JP3864705B2 - Thermal radiation surface treatment material - Google Patents
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- JP3864705B2 JP3864705B2 JP2001024099A JP2001024099A JP3864705B2 JP 3864705 B2 JP3864705 B2 JP 3864705B2 JP 2001024099 A JP2001024099 A JP 2001024099A JP 2001024099 A JP2001024099 A JP 2001024099A JP 3864705 B2 JP3864705 B2 JP 3864705B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、内部で熱を生じる家電製品等の筐体(外側の箱状体を指す)や放熱板等に好適な、熱放射性に優れた表面処理材に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
炭酸ガスによる地球温暖化の防止の観点から、産業用、生活関連用を問わずあらゆる機器類に省エネルギー性が求められている。例えば、エアコンでは、室内機や室外機のラジエーターの大型化や風量の増大等により省エネルギー化が図られている。このような熱交換効率の向上は、省エネルギーに寄与する重要な因子の一つである。
【0003】
冷蔵庫のような家電製品やパソコン等でも、特に近年、冷蔵庫の大型化やパソコンの演算速度の向上により、圧縮機やCPU(中央処理装置)からの発熱量が増大する傾向にあり、省エネルギーを実現するために、内部で生じる熱を速やかに外部に放散させることが求められている。
【0004】
冷蔵庫の場合、圧縮機で生じた熱の放散には放熱器が用いられ、エアコンのようなファンによる強制対流は行われない。放熱器は、従来は外部の空気と直接接し、圧縮機で生じた熱は放熱器から直接外部空気へ放散されていた。しかし、意匠性の観点から、現在では放熱器のほとんどが内部に格納された形式のものとなっており、内部で発生した熱は、圧縮機→放熱器→放熱板の順に伝わって放熱板から対流と放射(輻射)により放散される。したがって、放熱性は従来のものに比べ劣るものとなっており、内部で生じた熱の速やかな放散の必要性は従来にも増して大きい。
【0005】
放熱板からの熱の放散(すなわち、外部空気への伝熱)のうち、対流による伝熱は、冷蔵庫が屋内で使用されること、また、通常は放熱板が取り付けられている裏面が壁に近接して使用されることから、空気の移動(流れ)が小さい自然対流伝熱となり、伝熱量は空気に流れがある場合に比べてかなり小さい。そのため、放熱板からの熱の放散では、放射による伝熱の寄与が大きくなる。したがって、放熱板の熱放射性が優れていると、冷蔵庫全体としての熱交換効率が向上して消費電力が低減する。また、電機部品の寿命の延長にもつながる。
【0006】
また、パソコン(特にデスクトップ型パソコン)の場合、近年の著しい演算速度の上昇によってCPUからの発熱量は大幅に増大しており、その熱の放散が大きな課題となっている。通常、放熱のためにファンが用いられているが、回転数をあげて風量を増大させると、騒音が大きくなるという問題がある。この場合も、パソコンの筐体からの放射による伝熱量を増すことができれば、ファンの回転数を増大させることなく内部で発生した熱を速やかに外部に放散することができる。
【0007】
このように、空気の流れが小さい部位で熱が生じるような製品等では、筐体や放熱板の熱放射性を向上させると、省エネルギーに寄与することができ、また、部品の寿命を延長させることが可能となる。
【0008】
従来、上記の目的で、すなわち家電製品等の筐体や放熱板において要求される150℃程度以下での熱放射性を向上させる方法について検討された例はないが、関連する技術としては、特開平1−259073号公報に、着色可能な遠赤外線塗料組成物および遠赤外線ヒータが開示されている。
【0009】
この技術は、ケイ素アルコキシド、金属アルコキシド、それらの混合物、または部分縮合物等を含むビヒクル(展色剤)中に遠赤外線放射顔料または着色顔料または被覆層補強剤のうち、少なくとも遠赤外線放射顔料を含有する遠赤外線塗料組成物、およびこの遠赤外線塗料組成物を用いて形成した遠赤外線放射層を有する遠赤外線ヒータに関するもので、遠赤外線放射顔料として、黒鉛、酸化物、ほう化物、炭化物、窒化物、フッ化物、ケイ素化合物、リン化合物、イオウ化合物または塩化物のそれぞれ単独または混合物、または複合化合物があげられている。しかし、複数の遠赤外線放射顔料を含有させる場合、それらの配合の最適化については何ら言及されていない。
【0010】
また、特公平7−115914号公報には、動植物や人体などの生物組織中に含まれる水分に吸収されやすい波長範囲の遠赤外線を効率よく放射させる複数の遠赤外線放射顔料からなる遠赤外線放射材料が記載されている。しかし、一部に高価な遠赤外線放射セラミックスや希土類元素の酸化物を含有させることが必要である等、経済的には不利である。
【0011】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明はこのような状況に鑑みなされたもので、経済的で、かつ優れた熱放射性を有し、内部で熱を生じる家電製品等の筐体や放射板等に好適な表面処理材を提供することを目的としている。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、家電製品等の筐体や放射板等の熱放射特性を考慮し、その特性に応じて塗料に含有させる顔料を組み合わせることにより、経済的で、かつ優れた熱放射性を有する表面処理材を得るべく検討を重ねた。特に、塗料に含有させる顔料として汎用性が高い顔料のなかでも熱放射性に優れるカーボンブラックとチタニア(二酸化チタン)に着目し、効率よく優れた熱放射性を得ることができるそれらの最適配合比について検討した。
【0013】
図1はカーボンブラックとチタニアの熱放射性を示す図で、(a)はカーボンブラックを有機樹脂と混合して塗料とした場合の波長と放射強度の関係を示す図、(b)はチタニアを同じく塗料とした場合の波長と放射強度の関係を示す図である。なお、図中には黒体の熱放射性も併せて示した。
【0014】
図1(a)に示すように、カーボンブラックの場合は、波長が6μm以下の範囲ではほぼ黒体に近い熱放射性を示すが、6μm超え、特に12μm以上では黒体に比べ放射性がやや劣っている。また、図1(b)に示すように、チタニアの場合は、波長が6μm以下の範囲では黒体に比べ放射性は低いが、12μm以上ではほぼ黒体に近い熱放射性を示す。このように、両者は波長が6μm以下と12μm以上の範囲でほぼ逆の放射特性を有している。
