JP3865091B2 - Fe-Cr-Al ferritic stainless steel with excellent high temperature strength, high temperature oxidation resistance and diffusion bonding - Google Patents
Fe-Cr-Al ferritic stainless steel with excellent high temperature strength, high temperature oxidation resistance and diffusion bonding Download PDFInfo
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- JP3865091B2 JP3865091B2 JP09444497A JP9444497A JP3865091B2 JP 3865091 B2 JP3865091 B2 JP 3865091B2 JP 09444497 A JP09444497 A JP 09444497A JP 9444497 A JP9444497 A JP 9444497A JP 3865091 B2 JP3865091 B2 JP 3865091B2
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims description 45
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 45
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229910002060 Fe-Cr-Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 9
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017060 Fe Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002544 Fe-Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000988 reflection electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自動車排ガス浄化担体などの高温環境において使用されるのに適した、高温強度と耐高温酸化性および拡散接合性に優れたFe−Cr−Alフェライト系ステンレス鋼に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
自動車排ガス浄化担体用材料として従来セラミックスが多用されてきた。近年、このセラミックスに比較して排気抵抗が小さく、耐衝撃特性にも優れ、かつ小型軽量化が容易な金属材料による担体が注目されるに至っている。金属担体は、一般的には、厚さ50μm前後の金属箔の平板と波板とを交互に重ねて螺旋に巻き込んで得られる、その断面が蜂の巣状の円筒構造体である。金属担体材料である金属箔には、Fe−Cr−Alフェライト系ステンレス鋼が用いられている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
自動車排ガス浄化金属担体用材料は、担体の構造および過酷な使用環境から、以下に述べるような特性が必要とされる。
過酷な酸化性雰囲気である排ガス中で使用されることから、優れた耐高温酸化特性が必要とされる。また、自動車の運転時には、円筒形状の担体の中央部分は、高温の排ガスにさらされて昇温するが、担体の外周部分は外気によって冷却されるため中央部分ほどには温度が高くならない。したがって、担体材料には、中央部と外周部との温度差による熱応力が加わるとともに、運転・停止の繰り返しに伴う加熱・冷却の熱サイクルによる繰り返し応力も加わるため、優れた高温強度が必要とされる。
【0004】
さらに、金属担体は、平板と波板とを交互に重ねて螺旋に巻き込んだものが一般的であるが、この平板と波板との接合には従来Niろうを用いたろう接が施されてきた。しかし、Niろうは高価であるばかりでなく、担体にろう材のNi分重量が付加されるため、Niろう接は製造コストおよび車体軽量化の観点からは望ましいものではない。ろう接に代わる接合方法として、ろう材を使用せず金属箔そのもの同士を接合する拡散接合が提案されている。拡散接合は、高温下における金属原子の相互拡散現象を利用した接合方法であり、前記の問題点を解消するものである。したがって、今後の金属担体材料としては、拡散接合性にも優れていることが必要とされる。
【0005】
金属担体用材料として、Fe−Cr−Alフェライト系ステンレス鋼に希土類元素を添加するとともに、Mo,W,Nbを添加したものが、特開平4−128345号公報に開示されている。しかし、特開平4−128345号公報に開示されているステンレス鋼は、高価なMoやWを合計で2重量%以上を含有し、コストの観点からは、必ずしも満足のいくものではない。また、Moを多量に含有すると熱延板の靭性が低下し製造性を阻害する。さらに、本発明者らの検討の結果では、Nbの含有はAlの酸化物層の欠陥生成を助長するため、過剰の添加は耐高温酸化性にとっては必ずしも好ましくない。
【0006】
