JP3854675B2

JP3854675B2 - Ice heat storage device

Info

Publication number: JP3854675B2
Application number: JP34574396A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 義輝関
Original assignee: Takasago Thermal Engineering Co Ltd
Current assignee: Takasago Thermal Engineering Co Ltd
Priority date: 1996-12-25
Filing date: 1996-12-25
Publication date: 2006-12-06
Anticipated expiration: 2016-12-25
Also published as: JPH10185248A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、氷蓄熱装置に関し、更に詳細には過冷却水を利用して氷蓄熱を行う氷蓄熱装置に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
空気調和や産業プロセスにおいて、熱源容量を小さくすることができ、安価な夜間電力の利用が可能であり、運転管理の容易化を実現することができることから、冷熱や温熱を蓄積する蓄熱システムは多く利用されている。そして、その蓄熱媒体としては、安全で且つ安価であり液体としては比熱が大きく取り扱いが容易な、「水」が使用されている。
【０００３】
しかし、冷熱蓄熱において、水の温度差による顕熱を利用する水蓄熱は、都市の高層化による高負荷や産業プロセスの高密度化により、膨大な水の容量が必要となり、また、建築的な制約で所望の水の容量を確保できず十分な蓄熱量が得られないという問題が生じていた。
【０００４】
このため、例えば特開平８−１７８４８３号公報に記載されたように、水蓄熱に比べ５〜７倍の蓄熱量が得られる氷の潜熱を利用した氷蓄熱システムが開発された。この氷蓄熱システムは、蒸発器と圧縮機と膨張器と減圧装置から構成される冷凍機と、水の過冷却状態を生成する過冷却器と、水の過冷却状態を解除して氷に相変化させる過冷却解除器と、氷を貯える氷蓄熱槽、から構成されている。
【０００５】
この氷蓄熱システムは、過冷却器で生成された過冷却状態の水に落下エネルギーや過冷却解除器による衝撃エネルギーを与えてシャーベット状の氷を生成し、その流動性を利用して氷蓄熱槽に搬送して貯え、冷熱の利用はシャーベット状の氷の溶け易い性質を利用して氷を０℃の冷水に相変化させ、この潜熱を空気調和等に利用する。
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、氷蓄熱槽から過冷却器へ戻る０℃の冷水中に微細な氷が混入すると、それが核となり過冷却器の冷水流路内で過冷却水が氷析出を起こし、最終的にはその回路が閉塞してしまい氷蓄熱システムの運転が不可能になるという問題が生じる。
【０００７】
そこで、氷が過冷却器に供給されるのを防止し、冷水のみを過冷却器に供給する氷蓄熱装置が開発された。例えば、特開平８−２１９５０３号公報に記載された氷蓄熱装置は、氷蓄熱槽と過冷却器とを接続した冷水管に熱交換器を設け、この熱交換器に氷蓄熱装置とは別の系の熱媒体を流して冷水管内を流れる冷水との間で熱交換をし、冷水の温度を上昇させて冷水内の氷を融解させている。
【０００８】
しかしながら、この場合には、冷水内の氷を融解させるに別の系の設備が必要であり、設備計画に左右される。また、わざわざ系統分けをすれば、その系のための配管などを分けなければならず、コストアップを招く。
【０００９】
一方、特開平７−４２９７５号公報に記載されたものは、氷蓄熱槽と過冷却器とを接続した冷却管の途中に氷捕集フィルタを設け、この氷捕集フィルタにより冷却管内の氷を除去して過冷却器に冷水のみを供給する。
【００１０】
しかしながら、この場合には、氷捕集フィルタにより０℃の柔らかい微細な氷を捕集する際に、氷や冷水と一緒に混在するゴミ等により氷捕集フィルタに目詰まりが生じ、所望の流量を確保するには循環ポンプの動力を増加させる必要があり、フィルタの洗浄や交換等のメンテナンスが必要となり、実用化は困難である。
【００１１】
また、過冷却解除部と氷蓄熱槽を別に設けた場合など、過冷却解除後に氷水スラリーを搬送する場合には、搬送部に氷がこびりつき、この付着地点で氷による流路の閉塞が生じる。この現象は放置すると過冷却解除部からの氷水スラリーのあふれや過冷却水飛沫の跳ね返りによる過冷却器出口部での氷析出を引き起こす、という問題が生じていた。
【００１２】
本発明の目的は、このような従来の技術の問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、既存の氷蓄熱装置の熱源を利用して、氷蓄熱装置における冷水流路内の凍結を防止することにある。
【００１３】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は前記課題を解決するために、以下の手段を採用した。
【００１４】
（１）本発明は、蒸発器と圧縮機と凝縮器と減圧装置を有する冷凍機と、水と氷を貯える氷蓄熱槽と、この氷蓄熱槽から供給される冷水を冷凍機における蒸発器で冷却されたブラインにより過冷却状態に冷却する過冷却器とを備え、過冷却器で生成した過冷却水の過冷却状態を解除して氷を生成し、この氷を前記氷蓄熱槽に貯える氷蓄熱装置において、氷蓄熱槽から過冷却器に流れる冷水を冷凍機の液冷媒の顕熱によって加熱する予熱器を備えることを特徴とする氷蓄熱装置である。
【００１５】
冷凍機における液冷媒は、凝縮器の後に設けられた予熱器により氷蓄熱槽から供給される冷水を加熱して冷水内に混入した氷を融解する。このとき、冷媒はさらに冷却され過冷却状態になり、冷媒の単位流量あたりの冷却能力は増加する。
【００１６】
そして、加熱された冷水は過冷却器に供給され、ブラインにより過冷却状態に冷却された後、過冷却状態が解除されて氷に相変化して氷蓄熱槽に貯えられる。従って、液冷媒の顕熱を有する冷媒を冷水の加熱源として利用することにより、冷水を加熱する熱源を氷蓄熱装置とは別個に設ける必要がない。
【００１７】
また、冷媒が冷水を加熱することにより冷媒の冷却能力を増加させ、大きな潜熱量を有した冷媒によりブラインを介して冷水を過冷却状態にすることができるので、氷を生成するシステムとしてきわめて効率が良い。即ち、前記増加した冷却能力を冷水を過冷却状態にするブラインの冷熱回収に利用することにより、より多くの熱量を冷水から吸熱して冷水を過冷却状態に変化させることができ、また、冷媒の冷凍能力が高められ少ない冷媒の循環量で冷媒を所望の温度に冷却することができる。
【００１８】
（２）本発明は、蒸発器と圧縮機と凝縮器と減圧装置を有する冷凍機と、冷凍機の凝縮器に冷却水流路を介して冷却水を供給し冷凍機の冷媒を冷却する冷却器と、水と氷を貯える氷蓄熱槽と、この氷蓄熱槽から供給される冷水を分流して冷凍機における蒸発器で冷却されたブラインにより過冷却状態に冷却する複数の過冷却器と、各過冷却器で生成した過冷却水の過冷却状態を解除して氷を生成する複数の過冷却解除部とを備え、この過冷却解除部で生成された氷を冷水と共に氷水として氷水流路を介し前記氷蓄熱槽に供給する氷蓄熱装置において、（イ）前記氷蓄熱槽から前記過冷却器に流れる冷水を前記冷凍機の液冷媒の顕熱によって加熱する予熱器と、（ロ）前記冷却器から冷凍機の凝縮器に流れる冷却水により氷蓄熱槽から過冷却器に導かれる冷水を加熱する加熱器と、（ハ）過冷却器により過冷却水を生成する通常運転では前記加熱器をバイパスして冷水を氷蓄熱槽から過冷却器に流し、氷水流路内部の凍結により氷水が流れにくくなった場合にその氷析出部位を融解する融解運転では冷水を前記加熱器に通して加熱し氷蓄熱槽から過冷却器に流す第１流路切換手段と、（ニ）前記通常運転では各過冷却器に蒸発器のブラインを供給し、前記融解運転では氷水流路の凍結部位にそのままでは過冷却水を供給してしまうことになる過冷却器の少なくとも一方の過冷却器（氷水流路の凍結部位よりも上流側にある過冷却器の一方の過冷却器）へのブラインの供給を停止する第２流路切替手段と、を備えることを特徴とする氷蓄熱装置である。
【００１９】
通常運転では加熱器は運転されず、第１流路切替手段はそのままの状態に維持されて加熱器には冷水が供給されない。従って、氷蓄熱槽から氷を濾過して分離した冷水は予熱器に送られて加熱され冷水に混入する氷を融解して直接複数の過冷却器に供給される。各過冷却器において冷水は蒸発器との間で循環するブラインにより冷却されて過冷却状態に冷却されたのち、各過冷却解除部にて過冷却状態を解除して氷を生成し、この氷を前記氷蓄熱槽に貯える。
【００２０】
氷水流路に氷が付着して氷析出すると、氷水が流れにくくなる。その場合には融解運転に切り換える。ここで、氷水の流れ易さは、例えば、過冷却解除部の水位上昇により検出する。融解運転では第２流路切替手段を切り換えて凍結部位に連係する過冷却器にブラインの供給を停止し、他の過冷却器へのブラインの供給を継続する。
【００２１】