【0015】
ところで、冷蔵庫の放熱板やパソコンの筐体からの放射熱は、プランクの分布則に従い、波長8〜10μmにピークを有している。したがって、カーボンブラックとチタニアを混合して、お互いの放射特性を補完できれば、これらの顔料をそれぞれ単独で用いる場合に比べてより優れた熱放射性を得ることができると考えられる。
【0016】
このような観点から検討を重ねた結果、基材表面に1層以上の塗膜を備えた熱放射性表面処理材において、外層塗膜が少なくともカーボンブラックとチタニアを含有し、チタニアに対するカーボンブラックの質量比が0.001〜0.030であれば、これらの顔料をそれぞれ単独で用いる場合に比べて高い熱放射性が得られることを見出した。なお、外層塗膜に含有させるカーボンブラックとチタニアの量は、それらの合計量で5質量%以上とするのが望ましい。
【0017】
一方、後述する実施例に示すように、熱放射性が優れていると評価できる表面処理材は、その表面処理材全体としての熱放射率が60%以上であることを確認した。
【0019】
また、塗膜にバインダーとして有機樹脂を用いる場合の外層塗膜の厚さおよび表面粗さについても、その望ましい範囲を見出した。
【0020】
本発明はこれらの知見に基づいてなされたもので、その要旨は、下記の熱放射性表面処理材にある。
【0021】
基材表面に少なくとも1層の塗膜を備えた熱放射性表面処理材であって、外層塗膜が、顔料としてカーボンブラックとチタニアを外層塗膜の乾燥質量に対して合計で5〜70質量%含有し、かつ前記カーボンブラックと前記チタニアの質量比が0.001〜0.030である塗膜であり、表面処理材の熱放射率としての熱放射率が60%以上であることを特徴とする熱放射性表面処理材。
【0022】
ここで、「基材」の材質は、特に限定されるものではないが、後述するように、熱伝導性に優れた材料、例えば金属が好ましい。
【0023】
また、「熱放射率」とは、4.5〜25μmの波長領域において表面の分光反射率(R(λ))から下記 (1)式により算出される放射率αで、プランクの熱放射スペクトル分布において絶対温度293Kとした場合の相対値を考慮した放射率である。なお、この熱放射率を求めるための分光反射率(R(λ))は、分光光度計を用いて測定することができる。
【0024】
【数1】
【0025】
外層塗膜が、少なくとも顔料としてカーボンブラックとチタニアを含有し、かつチタニアの質量に対するカーボンブラックの質量の比が0.001〜0.030(百分率表示で0.1〜3.0%)であれば、表面処理材全体としての熱放射率が向上するので、好ましい。
【0026】
また、外層塗膜が、カーボンブラックとチタニアを外層塗膜の乾燥質量に対して合計で5〜70質量%含有する塗膜であれば、高い熱放射性が得られやすく、好ましい。
【0027】
前記の「外層塗膜」とは、基材表面に形成されている1層以上の塗膜のうち、最外層の塗膜を意味する。すなわち、塗膜が1層の場合はその塗膜である。また、2層以上の複層の場合、最外層の塗膜が外層塗膜である。例えば、基材表面に下塗り塗膜(プライマー)や中塗り塗膜が設けられ、その上に上塗り塗膜が形成されているような場合は、その上塗り塗膜が外層塗膜である。外層塗膜の上にさらにクリヤー皮膜を形成させる場合もあるが、このクリヤー皮膜は、ここでは外層塗膜とはいわない。なお、本発明の熱放射性表面処理材は、通常は金属板を基材とし、その表面に塗装が施されたものであり、したがって、以下、「塗装金属板」ともいう。
【0028】
また、外層塗膜の厚さが5μm以上であると、熱放射性が向上するので好ましい。より好ましくは7μm以上である。
【0029】
外層塗膜の表面粗さは、ろ波中心線うねり(WCA)で0.2〜10.0μmであるのが好ましい。
【0030】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の熱放射性表面処理材について、詳細に説明する。
【0031】
基材:
本発明の表面処理材に使用する基材の材質は、前記のように、特に限定されるものではない。しかし、前記熱放射性表面処理材を内部で熱を生じる家電製品等の筐体や放熱板等として用いる場合、熱放射性とともに熱伝導性も大きければ内部で発生した熱をより速やかに外部に発散させることができるので、基材としては、熱伝導性に優れた材料、例えば金属が好ましい。金属の種類や化学組成は任意である。
【0032】
基材としては、例えば、低炭素鋼、高炭素鋼、高張力鋼板等に使用される低合金鋼等からなる鋼板、あるいは、これらの鋼板を母材としてその表面にめっきを施しためっき鋼板などを用いるのが経済性に優れ、望ましい。しかしながら、これらに限定されず、ステンレス鋼板、アルミニウム板などでも構わない。
【0033】
前記のめっき鋼板において、めっき種は特に限定されるものではないが、めっき作業の経済性を考慮すると、Zn系、Al−Zn系、Al−Mn系、Al−Si系等のめっきが好適である。純Alめっきでもよい。これらのめっき皮膜には、適量のNi、Cr、Fe、Co等の元素が含まれていてもよい。このようなめっき皮膜は、基材の防食性を高め、しかも経済的であるという特徴を有している。なお、めっき皮膜の付着量は任意である。また、めっき方法も特定の方法に限定されず、電気めっき法、溶融めっき法、溶融塩電解めっき法、蒸着めっき法など、公知のめっき法が使用できる。
【0034】
基材は、塗装金属板の耐食性、塗膜密着性などの長期耐久性を向上させるために、内層皮膜以外に、塗布型、反応型等のクロメート処理皮膜やりん酸塩処理皮膜など、公知の塗装前処理皮膜を備えるものであっても構わない。前処理皮膜の付着量は、クロメート処理皮膜であれば金属クロム換算で200mg/m2 以下、より好ましくは100mg/m2 以下とするのがよい。りん酸塩処理皮膜の場合の付着量は、5.0g/m2 以下、より好ましくは3.0g/m2 以下とするのがよい。これを超えると、金属板を加工する際に塗膜の割れや剥離が生じることがあるので好ましくない。密着性改善などの効果を得るには、前処理皮膜の付着量を、クロメート処理の場合は5mg/m2 以上、より好ましくは20mg/m2 以上とするのがよい。りん酸塩処理の場合は0.2g/m2 以上、より好ましくは0.5g/m2 以上とするのがよい。なお、基材がステンレス鋼板やアルミニウム板の場合であっても、塗膜との密着性を高めるために、公知のクロメート処理を施しても、付着量が上記の範囲内であれば好適である。
【0035】
塗膜:
本発明の熱放射性表面処理材は、上記の基材の表面に少なくとも1層の塗膜を備え、外層塗膜が、顔料としてカーボンブラックとチタニアを外層塗膜の乾燥質量に対して合計で5〜70質量%含有し、かつ前記カーボンブラックと前記チタニアの質量比が0.001〜0.030である塗膜であり、表面処理材の熱放射率としての、つまり個々の塗膜ではなく表面処理材全体としての熱放射率が60%以上である熱放射性表面処理材である。表面処理材全体としての熱放射率が60%以上であれば、熱放射性に優れていると評価することができる。
