a capacitor that is not connected between both terminals of the charging power source is charged by applying an induced voltage generated in the charging winding, so that a boosting circuit such as a DC-DC converter is provided. The battery can be charged by boosting the voltage from the charging power source without using it. Note that the power storage unit here may be a single power storage cell or a plurality of power storage cells connected in parallel.

  A charging device for a capacitor according to a second aspect of the present invention is the device according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the switching means is capable of switching between conduction / non-conduction between each capacitor and a charging winding. And the control means alternately switches between conduction and non-conduction between each capacitor and the charging winding.

  According to this configuration, it is possible to apply substantially the same induced voltage to each capacitor by alternately switching conduction / non-conduction between each capacitor and the charging winding, so that the voltage of each capacitor is equalized. Charging can be performed as follows.

  A charging device for a capacitor according to a third aspect of the present invention is the device according to the second aspect of the present invention, wherein the charging transformer is magnetically coupled to the charging winding, and is induced across a plurality of capacitors. It further includes a recovery winding to which a voltage can be applied.

  According to this configuration, the magnetic energy stored in the charging transformer is recovered by including the recovery winding that is magnetically coupled to the charging winding and can apply the induced voltage to the entire plurality of capacitors. It can be recovered from the line to the battery.

  A capacitor charging device according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the device according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the switching means can switch the connection direction of the charging winding with respect to the positive and negative terminals of each capacitor. The control means switches the connection direction of the charging winding with respect to the positive and negative terminals of each capacitor.

  According to this configuration, by switching the connection direction of the charging winding with respect to the positive and negative terminals of each capacitor, it is possible to apply substantially the same induced voltage to each capacitor almost always, so that the uniform charging operation is efficiently performed. Can do. Furthermore, a collection winding for collecting the magnetic energy stored in the charging transformer to the capacitor is not necessary.

  A charging device for a battery according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is the device according to any one of the first to fourth aspects of the present invention, wherein the charging transformer is provided by being divided into a plurality of transformers. Each of the transformers includes a winding magnetically coupled to the charging winding, and the windings are connected in parallel to each other.

  According to this configuration, each of the divided transformers includes a winding that is magnetically coupled to the charging winding, and the windings are connected in parallel to each other so that a large number of capacitors are connected in series. Since the output voltage can be increased, the discharge current to the load can be reduced.

  A charging device for a capacitor according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is the device according to any one of the first to fourth aspects of the present invention, wherein the charging transformer is divided into a plurality of transformers, and The transformers are connected via both terminals of the capacitor.

  According to this configuration, since the divided transformers are connected via both terminals of the capacitor, a large number of capacitors can be connected in series to increase the output voltage. Can be reduced.

  A capacitor charging device according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is the device according to any one of the first to sixth aspects of the present invention, further comprising voltage detection means for detecting a charging voltage of each capacitor, wherein the control means Is characterized in that when a predetermined difference occurs between the charging voltages of the respective capacitors, control is performed so as to switch the connection state between each of the capacitors and the charging winding.

  According to this configuration, when a predetermined difference occurs between the charging voltages of the respective capacitors, the loss during charging is reduced by controlling the connection state between each of the capacitors and the charging winding. Can be reduced.

  A charging device for an electric storage device according to an eighth aspect of the present invention is the device according to any one of the first to seventh aspects of the present invention, comprising charge / discharge detection means for detecting whether or not the electric storage device is in a charge / discharge state. Further, the control means is characterized in that when the capacitors are in a charge / discharge state, the control means controls to switch the connection state between each of the capacitors and the charging winding.

  According to this configuration, when the storage battery is in a charge / discharge state, loss during charging can be reduced by controlling the connection state between each storage battery and the charging winding to be switched.

  A capacitor charging device according to a ninth aspect of the present invention is the device according to any one of the first to eighth aspects of the present invention, wherein the capacitor is an electric double layer capacitor.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as embodiments) will be described with reference to the drawings.

(1) 1st Embodiment FIG.1, 2 is a circuit diagram which shows the outline of a structure of the charging device of the electrical storage device which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention, and shows the case where an electrical storage is an electrical double layer capacitor. The charging device of this embodiment includes a charging power source S101, a charging transformer T101, switches SW101 to SW106, and a switch control circuit B101.

  Electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 are connected in series with each other. Each of the electric double layer capacitors connected in series may be a single electric double layer capacitor cell or a plurality of electric double layer capacitor cells connected in parallel. Although not shown, a load is connected between the terminals TM101 and TM102 of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106.

  Charging power supply S101 can output a DC voltage, and electric double layer capacitors C104 to C106 are connected between both terminals. On the other hand, the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C103 are not connected between both terminals of the charging power source S101. As described above, the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 include the electric double layer capacitors C104 to C106 connected between both terminals of the charging power source S101 and the electric double layer capacitor C101 not connected between both terminals of the charging power source S101. To C103. Note that the output voltage of the charging power supply S101 is set in a range that does not exceed the withstand voltage of the entire electric double layer capacitors C104 to C106.

  The charging transformer T101 includes charging windings L101 to L106 and a recovery winding L141. Charging windings L101 to L106 are provided corresponding to electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106, respectively, and are connected between both terminals of electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106. The charging windings L101 to L106 are magnetically coupled to each other, and the number of turns is set to be substantially equal, so that substantially the same induction is caused between both terminals of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106. A voltage can be applied.

  The recovery winding L141 is connected between both terminals TM101 and TM102 of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106. The ratio of the number of windings of the recovery winding L141 and the number of windings of the charging windings L101 to L106 is set to be approximately equal to the number of electric double layer capacitors connected in series, that is, set to about 6 times in the example of FIG. Yes. The recovery winding L141 is magnetically coupled to the charging windings L101 to L106, so that an induced voltage can be applied to the entire electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106. In addition, a rectifier diode CD101 that allows only a current flow from the recovery winding L141 to the electric double layer capacitor C101 is provided between the recovery winding L141 and the electric double layer capacitor C101.

  The switches SW101 to SW106 as switching means are between the capacitor C101 and the winding L101, between the capacitor C102 and the winding L102, between the capacitor C103 and the winding L103, between the capacitor C104 and the winding L104, It is possible to switch between conduction / non-conduction between the capacitor C105 and the winding L105 and between the capacitor C106 and the winding L106. An FET can be used as an example of the switches SW101 to SW106.

  The switch control circuit B101 serving as a control unit performs control to alternately switch the conduction / non-conduction of the switches SW101 to SW106 in synchronization. As an example of a more specific configuration, the switch control circuit B101, as shown in FIG. 2, distributes a pulse generation circuit B102 that outputs a pulse voltage and distributes the pulse voltage to each of the switches SW101 to SW106. Transformer T102.

  In FIGS. 1 and 2, the number of electric double layer capacitors connected in series is six, and the number of electric double layer capacitors connected between both terminals of the charging power supply S101 is three. The number n1 of multilayer capacitors and the number n2 of electric double layer capacitors connected between both terminals of the charging power source S101 can be arbitrarily set under the condition of n1> n2.

  Next, the charging operation of this embodiment will be described.

  A voltage from the charging power source S101 is applied to the electric double layer capacitors C104 to C106. On the other hand, the switch control circuit B101 performs control to switch alternately while synchronizing the conduction / non-conduction of the switches SW101 to SW106.

  Here, since the number of turns of the charging windings L101 to L106 magnetically coupled to each other is substantially equal, the induced voltages generated in the charging windings L101 to L106 when the switches SW101 to SW106 are conductive are substantially the same. Since the charging windings L101 to L106 are respectively connected between both terminals of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106, the induced voltage generated in the charging windings L101 to L106 is almost the average of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106. When the switches SW101 to SW106 are turned on, this voltage is applied to each of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106. As described above, although the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C103 are not connected between both terminals of the charging power supply S101, the induced voltages generated in the charging windings L101 to L103 can be applied, respectively. Charging can be performed.

  If the voltages of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 vary when the switches SW101 to SW106 are turned on, the capacitor having a voltage higher than the induced voltage is connected to the charging winding connected between both terminals of the capacitor. A discharge current flows, and for a capacitor whose voltage is lower than the induced voltage, a charging current flows from a charging winding connected between both terminals of the capacitor. Therefore, charging is performed so that the voltages of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 are equal.