このとき、過冷却器２台のシステムを例にとると、一方の過冷却器へのブライン供給を停止するため冷凍機の運転は１／２にダウンされる（循環する冷媒量も半分）。そして、それまで例えば０．５℃で過冷却器に供給されていた冷水は前記事情で予熱器の能力が半分になるため０．２５℃に低下する。そこで、稼動中の過冷却器の伝熱管内氷析出の防止と停止した過冷却器の系の氷水通路閉塞の融解をすべく冷水供給温度を制御する必要がある。
【００２２】
次に、加熱器に接続された第１流路切替手段を切り換え氷蓄熱槽から流れる冷水を加熱器に供給して加熱する。この加熱された冷水は各過冷却器に供給される。ブラインの供給を停止された過冷却器に供給された冷水は過冷却されることなく過冷却解除部を経由して氷水流路の氷が付着した部位に到達して氷を溶かしながら氷蓄熱槽に押し流す。
【００２３】
これと同時に他方の過冷却器においては、供給された冷水は通常通りに過冷却されて過冷却水となり、過冷却解除部にて過冷却状態が解除されて氷に生成され、この氷を前記氷蓄熱槽に貯える。
【００２４】
氷水流路に氷が付着して凍結し氷水が流れにくくなっても、冷凍機は運転を継続させたままの状態で加熱器を運転させて前記氷を溶かすことができるので、氷蓄熱槽に氷を蓄熱する時間が大きく遅延することはない。
【００２５】
加熱器は予熱器の上流に設置してもよいし、下流に設置してもよい。
融解運転をする場合には冷凍機の冷凍能力を低下させることができる。
【００２６】
（３）本発明は、蒸発器と圧縮機と凝縮器と減圧装置を有する冷凍機と、冷凍機の凝縮器に冷却水流路を介して冷却水を供給し冷凍機の冷媒を冷却する冷却器と、水と氷を貯える氷蓄熱槽と、この氷蓄熱槽から供給される冷水を冷凍機における蒸発器で冷却されたブラインにより過冷却状態に冷却する過冷却器と、過冷却器で生成した過冷却水の過冷却状態を解除して氷を生成する過冷却解除部とを備え、この過冷却解除部で生成された氷を冷水と共に氷水として氷水流路を介し前記氷蓄熱槽に供給する氷蓄熱装置において、（イ）前記氷蓄熱槽から前記過冷却器に流れる冷水を前記冷凍機の液冷媒の顕熱によって加熱する予熱器と、（ロ）前記冷却器から冷凍機の凝縮器に流れる冷却水により氷蓄熱槽から過冷却器に流れる冷水を加熱する加熱器と、（ハ）過冷却器により過冷却水を生成する通常運転では前記加熱器をバイパスして冷水を氷蓄熱槽から過冷却器に流し、氷水流路内部の凍結により氷水が流れにくくなった場合にその凍結部位を融解する融解運転では冷水を前記加熱器に通して加熱し氷蓄熱槽から過冷却器に流す流路切換手段と、を備え、前記融解運転では冷凍機の運転を停止することを特徴とする氷蓄熱装置である。
【００２７】
通常運転では加熱器は運転させず、流路切替手段はそのままの状態に維持されて加熱器には冷水が供給されない。従って、氷蓄熱槽に貯えられた氷が溶けた冷水は予熱器に送られて加熱され冷水に混入する氷を融解して過冷却器に供給される。過冷却器において冷水は蒸発器との間で循環するブラインにより冷却されて過冷却状態に冷却されたのち、過冷却解除槽にて過冷却状態を解除して氷を生成し、この氷を前記氷蓄熱槽に貯える。
【００２８】
氷水流路に氷が付着して凍結すると、氷水が流れにくくなる。その場合には融解運転に切り換える。ここで、氷水の流れ易さは、例えば、過冷却解除部の水位上昇により検出する。融解運転では冷凍機を停止させる。従って、過冷却器内を流れる冷水は冷却されることはない。
【００２９】
次に、加熱器に接続された流路切替手段を切り換えて氷蓄熱槽から過冷却器へ流れる冷水を加熱器に供給して加熱する。加熱器は冷凍機の凝縮器の余熱や外気からの温熱を取得して前記加熱に供される。
【００３０】
加熱された冷水は過冷却器にて冷却されることなく過冷却解除部を経由して氷水流路に流れ、氷水流路内に付着した氷を溶かしながら氷蓄熱槽に押し流す。
過冷却解除部と氷蓄熱槽との間の氷水流路に氷が付着して凍結し氷水が流れにくくなっても、加熱器を用いてその氷析出を短時間で解除することができる。
【００３１】
加熱器は予熱器の上流に設置してもよいし、下流に設置してもよい。
【００３２】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明に係る氷蓄熱装置の実施の形態を図１から図４の図面に基づいて説明する。
【００３３】
〔第１の実施の形態〕
初めに、第１の実施の形態について図１，図２，図３に基づいて説明する。
図１は氷蓄熱装置の構成図を示す。氷蓄熱装置１は冷凍機３と、過冷却器５と、過冷却解除槽（過冷却解除部）７と、氷蓄熱槽９と、冷却塔（冷却器）１１から構成されている。冷凍機３としてはターボ冷凍機を、冷却塔１１としては開放型冷却塔を例示できる。また、過冷却器５としてはシェルアンドチューブ型熱交換器を例示できる。
【００３４】
氷蓄熱槽９に貯えられた氷１３が溶けた冷水（水）１５は冷水循環ポンプ１７を介し予熱器１９を経由して過冷却器５に送られる。この過冷却器５において冷水を過冷却状態（以下、「過冷却水」と記す。）にした後、過冷却解除槽７に送り過冷却状態を解除してシャーベット状の氷水に相変化させ、これを氷水流路６４を介して氷蓄熱槽９に貯える。
【００３５】
冷凍機３は蒸発器２１、圧縮機２３、凝縮器２５、予熱器１９及び膨張弁（減圧装置）２７を備えており、この順番に冷媒流路６１を介して閉回路に構成されている。前記予熱器１９は、氷蓄熱槽９から冷水循環ポンプ１７により冷水流路６２を通って搬送された冷水を凝縮器２５から膨張弁２７へ流れる冷媒によって加熱する機能を有し、これにより、冷水内に混入する氷を融解して冷水のみを過冷却器５に供給する。予熱器１９としては図３に示す構造のものを使用することができる。即ち、図３に示す予熱器１９は凝縮器２５と予熱器１９を一体の枠体２９内に収めたものである。
【００３６】
蒸発器２１には前記過冷却器５とブライン循環ポンプ３０が接続されている。蒸発器２１で冷却されたブラインはブライン流路６３を通って過冷却器５に送られ冷水を過冷却状態にした後、ブライン循環ポンプ３０によりブライン流路６３を通って蒸発器２１に戻される。
【００３７】
凝縮器２５には冷却塔１１と冷却水循環ポンプ３３が接続されている。凝縮器２５により加熱された冷却水は冷却塔１１で冷却された後、冷却水循環ポンプ３３により冷却水流路６５を通って凝縮器２５に戻される。
【００３８】
次に、氷蓄熱槽９に氷１３を貯えるための一実施例を温度条件に基づいて説明する。
まず、氷蓄熱槽９に貯えられている０℃の冷水１５を冷水循環ポンプ１７でポンプアップし、冷水流路６２を介して予熱器１９に供給する。予熱器１９において凝縮器２５から膨張弁２７へ流れる３℃程度の冷媒の冷熱が０℃の冷水を０．５℃に加熱し、冷水内に混入した氷を融解する。そして、０．５℃にされた冷水は過冷却器５に供給される。
【００３９】
過冷却器５において、０．５℃の冷水は−６℃のブラインによって−２℃の過冷却状態に冷却される。
ブラインは冷水から吸熱することにより、−６℃から−３℃にその温度を上昇した後、ブライン循環ポンプ３０により蒸発器２１に搬送され、蒸発器２１において−６℃の温度に冷却され再び過冷却器５に供給される。
【００４０】
次に、過冷却器５で生成した過冷却水を過冷却解除槽７にて過冷却状態を解除し、シャーベット状の氷水を生成する。ここで、一般に過冷却水の氷への相変化の程度は、過冷却水温度できまり、過冷却水温度を氷の融解潜熱で除した値で表すことができる。例えば、−２℃の過冷却水温度では２．５％が氷に相変化する。
【００４１】
そして、シャーベット状の氷水は氷水流路６４を通って氷蓄熱槽９に貯えられる。
図２は氷蓄熱装置１においてモリエル線図上の冷凍機３の冷凍サイクルを示す。図中、Ｄ−Ａ間は蒸発器２１において圧力を一定に保ったまま、冷媒がブラインから熱を吸収してエンタルピを増加させ次々に蒸発してガスとなり飽和蒸気線に近づく様子を示している。Ａ−Ｂ間は圧縮機２３が蒸発器２１から飽和蒸気となった冷媒を吸い込み、これを圧縮して圧力とエンタルピを増加させて過熱蒸気の状態にする様子を示している。Ｂ−Ｃ間は凝縮器２５において、圧縮機２３で過熱蒸気にされた冷媒が一定圧力のもとで冷却水により冷却されて再び湿り蒸気の状態に戻され、それから後は、冷やされて熱量が減れば減るほど凝縮をつづけ、飽和液線に次第に近づきすべて液体になり、さらに予熱器１９で冷やされて飽和液線を越え飽和液温度より低い温度の過冷却状態になる様子を示している。Ｃ−Ｄ間は膨張弁２７おいて、液体になった冷媒は膨張弁２７を通過する際に圧力が急激に降下する状態を示している。この際、熱の出入りがないのでエンタルピは一定のままである。
【００４２】
冷凍機３の冷凍サイクルでは、予熱器１９で冷媒を過冷却状態にすることにより冷媒の潜熱量をΔｉだけ増加させることができる。
従って、この潜熱量Δｉを冷水中に混入する氷を融解するための温熱として使用することにより、氷蓄熱装置１とは別個の熱源を用いて氷を融解する必要がなくなり極めて経済的である。
【００４３】
また、前記潜熱量Δｉを冷水を過冷却状態にするブラインの冷熱吸収に利用することにより、より多くの熱量を冷水から吸収して冷水を過冷却状態に変化させることができ、また、冷媒の冷凍能力が高められ少ない冷媒の循環量でブラインを所望の温度に冷却することができ、冷凍機の効率が向上して経済的である。
【００４４】
〔第２の実施の形態〕
次に、第２の実施の形態の氷蓄熱装置について図４に基づいて説明する。第２の実施の形態の氷蓄熱装置は、第１の実施の形態の氷蓄熱装置１に主に加熱器４３と過冷却器５ｂと過冷却解除槽７ｂを追加したものであり、過冷却解除槽７ａ，７ｂと氷蓄熱槽９とを連通する氷水流路６４が凍結により氷水が流れにくくなってもその凍結部位を融解する凍結融解機能を有したものである。
