JP3861497B2 - Method for purifying vinyl chloride - Google Patents
Method for purifying vinyl chloride Download PDFInfo
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- JP3861497B2 JP3861497B2 JP06462299A JP6462299A JP3861497B2 JP 3861497 B2 JP3861497 B2 JP 3861497B2 JP 06462299 A JP06462299 A JP 06462299A JP 6462299 A JP6462299 A JP 6462299A JP 3861497 B2 JP3861497 B2 JP 3861497B2
- Authority
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- Prior art keywords
- vinyl chloride
- alkali metal
- metal hydroxide
- acetylene
- ppm
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 44
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 36
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical group ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- -1 hydroxy ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011437 continuous method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/38—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C17/395—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は塩化ビニルの精製方法に関する。詳しくは、工業的に製造された塩化ビニル中に存在する微量の塩化水素及び水を除去する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
工業的に使用されている塩化ビニルは、一般に、1,2−ジクロルエタンの熱分解により製造されている。熱分解で得られた粗塩化ビニルは、塩化水素、未反応の1,2−ジクロルエタン等を分別蒸留により分離し、精製される。しかし、この様に精製された塩化ビニル中にはなお、微量の塩化水素、水が含まれており、容器の腐食や、かかる塩化ビニルから得られた重合体の付着の原因となっている。
そのため、アルカリ金属水酸化物を水溶液として或いは固体状で塩化ビニルと接触させて、塩化水素及び水を除する方法が知られている(特開昭57−209234号)。
【0003】
しかしながら、アルカリ金属水酸化物の水溶液と接触させる方法は、塩化水素は有効に除去できるが、処理後の塩化ビニルを乾燥する必要があり、装置及び操作が煩雑となる欠点がある。又、固体のアルカリ金属水酸化物を用いる方法は、塩化ビニルとアルカリ金属水酸化物が接触することによりアセチレンを発生させるという問題点がある。アセチレンが混入すると塩化ビニルの重合度を低下させ、或いは生成したポリ塩化ビニルの熱安定性を低下させる原因となる。アセチレン生成を避ける方法として、特開昭57−20934号では、アルカリ金属水酸化物の代わりにアルカリ土類金属水酸化物の使用を提案している。しかしてアルカリ土類金属水酸化物では必ずしも効果が十分ではなく、又価格が高いという欠点がある。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、かかる事情に鑑み成されたものであって、固体のアルカリ金属水酸化物を使用して、アセチレンを発生させることなく、微量の塩化水素、水を含有する塩化ビニルを精製する工業的有利な方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は上記目的を達成するため、鋭意検討を重ね、塩化ビニルと固体のアルカリ金属水酸化物を接触させる際の条件を制御することにより、アセチレンの生成を抑制し得ることを知り本発明に到達した。即ち本発明は、塩化ビニルを固体のアルカリ金属水酸化物で処理して、塩化ビニル中の塩化水素、水を除去する際、塩化ビニルと固体アルカリ金属水酸化物を、35℃以下の温度で接触させること、或いは塩化ビニルを、固体アルカリ金属水酸化物の充填層に通液して塩化ビニル中の塩化水素、水を除去する方法に於いて、該充填層へ通液される塩化ビニル中の水の累積量が、固体アルカリ金属水酸化物1g当たり、0.20g以下の時点で、充填層中のアルカリ金属水酸化物を交換することを特徴とする塩化ビニルの精製方法に存する。
【0006】