  When the switches SW101 to SW106 are non-conductive, an induced voltage is generated in the recovery winding L141 by the magnetic energy stored in the charging transformer T101. This voltage is applied to the entire electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106, and the charging current flows to the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 via the rectifier diode CD101, whereby energy recovery is performed, and the entire electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106. Is charged. As described above, the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C103 that are not connected between both terminals of the charging power source S101 can be charged also by the recovery winding L141.

  When the voltages of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 become equal, the current flowing toward the charging windings L101 to L106 is only the current I flowing to the inductance L of the charging windings L101 to L106. This current I is expressed by the following equation (1).

  I = e / L × t1 (1)

  Here, e is the voltage of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106, and t1 is the conduction time of the switches SW101 to SW106.

  In order to suppress the current I from the formula (1), it is preferable to increase the number of turns of the charging windings L101 to L106 and shorten the conduction time t1 of the switches SW101 to SW106. However, if the number of turns of the charging windings L101 to L106 is increased, loss due to winding resistance increases, so that the conduction time t1 of the switches SW101 to SW106 is shortened, that is, the switching frequency of the switches SW101 to SW106 by the switch control circuit B101. Is preferably increased.

  An example of the winding voltage waveform in this embodiment is shown in FIG. With respect to the conduction time t1 of the switches SW101 to SW106, the magnitude of the back electromotive voltage when the switches SW101 to SW106 are non-conducting is substantially equal to the magnitude of the forward voltage, and the duration t2 is also substantially equal to the conduction time t1.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, substantially the same induced voltage can be applied between both terminals of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 by the charging windings L101 to L106 of the charging transformer T101. Therefore, it can charge so that the voltage of each electric double layer capacitor C101-C106 may become equal. Therefore, electric energy can be efficiently stored in the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106.

  Further, the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C103 are charged by applying induced voltages generated in the charging windings L101 to L103, respectively, even if they are not connected between both terminals of the charging power supply S101. Therefore, the voltage from the charging power source S101 can be boosted to charge the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106, and the charging voltage of the entire electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 is higher than the output voltage of the charging power source S101. Get higher. Therefore, since the charging voltage of the entire electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 can be increased without increasing the output voltage of the charging power supply S101, the discharge current to the load can be reduced. Further, when the voltage from the charging power source S101 is boosted to charge the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106, there is no need to use a boosting circuit such as a DC-DC converter. Can be realized.

(2) Second Embodiment FIGS. 4 and 5 are circuit diagrams schematically showing the configuration of a charging device for an electric double layer capacitor according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The charging transformer T101 in this embodiment includes windings L151 to L153 with midpoint taps that are magnetically coupled to each other.

  As for winding L151 with a midpoint tap, the midpoint is connected between electric double layer capacitor C101 and electric double layer capacitor C102, and both terminals thereof are connected to both terminals of electric double layer capacitors C101 and C102. . However, the connection direction of the winding L151 with the midpoint tap to the positive and negative terminals of the electric double layer capacitors C101 and C102 can be switched by the switches SW101 and SW102. Specifically, the switches SW101 and SW102 connect the positive side terminal of the electric double layer capacitor C101 and one terminal of the winding L151 with a midpoint tap, and the negative side terminal of the electric double layer capacitor C102 and the midpoint tap. The first state (the state shown in FIG. 4) in which the other terminal of the winding L151 is connected, the positive terminal of the electric double layer capacitor C101, and the other terminal of the winding L151 with a mid-point tap are connected. It is possible to switch between the second state in which the negative terminal of the multilayer capacitor C102 and one terminal of the winding L151 with the midpoint tap are connected.