【００４５】
図４は氷蓄熱装置の構成図を示す。氷蓄熱装置４１は冷凍機３と、２基の過冷却器５ａ，５ｂと、２基の過冷却解除槽７ａ，７ｂと、氷蓄熱槽９と、冷却塔（冷却器）１１と、加熱器４３から構成されている。
【００４６】
ここで、冷凍機３と冷凍機３内に設けられた予熱器１９は前述した第１の実施の形態と同一なので同一態様部分については同一符号を附けて説明を省略する。
蒸発器２１には前記過冷却器５ａ，５ｂとブライン循環ポンプ３０とブライン流路切替弁（第２流路切替手段）４５ａ，４５ｂ，４５ｃ，４５ｄが接続されている。
【００４７】
凝縮器２５には冷却水流路６５を介して冷却塔１１と冷却水循環ポンプ３３が接続されており、冷却水循環ポンプ３３の上流と凝縮器２５の下流の冷却水流路６５にはこの冷却水流路６５をバイパスするバイパス流路６７が連通している。このバイパス流路６７にはポンプ５６と加熱器４３と流路切替弁５７が設けられている。
【００４８】
加熱器４３には氷蓄熱槽９から冷水循環ポンプ１７へ流れる冷水をバイパスする冷水バイパス流路４７が接続されており、この加熱器４３は氷蓄熱槽９から冷水循環ポンプ１７へ流れる冷水を冷却塔１１から凝縮器２５に流れる冷却水により加熱する機能を有している。
【００４９】
冷水バイパス流路４７には氷蓄熱槽９から流れる冷水を加熱器４３に供給するための冷水供給ポンプ５８とバイパス流路切替弁（第１流路切替手段）５１ａ，５１ｂが設けられている。
【００５０】
予熱器１９の上流側と過冷却器５ａの下流側との間の冷水流路６２には、予熱器１９から供給される冷水の温度を管理するための温度センサ５５が設けられており、過冷却器５ａ，５ｂと予熱器１９との間の冷水流路６２であって各過冷却器５ａ，５ｂの入口の近傍には冷水の供給を切り換える流路切替弁（第１流路切替手段）４９ａ，４９ｂが設けられている。
【００５１】
過冷却解除槽７ａ，７ｂは過冷却水を氷に相変化させ、冷水と共に氷を一時的に貯える機能を有しており、この過冷却解除槽７ａ，７ｂの上部には貯えられた氷を含んだ冷水の液面の位置を検出するためのセンサ５３ａ，５３ｂが設けられている。
次に、２基の過冷却器５ａ，５ｂにより過冷却水を生成する通常運転について説明する。
【００５２】
通常運転において加熱器４３は利用されないので、ポンプ５６と冷水供給ポンプ５８は運転されず、流路切替弁５７とバイパス流路切替弁５１ａ，５１ｂは閉じられている。また、流路切替弁４９ａ，４９ｂは開いた状態にある。従って、氷蓄熱槽９から流れ出る冷水は加熱器４３をバイパスし予熱器１９を経由して２基の過冷却器５ａ，５ｂに供給される。また、ブライン流路切替弁４５ａ，４５ｂ，４５ｃ，４５ｄは開いたままの状態に維持されて蒸発器２１から流れるブラインは過冷却器５ａ，５ｂに供給される。
【００５３】
このような条件のもとに、氷蓄熱槽９に貯えられた氷１３が氷フィルタ（図示せず）によって分離した冷水１５は冷水循環ポンプ１７を介し予熱器１９を経由して過冷却器５ａ，５ｂに供給される。この運転条件は第１の実施の形態の氷蓄熱装置１と同じであり、過冷却器５ａ，５ｂ内の冷水流路すなわち伝熱管（図示せず）内での結氷を未然に防止している。
【００５４】
そして、過冷却器５ａ，５ｂにおいて、蒸発器２１で冷却されたブラインは冷水を過冷却水にした後、ブライン循環ポンプ３０によりブライン流路６３を通って蒸発器２１に戻される。
【００５５】
過冷却水は過冷却解除槽７ａ，７ｂに送られて過冷却状態が解除されてシャーベット状の氷に相変化し、これを氷蓄熱槽９に供給して貯える。
次に、２基の過冷却器５ａ，５ｂにより過冷却水を生成する通常運転の継続中に氷蓄熱槽９と過冷却解除槽７ａ，７ｂとの間を連通する氷水流路６４の一部に氷が付着して流路の閉塞現象が生じ氷水が流れにくくなった時に、氷を昇温と送水圧により融解して氷水の良好な流れを回復するための融解運転について、過冷却解除槽７ｂで生成された氷水が流通する部位Ａに氷が付着して流路の閉塞現象が生じた場合と、過冷却解除槽７ａで生成された氷水が流通する部位Ｂに氷が付着して流路の閉塞現象が生じた場合に分けて説明する。
【００５６】
（１）氷水流路６４の部位Ａに氷が付着して流路の閉塞現象が生じた場合
氷水流路６４の部位Ａに氷が付着して流路の閉塞現象が生じると、過冷却解除槽７ｂの水位が上昇する。この水位を水位計５３ｂによって検出し、設定水位に達したらブライン流路６３の途中に設けられている２つのブライン流路切替弁４５ｃ，４５ｄを閉じて過冷却器５ｂへのブラインの供給を停止する。従って、過冷却器５ｂに流れる冷水はブラインにより冷却されることはない。尚、ブライン流路切替弁４５ａ，４５ｂは開いたままの状態であり、過冷却器５ａへのブラインの供給は継続する。
【００５７】
次に、流路切替弁５７とバイパス流路切替弁５１ａ，５１ｂを開き、ポンプ５６と冷水供給ポンプ５８を運転させて、氷蓄熱槽９から流れる冷水を加熱器４３により加熱し、さらに予熱器１９により加熱する。尚、冷水は、冷水流路６２に設けられた温度センサ５５の信号に基づき冷凍機３の冷却能力が調整されて所定温度になるように制御される。
【００５８】
所定温度に加熱された冷水は各過冷却器５ａ，５ｂに供給される。過冷却器５ｂに供給された冷水は過冷却されることなく過冷却解除槽７ｂを経由して氷水流路６４の部位Ａに到達し、部位Ａに付着して流路の閉塞現象が生じさせた氷を昇温と送水により融解しながら氷蓄熱槽９に押し流す。
【００５９】
これと同時に他方の過冷却器５ａに供給された冷水は通常通りにブラインにより過冷却状態にされて過冷却水となり過冷却解除槽７ａに供給される。そして、過冷却水は過冷却解除槽７ａで過冷却状態を解除して氷に生成され、この氷を氷水流路６４を介して氷蓄熱槽９に蓄える。
【００６０】
そして、過冷却解除槽７ｂの水位が元に戻ったことを水位計５３ｂが検知したならば、この水位計５３ｂの検知信号に基づいて融解運転から通常運転に切り換えるとともに冷凍機の冷却能力も元の能力に戻される。
【００６１】
尚、冷凍機３は氷水流路６４の部位Ａに氷が付着して流路の閉塞現象が生じても常に運転を継続しているが、加熱器４３を運転させた場合には、冷凍機３は通常の半分の冷却能力まで運転を低下させることができる。これは、過冷却器５ｂへのブラインの循環を停止させるので、ブライン流路６３のブラインの循環量が半分に低下して蒸発器２１のブラインから熱の吸収量が半分に低下するからである。
【００６２】
（２）氷水流路６４の部位Ｂに氷が付着して流路の閉塞現象が生じた場合
氷水流路６４の部位Ｂに氷が付着して流路の閉塞現象が生じると、過冷却解除槽７ａの水位が上昇する。この水位を水位計５３ａによって検出し、設定水位に達したら２つのブライン流路切替弁４５ａ，４５ｂを切り換えて閉じた状態にして過冷却器５ａへのブラインの供給を停止する。従って、過冷却器５ａに流れる冷水はブラインにより冷却されることはない。尚、ブライン流路切替弁４５ｃ，４５ｄは開いており、過冷却器５ｂへのブラインの供給は継続する。
【００６３】
次に、流路切替弁５７とバイパス流路切替弁５１ａ，５１ｂを開き、ポンプ５６と冷水供給ポンプ５８を運転させて、氷蓄熱槽９から流れる冷水を加熱器４３により加熱し、さらに予熱器１９により加熱する。尚、冷水は、冷水流路６２に設けられた温度センサ５５の信号に基づき冷凍機３の冷却能力が調整されて所定温度になるように制御される。
【００６４】
所定温度に加熱された冷水は各過冷却器５ａ，５ｂに供給される。過冷却器５ａに供給された冷水は過冷却されることなく過冷却解除槽７ａを経由して氷水流路６４の部位Ｂに到達し、部位Ｂに付着して流路の閉塞現象が生じさせた氷を昇温と送水により融解しながら氷蓄熱槽９に押し流す。
【００６５】
これと同時に他方の過冷却器５ｂに供給された冷水は通常通りにブラインにより過冷却状態にされて過冷却水となり過冷却解除槽７ｂに供給される。そして、過冷却水は過冷却解除槽７ｂで過冷却状態を解除して氷に生成され、この氷を氷水流路６４を介して氷蓄熱槽９に蓄える。
【００６６】
そして、過冷却解除槽７ａの水位が元に戻ったことを水位計５３ａが検知したならば、この水位計５３ａの検知信号に基づいて融解運転から通常運転に切り換えるとともに冷凍機の冷却能力も元の能力に戻される。
【００６７】
尚、冷凍機３は氷水流路６４の部位Ｂに氷が付着して流路の閉塞現象が生じても常に運転を継続しているが、加熱器４３を運転させたときには、通常の半分の冷却能力まで低下させて運転することができる。前述（１）と同様の理由であるため説明は省略する。
【００６８】
第２の実施の形態における氷蓄熱装置４１は、冷凍機３の凝縮器２５から膨張弁２７へ流れる冷媒を過冷却器５に供給される冷水中に混入する氷を融解するための冷熱として使用することにより、氷蓄熱装置４１とは別個の熱源を用いて氷を融解する必要がないので極めて経済的である。
【００６９】
また、氷水流路６４に氷が付着して流路の閉塞現象が生じても、冷凍機３は運転を継続させたままの状態で加熱器４３を運転させて前記氷を溶かすとともに、１基の過冷却器は運転を継続している。従って、氷蓄熱槽９への氷の蓄熱時間のロスを極めて短時間にすることができて極めて経済的である。また、冷凍機３の冷凍能力を通常の半分に低下させて運転をすることができるので、消費電力の無駄を防止することができる。
【００７０】
〔第３の実施の形態〕