拡散接合においては、金属表面の性状がその接合性に大きな影響を与えることが知られており、特に金属表面に生成する酸化皮膜の影響が大きい。金属担体材料として用いられるFe−Cr−Alフェライト系ステンレス鋼は、酸素との親和力の大きなAlを含有するため、これらの元素が酸素と結合して強固な酸化皮膜を生成して金属元素の拡散を阻害し、十分な接合強度を得るのが困難であった。
【0007】
本発明は、これらの課題を解決するべくなされたものであり、、高温強度と耐高温酸化性および拡散接合性に優れた自動車排ガス浄化担体用Fe−Cr−Alフェライト系ステンレス鋼を提供する。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の課題は、重量%で、C:0.03%以下、Si:1%以下、Mn:1%以下、P:0.04%以下、S:0.003%以下、Cr:15〜25%、N:0.03%以下、Al:3.5〜6.0%、Mo:0.1〜2.0%未満、Nb:0.01〜0.3%、希土類元素(REM):1種または2種以上を0.01〜0.2%を含有し、残部実質的にFeからなり、かつAlおよびMoがそれぞれ前記の範囲内であるとともに、二次元座標(Al%,Mo%)で表される座標点、(3.5,2.0)、(4.5,0.0)、(6.0,0.0)、(5.0,1.5)の4点を結んだ境界領域内もしくは境界線上にあり、さらに成分間において、
280>14.6×Al%+24.2×Mo%+481×Nb%≧100
および Al%+10×Nb%≦7.0
で表わされる2式を満足するステンレス鋼であって、90容量%以上の還元性ガスを含む雰囲気中で焼鈍後、冷間圧延を施して得られる冷延鋼板の圧延方向に直角な方向の表面十点平均粗さRzが、1.0μm以下であることを特徴とする高温強度と耐高温酸化性および拡散接合性に優れたFe−Cr−Alフェライト系ステンレス鋼により達成される。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明者らは、鋭意検討の結果、以下の課題解決の要点を明らかにした。
Fe−Crフェライト系ステンレス鋼を担体用材料に適用するに際して、AlおよびMoを添加することにより、耐高温酸化性は著しく改善されるが、靭性は低下し製造性は悪くなるという問題がある。そこで、耐高温酸化性の指標として異常酸化発生時間を用い、製造性の指標として熱延板の曲げ可能角度を用いて、Fe−Crフェライト系ステンレス鋼のこれらの特性に及ぼすAlとMoの添加量の影響を検討した結果、二次元座標(Al%,Mo%)で表される座標点、(3.5,2.0),(4.5,0.0),(6.0,0.0),(5.0,1.5)の4点を結んだ境界領域内もしくは境界線上にある組成の場合には、耐高温酸化性と製造性とを両立し得ることがわかった。
【0010】
また、高温強度を向上する元素として、Nb,MoおよびAlが知られている。これらの元素は、高温強度の点からはある程度の添加を必要とするが、過剰の添加は鋼の靭性を低下させるので、製造性の点からはその添加は制限される。したがって、これらの元素の添加量は、担体としての所要高温強度と製造性とを加味して決定されるべきである。ところで、担体に要求される高温強度とは、特開平4−128345号公報に開示されているように、担体内の温度差に起因する熱膨張差によって生じるひずみ変形に対する強度であり、これは材料の耐力によって評価される。Nb,MoおよびAlの高温での耐力、すなわち高温強度に対する影響を検討した結果、これらの元素のうちではNbの効果が大きく、その効果は700℃において最大である。700℃において、従来の水準を上回る高温強度を得るためには、次に表される式を満足するべく、Nb,MoおよびAlを添加する必要がある。
280>14.6×Al%+24.2×Mo%+481×Nb%≧100
【0011】
次に、拡散接合は、適度な圧力を付加して密着させた金属同士を高温に保持することによって、金属原子を相互拡散させて接合するものである。ところが、金属表面に酸化皮膜が存在すると原子の相互拡散が円滑に進行しないため、十分な接合強度が得られなくなる。したがって、通常拡散接合する場合には、金属材料表面に酸化皮膜を形成させないように、酸素分圧をさげた雰囲気下で行われる。しかし、前記のごとく金属担体用材料としての要求から含有されるAlとNbは、酸素との親和力が大きく、低酸素分圧雰囲気下においても、拡散接合にとって好ましくない酸化皮膜を形成しやすい。そこで、本発明では、最終仕上げ冷間圧延前に施す焼鈍における雰囲気のガス組成を90容量%以上の還元性ガスを含むものとして、酸化皮膜の生成をできる限り抑制するとともに、耐高温酸化性と高温強度を確保し、かつ良好な拡散接合性をも得ることのできるAlとNbの添加範囲を明らかにするべく検討の結果、次式 Al%+10×Nb%≦7.0 を満足すればその目的の達成されることがわかった。
【0012】
さらに、拡散接合は、接合界面における原子の相互拡散移動によるものであるため、接合界面の実効面積が広いほど、すなわち定性的には接触界面が平滑であるほど強い接合強度が得られる。しかし、金属表面を平滑にするためには、圧延、機械的あるいは化学的研磨などの方法があるが、いずれの方法をとるにしても、より平滑な表面を得ようとすればそれだけ時間と費用を要することとなる。したがって、工業的に実現可能で、かつ十分な接合強度の得られる表面粗さについて検討した結果、冷間圧延によって得られる表面であって、圧延方向に直角な方向の表面十点平均粗さRzが、1.0μm以下であれば良いことがわかった。表面十点平均粗さRzを1.0μm以下とする冷延条件は、特に限定されるものではないが、冷延仕上げロールの表面粗度やロール材質の選定によって達成可能である。例えば、冷延の最終パスに使用するロールの表面粗度を#600番以下とすることや、ロール材質としては圧延時に変形しにくく比較的平滑な鋼帯表面を得ることのできるWC製とすることなどである。