本発明者等は、塩化ビニルと固体のアルカリ金属水酸化物を接触させる際、アセチレンが生成する条件に付き検討をしたところ、接触温度及び、又はアルカリ金属水酸化物の湿潤状態が大きく、関係していることを見出した。
即ち、通常、工業的に製造される塩化ビニルは、1,2−ジクロルエタンを塩化ビニルと塩化水素に熱分解し、塩化水素を分離後、未反応1,2−ジクロルエタン等の高沸物を蒸留分離し、蒸留塔留出物を熱交換器により冷却して精製された塩化ビニルを液状で回収する。熱交換器は、通常、再冷塔で冷却された再冷水を用いて冷却されることから、40〜50℃程度までしか塩化ビニルを冷却出来ない。従って、従来は、40〜50℃の温度で塩化ビニルと固体のアルカリ金属水酸化物との接触が行われており、アセチレンが発生していた。しかして本発明者等は、接触時の塩化ビニルの温度を35℃以下にするとアセチレンの生成を抑制することが出来ることを見出した。
【0007】
又、固体アルカリ金属水酸化物の湿潤状態もアセチレン発生速度に大きく影響し、湿潤した状態で塩化ビニルと接触した場合、アセチレンを発生させる速度が高いことが判明した。しかして、塩化ビニルをアルカリ金属水酸化物の水溶液に接触させてもアセチレンは発生しない。この理由は次の通りと推定される。
固体のアルカリ金属水酸化物を水に溶解すると、アルカリ金属イオンとヒドロキシイオンに電離するが、水素結合により、ヒドロキシイオンに水が結合する。更に多量の水が、この周囲を取り囲み、塩化ビニルとの反応に寄与するヒドロキシイオンの量を低下させるため、アセチレンは発生しない。一方、固体のアルカリ金属水酸化物は、乾燥状態では結晶構造を保っている。このため、結晶の外側の水酸基(ヒドロキシイオン)は、周囲をアルカリ金属原子に取り囲まれ、一面しか塩化ビニルとの反応に寄与しない。従って、乾燥状態のアルカリ金属水酸化物の場合は、アセチレン生成速度が遅く、実質的にアセチレンの発生がない。
【0008】
一方、湿潤したアルカリ金属水酸化物は、水分により一部のアルカリ金属水酸化物が解離しヒドロキシイオンを生成するが、このイオンは更に水素結合により水と結合することはない。このため、固体或いは水溶液状態のアルカリ金属水酸化物に比べ、反応に寄与するヒドロキシイオンが多量に存在し、アセチレン生成速度が速くなるものと考えられる。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
上述の如く、工業的に製造される塩化ビニルは、1,2−ジクロルエタンを塩化ビニルと塩化水素に熱分解し、塩化水素を分離後、未反応1,2−ジクロルエタン等の高沸物を蒸留分離し、蒸留塔留出物を熱交換器により冷却して精製された塩化ビニルを液状で回収する。かかる塩化ビニルは、通常、温度が40〜50℃程度である。それ故、本発明に従って35℃以下の温度で、塩化ビニルをアルカリ金属水酸化物と接触させるためには、高沸蒸留塔から得られる塩化ビニルを、更に、冷却する必要がある。冷却方法はどの様な方法であっても構わない。例えば、吸収冷凍機もしくはアンモニア冷凍機等で冷却した冷媒を用いて温度40〜50℃程度の塩化ビニルと熱交換して、35℃以下に冷却する。或いは、塩化ビニルの蒸留精製時に、吸収冷凍機もしくはアンモニア冷凍機等で冷却した冷媒を用いて熱交換して、35℃以下に冷却された塩化ビニルを得る等の方法がある。塩化ビニルと固体のアルカリ金属水酸化物との接触温度は、35℃以下、好ましくは25℃以下、更に好ましくは0〜25℃である。
【0010】
本発明方法に使用される固体のアルカリ金属水酸化物としては、水酸化カリウム、水酸化ナトリウム等が挙げられ、好ましくは水酸化ナトリウムである。これらのアルカリ金属水酸化物は、粒状、ペレット状等如何なる形状であってもよく、また、シリカ或いはアルミナ等の多孔性物質に担持して用いても良い。
アルカリ金属水酸化物と塩化ビニルとの接触方法は、回分式、又は流通式による連続法の何れでも良い。
工業的な精製法の具体例は、アルカリ金属水酸化物の充填層に塩化ビニルを流通させて接触する方法である。この方法における塩化ビニルの流量、接触時間等の接触条件は、塩化ビニル中の塩化水素及び水の量に応じて適宜決められるが、通常単位充填物当たりの塩化ビニルの流量は、0.1〜1000 1/Hr.望ましくは1〜50 1/Hr.である。
【0011】
本出願の他の発明は、水分量が管理されたアルカリ金属水酸化物の充填層に塩化ビニルを流通させて接触させる方法である。即ち、上述の如く、アルカリ金属水酸化物の湿潤状態はアセチレンの発生に大きく関係する。
従って本発明方法によれば、固体のアルカリ金属水酸化物の充填層に塩化ビニルを流通接触させて精製する方法に於いて、充填層中の固体アルカリ金属水酸化物1g当たりの水の累積通液量が、0.20g以下、好ましくは0.15g以下、更に好ましくは0.01〜0.1gの範囲で充填層のアルカリ金属水酸化物を交換することが必要である。水の累積通液量は、通液する塩化ビニルに含まれる水分濃度と塩化ビニルの累積通液量の積を、アルカリ金属水酸化物の充填量で割った値である。なお塩化ビニル中の水分測定は、JIS K 0068により実施し、1ppm(重量)の単位まで測定する。
【0012】
この様に、水分量が管理された充填層により塩化ビニルを精製する場合も、接触温度は35℃以下であることが好ましく、更に好ましくは25℃以下、特に好ましくは0〜25℃である。