  Similarly, for the winding L152 with a midpoint tap, the midpoint is connected between the electric double layer capacitor C103 and the electric double layer capacitor C104, and both terminals thereof are connected to both terminals of the electric double layer capacitors C103 and C104. Connected. The switches SW103 and SW104 connect the positive side terminal of the electric double layer capacitor C103 and one terminal of the midpoint tapped winding L152, and the other side of the negative side terminal of the electric double layer capacitor C104 and the midpoint tapped winding L152. The first state of connecting the terminals (the state shown in FIG. 4), the positive side terminal of the electric double layer capacitor C103 and the other terminal of the winding L152 with a midpoint tap are connected, and the negative of the electric double layer capacitor C104 is connected. It is possible to switch between the second state in which the side terminal and one terminal of the winding L152 with the midpoint tap are connected. And about the winding L153 with a midpoint tap, the midpoint is connected between the electric double layer capacitor C105 and the electric double layer capacitor C106, and both terminals thereof are connected to both terminals of the electric double layer capacitors C105 and C106. Is done. The switches SW105 and SW106 connect the positive side terminal of the electric double layer capacitor C105 and one terminal of the midpoint tapped winding L153, and other than the negative side terminal of the electric double layer capacitor C106 and the midpoint tapped winding L153. The first state of connecting the terminals (the state shown in FIG. 4), the positive side terminal of the electric double layer capacitor C105 and the other terminal of the winding L153 with a midpoint tap are connected, and the negative state of the electric double layer capacitor C106 is connected. It is possible to switch between the second state in which the side terminal and one terminal of the winding L153 with a midpoint tap are connected.

  As described above, in this embodiment, the charging windings L101 and L102 for applying the induced voltage to the electric double layer capacitors C101 and C102 are constituted by the winding L151 with a midpoint tap. Similarly, the charging windings L103 and L104 for applying an induced voltage to the electric double layer capacitors C103 and C104 are constituted by a midpoint tapped winding L152, and the induced voltage is applied to the electric double layer capacitors C105 and C106. Charging windings L105 and L106 for this purpose are constituted by a winding L153 with a midpoint tap. Then, by alternately switching between the first state and the second state of the switches SW101 and SW102 described above, the charging windings L101 and L102 are connected in the direction of connection to the positive and negative terminals of the electric double layer capacitors C101 and C102. Switching is possible. Similarly, by alternately switching between the first state and the second state of the switches SW103 and SW104, the connection direction of the charging windings L103 and L104 with respect to the positive and negative terminals of the electric double layer capacitors C103 and C104 can be switched. By alternately switching the first state and the second state of the switches SW105 and SW106, the connection direction of the charging windings L105 and L106 with respect to the positive and negative terminals of the electric double layer capacitors C105 and C106 can be switched. It is.

  The switch control circuit B101 performs control to switch alternately while synchronizing the first state and the second state of the switches SW101 to SW106 described above. As an example of a more specific configuration, the switch control circuit B101, as shown in FIG. 5, distributes a pulse generation circuit B102 that outputs a pulse voltage, and distributes the pulse voltage to each of the switches SW101 to SW106. Transformer T102.

  Since other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment, description thereof will be omitted, and the charging operation of the present embodiment will be described below.

  A voltage from the charging power source S101 is applied to the electric double layer capacitors C104 to C106. On the other hand, the switch control circuit B101 performs control to switch alternately while synchronizing the first state and the second state of the switches SW101 to SW106 described above.

  Here, since the number of turns of the charging windings L101 to L106 magnetically coupled to each other is substantially equal, the induced voltages generated in the charging windings L101 to L106 when the switches SW101 to SW106 are in the first state are substantially the same. It becomes. Since the charging windings L101 to L106 are respectively connected between both terminals of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106, the induced voltage generated in the charging windings L101 to L106 is almost the average of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106. This voltage is applied to each of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 when the switches SW101 to SW106 are in the first state.

  In this embodiment, even if the switches SW101 to SW106 are switched to the second state, an induced voltage that is substantially the average voltage of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 is generated in each of the charging windings L101 to L106. A voltage is applied to each of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106.

  As in the first embodiment, when variations occur in the voltages of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106, the capacitor having a voltage higher than the induced voltage is connected to the charging winding connected between both terminals of the capacitor. A discharge current flows, and for a capacitor whose voltage is lower than the induced voltage, a charging current flows from a charging winding connected between both terminals of the capacitor. Therefore, charging is performed so that the voltages of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 are equal. In addition, although the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C103 are not connected between both terminals of the charging power supply S101, the induced voltages generated in the charging windings L101 to L103 can be applied, respectively. It can be carried out.