次に、第３の実施の形態の氷蓄熱装置について図５に基づいて説明する。第３の実施の形態の氷蓄熱装置は、前記第２の実施の形態で過冷却器５ａ，５ｂと過冷却解除槽７ａ，７を各々２基備えていたのを各１基にしたものであり、過冷却解除槽７と氷蓄熱槽９とを連通する氷水流路６４に流路の閉塞現象が生じ氷水が流れにくくなってもその氷の凝集部位を開通する氷の凝集融解機能を有したものである。
【００７１】
図５は氷蓄熱装置の構成図を示す。氷蓄熱装置８１は冷凍機３と、過冷却器５と、過冷却解除槽７と、氷蓄熱槽９と、冷却塔（冷却器）１１と、加熱器４３から構成されている。氷蓄熱装置８１は第２の実施の形態の氷蓄熱装置４１から過冷却器５と過冷却解除槽７をそれぞれ１基減した点を除けば他の点は同一なので同一態様部分については同一符号を附して説明を省略する。
【００７２】
また、過冷却器５により過冷却水を生成する通常運転については、前記した通りである。
次に、過冷却器５により過冷却水を生成する通常運転の継続中に氷蓄熱槽９と過冷却解除槽７との間を連通する氷水流路６４の一部に氷が付着して流路の閉塞現象が生じ氷水が流れにくくなった時に、氷を昇温と送水圧により融解して氷水の良好な流れを回復するための融解運転について説明する。
【００７３】
氷水流路６４の部位Ｃに氷が付着して流路の閉塞現象が生じると、過冷却解除槽７の水位が上昇する。この水位を水位計５３によって検出し、設定水位に達したら冷凍機３を停止させる。従って、過冷却器５において冷水は冷却されることはない。
【００７４】
次に、流路切替弁５７とバイパス流路切替弁５１ａ，５１ｂを開くとともに、ポンプ５６と冷水供給ポンプ５８を運転して、予熱器１９により加熱された冷水は冷水バイパス流路を通り加熱器４３を経由してさらに加熱された後、過冷却器５に供給される。
【００７５】
尚、冷水供給ポンプ５８と冷水循環ポンプ１７の送水能力は一定であるので過冷却器５に供給される冷水の温度も一定に保たれる。また、この冷水の温度は温度センサ５５により監視されており、冷水供給ポンプ５８の送水能力を変化させることにより冷水の温度を調整することができる。
【００７６】
次に、加熱された冷水は過冷却器５にて冷却されることなく過冷却解除槽７を経由して氷水流路６４に流れて氷が付着して流路の閉塞現象が生じた部位Ｃに到達し、氷を昇温と送水圧により融解しながら氷蓄熱槽９に押し流す。
【００７７】
そして、水位計５３により過冷却解除槽７の水位が元に戻ったと検知したならば融解運転から通常運転に切り換える。
第３の実施の形態における氷蓄熱装置８１は、冷凍機３の凝縮器２５から膨張弁２７へ流れる冷媒を過冷却器５に供給される冷水中に混入する氷を融解するための冷熱として使用することにより、氷蓄熱装置８１とは別個の熱源を用いて氷を融解する必要がないので極めて経済的である。
【００７８】
また、過冷却解除槽７と氷蓄熱槽９との間を連通する氷水流路６４に氷が付着して管内閉塞現象が生じ氷水が流れにくくなったとしても、加熱器４３を用いてその閉塞した流路を短時間で開通することができる。従って、氷蓄熱槽９への氷の蓄熱時間のロスを極めて短時間にし、ランニングコストの増加を抑制することができる。
【００７９】
また、加熱器４３の利用に際しては、冷凍機３を停止しても冷凍機３の凝縮器２５の余熱を利用でき、あるいは冷却塔１１を運転し外気から熱を取得して利用することもできる。
【００８０】
〔第４の実施の形態〕
次に、第４の実施の形態の氷蓄熱装置について図６に基づいて説明する。第４の実施の形態の氷蓄熱装置は、前記第２の実施の形態で過冷却器５ａ，５ｂと過冷却解除槽７ａ，７を各々２基備えていたのを各３基にしたものであり、過冷却解除槽７と氷蓄熱槽９とを連通する氷水流路６４に流路の閉塞現象が生じ氷水が流れにくくなってもその氷の凝集部位を開通する氷の凝集融解機能を有したものである。
【００８１】
図６は氷蓄熱装置の構成図を示す。氷蓄熱装置８３は冷凍機３と、過冷却器５と、過冷却解除槽７と、氷蓄熱槽９と、冷却塔（冷却器）１１と、加熱器４３から構成されている。氷蓄熱装置８３は第２の実施の形態の氷蓄熱装置４１から主に過冷却器５と過冷却解除槽７をそれぞれ１基増加した点を除けば他の点は同一なので同一態様部分については同一符号を附して説明を省略する。
【００８２】
また、過冷却器５により過冷却水を生成する通常運転や融解運転については第２の実施の形態の氷蓄熱装置４１に準じて運転するのでその説明は省略する。
過冷却器５を３基設けても第２の実施の形態の氷蓄熱装置４１と同様の効果をえることができる。
【００８３】
このように過冷却器５を３基以上有する設備でも、弁の切替によりシステムの停止をすることなく製氷を継続でき、大規模な過冷却式氷蓄熱システムの安定運転が達成される。
【００８４】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、請求項１に記載の本発明の氷蓄熱装置によれば、氷蓄熱槽から過冷却器に流れる冷水を冷凍機の凝縮器から減圧装置へ流れる冷媒によって加熱する予熱器を有することにより、氷蓄熱装置と別個の熱源を用いずに過冷却器に供給される冷水中に混入する氷を融解することができるので極めて経済的である。また、予熱器で冷却された冷媒の潜熱量を冷水を過冷却状態にするブラインの冷熱吸収に利用することにより、より多くの熱量を冷水から吸収して冷水を過冷却状態に変化させることができ、また、冷媒の冷却能力が高められ少ない冷媒の循環量でブラインを所望の温度に冷却することができ、冷凍機の効率が向上して経済的である。
【００８５】
また、請求項２に記載の本発明の氷蓄熱装置によれば、予熱器と、加熱器と、第１流路切換手段と、第２流路切換手段とを備えることにより、氷水流路に氷が付着して閉塞し氷水が流れにくくなっても、冷凍機は運転を継続させたままの状態で加熱器を運転させて氷を融解・洗い落すとともに、１基の過冷却器は運転を継続させることができる。従って、氷蓄熱槽への氷の蓄熱時間のロスを極めて短時間にすることができて極めて経済的である。また、冷凍機の冷凍能力を通常の半分に低下させて運転することができるので、消費電力の無駄を防止することができる。
【００８６】
また、請求項３に記載の本発明の氷蓄熱装置によれば、予熱器と、加熱器と、流路切換手段と、を備え、融解運転では冷凍機の運転を停止させることにより、過冷却解除部と氷蓄熱槽との間を連通する氷水流路に氷が付着して閉塞し氷水が流れにくくなったとしても、加熱器を用いてその閉塞を短時間で開通することができる。従って、氷蓄熱槽への氷の蓄熱時間のロスを極めて短時間にし、ランニングコストの増加を抑制することができる。
【００８７】
また、加熱器の利用に際しては、冷凍機を停止しても冷凍機の凝縮器の予熱を利用でき、あるいは冷却器を運転し外気から熱を取得して利用することもできる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の第１の実施の形態における氷蓄熱装置を示す構成図である。
【図２】本発明の第１の実施の形態の氷蓄熱装置における冷凍機の冷媒の状態を表したモリエル線図である。
【図３】本発明の第１の実施の形態の氷蓄熱装置における冷凍機の予熱器の概略構成図である。
【図４】本発明の第２の実施の形態における氷蓄熱装置を示す構成図である。
【図５】本発明の第３の実施の形態における氷蓄熱装置を示す構成図である。
【図６】本発明の第４の実施の形態における氷蓄熱装置を示す構成図である。
【符号の説明】
１，４１，８１氷蓄熱装置
３冷凍機
５，５ａ，５ｂ過冷却器
７，７ａ，７ｂ過冷却解除槽
９氷蓄熱槽
１１冷却塔（冷却器）
１３氷
１５冷水（水）
１９予熱器
２１蒸発器
２３圧縮機
２５凝縮器
２７膨張弁（減圧装置）
４３加熱器
４５ａ，４５ｂ，４５ｃ，４５ｄ，４５ｅ，４５ｆブライン流路切替弁（第２流路切替手段）
４９ａ，４９ｂ，４９ｃ流路切替弁（第１流路切替手段）
５１ａ，５１ｂバイパス流路切替弁（第１流路切替手段）
６４氷水流路
６５冷却水流路[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an ice heat storage device, and more particularly to an ice heat storage device that performs ice heat storage using supercooled water.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In air conditioning and industrial processes, heat source capacity can be reduced, inexpensive nighttime electricity can be used, and operation management can be facilitated, so there are many heat storage systems that store cold and hot heat. It's being used. As the heat storage medium, “water” is used which is safe and inexpensive and has a large specific heat and is easy to handle as a liquid.