【0013】
以下には、本発明鋼の成分限定理由について説明する。
C:0.03重量%以下
含有量が多いと異常酸化を生じやすくなるとともに、スラブや熱延板の靭性が劣化して製造性が低下するため、上限を0.03重量%とする。
Si:1重量%以下
過剰の含有は靭性を劣化させるため、上限を1重量%とする。
【0014】
Mn:1重量%以下
過剰の含有はMn酸化物を生成し、緻密なAl2 O3 層の形成を阻害し、耐高温酸化性に悪影響を及ぼすため、上限を1重量%とする。
P:0.04重量%以下
過剰の含有は、耐高温酸化性および熱延板の靭性に悪影響を及ぼすため、上限を0.04重量%とする。
S:0.003重量%以下
鋼中の希土類元素(REM)と結合して非金属介在物となり、鋼の表面性状を悪化させる。また、REMと結合することにより、耐高温酸化性に有益なREMの実質的有効量を低下させるため、上限を0.003重量%とする。
【0015】
Cr:15〜25重量%
耐高温酸化性を向上させる元素として必須のものであり、優れた耐高温酸化性を得るためには15重量%以上の含有が必要である。しかし、過剰の含有は、スラブや熱延板の靭性を劣化させるため、上限を25重量%とする。
N:0.03重量%以下
鋼中のAlと結合して異常酸化の起点となるため、含有量は少ない方が望ましく、上限を0.03重量%とする。
【0016】
Al:3.5〜6.0重量%
Crと同様に耐高温酸化性を向上させる元素として必須のものである。優れた耐高温酸化性は、鋼表面に形成される緻密なAl酸化物層によって得られるが、このAl酸化物層を形成するためには3.5重量%以上の含有が必要である。しかし、過剰の含有はスラブや熱延板の靭性を劣化させるため、上限を6.0重量%とする。
Mo:0.1〜2.0重量%未満
耐高温酸化性を向上するとともに、高温強度をも向上させるために有効な元素であり、これらの効果を得るためには0.1重量%以上の含有が必要である。しかし、過剰の含有は、靭性を劣化させて製造性に悪影響を及ぼすため上限を2.0重量%未満に規制する。
【0017】
Nb:0.01〜0.3重量%
高温強度を向上するとともに、鋼中のC,Nと結合して靭性を著しく向上する効果があり、排ガス浄化担体のように加熱・冷却の熱サイクルを受ける部材に用いられる材料に対しては、Nbの含有は有効である。これらのNbの効果を得るためには、0.01重量%以上の含有が必要である。しかし、過剰の含有は靭性を劣化させるとともに、拡散接合性にとっても好ましくないため、上限を0.3重量%とする。
【0018】
希土類元素(REM):0.01〜0.20重量%
耐高温酸化性を向上させる重要な元素である。La,Ce等のREMは、金属箔表面に形成されるAl2 O3 の酸化皮膜を安定させるとともに、金属箔素地と酸化皮膜との密着性を改善することにより、耐高温酸化性を向上するものと考えられる。この効果は、0.01重量%以上を含有することによって得られる。しかし、過剰の含有は、熱間加工性や靭性を劣化させるとともに、異常酸化の起点となる介在物を生成して逆に耐高温酸化性を低下させるため、上限を0.20重量%とする。
【0019】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を説明する。
表1に供試材の化学成分値を示す。供試材は、30kg真空溶解炉にて溶製後、鍛造、切削、熱間圧延を施し、その後焼鈍と冷間圧延とを繰り返し、最終的に厚さ50μmの箔として高温酸化試験と拡散接合性試験とに供した。箔の表面十点平均粗さRzは、圧延方向に直角な方向に触針式表面粗さ計を走査して測定した。
【0020】
ここで、試料番号A1〜A4は、化学成分および限定式の値ともに本発明範囲のものである。一方、試料番号B1〜B9は、化学成分ないし限定式の値のいずれかもしくは両者が本発明範囲を外れるものである。なお、表1に示す各供試材を箔に製造する途中工程、すなわち、熱間圧延ままの厚さ3.5mmの板を採取してC方向の曲げ試験に供し、厚さ1.5mmの熱延焼鈍板からは、幅12.5mm,平行部長さ105mmの引張試験片を採取して温度700℃における耐力測定に供した。
【0021】
高温酸化試験は、厚さ50μmの箔を大気中で1050℃の高温雰囲気下において、異常酸化が発生した時間を測定した。異常酸化の発生した時間が、200時間以上の場合を耐高温酸化性が良好。200時間未満の場合を耐高温酸化性不良と評価した。図1は、高温酸化試験結果を、Al%とMo%にて整理した図である。図1中に示す直線部より上、すなわちAl%およびMo%がある値よりも多く含有される場合に、耐高温酸化性の優れていることがわかる。
【0022】
【表1】
【0023】
曲げ試験では、曲げ角度90度(密着曲げの場合を180度とする)以上にて割れが発生した場合を、製造性が良好とした。曲げ角度90度未満にて割れが発生した場合を、製造性不良とした。図2は、曲げ試験結果をAl%とMo%にて整理した図である。図2中に示す直線部より下、すなわちAl%およびMo%がある値よりも含有量が少ない場合に、曲げ性の優れていることがわかる。
【0024】
