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JP3854686B2 - Friction resistance reducing agent for aqueous medium and method for reducing frictional resistance of aqueous medium using the reducing agent - Google Patents
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JP3854686B2 - Friction resistance reducing agent for aqueous medium and method for reducing frictional resistance of aqueous medium using the reducing agent - Google Patents

Friction resistance reducing agent for aqueous medium and method for reducing frictional resistance of aqueous medium using the reducing agent Download PDF

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JP3854686B2
JP3854686B2 JP18564197A JP18564197A JP3854686B2 JP 3854686 B2 JP3854686 B2 JP 3854686B2 JP 18564197 A JP18564197 A JP 18564197A JP 18564197 A JP18564197 A JP 18564197A JP 3854686 B2 JP3854686 B2 JP 3854686B2
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Prior art keywords
aqueous medium
reducing agent
frictional resistance
reducing
amine
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JP18564197A
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JPH1129758A (en
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二男 涌井
晶子 川島
均 菅原
誠 山内
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Lion Corp
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Lion Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、乱流水性媒体の摩擦抵抗を減少させるための添加剤、特に、管内乱流の摩擦抵抗を低温から高温にわたる広い温度範囲で減少させることができる摩擦抵抗低減剤及び該摩擦抵抗低減剤を用いる摩擦抵抗の低減方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
管内乱流に少量の特定物質を添加すると摩擦抵抗が減少することは、抗力減少効果として一般に知られている。
このような抗力減少効果を発揮する物質、すなわち抗力減少剤として、高分子化合物を使用することが知られており、米国特許第3,961,639号公報にはポリエチレンオキサイドが開示されており、又特開昭56−28262号公報にはポリアクリルアミドなどの使用が開示されている。
しかしながら、高分子化合物はポンプや曲がった管内を流れる際に高分子鎖の切断が起こり、抗力減少効果を示さなくなる欠点がある。従って高分子化合物はその機械的劣化により抗力減少剤として長期間使用することができない。
これに対して、界面活性剤を添加することによる抗力減少方法が考えられている。界面活性剤は水性媒体中でミセルを形成して抗力減少効果を発揮すると考えられており機械的劣化を起こさないので抗力減少剤として長期間使用することが可能である。
特公平5−47534号公報にはアルキルトリメチルアンモニウム塩、ピリジウム塩などの界面活性剤、特開昭60−152448号公報にはアルキルジメチルポリオキシエチルアンモニウム塩などの界面活性剤を抗力減少剤として使用する方法が記載されている。これらの方法は、室温から高温域にかけて抗力減少効果が認められるもののその効果は十分ではなく、しかも低温域では、溶解性が著しく劣り結晶が析出し、抗力減少効果が著しく阻害されるといった問題がある。
さらに、特開昭60−99199号公報にはオレイルジ(ヒドロキシエチル)アミンオキシドなどの界面活性剤を抗力減少剤として使用する方法が記載されている。この方法では腐食性のハロゲンイオンを含有しない利点があるものの、添加量を多く必要とし、しかもその抗力減少効果は不十分であるという問題がある。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、低温から高温にわたる広い温度範囲で水性媒体の摩擦抵抗を低減できる添加剤及び該添加剤を用いた水性媒体の摩擦抵抗低減方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、脂肪族炭化水素基を有するアミンオキシドと脂肪族アミンとを併用すると上記課題を効率的に解決できるとの知見に基づいてなされたのである。
すなわち、本発明は、(a)飽和または不飽和脂肪族炭化水素基を有する下記一般式(I)で表されるアミンオキシド、及び(b)脂肪族アミンとを含有することを特徴とする水性媒体用摩擦抵抗低減剤を提供する。
【0005】