[0003]
However, in cold heat storage, water storage using sensible heat due to the temperature difference of water requires enormous water capacity due to the high load of the city and the increase in the density of industrial processes. There was a problem that a desired amount of water could not be secured due to restrictions and a sufficient amount of heat storage could not be obtained.
[0004]
For this reason, for example, as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-178483, an ice heat storage system using ice latent heat that can obtain a heat storage amount 5 to 7 times that of water heat storage has been developed. This ice heat storage system includes a refrigerator composed of an evaporator, a compressor, an expander, and a pressure reducing device, a supercooler that generates a supercooled state of water, and releases the supercooled state of water to make it compatible with ice. It is composed of a subcooler that changes and an ice heat storage tank that stores ice.
[0005]
This ice heat storage system generates sherbet-like ice by applying drop energy and impact energy from the supercool release device to the supercooled water produced by the supercooler, and uses its fluidity to create an ice heat storage tank. The cold heat is used to change the phase of the ice into cold water at 0 ° C. by utilizing the property that the sherbet-like ice is easily melted, and this latent heat is used for air conditioning or the like.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, if fine ice is mixed into the 0 ° C cold water returning from the ice heat storage tank to the supercooler, it becomes the core and the supercooled water precipitates in the cold water flow path of the supercooler. A problem arises that the circuit becomes blocked and the ice heat storage system cannot be operated.
[0007]
Therefore, an ice heat storage device has been developed that prevents ice from being supplied to the supercooler and supplies only cold water to the supercooler. For example, an ice heat storage device described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-219503 is provided with a heat exchanger in a cold water pipe connecting an ice heat storage tank and a supercooler, and the heat exchanger is different from the ice heat storage device. Heat is exchanged with the cold water flowing in the cold water pipe by flowing the heat medium of the system, and the temperature of the cold water is raised to melt the ice in the cold water.
[0008]
However, in this case, another system of equipment is required to melt the ice in the cold water, which depends on the equipment plan. In addition, if the system is purposely divided, piping for the system must be divided, resulting in an increase in cost.
[0009]
On the other hand, what is described in JP-A-7-42975 is provided with an ice collecting filter in the middle of a cooling pipe connecting an ice heat storage tank and a supercooler, and ice in the cooling pipe is removed by this ice collecting filter. Remove and supply only cold water to the subcooler.
[0010]
However, in this case, when collecting soft 0 ° C ice with the ice collection filter, the ice collection filter is clogged with dust mixed with ice or cold water, and the desired flow rate is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the power of the circulation pump, and maintenance such as cleaning and replacement of the filter is necessary, and it is difficult to put it into practical use.
[0011]
In addition, when the ice water slurry is transported after the supercooling is released, such as when a supercooling canceling unit and an ice heat storage tank are provided separately, ice sticks to the transporting unit, and the flow path is blocked by ice at this adhesion point. If this phenomenon is left unattended, there has been a problem that ice water slurry overflows from the supercooling release part or causes ice precipitation at the supercooler outlet part due to splashing of the supercooled water splash.
[0012]
The object of the present invention has been made in view of the problems of the prior art as described above, and prevents freezing in the cold water flow path in the ice heat storage device by using the heat source of the existing ice heat storage device. It is in.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention employs the following means in order to solve the above problems.
[0014]
(1) The present invention relates to a refrigerator having an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and a pressure reducing device, an ice heat storage tank for storing water and ice, and cold water supplied from the ice storage tank in an evaporator in the refrigerator. A supercooler that cools to a supercooled state with cooled brine, releases supercooled water generated by the supercooler and generates ice, and stores the ice in the ice heat storage tank. In the heat storage device, the ice storage device includes a preheater that heats the cold water flowing from the ice heat storage tank to the supercooler by sensible heat of the liquid refrigerant of the refrigerator.
[0015]
The liquid refrigerant in the refrigerator heats the cold water supplied from the ice heat storage tank by a preheater provided after the condenser and melts the ice mixed in the cold water. At this time, the refrigerant is further cooled to be in a supercooled state, and the cooling capacity per unit flow rate of the refrigerant increases.
[0016]
The heated cold water is supplied to a supercooler and cooled to a supercooled state by brine, then the supercooled state is released, and the phase is changed to ice and stored in an ice heat storage tank. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a heat source for heating the cold water separately from the ice heat storage device by using the refrigerant having the sensible heat of the liquid refrigerant as the cold water heating source.
[0017]
In addition, the refrigerant can increase the cooling capacity of the refrigerant by heating the cold water, and the refrigerant having a large amount of latent heat can be brought into a supercooled state through the brine, so that it is extremely efficient as a system for generating ice. Is good. That is, by using the increased cooling capacity for the cold heat recovery of the brine that brings the cold water into a supercooled state, it is possible to absorb more heat from the cold water and change the cold water to the supercooled state. Therefore, the refrigerant can be cooled to a desired temperature with a small amount of refrigerant circulation.
[0018]
(2) The present invention relates to a refrigerator having an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and a decompressor, and a cooler for supplying cooling water to the condenser of the refrigerator via a cooling water flow path to cool the refrigerant of the refrigerator. And an ice heat storage tank for storing water and ice, and a plurality of subcoolers for diverting the cold water supplied from the ice heat storage tank and cooling it to a supercooled state by brine cooled by an evaporator in the refrigerator. A plurality of supercooling release units that generate ice by releasing the supercooling state of the supercooling water generated by the supercooler, and use the ice generated by the supercooling release unit as ice water together with the cold water. (B) a preheater that heats chilled water flowing from the ice heat storage tank to the supercooler by sensible heat of the liquid refrigerant of the refrigerator; The supercooler from the ice heat storage tank with cooling water flowing from the cooler to the condenser of the refrigerator (C) In normal operation in which supercooled water is generated by a supercooler, the heater is bypassed and the cold water flows from the ice heat storage tank to the supercooler, In the melting operation in which the ice water becomes difficult to flow due to the freezing of the ice, the first flow path switching means for heating the cold water through the heater and flowing it from the ice heat storage tank to the subcooler in the melting operation for melting the ice precipitation site; ) In the normal operation, the brine of the evaporator is supplied to each subcooler, and in the melting operation, the frozen part of the ice water flow path At least a supercooler that would supply supercooled water as it is One supercooler (One of the subcoolers on the upstream side of the frozen part of the ice water channel) An ice heat storage device comprising: a second flow path switching unit that stops supply of brine to the water.
[0019]
In normal operation, the heater is not operated, the first flow path switching means is maintained as it is, and cold water is not supplied to the heater. Therefore, the cold water separated by filtering the ice from the ice heat storage tank is sent to the preheater and heated to melt the ice mixed in the cold water and directly supplied to the plurality of subcoolers. In each subcooler, the chilled water is cooled by the brine circulating between the evaporator and cooled to the supercooled state, and then the supercooled state is released at each subcooling release unit to generate ice. Is stored in the ice heat storage tank.
[0020]
If ice adheres to the ice water flow path and ice precipitates, it becomes difficult for the ice water to flow. In that case, switch to melting operation. Here, the ease of flow of the ice water is detected by, for example, an increase in the water level of the supercooling release unit. In the melting operation, the second flow path switching means is switched to stop the supply of brine to the supercooler linked to the frozen portion, and the supply of brine to other subcoolers is continued.
[0021]
At this time, taking the system of two supercoolers as an example, the operation of the refrigerator is reduced by half (the amount of circulating refrigerant is also halved) in order to stop the brine supply to one of the supercoolers. And the cold water which has been supplied to the subcooler at 0.5 ° C. until then falls to 0.25 ° C. because the capacity of the preheater is halved due to the above circumstances. Therefore, it is necessary to control the chilled water supply temperature in order to prevent ice precipitation in the heat transfer tube of the operating supercooler and to melt the blocked ice water passage of the stopped supercooler system.
[0022]
Next, the first flow path switching means connected to the heater is switched, and the cold water flowing from the ice heat storage tank is supplied to the heater and heated. This heated cold water is supplied to each subcooler. The cold water supplied to the subcooler whose supply of brine has been stopped is not supercooled, but reaches the part of the ice water flow path where the ice adheres via the supercooling release part, melting the ice while storing the ice Flush away.
[0023]
At the same time, in the other supercooler, the supplied cold water is supercooled as usual to become supercooled water, the supercooling state is released in the supercooling release unit, and the ice is generated. Store in ice storage tank.
[0024]
Even if ice adheres to the ice water flow path and freezes and it becomes difficult for the ice water to flow, the refrigerator can be operated while the operation is continued and the ice can be melted. The time to store ice is not significantly delayed.
[0025]
The heater may be installed upstream of the preheater or downstream.
When performing the melting operation, the refrigerating capacity of the refrigerator can be reduced.
[0026]
(3) The present invention includes a refrigerator having an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and a decompression device, and a cooler that supplies cooling water to the condenser of the refrigerator through a cooling water flow path to cool the refrigerant of the refrigerator. And an ice heat storage tank for storing water and ice, a supercooler that cools the cold water supplied from the ice heat storage tank to a supercooled state by brine cooled by an evaporator in the refrigerator, and a supercooler A supercooling release unit that generates ice by releasing the supercooled water from the supercooling state, and supplies the ice generated by the supercooling release unit to the ice heat storage tank through the ice water flow path as ice water together with the cold water. In the ice heat storage device, (a) a preheater that heats cold water flowing from the ice heat storage tank to the supercooler by sensible heat of the liquid refrigerant of the refrigerator, and (b) from the cooler to the condenser of the refrigerator. Cooling water flowing from the ice heat storage tank to the supercooler is heated by the flowing cooling water. In normal operation in which superheater is generated by a heater and (c) a supercooler, the heater is bypassed and cold water flows from the ice heat storage tank to the supercooler, and ice water does not flow easily due to freezing inside the ice water flow path. In the melting operation to melt the frozen portion in the event that it becomes, the flow switching means for heating the cold water through the heater and flowing from the ice storage tank to the subcooler, Solution In the operation, the ice heat storage device is characterized in that the operation of the refrigerator is stopped.