図3は、図1の高温酸化性試験の結果と図2の曲げ試験結果とを合わせて示したものである。したがって、図3に示す、Al%とMo%との二次元座標にて示されるところの、(Al%,Mo%)が、(3.5,2.0),(4.5,0.0),(6.0,0.0),(5.0,1.5)の4点を結んで得られる境界内もしくは境界線上にある時、耐高温酸化性と曲げ性とが共に良好となる。
【0025】
拡散接合性試験は、前記のごとく作製した厚さ50μmの金属箔から、10×25mmの試料を採取し、同一試料番号の箔同士を重ね代10×10mmとして2枚を重ね合わせて、荷重0.6kgを付加して密着させ、10-4Torrの真空中において1250℃で1時間の加熱を行い拡散接合させた。拡散接合性の評価は、はくり試験にて行った。拡散接合後の試料の両端を保持して引張荷重を加え、はくり試験を実施した。はくり試験の結果、箔母材から破断したものを接合性良好、接合部からはくりしたものを接合性不良と評価した。
【0026】
高温引張試験および拡散接合性試験の結果を合わせて表2に示す。
本発明では、高温強度の改善目標を従来鋼種の1.3倍以上とし、700℃において100N/mm2 以上の耐力の得られることにおいた。表2中に示すように、Al,Mo,Nbが、式(1) 280>14.6×Al%+24.2×Mo%+481×Nb%≧100 を満足する場合に所望の高温強度が得られる。
【0027】
ところで、図4は、Al,Moの1重量%当たりの耐力に及ぼす影響と、Nbの0.1重量%当たりの耐力に及ぼす影響とを示す。図4に基づき、700℃におけるAl,MoおよびNbの含有量1重量%当たりの耐力に及ぼす効果を求めると、各々14.6、24.2および481N/mm2 となる。したがって、700℃での目標耐力100N/mm2 を満足させるための要件として、前記の式(1)が得られる。
【0028】
なお、高温強度の向上には顕著な効果を有するNbであるが、鋼中のNb含有量と異常酸化発生時間との関係を図5に示すように、Nb含有量の増加に伴い異常酸化発生時間が短くなり、特に0.3重量%を超えると低下が著しく、耐高温酸化性の観点からは、Nb含有量には上限のあることがわかる。
【0029】
拡散接合性の試験結果も表2中に示すが、最終焼鈍時の雰囲気ガス中のH2 濃度が高く、かつRzが小さい場合に接合性が良好との結果が得られている。この拡散接合性に及ぼすAl%とNb%の影響を図6に示すが、酸素との親和力の大きなAlとNbについては、式(2) Al%+10×Nb%≦7.0 の要件を満足する場合に優れた拡散接合性が得られている。
【0030】
【表2】
【0031】
さらに、優れた拡散接合性の得られる条件をより明確にするべく、先の表1中に示した試料A1の中間圧延板を用いて、最終焼鈍の雰囲気ガス組成および最終冷間圧延条件を種々に変動させて、試料番号C1〜C6の厚さ50μmの箔を作製し、これらの試料を先に述べた方法と同様に拡散接合性試験に供した。最終焼鈍雰囲気、表面十点平均粗さRzおよび拡散接合性試験の結果を図7および表3に示す。図7および表3に示すように、焼鈍雰囲気ガスが90容量%以上のH2 を含み、かつ、箔の圧延方向に直角な方向のRzが1.0μm以下の範囲にある場合に優れた拡散接合性が得られる。
【0032】
【表3】
【0033】
【発明の効果】
以上に説明したように、本発明のFe−Cr−Alフェライト系ステンレス鋼は、優れた高温強度と耐高温酸化性を有し、かつ、拡散接合性にも優れている。
また、本発明鋼は、高価なMoの含有量を抑えるとともに、Al,Nbの含有量も抑制することによって、製造性に優れた安価な材料の提供を可能にした。本発明鋼は、高温排ガスによって繰り返し加熱および冷却の熱サイクルにさらされる金属担体材料として適したものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】高温酸化試験における異常酸化が発生した時間に及ぼすAlとMoの影響を示す図。
【図2】曲げ特性に及ぼすAlとMoの影響を示す図。
【図3】耐高温酸化性および曲げ特性の両者を満足する(Al%,Mo%)の範囲を示す図。
【図4】Al,Mo,Nbの高温での耐力に及ぼす影響を示す図。
【図5】高温酸化試験における異常酸化発生時間に及ぼすNbの影響を示す図。
【図6】AlおよびNbが拡散接合性に及ぼす影響を示す図。
【図7】最終焼鈍時の雰囲気中のH2 ガス濃度と箔のRzが拡散接合性に及ぼす影響を示す図。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an Fe—Cr—Al ferritic stainless steel excellent in high-temperature strength, high-temperature oxidation resistance and diffusion bonding properties, which is suitable for use in a high-temperature environment such as an automobile exhaust gas purification carrier.