【0036】
上記本発明の熱放射性表面処理材において、外層塗膜が、少なくとも顔料としてカーボンブラックとチタニアを含有し、かつ前記カーボンブラックと前記チタニアの質量比(以下、「カーボンブラック/チタニア」と記す)が0.001〜0.030であれば、表面処理材全体としての熱放射率が向上するので、好ましい。カーボンブラック/チタニアが0.1%に満たない場合は、熱放射特性がチタニア単独で含まれる場合に近いものとなり、波長が6μm以下の領域での熱放射性が十分ではない。一方、カーボンブラック/チタニアが3.0%を超える場合には、熱放射特性がカーボンブラック単独の場合に近いものとなり、波長が12μm以上の領域での熱放射性が劣ることとなる。カーボンブラックの含有量がチタニアの含有量に対して3.0%程度の十分に小さい場合でもこのような熱放射特性を示すのは、カーボンブラックが非常に優れた隠蔽性を有していて、チタニアからの熱放射を隠蔽してしまうことによるものと考えられる。
【0037】
外層塗膜中のカーボンブラックとチタニアの合計含有量が外層塗膜の乾燥質量に対して5〜70質量%であると、高い熱放射性が得られやすい。前記合計含有量が5質量%に満たないと、表面処理材全体としての熱放射性が劣る場合があり、また、70質量%を超えると塗膜の加工性が損なわれやすい。より好ましくは、8〜60質量%である。
【0041】
前記のカーボンブラックとチタニアを含有する熱放射性表面処理材において、外層塗膜には、カーボンブラックとチタニア以外の熱放射性顔料が含まれていてもよい。前記熱放射性顔料は、特に限定されることはないが、安全で、耐水性、耐候性に優れ、長期間にわたって熱放射効果が持続する顔料が望ましい。なかでも、アルミナ(Al2 O3 )、ジルコニア(ZrO2 )、シリカ(SiO2 )、ジルコン(ZrSiO4 )、マグネシア(MgO)、イットリア(Y2 O3 )、コージライト(2MgO・2Al2 O3 ・5SiO2 )、βスポジューメン(Li2 O・Al2 O3 ・4SiO2 )、ムライト(Al2 O3 ・3SiO2 )、チタン酸アルミニウム(Al2 O3 ・TiO2 )、トルマリン〔WX3B3Al3(AlSi2O9)3(O,OH,F)4 〕等に代表される金属の酸化物からなる顔料が好ましい。なお、外層塗膜に前記熱放射性顔料が含まれる場合、カーボンブラックおよびチタニアにこれらの顔料を加えた合計の含有量が5〜70質量%の範囲内にあるのが好ましい。
【0042】
上記の熱放射性顔料および後述する種々の顔料を保持するバインダー、すなわち基材表面に形成されている塗膜に用いるバインダーとしては、黄変、変色、光沢低下、白亜化等を起こしにくく、長年使用しても美観が維持されるとともに、隠蔽効果を長期間維持できる有機樹脂を使用するのが好ましい。
【0043】
このような樹脂としては、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリオレフィン樹脂、フッ素樹脂等があげられる。これらの樹脂のうちのいずれか1種を用いればよいが、2種以上を混合して用いても構わない。これら有機樹脂の含有量は、塗膜の乾燥質量に対して10〜90質量%とするのが好ましい。
【0044】
また、合成微粉シリカ、有機ベントナイト、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ポリビニルアルコール等の増粘剤、メラミン系、ベンゾグアナミン系、イソシアネート系等の架橋剤、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアクリル酸塩等の分散剤などを含有させても構わない。
【0045】
塗膜には、所望の耐食性等の塗装性能を得るのに必要な防錆顔料や、基材表面とバインダーである有機樹脂(例えば、ポリエステル樹脂、フッ素樹脂等)との密着性や塗膜自体の凝集強度を向上させる作用効果を有する、例えば、シリカ、アルミナ、炭酸カルシウム、硫酸バリウム、カオリンクレー、タルク、ネフェリンサイナイト、雲母、気泡含有顔料等の体質顔料を含有させてもよい。
【0046】
さらに、外層塗膜には、熱放射性表面処理材の意匠性を高めるために、着色顔料(有機系、無機系を問わない)が含まれていてもよい。
【0047】
外層塗膜に前記の種々の顔料が含まれる場合、これら全ての顔料(すなわち、カーボンブラックおよびチタニア、その他の熱放射性顔料、防錆顔料、体質顔料、着色顔料)の合計の含有量が5〜70質量%の範囲内にあるのが好ましい。
【0048】
上述した顔料の平均粒径は、塗膜の耐汚染性、耐候性、着色の安定性を高める観点から、50μm以下とするのが好ましい。より好ましくは20μm以下、さらに好ましくは10μm以下である。
【0049】
外層塗膜の表面粗さは、ろ波中心線うねり(以下、単に「WCA」とも記す)で0.2〜10.0μmであるのが好ましい。外層塗膜の表面が適度に粗く、WCAで0.2μm以上であれば、塗膜の表面積が大きく、熱線の放射面積が大きくなるので、熱放射性が向上する。一方、WCAが10.0μmを超えると、表面処理材としての外観の美麗さ(意匠性)が損なわれ、好ましくない。
【0050】
塗膜にバインダーとしての有機樹脂を用いる場合、外層塗膜の厚さが5μm以上であると、熱放射性が向上するので好ましい。より好ましくは7μm以上である。有機樹脂は一般に赤外線領域で吸収を有するので(換言すれば、この領域で熱放射性を有するので)、塗膜の厚さが増せば熱放射性が向上するからである。ただし、塗膜全体の厚さが200μmを超えると、表面処理材を加工する際に塗膜の剥離や割れが生じることがあり、また、複数回の塗装作業が必要となって経済的にも不利になる。より好ましくは、塗膜全体の厚さの上限は50μmである。
【0051】
製造方法:
上記本発明の熱放射性表面処理材の製造方法は特に限定されない。例えば、上述した熱放射性顔料およびその他の顔料、増粘剤、分散剤等と有機樹脂を溶媒に分散させて塗料組成物とし、この塗料組成物を基材表面に塗布し、乾燥させて外層塗膜を形成させることにより製造すればよい。また、例えば、外層塗膜の密着性を高めるとともに、表面処理材としての防錆性や塗装仕上がりなどを向上させる目的で外層塗膜と基材の間に下塗り塗膜(プライマー)や中塗り塗膜を形成させ、その上に上塗り塗膜、すなわち外層塗膜を形成させてもよい。
【0052】
外層塗膜形成用の塗料組成物に、例えばアルミフレークを配合してメタリック塗膜を形成させてもよいし、艶消し剤を配合して外層塗膜を艶消し塗膜としてもよい。
【0053】
前記の塗料組成物の調製に用いる溶媒は通常用いられる溶剤でよく、使用する有機樹脂に合わせて、例えば、水、トルエン、キシレン、シクロヘキサノン、メチルエチルケトン等から適宜選択したものを用いればよい。