[0027]
In normal operation, the heater is not operated, the flow path switching means is maintained as it is, and cold water is not supplied to the heater. Therefore, the cold water in which the ice stored in the ice heat storage tank is melted is sent to the preheater and heated to melt the ice mixed in the cold water and supplied to the subcooler. In the subcooler, the chilled water is cooled by the brine circulating between the evaporator and cooled to the supercooled state, and then the supercooled state is released in the supercooling release tank to generate ice, Store in ice storage tank.
[0028]
When ice adheres to the ice water flow path and freezes, the ice water becomes difficult to flow. In that case, switch to melting operation. Here, the ease of flow of the ice water is detected by, for example, an increase in the water level of the supercooling release unit. In the melting operation, the refrigerator is stopped. Therefore, the cold water flowing through the subcooler is not cooled.
[0029]
Next, the flow path switching means connected to the heater is switched, and cold water flowing from the ice heat storage tank to the supercooler is supplied to the heater and heated. The heater obtains the residual heat of the condenser of the refrigerator and the heat from the outside air and is used for the heating.
[0030]
The heated cold water flows to the ice water flow path via the supercool release unit without being cooled by the supercooler, and is pushed to the ice heat storage tank while melting the ice adhering to the ice water flow path.
Even if ice adheres to the ice water flow path between the supercooling release unit and the ice heat storage tank and freezes, and it becomes difficult for the ice water to flow, the ice precipitation can be released in a short time using a heater.
[0031]
The heater may be installed upstream of the preheater or downstream.
[0032]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of an ice heat storage device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings of FIGS.
[0033]
[First Embodiment]
First, a first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 1 shows a configuration diagram of an ice heat storage device. The ice heat storage device 1 includes a refrigerator 3, a supercooler 5, a supercooling release tank (supercooling release unit) 7, an ice heat storage tank 9, and a cooling tower (cooler) 11. An example of the refrigerator 3 is a turbo refrigerator, and an example of the cooling tower 11 is an open cooling tower. Moreover, as the subcooler 5, a shell and tube type heat exchanger can be illustrated.
[0034]
Cold water (water) 15 in which the ice 13 stored in the ice heat storage tank 9 is melted is sent to the supercooler 5 via the cold water circulation pump 17 and the preheater 19. After making the chilled water into a supercooled state (hereinafter referred to as “supercooled water”) in this supercooler 5, it is sent to the supercooling release tank 7 to release the supercooled state and change the phase into sherbet-like ice water, This is stored in the ice heat storage tank 9 via the ice water channel 64.
[0035]
The refrigerator 3 includes an evaporator 21, a compressor 23, a condenser 25, a preheater 19, and an expansion valve (decompression device) 27, and is configured in a closed circuit via a refrigerant channel 61 in this order. The preheater 19 has a function of heating the cold water conveyed from the ice heat storage tank 9 through the cold water flow path 62 by the cold water circulation pump 17 with the refrigerant flowing from the condenser 25 to the expansion valve 27, thereby The ice mixed therein is melted and only cold water is supplied to the supercooler 5. As the preheater 19, the structure shown in FIG. 3 can be used. That is, the preheater 19 shown in FIG. 3 is one in which the condenser 25 and the preheater 19 are housed in an integral frame 29.
[0036]
The supercooler 5 and the brine circulation pump 30 are connected to the evaporator 21. The brine cooled by the evaporator 21 is sent to the supercooler 5 through the brine flow path 63 to bring the cold water into a supercooled state, and then returned to the evaporator 21 through the brine flow path 63 by the brine circulation pump 30. .
[0037]
A cooling tower 11 and a cooling water circulation pump 33 are connected to the condenser 25. The cooling water heated by the condenser 25 is cooled by the cooling tower 11 and then returned to the condenser 25 through the cooling water flow path 65 by the cooling water circulation pump 33.
[0038]
Next, an embodiment for storing ice 13 in the ice heat storage tank 9 will be described based on temperature conditions.
First, the 0 ° C. cold water 15 stored in the ice heat storage tank 9 is pumped up by the cold water circulation pump 17 and supplied to the preheater 19 through the cold water flow path 62. In the preheater 19, cold water having a temperature of about 3 ° C. flowing from the condenser 25 to the expansion valve 27 is heated to 0.5 ° C., and ice mixed in the cold water is melted. Then, the cold water set to 0.5 ° C. is supplied to the supercooler 5.
[0039]
In the subcooler 5, 0.5 ° C. cold water is cooled to −2 ° C. supercooled state by −6 ° C. brine.
The brine absorbs heat from the cold water and increases its temperature from −6 ° C. to −3 ° C., and then is conveyed to the evaporator 21 by the brine circulation pump 30, cooled to a temperature of −6 ° C. in the evaporator 21, and passed again. It is supplied to the cooler 5.
[0040]
Next, the supercooling water generated in the supercooler 5 is released from the supercooling state in the supercooling release tank 7 to generate sherbet-like ice water. Here, in general, the degree of phase change of supercooling water to ice is determined by the supercooling water temperature, and can be expressed by a value obtained by dividing the supercooling water temperature by the melting latent heat of ice. For example, at a supercooled water temperature of −2 ° C., 2.5% phase changes to ice.
[0041]
The sherbet-shaped ice water is stored in the ice heat storage tank 9 through the ice water flow path 64.
FIG. 2 shows the refrigeration cycle of the refrigerator 3 on the Mollier diagram in the ice heat storage device 1. In the figure, while the pressure is kept constant in the evaporator 21 between D and A, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the brine to increase the enthalpy and evaporates one after another to become a gas and approach the saturated vapor line. . Between A and B, the compressor 23 sucks the refrigerant that has become saturated vapor from the evaporator 21 and compresses the refrigerant to increase the pressure and enthalpy to bring it into a superheated vapor state. Between B and C, in the condenser 25, the refrigerant heated to superheated steam by the compressor 23 is cooled by cooling water under a constant pressure and returned to the state of wet steam again. As the value decreases, the condensation continues, gradually approaches the saturated liquid line, becomes all liquid, and is further cooled by the preheater 19 to enter the supercooled state at a temperature lower than the saturated liquid temperature. . In the expansion valve 27 between C and D, when the refrigerant that has become liquid passes through the expansion valve 27, the pressure rapidly decreases. At this time, the enthalpy remains constant because there is no heat in and out.
[0042]
In the refrigeration cycle of the refrigerator 3, the latent heat amount of the refrigerant can be increased by Δi by bringing the refrigerant into a supercooled state by the preheater 19.
Therefore, by using this latent heat amount Δi as the heat for melting the ice mixed in the cold water, it is not necessary to melt the ice using a heat source separate from the ice heat storage device 1 and it is extremely economical.
[0043]
In addition, by using the latent heat amount Δi for the cold heat absorption of the brine that brings the cold water into a supercooled state, it is possible to absorb a larger amount of heat from the cold water and change the cold water into a supercooled state. The refrigerating capacity is increased, and the brine can be cooled to a desired temperature with a small amount of refrigerant circulation. This improves the efficiency of the refrigerator and is economical.
[0044]
[Second Embodiment]
Next, the ice heat storage device of 2nd Embodiment is demonstrated based on FIG. The ice heat storage device of the second embodiment is obtained by adding a heater 43, a supercooler 5b, and a supercool release tank 7b to the ice heat storage device 1 of the first embodiment, and canceling the supercooling. The ice water flow path 64 that communicates between the tanks 7a and 7b and the ice heat storage tank 9 has a freeze-thaw function that melts the frozen portion even if ice water does not flow easily due to freezing.
[0045]
FIG. 4 shows a configuration diagram of the ice heat storage device. The ice heat storage device 41 includes a refrigerator 3, two supercoolers 5a and 5b, two supercool release tanks 7a and 7b, an ice heat storage tank 9, a cooling tower (cooler) 11, and a heater. 43.
[0046]
Here, since the refrigerator 3 and the preheater 19 provided in the refrigerator 3 are the same as those in the first embodiment described above, the same reference numerals are given to the same aspects, and the description thereof is omitted.
The evaporator 21 is connected to the supercoolers 5a and 5b, the brine circulation pump 30, and the brine flow path switching valves (second flow path switching means) 45a, 45b, 45c and 45d.
[0047]
The cooling tower 11 and the cooling water circulation pump 33 are connected to the condenser 25 via the cooling water flow path 65, and the cooling water flow path 65 is connected to the cooling water flow path 65 upstream of the cooling water circulation pump 33 and downstream of the condenser 25. A bypass flow path 67 that bypasses is communicated. The bypass flow path 67 is provided with a pump 56, a heater 43, and a flow path switching valve 57.
[0048]
The heater 43 is connected to a cold water bypass passage 47 that bypasses the cold water flowing from the ice heat storage tank 9 to the cold water circulation pump 17. The heater 43 cools the cold water flowing from the ice heat storage tank 9 to the cold water circulation pump 17. It has a function of heating with cooling water flowing from the tower 11 to the condenser 25.
[0049]
The cold water bypass flow path 47 is provided with a cold water supply pump 58 for supplying cold water flowing from the ice heat storage tank 9 to the heater 43 and bypass flow path switching valves (first flow path switching means) 51a and 51b.
[0050]
The upstream side of the preheater 19 and supercooling vessel A temperature sensor 55 for managing the temperature of the chilled water supplied from the preheater 19 is provided in the chilled water flow path 62 between the downstream side of 5a and the subcoolers 5a and 5b, the preheater 19 and the like. Between the chilled water flow paths 62 and in the vicinity of the inlets of the subcoolers 5a and 5b, flow path switching valves (first flow path switching means) 49a and 49b for switching the supply of cold water are provided.
[0051]
The supercooling release tanks 7a and 7b change the phase of the supercooling water into ice and have a function of temporarily storing the ice together with the cold water. The stored ice is stored above the supercooling release tanks 7a and 7b. Sensors 53a and 53b are provided for detecting the position of the liquid level of the chilled water.