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, ceramics have been frequently used as a material for automobile exhaust gas purification carriers. In recent years, a carrier made of a metal material, which has a lower exhaust resistance than this ceramic, has excellent impact resistance, and is easy to reduce in size and weight, has been attracting attention. The metal carrier is generally a cylindrical structure having a honeycomb-like cross section obtained by winding metal foil flat plates and corrugated plates with a thickness of around 50 μm alternately and winding them in a spiral. Fe-Cr-Al ferritic stainless steel is used for the metal foil which is a metal carrier material.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The material for automobile exhaust gas purification metal carrier is required to have the following characteristics due to the structure of the carrier and the severe use environment.
Since it is used in exhaust gas which is a harsh oxidizing atmosphere, excellent high temperature oxidation resistance is required. Further, when the automobile is operated, the central portion of the cylindrical carrier is heated by being exposed to high-temperature exhaust gas. However, the outer peripheral portion of the carrier is cooled by outside air, and thus the temperature is not as high as that of the central portion. Therefore, since the thermal stress due to the temperature difference between the central part and the outer peripheral part is added to the support material, and the repeated stress due to the heating / cooling thermal cycle that accompanies repeated operation / stop is also applied, excellent high-temperature strength is required. Is done.
[0004]
Furthermore, the metal carrier is generally one in which flat plates and corrugated plates are alternately overlapped and wound into a spiral, and brazing using Ni brazing has been conventionally performed for joining the flat plates and corrugated plates. . However, Ni brazing is not only expensive, but Ni brazing weight of the brazing material is added to the carrier, so Ni brazing is not desirable from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost and weight reduction of the vehicle body. As a joining method instead of brazing, diffusion joining has been proposed in which metal foils themselves are joined without using a brazing material. Diffusion bonding is a bonding method that utilizes the mutual diffusion phenomenon of metal atoms at high temperatures, and solves the above-mentioned problems. Therefore, future metal carrier materials are required to have excellent diffusion bonding properties.