【化3】

Figure 0003854686
(式中、R1 は、炭素数8〜22の直鎖状あるいは分岐鎖状の飽和または不飽和脂肪族炭化水素基、R2 及びR3 は、メチル基、エチル基または下記一般式(II)で表される基である。)
【0006】
【化4】
Figure 0003854686
(式中、nは1〜5、Yは水素又はメチル基である。)
本発明は、また、水性媒体に上記摩擦抵抗低減剤を加えることを特徴とする水性媒体の摩擦抵抗低減方法を提供する。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
一般式(I)中、R2 及びR3 は同一の基であるのが好ましい。又、一般式(II)中、Yは水素が好ましく、nは1が好ましい。
本発明において、(a)成分のR1 は炭素数8〜22、好ましくは12〜22の直鎖状あるいは分岐鎖状の飽和または不飽和脂肪族炭化水素基、特にアルキル、アルケニル基を表し、ラウリン酸残基、椰子脂肪酸残基、パルミチン酸残基、ステアリン酸残基、オレイン酸残基、牛脂脂肪酸残基、エルカ酸残基、リノール酸残基、リノレイン酸残基等が挙げられる。これらのうち、ステアリン酸残基、オレイン酸残基、牛脂脂肪酸残基が好ましい。
本発明で用いるアミンオキシドの具体例としては、ラウリルジメチルアミンオキシド、ココイルジメチルアミンオキシド、ミリストイルジメチルアミンオキシド、パルミチルジメチルアミンオキシド、ステアリルジメチルアミンオキシド、オレイルジメチルアミンオキシド、タロージメチルアミンオキシド、エルシルジメチルアミンオキシド、ラウリルジ(ヒドロキシエチル)アミンオキシド、ステアリルジ(ヒドロキシエチル)アミンオキシド、オレイルジ(ヒドロキシエチル)アミンオキシド、タロージ(ヒドロキシエチル)アミンオキシド、エルシルジ(ヒドロキシエチル)アミンオキシドなどの一種又は二種以上の混合物があげられる。これらのうち、オレイルジメチルアミンオキシド、タロージメチルアミンオキシド、ステアリルジ(ヒドロキシエチル)アミンオキシド、オレイルジ(ヒドロキシエチル)アミンオキシド、タロージ(ヒドロキシエチル)アミンオキシドが好ましく、ステアリルジ(ヒドロキシエチル)アミンオキシド、オレイルジ(ヒドロキシエチル)アミンオキシドが特に好ましい。
また(b)成分の脂肪族アミンとしては、炭素数8〜22のアルキル又はアルケニルアミン等であり、これらは各々単独あるいは二種以上混合して使用することもできる。本発明で用いられるアルキルまたはアルケニルアミンの具体例としてはタローアミン、オレイルアミン、ジタローアミン、ジステアリルアミン、ジオレイルアミン、ラウリルジメチルアミン、ステアリルジメチルアミン、オレイルジメチルアミン、タロージメチルアミン、エルシルジメチルアミン、ラウリルジ(ヒドロキシエチル)アミン、タロージ(ヒドロキシエチル)アミン、ステアリルジ(ヒドロキシエチル)アミン、オレイルジ(ヒドロキシエチル)アミン、エルシルジ(ヒドロキシエチル)アミン等があげられる。これらのうち、オレイルジメチルアミン、タロージメチルアミン、タロージ(ヒドロキシエチル)アミン、ステアリルジ(ヒドロキシエチル)アミン、オレイルジ(ヒドロキシエチル)アミンが好ましく、オレイルジメチルアミン、ステアリルジ(ヒドロキシエチル)アミン、オレイルジ(ヒドロキシエチル)アミンが特に好ましい。
【0008】
(a)成分のアミンオキシドの添加量は水性媒体に対して0. 001〜5重量%が好適であり、より好ましくは0. 01〜1重量%である。(b)成分の脂肪族アミンの添加量は(a)成分に対して0. 001〜5重量%が好適であり、より好ましくは0. 01〜2重量%である。
また、本発明の摩擦抵抗低減剤に有機酸及び/または有機酸塩を添加することにより、摩擦抵抗をさらに低減することができる。有機酸としては、有機スルホン酸、有機カルボン酸またはそれらの塩等の一種又は二種以上の混合物があげられる。有機スルホン酸、有機カルボン酸は、アルキルまたはアルケニルスルホン酸、芳香族スルホン酸、脂肪族カルボン酸または芳香族カルボン酸等であり、特に炭素数6〜10の芳香族スルホン酸又は炭素数7〜11の芳香族カルボン酸が望ましい。有機酸塩としては、上記有機酸のアルカリ金属塩またはアルカリ土類金属塩等であり、特に芳香族のスルホン酸塩、カルボン酸塩が望ましい。これらのうち、炭素数7〜11の芳香族カルボン酸またはその塩が好ましい。具体的には、サリチル酸、ナフトエ酸、メタ−クロロ安息香酸、サリチル酸ナトリウム、ナフトエ酸ナトリウムなどがあげられる。これらのうち、サリチル酸ナトリウムが特に好ましい。有機酸及び/または有機酸塩の添加量は(a)成分に対して0. 001〜3倍モルが好適であり、より好ましくは0. 01〜1倍モルである。
【0009】
本発明の摩擦抵抗低減剤は、水性媒体の様々な目的に応じてさらに防錆剤、エチレングリコール等の溶剤、ポリオルガノシリコーン等の消泡剤などを含有させることができる。
本発明の摩擦抵抗低減剤は、上記成分の混合物として、又は水で希釈して上記成分を20重量%以上含有する濃縮物とすることができる。又、本発明の摩擦抵抗低減方法を行うにあたって、本発明の摩擦抵抗低減剤をそのまま、又は所望の濃度に希釈して対象とする流体に添加するのがよい。又、対象とする流体に成分(a)と(b)とを別々に添加することもできる。
【0010】
【発明の効果】
本発明の摩擦抵抗低減剤及び低減方法は、流体輸送において配管設備費の低減、ポンプ所要動力の低減に有効である。特に、機械的劣化がなく、低温から高温の広い温度範囲で使用できることから、循環使用される流体中、例えば、各種工業プラントの加熱、冷却系、地域冷暖房システムに利用できる。
次に実施例により本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明は、これらの例によってなんら限定されるものではない。
【0011】
【実施例】
実施例1〜7
表1に示した所定量のアミンオキシド及び表2に示した所定量の脂肪族アミンをスクリュー式ミキサー(スクリュー径:10mm、撹拌条件:9500rpm×5min)を用いて試料溶液を均一化し、ウォーターバスで所定の温度にした後、渦減少効果を評価した。結果を表3に示す。