以上詳述した本発明方法によれば、実質的にアセチレンを発生させることなく、塩化ビニルを精製することができる。
【0013】
【実施例】
以下、実施例及び比較例により本発明を更に具体的に説明するが、本発明はその要旨を超えない限り以下の例に制約されるものではない。
なお、以下の例において、「ppm」及び「%」は「重量ppm」及び「重量%」を意味する。
【0014】
実施例1
水分濃度290ppm、塩化水素濃度0.2ppm、アセチレン濃度0.10ppm以下の塩化ビニル450gに、固体水酸化ナトリウム(東ソー社製、工業用水酸化ナトリウム)を40g加え、オートクレーブにて20℃で3時間撹拌した。3時間後、オートクレーブ気相部及び液層部のアセチレン濃度を測定し、アセチレンの量を求めたところ、0.10ppm以下で、アセチレンの発生は認められなかった。
又水分量及び塩化水素はそれぞれ65ppm、0.1ppm以下であった。
【0015】
比較例1
オートクレーブの温度を50℃にした以外は実施例1と同様にして塩化ビニルを処理した。3時間後のアセチレン量は0.24ppmで、アセチレンの発生が認められた。又水分量及び塩化水素はそれぞれ60ppm、0.1ppm以下であった。
【0016】
比較例2
固体水酸化ナトリウムに水10gを加えた以外は実施例1と同様にして塩化ビニルを処理した。3時間後のアセチレン量は0.79ppmで、多量のアセチレン発生が認められた。又水分量及び塩化水素はそれぞれ170ppm、0.1
ppm以下であった。
【0017】
実施例2
水の累積通液量が0.05[g−H2 O/g−NaOH]の固体水酸化ナトリウムの充填層に、水分濃度4ppm、塩化水素濃度0.2ppm、アセチレン濃度0.10ppm以下の塩化ビニルを、6kg/cm2 G、25℃で流通させ、0.2時間接触させた。塩化ビニルと固体水酸化ナトリウムとの接触比率は、9g/時間/g−NaOHとした。接触後の塩化ビニル液中のアセチレン濃度は、0.10ppm以下でアセチレンの発生は認められなかった。又、水分及び塩化水素の濃度はそれぞれ3ppm、0.1ppm以下であった。
【0018】
比較例3
流通系で、水分濃度2ppm以下、塩化水素濃度0.2ppm、アセチレン濃度0.10ppm以下の塩化ビニルを、6kg/cm2 G、40℃で40%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液と0.3時間接触させた。塩化ビニルと水酸化ナトリウム水溶液との流量比(重量)は17:1とした。処理後の塩化ビニル中のアセチレン濃度は0.10ppm以下で、アセチレンの発生は認められなかったが、水分濃度は200ppmに上昇した。一方塩化水素は0.1ppm以下であった。
【0019】
比較例4
水の累積通液量が0.25[g−H2 O/g−NaOH]の固体水酸化ナトリウムの充填層に、水分濃度200ppm、塩化水素濃度0.2ppm、アセチレン濃度0.10ppm以下の塩化ビニルを、6kg/cm2 G、40℃で流通させ、0.2時間接触させた。塩化ビニルと固体水酸化ナトリウムとの接触比率は、7g/時間/g−NaOHとした。接触後の塩化ビニル液中のアセチレン濃度は、0.15ppmでアセチレンの発生が認められた。又、水分及び塩化水素の濃度はそれぞれ70ppm、0.1ppm以下であった。
【0020】
【発明の効果】
本発明方法によれば、固体のアルカリ金属水酸化物を使用して、塩化ビニル中の微量水分及び塩化水素を除去する際、アセチレンの発生を抑制し、高品質の精製塩化ビニルを得ることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for purifying vinyl chloride. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for removing a small amount of hydrogen chloride and water present in industrially produced vinyl chloride.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Vinyl chloride used in industry is generally produced by thermal decomposition of 1,2-dichloroethane. Crude vinyl chloride obtained by pyrolysis is purified by separating hydrogen chloride, unreacted 1,2-dichloroethane and the like by fractional distillation. However, the vinyl chloride purified in this way still contains a small amount of hydrogen chloride and water, which causes corrosion of the container and adhesion of a polymer obtained from such vinyl chloride.
