JP3857903B2 - Thermal decomposition method for waste - Google Patents
Thermal decomposition method for waste Download PDFInfo
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- JP3857903B2 JP3857903B2 JP2001327854A JP2001327854A JP3857903B2 JP 3857903 B2 JP3857903 B2 JP 3857903B2 JP 2001327854 A JP2001327854 A JP 2001327854A JP 2001327854 A JP2001327854 A JP 2001327854A JP 3857903 B2 JP3857903 B2 JP 3857903B2
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- Prior art keywords
- waste
- pyrolysis
- thermal decomposition
- gas
- weight ratio
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/78—Recycling of wood or furniture waste
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]
Landscapes
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Coke Industry (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、廃棄物の熱分解処理方法に関するものであり、特に、熱分解時にロータリーキルン内で発生するコーキング現象を抑制する方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
廃タイヤは国内で年間約100万トン発生しているが、大半は熱源として、いわゆるサーマルリサイクルされている。
【0003】
一方、過去、タイヤを熱分解してカーボンブラックを回収する、いわゆるマテリアルリサイクルが検討されたものの、文献によれば、熱分解操業を継続すると炉壁に炭素質が付着して伝熱不良が発生すること(コーキング現象と以下記載する)による熱分解処理の生産性の低下および生産停止の課題が報告されている(日本ゴム協会誌 第59巻 第9号 89頁)。
【0004】
また、上記文献には、コーキング対策として、ロータリーキルン内にスクレーパーを取り付け、定期的に付着カーボンを削り落とす方法が紹介されている。同様の技術として、特開平8−155419号公報にも記載されている。
【0005】
しかしながら、上記日本ゴム協会誌の実験結果を見る限り、熱分解処理の経過時間と共に発生ガス量は明らかな低下傾向が読みとれ、スクレーパーの対策が完璧でないこと、装置が複雑化する事など、課題がある。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の方法では、上記のように、コーキング対策として複雑な設備投資を必要としながら、コーキングを解消できているレベルに至っていない。
【0007】
そこで、本発明は、熱分解時にロータリーキルン内で発生するコーキング現象を抑制する方法を提供するものであり、併せて、ロータリーキルンの熱分解対象物を多様な廃棄物でも可能な方法を提供する。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の要旨は以下の通りである。
(1)廃棄物をロータリーキルン内で外部からの間接加熱により熱分解する廃棄物処理方法において、廃タイヤとともに、芳香族重質分の発生を抑制するシュレッダーダスト、廃家電の混合樹脂、廃木材、廃プラスチックの少なくとも1種類以上を熱分解原料として使用することを特徴とする廃棄物の熱分解処理方法。
(2)熱分解対象廃棄物の内、重量比にして廃タイヤを90%未満で使用することを特徴とする(1)に記載の廃棄物の熱分解処理方法。
(3)熱分解対象廃棄物の内、重量比にして廃タイヤを20%以上で使用することを特徴とする(2)に記載の廃棄物の熱分解処理方法。
(4)熱分解時に発生するタールおよびガスを対象にして、次工程で水蒸気添加及び酸素による部分酸化を行うガス改質処理を行うことを特徴とする(1)から(3)に記載の廃棄物の熱分解処理方法。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明者らは、内径125mm長さ1530mmの外熱式ロータリーキルンを用いて、600から680℃にて廃タイヤ用いた18時間の熱分解実験を行った。
【0010】
約5mm程度の廃タイヤ破砕品のみを用いて熱分解実験を18時間継続したときの、ロータリーキルン内の壁面から5mmの部位の温度測定ならびに熱分解残渣を回収して工業分析の揮発分測定を行った結果を図1に示す。
【0011】
約12時間を越したところから、炉内の温度は低下し、残渣の揮発分が上昇を始め、炉内でコーキングが発生していることを検証できた。
【0012】
この実験条件のまま、熱分解原料を廃タイヤ単独ではなく、廃タイヤと自動車シュレッダーダストとを混合する条件で、実施したところ、表1のように、重量比にして廃タイヤを90%未満で使用すること、好ましくは75%未満で使用することで、コーキングが抑制できることが判明した。
【0013】
【表1】
【0014】
このコーキング抑制効果は、以下の様に考えられる。
【0015】
廃タイヤ熱分解時に発生するタール分には芳香族重質分が極めて多い。一方、シュレッダーダストや家電混合樹脂、あるいは廃木材は熱分解時に発生するタール分に芳香族重質分が少ないことが分析で判明した。
【0016】
一般に、コーキングは揮発温度が高く、分解されにくい芳香族重質分が原因物質とされる説がある。したがって、本発明法では、コーキング原因物質である芳香族重質分のキルンへのインプットを抑制できたためと考えられる。
【0017】
また、種種の嵩比重の廃棄物が投入され、ロータリーキルン内で転動することによる、壁面への付着物へ及ぼす力の変化なども影響していると考えられる。
【0018】
上記知見はシュレッダーダストと廃タイヤとの混合物で実施したが、廃家電の混合樹脂、廃木材、廃プラスチック等を混合しても構わない。
【0019】
本発明の実施の形態の一例を示すプロセスフローを図2に示す。
【0020】
廃タイヤ等の廃棄物1は、外熱式ロータリーキルン2に供給され、キルン内で600℃程度の温度で熱分解する。キルン出側にて、熱分解残渣3と発生ガスとタール分4に分離され、熱分解残渣3は、回収され適宜鉄分などを回収する。一方、発生ガスとタール分4は、そのままガスと油として回収する。また、図3のように発生ガスとタール分4を部分酸化と水蒸気でガス改質する工程を組み合わせることもできる。ここでのガス改質は、発生ガスとタール分は炭化水素からなるため、酸素と水蒸気とをガス改質炉へ吹き込むことにより、発熱反応と炭化水素の鎖の切断反応ならびに一酸化炭素ガスと水素ガスの生成が行われる。
【0021】
なお、ガス改質する工程を組み合わせた場合、特に問題となるのがキルンから発生するガス量の変動、炭素および水素のインプットモル数の変動、である。
【0022】
仮に、ガス量が変化し、供給する酸素量と水蒸気量とが一定であれば、ガス改質後のガス組成が変化し、ガスを利用した発電等が制御しにくくなる。
【0023】
本発明では、比較的素材構成が一定している廃タイヤをベースの廃棄物としていることから、上記のガス組成・量の変動でガス改質制御が難しくなる配合比率は、重量比にして廃タイヤを20%以上であることを知見した。なお、この比率であれば、タールを油として回収する方法を採用したとしても、油トラップの湯面変動などが安定して、操業が安定化する事も確認された。