【0054】
塗料組成物の塗布は、従来用いられている方法により行えばよく、例えば、スプレーコート、ロールコート、カーテンフローコート、バーコート等の方法が適用できる。塗装後は、基材が金属板の場合には、熱風オーブン、誘導加熱オーブン等、公知の設備および方法で乾燥し、冷却すればよい。
【0055】
【実施例】
(実施例1)
厚さ0.60mmの冷間圧延鋼板を母材として用いたJIS−G3302に規定される溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板を基材として使用し、その表面に、以下に述べる方法で外層塗膜を形成させた表面処理材を作製し、その熱放射性を評価した。
【0056】
外層塗膜に含有させる顔料としては、平均粒子径が0.02μmのカーボンブラック(三菱化成(株)製“MA−100”、符号「CB」と記す)および平均粒子径が0.25μmのチタニア(石原産業(株)製“タイペークCR−90”、符号「CR」)を使用した。これらの顔料を、カーボンブラック/チタニアを種々変化させて、乾燥固形分としてのポリエステル樹脂およびメラミン系架橋剤と、溶剤(適量のシクロヘキサノンを使用)とともにボールミルを用いて分散混合し、4種類の塗料組成物(塗料)を得た。なお、ポリエステル樹脂に対するメラミン系架橋剤の混合割合は、実施例1から5を通じ、ポリエステル樹脂100質量部に対して5〜20質量部とした。
【0057】
これらの塗料それぞれを、上記の基材に乾燥膜厚が10μmになるようにロールコート法により塗布し、240℃で60秒間の焼き付け処理を施して基材表面に外層塗膜を形成させ、カーボンブラック/チタニアの異なる4種類の表面処理材を得た。
【0058】
表1にこれらの表面処理材(記号A、B、CおよびD)の外層塗膜の構成、カーボンブラック/チタニア、膜厚、および外層塗膜の表面粗さ(ろ波中心線うねりWCA)をまとめて示す。なお、表1に示した「ビヒクル」とは、揮発成分を除く乾燥固形分(前記のポリエステル樹脂+メラミン系架橋剤)を意味する。また、「ビヒクル」と「顔料」はいずれも質量部で示した。記号BおよびCの表面処理材が本発明で規定する条件を満たす熱放射性表面処理材である。
【0059】
【表1】
これらの表面処理材からそれぞれ試料を切り出し、それら試料の分光反射率を測定し、前記の (1)式により熱放射率を算出した。得られた熱放射率は、それぞれの表面処理材全体としての熱放射率である。算出結果を表1に併せて示す。
【0060】
この結果から明らかなように、記号BおよびCの表面処理材は熱放射率が60%以上で、良好な熱放射性を示したが、記号AおよびDの表面処理材では、カーボンブラック/チタニア(CB/CR)が前記の好ましい範囲(0.1〜3%)から外れており、熱放射率は60%を下回った。
【0061】
(実施例3)
カーボンブラックとチタニアに加え、着色顔料として平均粒子径が0.2μmの赤色顔料(三菱マテリアル(株)製“レッドライト6300”、符号「RL」)を添加した以外は実施例1の記号Cの表面処理材と同様に作製した表面処理材(記号F)について、実施例1の場合と同様に熱放射率を求めた。その結果を表1に併せて示す。
【0062】
この結果に示されるように、外層塗膜に前記の赤色顔料を添加しても表面処理材は良好な熱放射性を示した。
(実施例4)
外層塗膜の膜厚を変更した以外は実施例1の記号Cの表面処理材と同様に作製した表面処理材(記号G)について、実施例1の場合と同様に熱放射率を求めた。その結果を表1に併せて示す。
【0063】
この結果に示されるように、記号Gの表面処理材は良好な熱放射性を示した。しかし、外層塗膜の膜厚が前記の好ましい膜厚(5〜200μm)より薄いため、実施例1の記号Cの表面処理材に比べ熱放射率はやや低かった。
(実施例5)
塗装後に、表面粗さを調整した圧延ロールを用いて調質圧延を施し、外層塗膜表面の粗さを種々変更した以外は実施例1の場合と同様に作製した表面処理材(記号HおよびI)について、実施例1の記号Cの表面処理材と同様に熱放射率を求めた。その結果を表1に併せて示す。
【0064】
この結果に示されるように、上記いずれの表面処理材も良好な熱放射性を示した。しかし、外層塗膜の、ろ波中心線うねり(WCA)で表した表面粗さが前記の好ましい範囲(0.2〜10.0μm)から外れる記号Hの表面処理材では、実施例1の記号Cの表面処理材と比較して熱放射率がやや低くなった。一方、ろ波中心線うねり(WCA)が大きい記号Iの表面処理材は、実施例1の記号Cの表面処理材よりもさらに良好な熱放射性を示した。
【0065】
本発明の熱放射性表面処理材は、熱放射性に優れており、顔料として汎用性が高いカーボンブラックとチタニアを用いるので経済的にも有利で、内部で熱を生じる家電製品等の筐体や放熱板等に好適である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】カーボンブラックとチタニアの熱放射性を示す図で、(a)はカーボンブラックについての波長と放射強度の関係を示す図、(b)はチタニアについての波長と放射強度の関係を示す図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a surface treatment material excellent in thermal radiation, which is suitable for a housing (such as an outer box-like body) such as a home electric appliance that generates heat inside, a heat radiating plate, or the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
From the viewpoint of preventing global warming due to carbon dioxide, energy saving is required for all types of equipment, whether industrial or life related. For example, in an air conditioner, energy saving is achieved by increasing the size of a radiator of an indoor unit or an outdoor unit or increasing the air volume. Such an improvement in heat exchange efficiency is one of the important factors contributing to energy saving.