尚、試料溶液の抗力減少効果の評価は、C.Blais,I.Harwigsson,M.Hellsten,J.Wollerstrand他 1996(CESIO in Barcelona) に記載されている、抗力減少効果の簡便な評価法である渦減少効果を測定することにより行った。すなわち、200mlビーカーに試料溶液175mLを入れて6mm×30mmのスターラーを撹拌し(900rpm)、発生する渦の深さ(Xcm)により、以下の基準で判定を行った。Xはその値が小さい程、抗力減少が大きいことを意味する。
Figure 0003854686
【0012】
【表1】
Figure 0003854686
【0013】
【表2】
Figure 0003854686
【0014】
比較例1
水性媒体用摩擦抵抗低減剤を用いないことを除き、実施例1と同様にして実験を行った。結果を表3に示す。
【0015】
比較例2〜5
脂肪族アミンを用いないことを除き、実施例1〜7と同様にして実験を行った。結果を表3に示す。
【表3】
Figure 0003854686
【0016】
実施例8
さらに、サリチル酸ナトリウムを300ppm 添加して、実施例1と同様にして実験を行った。渦減少効果は◎で非常に良好であった。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an additive for reducing the frictional resistance of a turbulent aqueous medium, in particular, a frictional resistance reducing agent capable of reducing the frictional resistance of turbulent pipe flow in a wide temperature range from low temperature to high temperature, and the frictional resistance reduction. The present invention relates to a method for reducing frictional resistance using an agent.
[0002]
[Prior art]
It is generally known as a drag reducing effect that the frictional resistance decreases when a small amount of a specific substance is added to the turbulent flow in the pipe.
It is known to use a polymer compound as a substance that exhibits such a drag reducing effect, that is, a drag reducing agent, and US Pat. No. 3,961,639 discloses polyethylene oxide, JP-A-56-28262 discloses the use of polyacrylamide and the like.
However, the polymer compound has a drawback that the polymer chain is broken when it flows through a pump or a bent pipe, and the drag reducing effect is not exhibited. Therefore, the polymer compound cannot be used as a drag reducing agent for a long time due to its mechanical deterioration.
On the other hand, a drag reduction method by adding a surfactant is considered. The surfactant is considered to exhibit a drag reducing effect by forming micelles in an aqueous medium, and since it does not cause mechanical deterioration, it can be used as a drag reducing agent for a long period of time.
JP-B-5-47534 uses surfactants such as alkyltrimethylammonium salts and pyridium salts, and JP-A-60-152448 uses surfactants such as alkyldimethylpolyoxyethylammonium salts as drag reducing agents. How to do is described. Although these methods show a drag reduction effect from room temperature to a high temperature range, the effect is not sufficient, and in the low temperature range, there is a problem that the solubility is extremely poor and crystals precipitate, and the drag reduction effect is significantly inhibited. is there.