【0024】
【実施例】
内径800mm長さ6000mmの外熱式ロータリーキルンを用いて、600から650℃にて200mm大の廃タイヤおよび外径50mm程度の自動車シュレッダーダストの減容固化物を用いて、36時間の熱分解実験を行った。
【0025】
廃棄物の供給速度は150kg/hrである。
【0026】
廃タイヤの重量比は89%、75%、50%の3水準(残部は自動車シュレッダーダスト)を実施した。
【0027】
実験中に回収した熱分解残渣の揮発分測定、ならびに実験後の炉内観察を行った。
【0028】
廃タイヤの重量比89%の場合には、炉尻の炉壁に若干の炭素質付着層が認められた。また、廃タイヤの重量比75%、50%の場合には、コーキング現象は発生しなかった。
【0029】
比較のために、実施例の実験装置・条件で、廃タイヤ単独で熱分解したところ、炉壁に炭素質付着層が認められ、熱分解発生ガス量が熱分解開始時に比べ37%低下した。
【0030】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、熱分解時にロータリーキルン内で発生するコーキング現象を抑制でき、併せて、多様な廃棄物を熱分解する際の操業変動も安定化でき、工業的に有益な方法を提供できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】コーキング現象の実態を示す。
【図2】本発明の実施形態の一例を示す。
【図3】本発明の実施形態の一例を示す。
【符号の説明】
1 廃棄物
2 ロータリーキルン
3 熱分解残渣
4 発生ガスとタール
5 ガス改質炉[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for thermally decomposing waste, and particularly to a method for suppressing a coking phenomenon that occurs in a rotary kiln during pyrolysis.
[0002]
[Prior art]
About 1 million tons of waste tires are generated annually in Japan, but most are so-called thermal recycling as a heat source.
[0003]
On the other hand, in the past, so-called material recycling, in which tires are pyrolyzed to recover carbon black, has been studied, but according to the literature, if pyrolysis operation is continued, carbonaceous material adheres to the furnace wall and heat transfer failure occurs. There are reports of a decrease in the productivity of pyrolysis treatment and a production stoppage due to the fact that it is performed (described below as the coking phenomenon) (Journal of the Japan Rubber Association Vol. 59, No. 9, p. 89).
[0004]
Further, in the above-mentioned document, as a countermeasure against coking, a method of attaching a scraper in a rotary kiln and periodically scraping off adhering carbon is introduced. A similar technique is also described in JP-A-8-155419.
[0005]
However, as far as the experimental results of the above-mentioned Journal of Japan Rubber Association are concerned, problems such as the fact that the amount of gas generated clearly decreases with the elapsed time of the pyrolysis treatment, the scraper measures are not perfect, and the equipment is complicated. is there.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, the conventional method requires a complicated capital investment as a countermeasure against coking, but has not yet reached a level where coking can be eliminated.
[0007]
Therefore, the present invention provides a method for suppressing the coking phenomenon that occurs in the rotary kiln during thermal decomposition, and also provides a method that enables the thermal decomposition target of the rotary kiln to be a variety of wastes.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The gist of the present invention is as follows.
(1) In the thermal-decomposing the waste processing method by indirect heating of the waste from the outer portion in the rotary kiln, with waste tires, aromatic heavies suppress ASR generation of mixed resin of electronic waste, waste wood A waste pyrolysis method characterized by using at least one kind of waste plastic as a pyrolysis raw material.
(2) The waste pyrolysis method according to (1), wherein the waste tire is used in a weight ratio of less than 90% of the waste to be pyrolyzed.
(3) The waste pyrolysis method according to (2), wherein the waste tire is used in a weight ratio of 20% or more of the waste subject to thermal decomposition.