Therefore, a method of removing hydrogen chloride and water by contacting an alkali metal hydroxide as an aqueous solution or in solid form with vinyl chloride is known (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-209234).
[0003]
However, the method of contacting with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide can effectively remove hydrogen chloride, but has a disadvantage that the treated vinyl chloride needs to be dried and the apparatus and operation become complicated. Further, the method using a solid alkali metal hydroxide has a problem that acetylene is generated by contact between vinyl chloride and the alkali metal hydroxide. When acetylene is mixed, the polymerization degree of vinyl chloride is lowered, or the thermal stability of the produced polyvinyl chloride is lowered. As a method for avoiding the formation of acetylene, JP-A-57-20934 proposes the use of an alkaline earth metal hydroxide instead of an alkali metal hydroxide. Thus, alkaline earth metal hydroxides are not necessarily effective and have a drawback of high cost.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and uses a solid alkali metal hydroxide to purify vinyl chloride containing a small amount of hydrogen chloride and water without generating acetylene. It is an object to provide an advantageous method.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors have made extensive studies and know that the formation of acetylene can be suppressed by controlling the conditions when vinyl chloride and solid alkali metal hydroxide are brought into contact with each other. The invention has been reached. That is, in the present invention, when vinyl chloride is treated with a solid alkali metal hydroxide to remove hydrogen chloride and water in the vinyl chloride, the vinyl chloride and the solid alkali metal hydroxide are treated at a temperature of 35 ° C. or lower. In the method of removing the hydrogen chloride and water in the vinyl chloride by contacting or by passing the vinyl chloride through the packed bed of the solid alkali metal hydroxide, in the vinyl chloride passed through the packed bed When the accumulated amount of water is 0.20 g or less per 1 g of the solid alkali metal hydroxide, the alkali metal hydroxide in the packed bed is exchanged.
[0006]
When the present inventors made contact with vinyl chloride and solid alkali metal hydroxide and examined the conditions for acetylene formation, the contact temperature and / or the wet state of the alkali metal hydroxide were large. I found out.
That is, vinyl chloride, which is usually produced industrially, thermally decomposes 1,2-dichloroethane into vinyl chloride and hydrogen chloride, separates the hydrogen chloride, and then distills high boiling matters such as unreacted 1,2-dichloroethane. Separated, the distillation column distillate is cooled by a heat exchanger, and the purified vinyl chloride is recovered in liquid form. Since the heat exchanger is usually cooled using recooled water cooled in a recooling tower, vinyl chloride can be cooled only to about 40 to 50 ° C. Accordingly, conventionally, contact between vinyl chloride and a solid alkali metal hydroxide has been performed at a temperature of 40 to 50 ° C., and acetylene has been generated. Thus, the present inventors have found that the formation of acetylene can be suppressed when the temperature of the vinyl chloride at the time of contact is 35 ° C. or lower.
[0007]
It was also found that the wet state of the solid alkali metal hydroxide greatly affects the acetylene generation rate, and that when it comes into contact with vinyl chloride in the wet state, the rate of acetylene generation is high. Thus, acetylene is not generated even when vinyl chloride is brought into contact with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide. The reason is estimated as follows.