  An example of the winding voltage waveform in this embodiment is shown in FIG. The switch control circuit B101 of the present embodiment performs switching control of the switches SW101 to SW106 so that the time distribution in the first state and the time distribution in the second state of the switches SW101 to SW106 are substantially equal.

  Also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, charging can be performed so that the voltages of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 are equal, and a boosting circuit such as a DC-DC converter, for example, can be used. The electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 can be charged by boosting the voltage from the charging power source S101 without using.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the connection operation between the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 and the charging windings L101 to L106 is a push-pull operation, an induced voltage for correcting the voltage variation is always applied. Thus, the uniform charging operation can be performed efficiently. Further, since the magnetic energy stored in the charging transformer T101 can be recovered to the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 in the reverse half cycle, the recovery winding L141 and the rectifier diode CD101 in the first embodiment may be omitted. it can.

(3) Third Embodiment FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing an outline of a configuration of a charging device for an electric double layer capacitor according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C118 are connected in series, and the electric double layer capacitors C113 to C118 are connected between both terminals of the charging power source S101. The charging transformer T101 is divided into three transformers T111, T112, and T113. Transformers T111, T112, and T113 include windings L171, L172, and L173, respectively. Winding L171 is magnetically coupled to charging windings L101 to L106, winding L172 is magnetically coupled to charging windings L107 to L112, and winding L173 is magnetically coupled to charging windings L113 to L118. Is bound to. In addition, the windings L171, L172, and L173 are connected in parallel to each other, so that electrical connection is made between the transformers T111, T112, and T113. Since other configurations are the same as those of the second embodiment, description thereof is omitted.

  Although FIG. 7 shows an example in which the charging transformer T101 is divided into three, the number of divisions of the charging transformer T101 can be arbitrarily set. Also in the first embodiment, the charging transformer T101 can be divided into a plurality of parts.

  Here, as the number of electric double layer capacitors connected in series increases, it becomes difficult to secure the number of turns of the charging winding in the charging transformer T101 shared by one. However, according to this embodiment, a large number of electric double layer capacitors can be connected in series, the overall withstand voltage can be further increased, and the discharge current to the load can be further reduced.

  Furthermore, the electrical connection between the transformers when the charging transformer T101 is divided may be connected via both terminals of the electric double layer capacitor. As an example, FIG. 8 shows a case where a transformer T111 and a transformer T112 are connected via both terminals of electric double layer capacitors C106 and C107.

  In the configuration shown in FIG. 8, electric double layer capacitors C101 to C112 are connected in series, and electric double layer capacitors C107 to C112 are connected between both terminals of the charging power source S101. The transformer T111 further includes a midpoint tapped winding L161 magnetically coupled to the midpoint tapped windings L151 to L153, and the transformer T112 is magnetically coupled to the midpoint tapped windings L154 to L156. Furthermore, a winding L162 with a midpoint tap is further included.

  As for winding L161 with a midpoint tap, its midpoint is connected to the negative side terminal of electric double layer capacitor C107, and either one of the two terminals is connected to the positive side terminal of electric double layer capacitor C107 via switch SW121. Is done. The switch SW121 includes a first state (state shown in FIG. 8) for connecting the positive side terminal of the electric double layer capacitor C107 and one terminal of the winding L161 with a midpoint tap, and a positive side terminal of the electric double layer capacitor C107. And a second state in which the other terminal of the winding L161 with the midpoint tap is connected can be switched.

  Similarly, the midpoint tapped winding L162 has its midpoint connected to the positive terminal of the electric double layer capacitor C106, and either of the two terminals is connected to the negative side of the electric double layer capacitor C106 via the switch SW124. Connected to the terminal. Switch SW124 has a first state (state shown in FIG. 8) for connecting the negative terminal of electric double layer capacitor C106 and the other terminal of winding L162 with a midpoint tap, and a negative terminal of electric double layer capacitor C106. And a second state in which one terminal of the winding L162 with a midpoint tap is connected.