Next, normal operation for generating supercooled water by the two supercoolers 5a and 5b will be described.
[0052]
Since the heater 43 is not used in normal operation, the pump 56 and the cold water supply pump 58 are not operated, and the flow path switching valve 57 and the bypass flow path switching valves 51a and 51b are closed. The flow path switching valves 49a and 49b are in an open state. Therefore, the cold water flowing out from the ice heat storage tank 9 bypasses the heater 43 and is supplied to the two subcoolers 5a and 5b via the preheater 19. Further, the brine flow path switching valves 45a, 45b, 45c, and 45d are maintained in an open state, and the brine flowing from the evaporator 21 is supplied to the subcoolers 5a and 5b.
[0053]
Under such conditions, the chilled water 15 in which the ice 13 stored in the ice heat storage tank 9 is separated by an ice filter (not shown) is supplied to the supercooler 5a via the chilled water circulation pump 17 and the preheater 19. , 5b. This operating condition is the same as that of the ice heat storage device 1 of the first embodiment, and prevents icing in the chilled water flow path in the supercoolers 5a and 5b, that is, in the heat transfer tubes (not shown). .
[0054]
In the subcoolers 5 a and 5 b, the brine cooled by the evaporator 21 is converted into supercooled water and then returned to the evaporator 21 through the brine flow path 63 by the brine circulation pump 30.
[0055]
The supercooled water is sent to the supercooling release tanks 7a and 7b, the supercooled state is released, and phase changes to sherbet-like ice, which is supplied to the ice heat storage tank 9 for storage.
Next, a part of the ice water flow path 64 that communicates between the ice heat storage tank 9 and the supercooling release tanks 7a and 7b during the normal operation in which the supercooling water is generated by the two supercoolers 5a and 5b. About the melting operation to restore the good flow of ice water by melting the ice by the temperature rise and water supply pressure when the ice adheres to the flow path and the ice water becomes difficult to flow, the supercooling release tank When the ice adheres to the part A where the ice water generated in 7b flows and the blockage phenomenon of the flow path occurs, the ice adheres to the part B where the ice water generated in the supercooling release tank 7a flows and flows. This will be described separately when a road blockage phenomenon occurs.
[0056]
(1) When ice adheres to the part A of the ice water channel 64 and the channel is blocked.
When ice adheres to the part A of the ice water flow path 64 and the blockage phenomenon of the flow path occurs, the water level of the supercooling release tank 7b rises. This water level is detected by the water level gauge 53b, and when the set water level is reached, the two brine channel switching valves 45c and 45d provided in the middle of the brine channel 63 are closed to stop the supply of brine to the subcooler 5b. To do. Therefore, the cold water flowing through the subcooler 5b is not cooled by the brine. The brine flow path switching valves 45a and 45b remain open, and the supply of brine to the subcooler 5a is continued.
[0057]
Next, the flow path switching valve 57 and the bypass flow path switching valves 51a and 51b are opened, the pump 56 and the cold water supply pump 58 are operated, and the cold water flowing from the ice heat storage tank 9 is heated by the heater 43, and further the preheater Heat by 19. The cold water is controlled so that the cooling capacity of the refrigerator 3 is adjusted to a predetermined temperature based on a signal from a temperature sensor 55 provided in the cold water flow path 62.
[0058]
Cold water heated to a predetermined temperature is supplied to each of the subcoolers 5a and 5b. The chilled water supplied to the supercooler 5b reaches the part A of the ice water channel 64 via the supercooling release tank 7b without being supercooled, adheres to the part A, and causes a blockage phenomenon of the channel. The melted ice is poured into the ice heat storage tank 9 while being melted by heating and water supply.
[0059]
At the same time, the cold water supplied to the other supercooler 5a is brought into a supercooled state by brine as usual, becomes supercooled water, and is supplied to the supercooling release tank 7a. Then, the supercooled water is released from the supercooled state in the supercooling release tank 7 a to be generated in ice, and the ice is stored in the ice heat storage tank 9 through the ice water flow path 64.
[0060]
If the water level meter 53b detects that the water level in the supercooling release tank 7b has returned to the original level, it switches from the melting operation to the normal operation based on the detection signal from the water level meter 53b, and the cooling capacity of the refrigerator is also restored. Returned to the ability.
[0061]
The refrigerator 3 continues to operate even when ice adheres to the part A of the ice water channel 64 and the channel blockage phenomenon occurs. However, when the heater 43 is operated, the refrigerator 3 can reduce the operation to half the normal cooling capacity. This is because the brine circulation to the subcooler 5b is stopped, so that the brine circulation amount in the brine flow path 63 is reduced by half, and the heat absorption amount from the brine in the evaporator 21 is reduced by half. .
[0062]
(2) When ice adheres to part B of the ice water channel 64 and the channel is blocked.
When ice adheres to the part B of the ice water flow path 64 and the blockage phenomenon of the flow path occurs, the water level in the supercooling release tank 7a rises. This water level is detected by the water level meter 53a, and when the set water level is reached, the two brine flow path switching valves 45a and 45b are switched and closed to stop the supply of brine to the subcooler 5a. Therefore, the cold water flowing through the subcooler 5a is not cooled by the brine. The brine flow path switching valves 45c and 45d are open, and the supply of brine to the supercooler 5b is continued.
[0063]
Next, the flow path switching valve 57 and the bypass flow path switching valves 51a and 51b are opened, the pump 56 and the cold water supply pump 58 are operated, and the cold water flowing from the ice heat storage tank 9 is heated by the heater 43, and further the preheater Heat by 19. The cold water is controlled so that the cooling capacity of the refrigerator 3 is adjusted to a predetermined temperature based on a signal from a temperature sensor 55 provided in the cold water flow path 62.
[0064]
Cold water heated to a predetermined temperature is supplied to each of the subcoolers 5a and 5b. The chilled water supplied to the supercooler 5a reaches the part B of the ice water channel 64 via the supercooling release tank 7a without being supercooled, and adheres to the part B to cause a blockage phenomenon of the channel. The melted ice is poured into the ice heat storage tank 9 while being melted by heating and water supply.
[0065]
At the same time, the cold water supplied to the other supercooler 5b is brought into a supercooled state by brine as usual, becomes supercooled water, and is supplied to the supercooling release tank 7b. Then, the supercooled water is released from the supercooled state in the supercooling release tank 7 b and generated into ice, and this ice is stored in the ice heat storage tank 9 via the ice water flow path 64.
[0066]
If the water level gauge 53a detects that the water level in the supercooling release tank 7a has returned to the original level, the operation is switched from the melting operation to the normal operation based on the detection signal from the water level gauge 53a, and the cooling capacity of the refrigerator is also restored. Returned to the ability.
[0067]
The refrigerator 3 continues to operate even when ice adheres to the portion B of the ice water flow path 64 and the flow path is blocked, but when the heater 43 is operated, the operation is half of the normal amount. It can be operated with a reduced cooling capacity. Since it is the same reason as the above (1), the description is omitted.
[0068]
The ice heat storage device 41 in the second embodiment uses the refrigerant flowing from the condenser 25 of the refrigerator 3 to the expansion valve 27 as cold heat for melting ice mixed in the cold water supplied to the subcooler 5. By doing so, since it is not necessary to melt ice using a heat source separate from the ice heat storage device 41, it is extremely economical.
[0069]
Further, even if ice adheres to the ice water flow path 64 and the blockage phenomenon of the flow path occurs, the refrigerator 3 operates the heater 43 in a state in which the operation is continued and melts the ice. The subcooler continues to operate. Therefore, the loss of the heat storage time of ice in the ice heat storage tank 9 can be made extremely short, which is extremely economical. Moreover, since it can operate | run by reducing the refrigerating capacity of the refrigerator 3 to the half of normal, waste of power consumption can be prevented.
[0070]
[Third Embodiment]
Next, an ice heat storage device according to a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The ice heat storage device according to the third embodiment is one in which the supercoolers 5a and 5b and the two supercooling release tanks 7a and 7 are provided in the second embodiment, respectively. Yes, the ice water flow path 64 that communicates the supercooling release tank 7 and the ice heat storage tank 9 has a function of ice coagulation and melting that opens the ice agglomeration site even if the ice water flow path becomes clogged and the ice water becomes difficult to flow. It is a thing.
[0071]
FIG. 5 shows a configuration diagram of the ice heat storage device. The ice heat storage device 81 includes a refrigerator 3, a supercooler 5, a supercooling release tank 7, an ice heat storage tank 9, a cooling tower (cooler) 11, and a heater 43. Since the ice heat storage device 81 is the same as the ice heat storage device 41 of the second embodiment except that the supercooler 5 and the supercooling release tank 7 are each reduced by one, the same reference numerals are used for the same parts. The description is omitted.
[0072]
Further, the normal operation for generating the supercooled water by the supercooler 5 is as described above.
Next, during the normal operation of generating supercooling water by the supercooler 5, ice adheres to a part of the ice water flow path 64 communicating between the ice heat storage tank 9 and the supercooling release tank 7 and flows. A melting operation for recovering a good flow of ice water by melting the ice with a temperature rise and a water supply pressure when a clogging phenomenon of the road occurs and it becomes difficult for the ice water to flow will be described.
[0073]
When ice adheres to the portion C of the ice water channel 64 and the channel blockage phenomenon occurs, the water level of the supercooling release tank 7 rises. This water level is detected by the water level gauge 53, and when the set water level is reached, the refrigerator 3 is stopped. Therefore, the chilled water is not cooled in the subcooler 5.
[0074]
Next, the flow path switching valve 57 and the bypass flow path switching valves 51a and 51b are opened, the pump 56 and the cold water supply pump 58 are operated, and the cold water heated by the preheater 19 passes through the cold water bypass flow path. After further heating via 43, it is supplied to the subcooler 5.
[0075]
In addition, since the water supply capability of the cold water supply pump 58 and the cold water circulation pump 17 is constant, the temperature of the cold water supplied to the subcooler 5 is also kept constant. The temperature of the cold water is monitored by a temperature sensor 55, and the temperature of the cold water can be adjusted by changing the water supply capacity of the cold water supply pump 58.