Further, JP-A-60-99199 describes a method in which a surfactant such as oleyldi (hydroxyethyl) amine oxide is used as a drag reducing agent. Although this method has an advantage of not containing corrosive halogen ions, there is a problem that a large amount of addition is required and the drag reduction effect is insufficient.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide an additive capable of reducing the frictional resistance of an aqueous medium in a wide temperature range from a low temperature to a high temperature, and a method for reducing the frictional resistance of an aqueous medium using the additive.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made based on the knowledge that the above-mentioned problems can be efficiently solved when an amine oxide having an aliphatic hydrocarbon group and an aliphatic amine are used in combination.
That is, the present invention contains (a) an amine oxide represented by the following general formula (I) having a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and (b) an aliphatic amine. A friction resistance reducing agent for a medium is provided.
[0005]
[Chemical 3]
Figure 0003854686
(Wherein R 1 is a linear or branched saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, R 2 and R 3 are a methyl group, an ethyl group or the following general formula (II ).
[0006]
[Formula 4]
Figure 0003854686
(In the formula, n is 1 to 5, and Y is hydrogen or a methyl group.)
The present invention also provides a method for reducing the frictional resistance of an aqueous medium, wherein the frictional resistance reducing agent is added to the aqueous medium.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In general formula (I), R 2 and R 3 are preferably the same group. In general formula (II), Y is preferably hydrogen and n is preferably 1.
In the present invention, R 1 in the component (a) represents a linear or branched saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 22, particularly an alkyl or alkenyl group, Examples thereof include lauric acid residue, coconut fatty acid residue, palmitic acid residue, stearic acid residue, oleic acid residue, beef tallow fatty acid residue, erucic acid residue, linoleic acid residue, linolenic acid residue and the like. Of these, stearic acid residues, oleic acid residues, and tallow fatty acid residues are preferred.
Specific examples of the amine oxide used in the present invention include lauryl dimethylamine oxide, cocoyl dimethylamine oxide, myristoyl dimethylamine oxide, palmityl dimethylamine oxide, stearyl dimethylamine oxide, oleyl dimethylamine oxide, tallow dimethylamine oxide, and erucyl. One or two kinds such as dimethylamine oxide, lauryl di (hydroxyethyl) amine oxide, stearyl di (hydroxyethyl) amine oxide, oleyl di (hydroxyethyl) amine oxide, tarodi (hydroxyethyl) amine oxide, erucyldi (hydroxyethyl) amine oxide The above mixture is mentioned. Of these, oleyl dimethylamine oxide, tallow dimethylamine oxide, stearyl di (hydroxyethyl) amine oxide, oleyl di (hydroxyethyl) amine oxide, tallow di (hydroxyethyl) amine oxide are preferred, stearyl di (hydroxyethyl) amine oxide, Oleyl di (hydroxyethyl) amine oxide is particularly preferred.
The aliphatic amine as component (b) is an alkyl or alkenyl amine having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Specific examples of the alkyl or alkenylamine used in the present invention include tallowamine, oleylamine, ditallowamine, distearylamine, dioleylamine, lauryldimethylamine, stearyldimethylamine, oleyldimethylamine, tallowdimethylamine, erucyldimethylamine, lauryldi ( Hydroxyethyl) amine, tallow di (hydroxyethyl) amine, stearyldi (hydroxyethyl) amine, oleyldi (hydroxyethyl) amine, erucyldi (hydroxyethyl) amine and the like. Of these, oleyldimethylamine, tallowdimethylamine, tallowdi (hydroxyethyl) amine, stearyldi (hydroxyethyl) amine, and oleyldi (hydroxyethyl) amine are preferred, and oleyldimethylamine, stearyldi (hydroxyethyl) amine, oleyldi ( Hydroxyethyl) amine is particularly preferred.
[0008]
Component (a) is preferably added in an amount of amine oxide of 0.001 to 5% by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 1% by weight, based on the aqueous medium. Component (b) is preferably added in an amount of 0.01 to 5% by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 2% by weight, based on component (a).