When a solid alkali metal hydroxide is dissolved in water, it is ionized into an alkali metal ion and a hydroxy ion, but water is bonded to the hydroxy ion by a hydrogen bond. Furthermore, since a large amount of water surrounds this and reduces the amount of hydroxy ions that contribute to the reaction with vinyl chloride, acetylene is not generated. On the other hand, the solid alkali metal hydroxide maintains a crystal structure in a dry state. For this reason, the hydroxyl group (hydroxy ion) outside the crystal is surrounded by alkali metal atoms, and only one surface contributes to the reaction with vinyl chloride. Therefore, in the case of the alkali metal hydroxide in a dry state, the acetylene production rate is slow, and substantially no acetylene is generated.
[0008]
On the other hand, in the wet alkali metal hydroxide, a part of the alkali metal hydroxide is dissociated by moisture to generate hydroxy ions, but these ions are not further bonded to water by hydrogen bonds. For this reason, it is considered that a large amount of hydroxy ions contributing to the reaction are present and the acetylene production rate is increased as compared with alkali metal hydroxide in a solid or aqueous solution state.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As mentioned above, industrially produced vinyl chloride is obtained by thermally decomposing 1,2-dichloroethane into vinyl chloride and hydrogen chloride, separating the hydrogen chloride, and then distilling high boiling substances such as unreacted 1,2-dichloroethane. Separated, the distillation column distillate is cooled by a heat exchanger, and the purified vinyl chloride is recovered in liquid form. Such vinyl chloride usually has a temperature of about 40 to 50 ° C. Therefore, in order to bring vinyl chloride into contact with the alkali metal hydroxide at a temperature of 35 ° C. or lower according to the present invention, it is necessary to further cool the vinyl chloride obtained from the high boiling distillation column. Any cooling method may be used. For example, heat is exchanged with vinyl chloride having a temperature of about 40 to 50 ° C. using a refrigerant cooled by an absorption refrigerator or an ammonia refrigerator, and the temperature is cooled to 35 ° C. or less. Alternatively, there is a method of obtaining vinyl chloride cooled to 35 ° C. or less by heat exchange using a refrigerant cooled by an absorption refrigerator or an ammonia refrigerator during distillation purification of vinyl chloride. The contact temperature between the vinyl chloride and the solid alkali metal hydroxide is 35 ° C. or lower, preferably 25 ° C. or lower, more preferably 0 to 25 ° C.
[0010]
Examples of the solid alkali metal hydroxide used in the method of the present invention include potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide. These alkali metal hydroxides may have any shape such as a granular shape or a pellet shape, and may be used by being supported on a porous material such as silica or alumina.
The contact method between the alkali metal hydroxide and vinyl chloride may be either a batch method or a continuous method using a flow method.
A specific example of an industrial refining method is a method in which vinyl chloride is circulated through a packed bed of an alkali metal hydroxide and brought into contact therewith. The contact conditions such as the flow rate and contact time of vinyl chloride in this method are appropriately determined according to the amounts of hydrogen chloride and water in the vinyl chloride, but the flow rate of vinyl chloride per unit packing is usually 0.1 to 1000 1 / Hr. Desirably 1-50 1 / Hr. It is.
[0011]
Another invention of the present application is a method in which vinyl chloride is circulated and brought into contact with a packed layer of alkali metal hydroxide whose water content is controlled. That is, as described above, the wet state of the alkali metal hydroxide is greatly related to the generation of acetylene.
Therefore, according to the method of the present invention, in the method of purifying by flowing vinyl chloride in contact with a packed bed of solid alkali metal hydroxide, the cumulative amount of water per gram of solid alkali metal hydroxide in the packed bed is obtained. It is necessary to exchange the alkali metal hydroxide in the packed bed when the liquid amount is 0.20 g or less, preferably 0.15 g or less, more preferably 0.01 to 0.1 g. The accumulated water flow rate is a value obtained by dividing the product of the water concentration contained in the passed vinyl chloride and the accumulated flow rate of vinyl chloride by the filling amount of the alkali metal hydroxide. In addition, the water | moisture content measurement in vinyl chloride is implemented by JISK0068, and measures to the unit of 1 ppm (weight).
[0012]
Thus, also when purifying vinyl chloride with a packed bed in which the amount of moisture is controlled, the contact temperature is preferably 35 ° C. or less, more preferably 25 ° C. or less, and particularly preferably 0 to 25 ° C.