[0003]
Even in household appliances such as refrigerators and personal computers, especially in recent years, the amount of heat generated from compressors and CPUs (central processing units) tends to increase due to the increase in refrigerator size and the increase in computing speed of personal computers. In order to do this, it is required to quickly dissipate the heat generated inside.
[0004]
In the case of a refrigerator, a radiator is used to dissipate the heat generated by the compressor, and forced convection by a fan such as an air conditioner is not performed. Conventionally, the radiator is in direct contact with the external air, and the heat generated by the compressor is directly dissipated from the radiator to the external air. However, from the viewpoint of design, most of the heatsinks are currently stored inside, and the heat generated inside is transferred from the heatsink in the order of compressor → heatsink → heatsink. Dissipated by convection and radiation (radiation). Therefore, the heat dissipation is inferior to that of the conventional one, and the necessity of promptly radiating the heat generated inside is greater than before.
[0005]
Of heat dissipation from the heat sink (ie heat transfer to the outside air), heat transfer by convection occurs when the refrigerator is used indoors, and usually the back side where the heat sink is attached is on the wall Since they are used close to each other, natural convection heat transfer with a small air movement (flow) occurs, and the amount of heat transfer is considerably smaller than when there is a flow in the air. Therefore, in the dissipation of heat from the heat sink, the contribution of heat transfer due to radiation increases. Therefore, when the heat radiation of the heat sink is excellent, the heat exchange efficiency as the whole refrigerator is improved and the power consumption is reduced. In addition, the life of the electrical parts is extended.
[0006]
In the case of a personal computer (especially a desktop personal computer), the amount of heat generated from the CPU is greatly increased due to a significant increase in computation speed in recent years. Usually, a fan is used for heat dissipation, but there is a problem that noise increases when the rotational speed is increased to increase the air volume. Also in this case, if the amount of heat transfer by radiation from the housing of the personal computer can be increased, the heat generated inside can be quickly dissipated outside without increasing the rotational speed of the fan.
[0007]
In this way, in products that generate heat at a site where the air flow is small, improving the thermal radiation of the housing and heat sink can contribute to energy saving and extend the life of the parts. Is possible.
[0008]
Conventionally, there has been no study on a method for improving thermal radiation at a temperature of about 150 ° C. or less, which is required for the above-mentioned purpose, that is, a housing or a heat radiating plate of home appliances or the like. No. 1-259073 discloses a far-infrared paint composition and a far-infrared heater that can be colored.
[0009]
In this technique, at least a far-infrared radiation pigment among a far-infrared radiation pigment, a color pigment, or a coating layer reinforcing agent is contained in a vehicle (color-extender) containing silicon alkoxide, metal alkoxide, a mixture thereof, or a partial condensate. It relates to a far-infrared paint composition to be contained, and a far-infrared heater having a far-infrared radiation layer formed using this far-infrared paint composition, and as a far-infrared radiation pigment, graphite, oxide, boride, carbide, nitriding Compounds, fluorides, silicon compounds, phosphorus compounds, sulfur compounds or chlorides, each alone or as a mixture, or composite compounds. However, when a plurality of far-infrared radiation pigments are contained, there is no mention of optimization of their formulation.
[0010]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-115914 discloses a far-infrared radiation material comprising a plurality of far-infrared radiation pigments that efficiently emit far-infrared rays in a wavelength range that is easily absorbed by moisture contained in biological tissues such as animals and plants and human bodies. Is described. However, it is economically disadvantageous because it is necessary to partially include expensive far-infrared radiation ceramics and oxides of rare earth elements.
[0011]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and provides a surface treatment material that is economical and has excellent thermal radiation, and is suitable for a housing, a radiation plate, and the like of home appliances that generate heat internally. The purpose is to do.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors consider the thermal radiation characteristics of housings such as home appliances and radiation plates, and combine the pigments to be included in the paint according to the characteristics, thereby having an economical and excellent thermal radiation property. The investigation was repeated to obtain a surface treatment material. In particular, focusing on carbon black and titania (titanium dioxide), which are excellent in heat radiation, among pigments with high versatility as pigments to be included in paints, studying their optimum blending ratio that can efficiently obtain excellent heat radiation did.
[0013]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the thermal radiation of carbon black and titania. (A) is a diagram showing the relationship between wavelength and radiation intensity when carbon black is mixed with an organic resin to form a paint, and (b) is the same for titania. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the wavelength and radiation intensity at the time of setting it as a coating material. In the figure, the thermal radiation of the black body is also shown.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 1 (a), in the case of carbon black, when the wavelength is in the range of 6 μm or less, the heat radiation is almost similar to that of a black body, but the radiation is slightly inferior to that of a black body in excess of 6 μm, particularly 12 μm or more. Yes. Further, as shown in FIG. 1B, in the case of titania, the radiation is lower than that of the black body in the wavelength range of 6 μm or less, but the thermal radiation is almost similar to that of the black body in the case of 12 μm or more. Thus, both have substantially opposite radiation characteristics in the wavelength range of 6 μm or less and 12 μm or more.