  When the switches SW121 and SW124 are in the first state (the state shown in FIG. 8), the charging winding L121 of the transformer T111 and the charging winding L107 of the transformer T112 are interposed between both terminals of the electric double layer capacitor C107. The charging winding L106 of the transformer T111 and the charging winding L124 of the transformer T112 are connected via both terminals of the electric double layer capacitor C106. On the other hand, when the switches SW121 and SW124 are in the second state, the charging winding L122 of the transformer T111 and the charging winding L108 of the transformer T112 are connected via both terminals of the electric double layer capacitor C107. The charging winding L105 of T111 and the charging winding L123 of the transformer T112 are connected via both terminals of the electric double layer capacitor C106.

  In FIG. 8, as an example of voltage variation, a case is considered where the voltage of the electric double layer capacitor C101 is higher than the induced voltage and the voltage of the electric double layer capacitor C112 is lower than the induced voltage. In this case, the electric double layer capacitor C112 receives a charging current from the electric double layer capacitors C106 to C111 via the transformer T112. On the other hand, the electric double layer capacitor C101 allows a charging current to flow to the electric double layer capacitors C102 to C107 via the transformer T111. Therefore, a charging current flows from the electric double layer capacitor C101 to the electric double layer capacitor C112 via the electric double layer capacitors C106 and C107, and charging is performed so that the voltages are equalized.

  FIG. 9 shows a case where a transformer T114 is further provided. In the configuration shown in FIG. 9, a transformer T111 and a transformer T114 are connected via both terminals of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C104, and the transformer T112 and the transformer T114 are connected to the electric double layer capacitors C109 to C112. Are connected via each of the two terminals. According to the configuration shown in FIG. 9, since the charging path for correcting the voltage variation is multiplexed, the current flowing to the electric double layer capacitor can be increased, and the charging time can be shortened.

  Note that the switch switching control by the switch control circuit B101 in each embodiment may be performed when a predetermined difference occurs between the charging voltages of the electric double layer capacitors, thereby causing a loss during charging. Can be reduced. In the configuration shown in FIG. 10 as an example, the voltage difference detection circuit D101 for measuring the charging voltage of each of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 and detecting the voltage difference between the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 is shown in FIG. It is further provided from the structure shown. The switch control circuit B101 determines whether to perform switching control of the switches SW101 to SW106 based on the output voltage from the voltage difference detection circuit D101.

  FIG. 11 shows, as an example of the voltage difference detection circuit D101, the absolute value of the difference between the average value (1/6 of the total voltage) of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 and the voltage of each electric double layer capacitor C101 to C106. This circuit outputs the amplified and added voltage. If the voltages of electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 are all equal, the output voltage becomes the midpoint voltage (between capacitor C103 and capacitor C104) of electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106. When the deviation between the output voltage and the midpoint voltage is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the switch control circuit B101 performs switching control of the switches SW101 to SW106. On the other hand, when the deviation between the output voltage and the midpoint voltage is smaller than the predetermined value, the switch control circuit B101 does not perform the switching control of the switches SW101 to SW106.

  In the example of the voltage difference detection circuit D101 shown in FIG. 12, the voltage across the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 is equally divided into six equal parts by six resistors R and six resistors r, and an open collector An error is detected by a type (or open drain type) comparator and synthesized by wired OR. When all are within the allowable range error, the output voltage is H level, and when even one error exceeds the allowable range, the output voltage is L level. Here, the allowable range of error is set by the resistor r. When the output voltage from the voltage difference detection circuit D101 is L level, the switch control circuit B101 performs switching control of the switches SW101 to SW106. On the other hand, when the output voltage from the voltage difference detection circuit D101 is H level, the switch control circuit B101 does not perform switching control of the switches SW101 to SW106.

  Further, the switch switching control by the switch control circuit B101 in each embodiment may be performed when the electric double layer capacitor is in a charge / discharge state, thereby reducing a loss during charging. it can. In the configuration shown in FIG. 13 as an example, a charge / discharge detection circuit D102 for detecting whether or not the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 are in a charge / discharge state is further provided from the configuration shown in FIG. The switch control circuit B101 determines whether to perform switching control of the switches SW101 to SW106 based on the output voltage from the charge / discharge detection circuit D102.