[0005]
JP-A-4-128345 discloses a metal carrier material in which rare earth elements are added to Fe—Cr—Al ferritic stainless steel and Mo, W, and Nb are added. However, the stainless steel disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-128345 contains 2% by weight or more of expensive Mo and W in total, and is not always satisfactory from the viewpoint of cost. Moreover, when Mo is contained in a large amount, the toughness of the hot-rolled sheet is lowered and the productivity is inhibited. Furthermore, as a result of the study by the present inventors, the addition of Nb promotes the generation of defects in the Al oxide layer, so excessive addition is not necessarily preferable for high-temperature oxidation resistance.
[0006]
In diffusion bonding, it is known that the properties of the metal surface have a great influence on the bonding properties, and the influence of the oxide film formed on the metal surface is particularly large. Fe-Cr-Al ferritic stainless steel used as a metal carrier material contains Al, which has a high affinity for oxygen, and these elements combine with oxygen to form a strong oxide film and diffuse metal elements. It was difficult to obtain sufficient bonding strength.
[0007]
The present invention has been made to solve these problems, and provides an Fe—Cr—Al ferritic stainless steel for an automobile exhaust gas purification carrier that is excellent in high-temperature strength, high-temperature oxidation resistance, and diffusion bonding properties.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The object of the present invention is, by weight%, C: 0.03% or less, Si: 1% or less, Mn: 1% or less, P: 0.04% or less, S: 0.003% or less, Cr: 15 to 15% 25%, N: 0.03% or less, Al: 3.5 to 6.0%, Mo: less than 0.1 to 2.0%, Nb: 0.01 to 0.3%, rare earth element (REM) 1 type or 2 types or more containing 0.01 to 0.2%, the balance being substantially made of Fe, and Al and Mo being in the above-mentioned ranges, respectively, and two-dimensional coordinates (Al%, Mo %), (3.5, 2.0), (4.5, 0.0), (6.0, 0.0), (5.0, 1.5) 4 Within the boundary area or on the boundary line connecting the points, and between the components,
280> 14.6 × Al% + 24.2 × Mo% + 481 × Nb% ≧ 100
And Al% + 10 × Nb% ≦ 7.0
The surface in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction of a cold-rolled steel sheet obtained by performing cold rolling after annealing in an atmosphere containing 90% by volume or more of a reducing gas. The ten-point average roughness Rz is 1.0 μm or less, and is achieved by an Fe—Cr—Al ferritic stainless steel excellent in high temperature strength, high temperature oxidation resistance and diffusion bonding.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have clarified the main points for solving the following problems.
When applying Fe-Cr ferritic stainless steel to a carrier material, the addition of Al and Mo can remarkably improve high-temperature oxidation resistance, but there is a problem that toughness is lowered and manufacturability is deteriorated. Therefore, by using the abnormal oxidation occurrence time as an index of high-temperature oxidation resistance and using the bendable angle of the hot-rolled sheet as an index of manufacturability, the addition of Al and Mo on these properties of Fe-Cr ferritic stainless steel As a result of examining the influence of the quantity, coordinate points represented by two-dimensional coordinates (Al%, Mo%), (3.5, 2.0), (4.5, 0.0), (6.0, 0.0), (5.0, 1.5) in the boundary region connecting the four points or on the boundary line, it was found that both high temperature oxidation resistance and manufacturability can be achieved. .
[0010]
Further, Nb, Mo, and Al are known as elements that improve high temperature strength. These elements require a certain amount of addition from the viewpoint of high-temperature strength, but excessive addition reduces the toughness of the steel, so the addition is limited from the viewpoint of manufacturability. Therefore, the addition amount of these elements should be determined in consideration of the required high-temperature strength and manufacturability as a carrier. Incidentally, the high-temperature strength required for the carrier is the strength against strain deformation caused by the difference in thermal expansion caused by the temperature difference in the carrier, as disclosed in JP-A-4-128345. Rated by the proof stress. As a result of examining the effect of Nb, Mo and Al on the high temperature strength, that is, the effect on the high temperature strength, among these elements, the effect of Nb is large, and the effect is maximum at 700 ° C. In order to obtain high temperature strength exceeding the conventional level at 700 ° C., it is necessary to add Nb, Mo and Al to satisfy the following expression.