[0015]
By the way, the radiant heat from the heat sink of a refrigerator and the housing | casing of a personal computer has a peak in wavelength 8-10 micrometers according to the Planck distribution rule. Therefore, if carbon black and titania can be mixed to complement each other's radiation characteristics, it is considered that better thermal radiation can be obtained compared to the case where these pigments are used alone.
[0016]
As a result of repeated studies from such a viewpoint, in the heat-radiating surface treatment material provided with one or more coating films on the substrate surface, the outer coating film contains at least carbon black and titania, and the mass of carbon black with respect to titania. It has been found that when the ratio is 0.001 to 0.030, a higher thermal radiation property can be obtained than when these pigments are used alone. The amount of carbon black and titania contained in the outer layer coating is desirably 5% by mass or more in total.
[0017]
On the other hand, as shown in the Example mentioned later, the surface treatment material which can be evaluated that it is excellent in thermal radiation confirmed that the thermal emissivity as the whole surface treatment material was 60% or more.
[0019]
Moreover, the desirable range was found also about the thickness and surface roughness of the outer layer coating film in the case of using an organic resin as a binder for the coating film.
[0020]
This invention was made | formed based on these knowledge, and the summary exists in the following thermal radiation surface treatment material.
[0021]
A heat-radiating surface treatment material provided with at least one layer of coating on the surface of the substrate, wherein the outer layer coating comprises carbon black and titania as pigments in a total amount of 5 to 70% by mass relative to the dry mass of the outer layer coating. And a coating film having a mass ratio of the carbon black and the titania of 0.001 to 0.030, wherein the thermal emissivity of the surface treatment material is 60% or more. Heat radiation surface treatment material.
[0022]
Here, the material of the “base material” is not particularly limited, but as will be described later, a material excellent in thermal conductivity, for example, a metal is preferable.
[0023]
“Thermal emissivity” is the emissivity α calculated from the spectral reflectance (R (λ)) of the surface in the wavelength range of 4.5 to 25 μm by the following equation (1), and the thermal emission spectrum of Planck It is an emissivity considering a relative value when the absolute temperature is 293 K in the distribution. The spectral reflectance (R (λ)) for determining the thermal emissivity can be measured using a spectrophotometer.
[0024]
[Expression 1]
[0025]
The outer layer coating film contains at least carbon black and titania as pigments, and the ratio of the mass of carbon black to the mass of titania is 0.001 to 0.030 (0.1 to 3.0% in terms of percentage). In this case, the thermal emissivity of the entire surface treatment material is improved, which is preferable.
[0026]
Moreover, if an outer layer coating film contains 5-70 mass% of carbon black and titania in total with respect to the dry mass of an outer layer coating film, high thermal radiation property will be easy to be obtained and it is preferable.
[0027]
The “outer layer coating film” means the outermost layer coating film among one or more coating films formed on the substrate surface. That is, when the coating film is one layer, it is the coating film. In the case of two or more layers, the outermost coating film is an outer coating film. For example, when a base coat film (primer) or an intermediate coat film is provided on the surface of the substrate and a top coat film is formed thereon, the top coat film is an outer layer coat film. A clear film may be further formed on the outer layer coating film, but this clear film is not referred to as an outer layer coating film here. The heat-radiating surface treatment material of the present invention is usually a metal plate as a base material, and the surface thereof is coated. Therefore, hereinafter, it is also referred to as “painted metal plate”.
[0028]
Moreover, since the thermal radiation property improves that the thickness of an outer layer coating film is 5 micrometers or more, it is preferable. More preferably, it is 7 μm or more.
[0029]
The surface roughness of the outer layer coating film is preferably 0.2 to 10.0 μm in terms of filtered center line waviness (W CA ).
[0030]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the thermal radiation surface treatment material of the present invention will be described in detail.
[0031]
Base material:
The material of the base material used for the surface treatment material of the present invention is not particularly limited as described above. However, when the heat-radiating surface treatment material is used as a housing or a heat sink for home appliances that generate heat internally, the heat generated inside is more quickly dissipated to the outside if the heat radiation and heat conductivity are large. Therefore, the base material is preferably a material having excellent thermal conductivity, for example, a metal. The type and chemical composition of the metal are arbitrary.
[0032]
As a base material, for example, a steel plate made of low alloy steel used for low carbon steel, high carbon steel, high strength steel plate, etc., or a plated steel plate whose surface is plated using these steel plates as a base material, etc. It is desirable to use because it is economical. However, the present invention is not limited to these, and a stainless steel plate, an aluminum plate, or the like may be used.
[0033]
In the above-mentioned plated steel sheet, the plating type is not particularly limited, but in consideration of the economics of plating work, plating of Zn-based, Al-Zn-based, Al-Mn-based, Al-Si-based, etc. is suitable. is there. Pure Al plating may be used. These plating films may contain an appropriate amount of elements such as Ni, Cr, Fe, and Co. Such a plating film has the characteristics that the corrosion resistance of the substrate is enhanced and is economical. In addition, the adhesion amount of a plating film is arbitrary. Further, the plating method is not limited to a specific method, and a known plating method such as an electroplating method, a hot dipping method, a molten salt electroplating method, and a vapor deposition plating method can be used.
[0034]
In order to improve the long-term durability such as the corrosion resistance and coating film adhesion of the coated metal plate, the base material is known in addition to the inner layer coating, such as coating type, reactive type chromate processing coating and phosphate processing coating. It may be provided with a pretreatment coating film. The adhesion amount of the pretreatment film is 200 mg / m 2 or less, more preferably 100 mg / m 2 or less in terms of metal chromium, in the case of a chromate treatment film. The adhesion amount in the case of a phosphating film is 5.0 g / m 2 or less, more preferably 3.0 g / m 2 or less. Exceeding this is not preferable because the coating film may be cracked or peeled off when the metal plate is processed. In order to obtain effects such as improvement in adhesion, the amount of the pretreatment film deposited is 5 mg / m 2 or more, more preferably 20 mg / m 2 or more in the case of chromate treatment. In the case of phosphating, it is preferably 0.2 g / m 2 or more, more preferably 0.5 g / m 2 or more. Even if the base material is a stainless steel plate or an aluminum plate, even if a known chromate treatment is performed in order to improve the adhesion to the coating film, it is preferable if the adhesion amount is within the above range. .