  In the example of the charge / discharge detection circuit D102 shown in FIG. 14, a minute resistor R101 is connected in series to the electric double layer capacitor C106, and the voltage generated in the minute resistor R101 is amplified in absolute value. If the charge / discharge current is 0, the output voltage is the midpoint voltage of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106. When the deviation between the output voltage and the midpoint voltage is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the switch control circuit B101 performs switching control of the switches SW101 to SW106. On the other hand, when the deviation between the output voltage and the midpoint voltage is smaller than the predetermined value, the switch control circuit B101 does not perform the switching control of the switches SW101 to SW106.

  In the above description, the case where the capacitor is an electric double layer capacitor has been described. However, the present invention can also be applied to capacitors other than electric double layer capacitors such as lead storage batteries, lithium ion batteries, and polymer batteries.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to such embodiment at all, and within the range which does not deviate from the technical idea of this invention, it can implement with a various form. Of course.

It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of the charging device of the electrical storage device which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of the charging device of the electrical storage device which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining an example of charge operation of the storage battery concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of the charging device of the condenser which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of the charging device of the condenser which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining an example of charge operation of the storage battery concerning a 2nd embodiment of the present invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of the charging device of the electrical storage device which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of the charging device of the battery which concerns on the modification of 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of the charging device of the battery which concerns on the modification of 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of the charging device of the electrical storage device which concerns on the modification of embodiment of this invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows an example of a structure of a voltage difference detection circuit. It is a circuit diagram which shows an example of a structure of a voltage difference detection circuit. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of the charging device of the electrical storage device which concerns on the modification of embodiment of this invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows an example of a structure of a charging / discharging detection circuit.

Explanation of symbols

  B101 switch control circuit, C101 to C118 electric double layer capacitor, L101 to L118 charging winding, S101 charging power source, SW101 to SW118 switch, T101 charging transformer.

Claims (9)

A device for charging a plurality of capacitors connected in series using a charging power source,
A charging transformer including a charging winding capable of magnetically coupling between both terminals of each capacitor and applying substantially the same induced voltage between both terminals of each capacitor;
Switching means capable of switching the connection state between each capacitor and the charging winding so that the induced voltage is applied between both terminals of each capacitor;
Control means for performing switching control of the connection state between each capacitor and the charging winding;
With
The plurality of capacitors are constituted by a capacitor connected between both terminals of the charging power source and a capacitor not connected between both terminals of the charging power source,
For capacitors that are not connected between both terminals of the charging power source, the control means switches the connection state between each capacitor and the charging winding, so that an induced voltage generated in the charging winding is applied and charged. And the charging voltage of the plurality of capacitors as a whole is larger than the output voltage of the charging power supply. The battery charger according to claim 1,
The switching means is capable of switching between conduction / non-conduction between each capacitor and the charging winding,
The battery charging device according to claim 1, wherein the control means alternately switches between conduction and non-conduction between each capacitor and the charging winding. The battery charger according to claim 2,
The charging device according to claim 1, wherein the charging transformer further includes a recovery winding that is magnetically coupled to the charging winding and that can apply an induced voltage to the entire plurality of storage capacitors. The battery charger according to claim 1,
The switching means is capable of switching the connection direction of the charging winding with respect to the positive and negative terminals of each capacitor,
The battery charging device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit switches a connection direction of the charging winding with respect to a positive / negative terminal of each battery. It is a charging device of the battery according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The charging transformer is divided into a plurality of transformers,
Each of the transformers includes a winding magnetically coupled to the charging winding;
A charging device for a battery, wherein the windings are connected in parallel to each other. It is a charging device of the battery according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The charging transformer is divided into a plurality of transformers,
A charging device for a battery, wherein the transformers are connected via both terminals of the battery. It is a charging device of the battery according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
Further comprising voltage detection means for detecting the charging voltage of each capacitor;
The battery charging device according to claim 1, wherein the control means performs control so as to switch a connection state between each battery and the charging winding when a predetermined difference occurs between the charging voltages of each battery. It is a charging device of the battery according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
Charging and discharging detecting means for detecting whether or not the battery is in a charging and discharging state;
The charging device for a capacitor is characterized in that the control means performs control so as to switch a connection state between each capacitor and a winding for charging when the capacitor is in a charge / discharge state. It is a charging device of the battery according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
The battery charger is an electric double layer capacitor.

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