[0076]
Next, the heated chilled water flows through the supercooling release tank 7 without being cooled by the supercooler 5 and flows into the ice water flow path 64, where the ice adheres to cause a blockage phenomenon C of the flow path. The ice is then poured into the ice heat storage tank 9 while being melted by the temperature rise and the water supply pressure.
[0077]
If the water level meter 53 detects that the water level in the supercooling release tank 7 has returned to the original level, the operation is switched from the melting operation to the normal operation.
The ice heat storage device 81 in the third embodiment uses the refrigerant flowing from the condenser 25 of the refrigerator 3 to the expansion valve 27 as cold heat for melting ice mixed in the cold water supplied to the subcooler 5. By doing so, since it is not necessary to melt ice using a heat source separate from the ice heat storage device 81, it is extremely economical.
[0078]
Even if ice adheres to the ice water flow path 64 communicating between the supercooling release tank 7 and the ice heat storage tank 9 to cause a clogging phenomenon in the pipe and the ice water becomes difficult to flow, the clogging using the heater 43 is performed. The opened channel can be opened in a short time. Therefore, the loss of the heat storage time of ice in the ice heat storage tank 9 can be made extremely short, and an increase in running cost can be suppressed.
[0079]
Further, when the heater 43 is used, the remaining heat of the condenser 25 of the refrigerator 3 can be used even when the refrigerator 3 is stopped, or the cooling tower 11 can be operated to acquire heat from the outside air and use it. .
[0080]
[Fourth Embodiment]
Next, an ice heat storage device according to a fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The ice heat storage device according to the fourth embodiment has three supercoolers 5a and 5b and two supercooling release tanks 7a and 7 in the second embodiment. Yes, the ice water flow path 64 that communicates the supercooling release tank 7 and the ice heat storage tank 9 has a function of ice coagulation and melting that opens the ice agglomeration site even if the ice water flow path becomes clogged and the ice water becomes difficult to flow. It is a thing.
[0081]
FIG. 6 shows a configuration diagram of the ice heat storage device. The ice heat storage device 83 includes a refrigerator 3, a supercooler 5, a supercooling release tank 7, an ice heat storage tank 9, a cooling tower (cooler) 11, and a heater 43. The ice heat storage device 83 mainly includes one supercooler 5 and one subcooling release tank 7 from the ice heat storage device 41 of the second embodiment. increase Since the other points are the same except for the points described above, the same reference numerals are given to the same mode portions and the description thereof is omitted.
[0082]
Further, the normal operation and the melting operation for generating the supercooling water by the supercooler 5 are performed in accordance with the ice heat storage device 41 of the second embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
Even if three supercoolers 5 are provided, the same effect as that of the ice heat storage device 41 of the second embodiment can be obtained.
[0083]
In this way, even with equipment having three or more supercoolers 5, ice making can be continued without stopping the system by switching valves, and stable operation of a large-scale supercooled ice heat storage system is achieved.
[0084]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the ice heat storage device of the present invention described in claim 1, the preheater that heats the cold water flowing from the ice heat storage tank to the supercooler by the refrigerant flowing from the condenser of the refrigerator to the decompression device. By having it, the ice mixed in the cold water supplied to the subcooler can be melted without using a heat source separate from the ice heat storage device, which is extremely economical. In addition, by using the latent heat amount of the refrigerant cooled by the preheater for the cold heat absorption of the brine that brings the cold water into the supercooled state, it is possible to absorb more heat from the cold water and change the cold water to the supercooled state. In addition, the cooling capacity of the refrigerant can be increased, and the brine can be cooled to a desired temperature with a small amount of refrigerant circulation. This improves the efficiency of the refrigerator and is economical.
[0085]
Moreover, according to the ice heat storage device of the present invention described in claim 2, the ice water flow path is provided by including the preheater, the heater, the first flow path switching means, and the second flow path switching means. Even if ice adheres and becomes clogged and it becomes difficult for ice water to flow, the refrigerator is operated while the operation is continued to melt and wash the ice, and one supercooler operates. Can continue. Therefore, the loss of the heat storage time of ice in the ice heat storage tank can be made extremely short, which is extremely economical. In addition, since the refrigerator can be operated with the refrigeration capacity of the refrigerator being reduced to half of the normal, waste of power consumption can be prevented.
[0086]
According to the ice heat storage device of the present invention as set forth in claim 3, the preheater, the heater, and the flow path switching means are provided, and the cooling operation is stopped by stopping the operation of the refrigerator in the melting operation. Even if ice adheres to the ice water flow path communicating between the release portion and the ice heat storage tank and becomes blocked and the ice water does not flow easily, the blockage can be opened in a short time using a heater. Therefore, the loss of the heat storage time of ice in the ice heat storage tank can be made extremely short, and an increase in running cost can be suppressed.
[0087]
Further, when using the heater, the preheat of the condenser of the refrigerator can be used even when the refrigerator is stopped, or the cooler can be operated to obtain heat from the outside air.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an ice heat storage device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a Mollier diagram showing the state of refrigerant in the refrigerator in the ice heat storage device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a preheater of a refrigerator in the ice heat storage device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram showing an ice heat storage device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing an ice heat storage device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram showing an ice heat storage device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1,41,81 Ice heat storage device
3 Freezer
5,5a, 5b Supercooler
7, 7a, 7b Supercooling release tank
9 Ice storage tank
11 Cooling tower (cooler)
13 ice
15 Cold water (water)
19 Preheater
21 Evaporator
23 Compressor
25 Condenser
27 Expansion valve (pressure reduction device)
43 Heater
45a, 45b, 45c, 45d, 45e, 45f Brine flow path switching valve (second flow path switching means)
49a, 49b, 49c Channel switching valve (first channel switching means)
51a, 51b Bypass flow path switching valve (first flow path switching means)
64 Ice water channel
65 Cooling water flow path

Claims

A refrigerator having an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and a pressure reducing device, a cooler for supplying cooling water to the condenser of the refrigerator through a cooling water flow path to cool the refrigerant of the refrigerator, and storing water and ice An ice heat storage tank, a plurality of subcoolers for diverting the cold water supplied from the ice heat storage tank and cooling it to a supercooled state with brine cooled by an evaporator in the refrigerator, and an overheat generated by each subcooler A plurality of supercooling release units that generate ice by releasing the supercooled state of the cooling water, and the ice generated in the supercooling release unit is supplied to the ice heat storage tank through the ice water flow path as ice water together with the cold water In the ice heat storage device that
A preheater that heats cold water flowing from the ice heat storage tank to the supercooler by sensible heat of the liquid refrigerant of the refrigerator;
A heater for heating the cold water led from the ice heat storage tank to the supercooler by the cooling water flowing from the cooler to the condenser of the refrigerator;
In normal operation in which supercooling water is generated by a supercooler, when the cold water flows from the ice heat storage tank to the supercooler by bypassing the heater, the freezing part of the ice water passage becomes difficult to flow due to freezing. A first flow path switching means for flowing cold water from the ice storage tank to the supercooler in the melting operation for melting
In the normal operation, the brine of the evaporator is supplied to each subcooler, and in the melting operation, the supercooling water is supplied to the frozen portion of the ice water flow path as it is. Second flow path switching means for stopping the supply of brine to the vessel;
An ice heat storage device comprising:

A refrigerator having an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and a pressure reducing device, a cooler for supplying cooling water to the condenser of the refrigerator through a cooling water flow path to cool the refrigerant of the refrigerator, and storing water and ice An ice heat storage tank, a plurality of subcoolers for diverting the cold water supplied from the ice heat storage tank and cooling it to a supercooled state with brine cooled by an evaporator in the refrigerator, and an overheat generated by each subcooler A plurality of supercooling release units that generate ice by releasing the supercooled state of the cooling water, and the ice generated in the supercooling release unit is supplied to the ice heat storage tank through the ice water flow path as ice water together with the cold water In the ice heat storage device that
A preheater that heats cold water flowing from the ice heat storage tank to the supercooler by sensible heat of the liquid refrigerant of the refrigerator;
A heater for heating the cold water led from the ice heat storage tank to the supercooler by the cooling water flowing from the cooler to the condenser of the refrigerator;
In normal operation in which supercooling water is generated by a supercooler, when the cold water flows from the ice heat storage tank to the supercooler by bypassing the heater, the freezing part of the ice water passage becomes difficult to flow due to freezing. A first flow path switching means for flowing cold water from the ice storage tank to the supercooler in the melting operation for melting
In the normal operation, the brine of the evaporator is supplied to each subcooler, and in the melting operation, the supply of the brine to one of the subcoolers on the upstream side of the frozen portion of the ice water flow path is stopped. Second flow path switching means;
An ice heat storage device comprising:

A refrigerator having an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and a pressure reducing device, a cooler for supplying cooling water to the condenser of the refrigerator through a cooling water flow path to cool the refrigerant of the refrigerator, and storing water and ice An ice heat storage tank, a supercooler that cools cold water supplied from the ice heat storage tank to a supercooled state by brine cooled by an evaporator in the refrigerator, and a supercooled state of the supercooled water generated by the subcooler An ice storage device that supplies ice to the ice heat storage tank via an ice water flow path as ice water together with cold water.
A preheater that heats cold water flowing from the ice heat storage tank to the supercooler by sensible heat of the liquid refrigerant of the refrigerator;
A heater for heating the cold water flowing from the ice heat storage tank to the supercooler by the cooling water flowing from the cooler to the condenser of the refrigerator;
In normal operation in which supercooling water is generated by a supercooler, when the cold water flows from the ice heat storage tank to the supercooler by bypassing the heater, the freezing part of the ice water passage becomes difficult to flow due to freezing. In the melting operation to melt the flow path, the flow path switching means that heats the cold water through the heater and flows from the ice heat storage tank to the supercooler,
The ice heat storage device is characterized in that the operation of the refrigerator is stopped in the melting operation.