[0035]
Coating film:
The heat-radiating surface treatment material of the present invention comprises at least one coating film on the surface of the above-mentioned base material, and the outer coating film contains carbon black and titania as pigments in a total of 5 with respect to the dry mass of the outer coating film. It is a coating film containing ~ 70% by mass , and the mass ratio of the carbon black and the titania is 0.001 to 0.030, as the thermal emissivity of the surface treatment material, that is, not the individual coating film The heat-radiating surface treatment material has a heat emissivity of 60% or more as a whole treatment material. If the thermal emissivity of the entire surface treatment material is 60% or more, it can be evaluated that the thermal emissivity is excellent.
[0036]
In the thermal radiation surface treatment material of the present invention, the outer layer coating film contains at least carbon black and titania as pigments, and the mass ratio of carbon black to titania (hereinafter referred to as “carbon black / titania”). if 0.001 to 0.030, since the improved thermal emissivity of the whole surface treatment material, preferably. When carbon black / titania is less than 0.1%, the thermal radiation characteristics are close to those when titania is contained alone, and the thermal radiation in a wavelength region of 6 μm or less is not sufficient. On the other hand, when carbon black / titania exceeds 3.0% , the thermal radiation characteristics are close to those of carbon black alone, and the thermal radiation in the region where the wavelength is 12 μm or more is inferior. Even when the content of carbon black is sufficiently small, such as about 3.0% with respect to the content of titania, such a heat radiation characteristic is exhibited because carbon black has a very good concealing property, This is thought to be due to concealing the heat radiation from titania.
[0037]
The total content of carbon black and titania in the outer layer coating film is 5 to 70% by weight, based on the dry weight of the outer layer coating, is or combed give high heat radiation property. If the total content is less than 5% by mass, the heat radiation property of the surface treatment material as a whole may be inferior, and if it exceeds 70% by mass, the workability of the coating film tends to be impaired. More preferably, it is 8-60 mass%.
[0041]
In the thermal radiation surface treatment material containing carbon black and titania, the outer layer coating film may contain a thermal radiation pigment other than carbon black and titania. The thermal radiation pigment is not particularly limited, but is preferably a pigment that is safe, excellent in water resistance and weather resistance, and maintains the thermal radiation effect over a long period of time. Among them, alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), zirconia (ZrO 2 ), silica (SiO 2 ), zircon (ZrSiO 4 ), magnesia (MgO), yttria (Y 2 O 3 ), cordierite (2MgO · 2Al 2 O 3 · 5SiO 2), β-spodumene (Li 2 O · Al 2 O 3 · 4SiO 2), mullite (Al 2 O 3 · 3SiO 2 ), aluminum titanate (Al 2 O 3 · TiO 2 ), tourmaline [WX 3 A pigment made of an oxide of a metal represented by B 3 Al 3 (AlSi 2 O 9 ) 3 (O, OH, F) 4 ] or the like is preferable. In addition, when the said thermal radiation pigment is contained in an outer layer coating film, it is preferable that the total content which added these pigments to carbon black and titania exists in the range of 5-70 mass%.
[0042]
As a binder for holding the above-mentioned heat-radiating pigment and various pigments described later, that is, a binder used for a coating film formed on the substrate surface, it is difficult to cause yellowing, discoloration, gloss reduction, chalking, etc., and has been used for many years. Even so, it is preferable to use an organic resin that maintains the aesthetics and can maintain the concealing effect for a long period of time.
[0043]
Examples of such a resin include an acrylic resin, a polyester resin, a polyolefin resin, and a fluororesin. Any one of these resins may be used, but two or more kinds may be mixed and used. The content of these organic resins is preferably 10 to 90% by mass with respect to the dry mass of the coating film.
[0044]
In addition, it contains thickeners such as synthetic fine silica, organic bentonite, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, crosslinkers such as melamine, benzoguanamine, and isocyanate, and dispersants such as polyacrylic acid and polyacrylate. It doesn't matter.
[0045]
For the coating film, the anticorrosive pigment necessary for obtaining desired coating properties such as corrosion resistance, the adhesion between the substrate surface and an organic resin (for example, polyester resin, fluororesin, etc.) as a binder, and the coating film itself For example, extender pigments such as silica, alumina, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, kaolin clay, talc, nepheline sinite, mica, and bubble-containing pigments may be included.
[0046]
Furthermore, in order to improve the designability of the heat-radiating surface treatment material, the outer layer coating film may contain a color pigment (regardless of organic or inorganic).
[0047]
When the above-mentioned various pigments are included in the outer layer coating film, the total content of all these pigments (that is, carbon black and titania, other thermal radiation pigments, rust preventive pigments, extender pigments, and colored pigments) is 5 to 5. It is preferable that it exists in the range of 70 mass%.
[0048]
The average particle diameter of the pigment described above is preferably 50 μm or less from the viewpoint of enhancing the stain resistance, weather resistance, and coloring stability of the coating film. More preferably, it is 20 micrometers or less, More preferably, it is 10 micrometers or less.
[0049]
The surface roughness of the outer layer coating film is preferably 0.2 to 10.0 μm in terms of filtered center line waviness (hereinafter also simply referred to as “W CA ”). If the surface of the outer coating film is moderately rough and the WCA is 0.2 μm or more, the surface area of the coating film is large and the radiation area of the heat rays is increased, so that the thermal radiation is improved. On the other hand, when the W CA exceeds 10.0 [mu] m, beautiful of appearance of the surface treatment material (design property) is impaired, which is undesirable.
[0050]
In the case of using an organic resin as a binder for the coating film, it is preferable that the thickness of the outer layer coating film is 5 μm or more because the thermal radiation property is improved. More preferably, it is 7 μm or more. This is because organic resins generally have absorption in the infrared region (in other words, they have thermal radiation in this region), so that the thermal radiation improves as the thickness of the coating increases. However, if the thickness of the entire coating film exceeds 200 μm, peeling or cracking of the coating film may occur when the surface treatment material is processed, and more than one coating operation is required, which is economical. It will be disadvantageous. More preferably, the upper limit of the thickness of the entire coating film is 50 μm.