Further, the frictional resistance can be further reduced by adding an organic acid and / or an organic acid salt to the frictional resistance reducing agent of the present invention. Examples of the organic acid include one or a mixture of two or more of organic sulfonic acid, organic carboxylic acid or a salt thereof. The organic sulfonic acid and the organic carboxylic acid are alkyl or alkenyl sulfonic acid, aromatic sulfonic acid, aliphatic carboxylic acid, aromatic carboxylic acid, and the like. Aromatic carboxylic acids are preferred. Examples of the organic acid salt include alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts of the above organic acids, and aromatic sulfonates and carboxylates are particularly desirable. Of these, aromatic carboxylic acids having 7 to 11 carbon atoms or salts thereof are preferred. Specific examples include salicylic acid, naphthoic acid, meta-chlorobenzoic acid, sodium salicylate, sodium naphthoate and the like. Of these, sodium salicylate is particularly preferred. The addition amount of the organic acid and / or organic acid salt is preferably 0.001 to 3 moles, more preferably 0.01 to 1 moles, relative to the component (a).
[0009]
The frictional resistance reducing agent of the present invention can further contain a rust inhibitor, a solvent such as ethylene glycol, an antifoaming agent such as polyorganosilicone, and the like according to various purposes of the aqueous medium.
The frictional resistance reducing agent of the present invention can be made into a concentrate containing 20% by weight or more of the above components as a mixture of the above components or diluted with water. In performing the frictional resistance reducing method of the present invention, the frictional resistance reducing agent of the present invention is preferably added to the target fluid as it is or after being diluted to a desired concentration. Moreover, component (a) and (b) can also be added separately to the target fluid.
[0010]
【The invention's effect】
The frictional resistance reducing agent and the reducing method of the present invention are effective in reducing piping equipment costs and pumping power in fluid transportation. In particular, since there is no mechanical deterioration and it can be used in a wide temperature range from a low temperature to a high temperature, it can be used in a circulating fluid, for example, for heating, cooling systems, district heating and cooling systems of various industrial plants.
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited at all by these examples.
[0011]
【Example】
Examples 1-7
The sample solution was homogenized using a screw mixer (screw diameter: 10 mm, stirring condition: 9500 rpm × 5 min) with a predetermined amount of amine oxide shown in Table 1 and a predetermined amount of aliphatic amine shown in Table 2, and a water bath Then, the vortex reduction effect was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.
The evaluation of the drag reduction effect of the sample solution is a simple evaluation method for the drag reduction effect described in C. Blais, I. Harwigsson, M. Hellsten, J. Wollerstrand et al. 1996 (CESIO in Barcelona). This was done by measuring the vortex reduction effect. That is, 175 mL of the sample solution was put into a 200 ml beaker, a 6 mm × 30 mm stirrer was stirred (900 rpm), and the determination was made based on the following criteria based on the depth of the generated vortex (Xcm). X means that the smaller the value, the greater the drag reduction.
Figure 0003854686
[0012]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003854686
[0013]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003854686
[0014]
Comparative Example 1
The experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the friction resistance reducing agent for an aqueous medium was not used. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0015]
Comparative Examples 2-5
Experiments were conducted in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 7 except that no aliphatic amine was used. The results are shown in Table 3.
[Table 3]
Figure 0003854686
[0016]
Example 8
Further, 300 ppm of sodium salicylate was added, and the experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1. The vortex reduction effect was very good with で.

Claims (2)

(a)下記一般式(I)で表されるアミンオキシド、及び(b)脂肪族アミンとを含有することを特徴とする水性媒体用摩擦抵抗低減剤。
Figure 0003854686
(式中、R1 は、炭素数8〜22の直鎖状あるいは分岐鎖状の飽和または不飽和脂肪族炭化水素基、R2 及びR3 は、メチル基、エチル基または下記一般式(II)で表される基である。)
Figure 0003854686
(式中、nは1〜5、Yは水素又はメチル基である。)
A frictional resistance reducing agent for an aqueous medium, comprising (a) an amine oxide represented by the following general formula (I) and (b) an aliphatic amine.
Figure 0003854686
(Wherein R 1 is a linear or branched saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, R 2 and R 3 are a methyl group, an ethyl group or the following general formula (II ).
Figure 0003854686
(In the formula, n is 1 to 5, and Y is hydrogen or a methyl group.)
水性媒体に請求項1記載の摩擦抵抗低減剤を加えることを特徴とする水性媒体の摩擦抵抗低減方法。A method for reducing the frictional resistance of an aqueous medium, comprising adding the frictional resistance reducing agent according to claim 1 to the aqueous medium.
JP18564197A 1997-07-11 1997-07-11 Friction resistance reducing agent for aqueous medium and method for reducing frictional resistance of aqueous medium using the reducing agent Expired - Fee Related JP3854686B2 (en)

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