According to the method of the present invention described in detail above, vinyl chloride can be purified without substantially generating acetylene.
[0013]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example and a comparative example demonstrate this invention further more concretely, this invention is not restrict | limited to the following examples, unless the summary is exceeded.
In the following examples, “ppm” and “%” mean “ppm by weight” and “% by weight”.
[0014]
Example 1
To 450 g of vinyl chloride having a water concentration of 290 ppm, a hydrogen chloride concentration of 0.2 ppm, and an acetylene concentration of 0.10 ppm or less, 40 g of solid sodium hydroxide (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, industrial sodium hydroxide) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 20 ° C. for 3 hours in an autoclave. did. After 3 hours, the acetylene concentration in the autoclave gas phase part and the liquid layer part was measured to determine the amount of acetylene. The amount of acetylene was found to be 0.10 ppm or less, and no generation of acetylene was observed.
The water content and hydrogen chloride were 65 ppm and 0.1 ppm or less, respectively.
[0015]
Comparative Example 1
Vinyl chloride was treated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature of the autoclave was 50 ° C. The amount of acetylene after 3 hours was 0.24 ppm, and generation of acetylene was observed. The water content and hydrogen chloride were 60 ppm and 0.1 ppm or less, respectively.
[0016]
Comparative Example 2
Vinyl chloride was treated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 10 g of water was added to solid sodium hydroxide. The amount of acetylene after 3 hours was 0.79 ppm, and a large amount of acetylene was observed. The water content and hydrogen chloride are 170 ppm and 0.1 respectively.
It was below ppm.
[0017]
Example 2
In a solid sodium hydroxide packed bed with a cumulative water flow rate of 0.05 [g-H 2 O / g-NaOH], chloride with a water concentration of 4 ppm, a hydrogen chloride concentration of 0.2 ppm, and an acetylene concentration of 0.10 ppm or less. Vinyl was circulated at 6 kg / cm 2 G at 25 ° C. and contacted for 0.2 hours. The contact ratio between vinyl chloride and solid sodium hydroxide was 9 g / hour / g-NaOH. The acetylene concentration in the vinyl chloride solution after contact was 0.10 ppm or less, and no acetylene was observed. The concentrations of water and hydrogen chloride were 3 ppm and 0.1 ppm or less, respectively.
[0018]
Comparative Example 3
In a circulation system, vinyl chloride having a moisture concentration of 2 ppm or less, a hydrogen chloride concentration of 0.2 ppm, and an acetylene concentration of 0.10 ppm or less was contacted with a 40% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at 6 kg / cm 2 G at 40 ° C. for 0.3 hours. . The flow ratio (weight) between vinyl chloride and aqueous sodium hydroxide was 17: 1. The acetylene concentration in the vinyl chloride after the treatment was 0.10 ppm or less, and no generation of acetylene was observed, but the water concentration increased to 200 ppm. On the other hand, hydrogen chloride was 0.1 ppm or less.
[0019]
Comparative Example 4
In a packed bed of solid sodium hydroxide with a cumulative water flow rate of 0.25 [g-H 2 O / g-NaOH], chloride with a water concentration of 200 ppm, a hydrogen chloride concentration of 0.2 ppm, and an acetylene concentration of 0.10 ppm or less Vinyl was circulated at 6 kg / cm 2 G at 40 ° C. and contacted for 0.2 hours. The contact ratio between vinyl chloride and solid sodium hydroxide was 7 g / hour / g-NaOH. The acetylene concentration in the vinyl chloride solution after contact was 0.15 ppm, and the generation of acetylene was observed. The concentrations of water and hydrogen chloride were 70 ppm and 0.1 ppm or less, respectively.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method of the present invention, when removing a trace amount of moisture and hydrogen chloride in vinyl chloride using a solid alkali metal hydroxide, generation of acetylene is suppressed, and high-quality purified vinyl chloride can be obtained. it can.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP06462299A JP3861497B2 (en) | 1999-03-11 | 1999-03-11 | Method for purifying vinyl chloride |
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP06462299A JP3861497B2 (en) | 1999-03-11 | 1999-03-11 | Method for purifying vinyl chloride |
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| JP3861497B2 true JP3861497B2 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
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