[0051]
Production method:
The manufacturing method of the thermal radiation surface treatment material of the said invention is not specifically limited. For example, the above-mentioned heat-radiating pigment and other pigments, thickeners, dispersants and organic resins are dispersed in a solvent to form a coating composition, and this coating composition is applied to the surface of the substrate and dried to form an outer layer coating. What is necessary is just to manufacture by forming a film | membrane. In addition, for example, in order to improve the adhesion of the outer layer coating film, and to improve the rust prevention and coating finish as a surface treatment material, an undercoating film (primer) or intermediate coating is applied between the outer layer coating film and the substrate. A film may be formed, and a top coat film, that is, an outer layer film may be formed thereon.
[0052]
For example, aluminum flakes may be blended in the coating composition for forming the outer layer coating film to form a metallic coating film, or a matting agent may be blended to form the outer layer coating film as a matting coating film.
[0053]
The solvent used for the preparation of the coating composition may be a commonly used solvent, and may be selected appropriately from water, toluene, xylene, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, etc. according to the organic resin used.
[0054]
Application | coating of a coating composition should just be performed by the method used conventionally, For example, methods, such as spray coating, roll coating, curtain flow coating, and bar coating, are applicable. After coating, when the substrate is a metal plate, the substrate may be dried and cooled by a known facility and method such as a hot air oven or an induction heating oven.
[0055]
【Example】
Example 1
A hot-dip galvanized steel sheet specified in JIS-G3302 using a cold-rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 0.60 mm as a base material was used as a base material, and an outer layer coating film was formed on the surface by the method described below. A surface treatment material was prepared and its thermal radiation was evaluated.
[0056]
As pigments to be included in the outer layer coating film, carbon black having an average particle size of 0.02 μm (“MA-100” manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Co., Ltd., indicated as “CB”) and titania having an average particle size of 0.25 μm (Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd. “Typek CR-90”, symbol “CR”) was used. These pigments are dispersed and mixed using a ball mill together with a polyester resin and melamine-based crosslinking agent as dry solids and a solvent (using an appropriate amount of cyclohexanone) by changing carbon black / titania in various ways. A composition (paint) was obtained. In addition, the mixing ratio of the melamine-based crosslinking agent with respect to the polyester resin was 5 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyester resin through Examples 1 to 5.
[0057]
Each of these paints was applied to the above-mentioned base material by a roll coating method so that the dry film thickness was 10 μm, and baked at 240 ° C. for 60 seconds to form an outer layer coating film on the surface of the base material. Four types of surface treatment materials with different black / titania were obtained.
[0058]
Table 1 shows the structure of the outer layer coating film of these surface treatment materials (symbols A, B, C and D), carbon black / titania, film thickness, and surface roughness of the outer layer coating film (filtered centerline waviness W CA ). Are shown together. The “vehicle” shown in Table 1 means a dry solid content (the polyester resin + melamine crosslinking agent) excluding volatile components. “Vehicle” and “pigment” are both expressed in parts by mass. The surface treatment materials indicated by symbols B and C are heat-radiating surface treatment materials that satisfy the conditions defined in the present invention.
[0059]
[Table 1]
Samples were cut out from each of these surface treatment materials, the spectral reflectances of these samples were measured, and the thermal emissivity was calculated by the above equation (1). The obtained thermal emissivity is the thermal emissivity of each surface treatment material as a whole. The calculation results are also shown in Table 1.
[0060]
As is apparent from the results, the surface treatment materials of symbols B and C had a heat emissivity of 60% or more and showed good heat emissivity, but the surface treatment materials of symbols A and D had carbon black / titania ( (CB / CR) was out of the preferred range (0.1-3%), and the thermal emissivity was below 60%.
[0061]
(Example 3)
In addition to carbon black and titania, a red pigment having an average particle diameter of 0.2 μm (“Red Light 6300” manufactured by Mitsubishi Materials Corporation, symbol “RL”) was added as a coloring pigment. About the surface treatment material (symbol F) produced similarly to the surface treatment material, the thermal emissivity was calculated | required similarly to the case of Example 1. FIG. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[0062]
As shown in this result, even when the red pigment was added to the outer layer coating film, the surface treatment material showed good thermal radiation.
Example 4
The thermal emissivity was calculated | required similarly to the case of Example 1 about the surface treatment material (symbol G) produced similarly to the surface treatment material of the symbol C of Example 1 except having changed the film thickness of the outer coating film. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[0063]
As shown in this result, the surface treatment material with the symbol G showed good thermal radiation. However, since the film thickness of the outer coating film was thinner than the preferable film thickness (5 to 200 μm), the thermal emissivity was slightly lower than that of the surface treatment material of symbol C in Example 1.
(Example 5)
Surface treatment material (symbol H and H) prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that after the coating, temper rolling was performed using a rolling roll having an adjusted surface roughness, and the surface roughness of the outer coating layer was variously changed. Regarding I), the thermal emissivity was determined in the same manner as the surface treatment material of symbol C in Example 1. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[0064]
As shown in this result, any of the above surface treatment materials showed good thermal radiation. However, in the surface treatment material of symbol H in which the surface roughness of the outer layer coating film expressed by the filtered center line waviness (W CA ) deviates from the preferable range (0.2 to 10.0 μm), Compared with the surface treatment material of symbol C, the thermal emissivity was slightly lower. On the other hand, the surface treatment material of symbol I having a large filtered centerline waviness (W CA ) showed better thermal radiation than the surface treatment material of symbol C of Example 1.
[0065]
Heat radiation surface treatment material of the present invention is excellent in heat radiation property, high versatility carbon black and titania is advantageous in Runode economically used as Pigments, housing such appliances generates heat internally It is suitable for heat sinks and the like.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the thermal radiation of carbon black and titania, where (a) shows the relationship between wavelength and radiation intensity for carbon black, and (b) shows the relationship between wavelength and radiation intensity for titania. It is.
Claims (1)
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