280> 14.6 × Al% + 24.2 × Mo% + 481 × Nb% ≧ 100
[0011]
Next, in diffusion bonding, metal atoms bonded to each other are held at a high temperature by applying an appropriate pressure to bond the metal atoms together. However, if an oxide film is present on the metal surface, the interdiffusion of atoms does not proceed smoothly, so that sufficient bonding strength cannot be obtained. Therefore, the normal diffusion bonding is performed in an atmosphere in which the partial pressure of oxygen is reduced so that an oxide film is not formed on the surface of the metal material. However, as described above, Al and Nb contained from the demand as a metal carrier material have a large affinity for oxygen, and easily form an oxide film that is undesirable for diffusion bonding even in a low oxygen partial pressure atmosphere. Therefore, in the present invention, the gas composition of the atmosphere in the annealing performed before the final finish cold rolling contains 90% by volume or more of reducing gas, and suppresses the generation of an oxide film as much as possible, and is resistant to high temperature oxidation. As a result of studies to clarify the range of addition of Al and Nb that can ensure high-temperature strength and also have good diffusion bonding properties, if the following formula Al% + 10 × Nb% ≦ 7.0 is satisfied, It was found that the goal was achieved.
[0012]
Furthermore, since diffusion bonding is based on interdiffusion movement of atoms at the bonding interface, the larger the effective area of the bonding interface, that is, the qualitatively, the smoother the contact interface, the stronger bonding strength can be obtained. However, in order to smooth the metal surface, there are methods such as rolling, mechanical or chemical polishing, but whatever method is used, it takes time and money to obtain a smoother surface. Will be required. Therefore, as a result of examining the surface roughness that can be industrially realized and that can provide sufficient bonding strength, the surface is obtained by cold rolling and has a surface ten-point average roughness Rz in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction. However, it was found that the thickness should be 1.0 μm or less. The cold rolling conditions for setting the surface ten-point average roughness Rz to 1.0 μm or less are not particularly limited, but can be achieved by selecting the surface roughness of the cold rolled finish roll and the roll material. For example, the surface roughness of the roll used in the final pass of cold rolling should be # 600 or less, or the roll material can be made of WC that can obtain a relatively smooth steel strip surface that is difficult to deform during rolling. And so on.
[0013]
Hereinafter, the reasons for limiting the components of the steel of the present invention will be described.
C: When the content is 0.03% by weight or less, abnormal oxidation is likely to occur, and the toughness of the slab or hot-rolled sheet is deteriorated to lower the productivity. Therefore, the upper limit is set to 0.03% by weight.
Si: An excessive content of 1% by weight or less deteriorates toughness, so the upper limit is made 1% by weight.
[0014]
Mn: 1% by weight or less excessively produces Mn oxide, inhibits the formation of a dense Al 2 O 3 layer and adversely affects high-temperature oxidation resistance, so the upper limit is made 1% by weight.
P: An excess of 0.04% by weight or less adversely affects high-temperature oxidation resistance and hot rolled sheet toughness, so the upper limit is made 0.04% by weight.
S: 0.003% by weight or less Combined with rare earth elements (REM) in the steel to form non-metallic inclusions, which deteriorates the surface properties of the steel. Moreover, in order to reduce the substantially effective amount of REM beneficial for high temperature oxidation resistance by combining with REM, the upper limit is made 0.003% by weight.
[0015]
Cr: 15-25% by weight
It is an essential element for improving high-temperature oxidation resistance, and in order to obtain excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance, a content of 15% by weight or more is necessary. However, excessive content deteriorates the toughness of the slab or hot-rolled sheet, so the upper limit is 25% by weight.
N: 0.03 wt% or less Since it combines with Al in the steel and becomes the starting point of abnormal oxidation, the lower content is desirable, and the upper limit is 0.03% by weight.
[0016]
Al: 3.5 to 6.0% by weight
Like Cr, it is an essential element that improves high-temperature oxidation resistance. Excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance is obtained by a dense Al oxide layer formed on the steel surface. To form this Al oxide layer, it is necessary to contain 3.5% by weight or more. However, excessive content degrades the toughness of the slab and hot-rolled sheet, so the upper limit is made 6.0% by weight.