(4) Discarding according to (1) to (3), characterized in that a gas reforming process is performed in which steam and oxygen are partially oxidized in the next step for tar and gas generated during thermal decomposition. Method for thermal decomposition treatment of objects.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present inventors conducted an 18-hour pyrolysis experiment using waste tires at 600 to 680 ° C. using an externally heated rotary kiln having an inner diameter of 125 mm and a length of 1530 mm.
[0010]
When the thermal decomposition experiment is continued for 18 hours using only the waste tire crushed product of about 5mm, the temperature measurement of the part 5mm from the wall surface in the rotary kiln and the thermal decomposition residue are collected, and the volatile content of industrial analysis is measured. The results are shown in FIG.
[0011]
After about 12 hours, the temperature in the furnace decreased, the volatile content of the residue started to rise, and it was verified that coking occurred in the furnace.
[0012]
With this experimental condition, the pyrolysis raw material was not used as a waste tire alone but under a condition where waste tire and automobile shredder dust were mixed. As shown in Table 1, the weight ratio of waste tire was less than 90%. It has been found that coking can be suppressed by using, preferably less than 75%.
[0013]
[Table 1]
[0014]
This coking suppression effect is considered as follows.
[0015]
The tar content generated during the pyrolysis of waste tires is extremely heavy with aromatic heavy components. On the other hand, it was found by analysis that shredder dust, resin mixed with household appliances, and waste wood have less aromatic heavy in the tar generated during pyrolysis.
[0016]
In general, there is a theory that caulking has a high volatilization temperature and is caused by aromatic heavy components that are difficult to decompose. Therefore, in the method of the present invention, it is considered that the input to the kiln of the aromatic heavy component that is a caulking causative substance could be suppressed.
[0017]
Moreover, it is thought that the change of the force which acts on the deposit | attachment to a wall surface by throwing in the waste in various bulk specific gravity and rolling in a rotary kiln is also considered.
[0018]
Although the above knowledge was carried out with a mixture of shredder dust and waste tires, mixed resin, waste wood, waste plastic, etc. of waste home appliances may be mixed.
[0019]
A process flow showing an example of the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.
[0020]
[0021]
When gas reforming processes are combined, particularly problematic are fluctuations in the amount of gas generated from the kiln and fluctuations in the number of input moles of carbon and hydrogen.
[0022]
If the gas amount changes and the supplied oxygen amount and water vapor amount are constant, the gas composition after gas reforming changes, making it difficult to control power generation using the gas.
[0023]
In the present invention, waste tires having a relatively constant material composition are used as the base waste. Therefore, the mixing ratio at which the gas reforming control becomes difficult due to the change in the gas composition and amount is a waste ratio in weight ratio. The tire was found to be 20% or more. At this ratio, it was confirmed that even if a method of recovering tar as oil was adopted, fluctuations in the molten metal surface of the oil trap, etc. were stabilized and the operation was stabilized.
[0024]
【Example】
Using an externally heated rotary kiln with an inner diameter of 800 mm and a length of 6000 mm, a pyrolysis experiment for 36 hours was performed at 600 to 650 ° C. using a 200 mm-sized waste tire and an automobile shredder dust volume-reduction solidified product with an outer diameter of about 50 mm. went.
[0025]
The waste supply rate is 150 kg / hr.
[0026]
Three levels of weight ratio of scrap tires were 89%, 75%, and 50% (the balance was automobile shredder dust).
[0027]
The volatile content of the pyrolysis residue collected during the experiment was measured, and the inside of the furnace was observed after the experiment.
[0028]
When the weight ratio of the waste tire was 89%, a slight carbonaceous adhesion layer was observed on the furnace wall of the furnace bottom. Further, when the weight ratio of the waste tire was 75% and 50%, the coking phenomenon did not occur.
[0029]
For comparison, when the waste tire alone was pyrolyzed with the experimental apparatus and conditions of the example, a carbonaceous adhesion layer was observed on the furnace wall, and the amount of pyrolysis generated gas was reduced by 37% compared to the start of pyrolysis.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the coking phenomenon generate | occur | produced in a rotary kiln at the time of thermal decomposition can be suppressed, and also the operation fluctuation | variation at the time of thermally decomposing various waste can be stabilized, and an industrially useful method can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows the actual state of the coking phenomenon.
FIG. 2 shows an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Waste 2 Rotary kiln 3
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2001327854A JP3857903B2 (en) | 2001-10-25 | 2001-10-25 | Thermal decomposition method for waste |
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| JP2001327854A JP3857903B2 (en) | 2001-10-25 | 2001-10-25 | Thermal decomposition method for waste |
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| JP2003130319A JP2003130319A (en) | 2003-05-08 |
| JP3857903B2 true JP3857903B2 (en) | 2006-12-13 |
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| CA3209451A1 (en) | 2021-03-10 | 2022-09-15 | Theodore C. Arnst | Stabilizer additives for plastic-derived synthetic feedstock |
| EP4416248A1 (en) | 2021-10-14 | 2024-08-21 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Antifouling agents for plastic-derived synthetic feedstocks |
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