Mo: Less than 0.1 to 2.0% by weight It is an effective element for improving high-temperature oxidation resistance and also improving high-temperature strength. To obtain these effects, 0.1% by weight or more Containment is necessary. However, excessive content degrades toughness and adversely affects manufacturability, so the upper limit is regulated to less than 2.0% by weight.
[0017]
Nb: 0.01 to 0.3% by weight
In addition to improving the high-temperature strength, it has the effect of significantly improving toughness by combining with C and N in steel. For materials used for members that undergo heating and cooling thermal cycles, such as exhaust gas purification carriers, The inclusion of Nb is effective. In order to obtain these effects of Nb, it is necessary to contain 0.01% by weight or more. However, excessive content deteriorates toughness and is not preferable for diffusion bonding, so the upper limit is set to 0.3% by weight.
[0018]
Rare earth element (REM): 0.01-0.20% by weight
It is an important element that improves high-temperature oxidation resistance. REMs such as La and Ce improve the high temperature oxidation resistance by stabilizing the Al 2 O 3 oxide film formed on the surface of the metal foil and improving the adhesion between the metal foil substrate and the oxide film. It is considered a thing. This effect is obtained by containing 0.01% by weight or more. However, excessive content deteriorates hot workability and toughness, and also generates inclusions that are the starting point of abnormal oxidation and conversely lowers high-temperature oxidation resistance, so the upper limit is made 0.20% by weight. .
[0019]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by way of examples.
Table 1 shows the chemical component values of the test materials. The test material was melted in a 30 kg vacuum melting furnace, then forged, cut and hot rolled, then repeatedly annealed and cold rolled, and finally a 50 μm thick foil as a high temperature oxidation test and diffusion bonding It used for the sex test. The surface ten-point average roughness Rz of the foil was measured by scanning a stylus type surface roughness meter in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction.
[0020]
Here, sample numbers A1 to A4 are within the scope of the present invention for both the chemical component and the value of the limiting formula. On the other hand, sample numbers B1 to B9 are either chemical components or values of limiting formulas, or both are outside the scope of the present invention. In addition, the process of manufacturing each test material shown in Table 1 into a foil, that is, a hot-rolled 3.5 mm thick plate was sampled and subjected to a bending test in the C direction. From the hot-rolled annealed plate, a tensile test piece having a width of 12.5 mm and a parallel part length of 105 mm was collected and subjected to a proof stress measurement at a temperature of 700 ° C.
[0021]
In the high-temperature oxidation test, the time when abnormal oxidation occurred was measured in a high-temperature atmosphere at 1050 ° C. in a 50 μm-thick foil. Good high-temperature oxidation resistance when abnormal oxidation occurs for 200 hours or longer. The case of less than 200 hours was evaluated as high temperature oxidation resistance failure. FIG. 1 is a diagram in which the results of high-temperature oxidation tests are organized by Al% and Mo%. It can be seen that the high-temperature oxidation resistance is excellent when the content is higher than the linear portion shown in FIG.
[0022]
[Table 1]
[0023]
In the bending test, manufacturability was considered good when a crack occurred at a bending angle of 90 degrees or more (the case of close contact bending was 180 degrees). A case where a crack occurred at a bending angle of less than 90 degrees was regarded as a poor productivity. FIG. 2 is a diagram in which the bending test results are arranged by Al% and Mo%. It can be seen that the bendability is excellent below the straight line portion shown in FIG. 2, that is, when the content is less than a certain value of Al% and Mo%.
[0024]
FIG. 3 shows the result of the high temperature oxidation test of FIG. 1 and the bending test result of FIG. 2 together. Therefore, (Al%, Mo%) represented by the two-dimensional coordinates of Al% and Mo% shown in FIG. 3 is (3.5, 2.0), (4.5, 0. 0), (6.0, 0.0), (5.0, 1.5) are both within the boundary or on the boundary obtained by connecting the four points, both high temperature oxidation resistance and bendability are good It becomes.
[0025]
In the diffusion bonding test, a 10 × 25 mm sample was taken from the metal foil having a thickness of 50 μm produced as described above, and the foils having the same sample number were overlapped with a stacking margin of 10 × 10 mm. Then, 6 kg was added and brought into intimate contact, and diffusion bonding was performed by heating at 1250 ° C. for 1 hour in a vacuum of 10 −4 Torr. Diffusion bonding was evaluated by a peel test. A tensile load was applied while holding both ends of the sample after diffusion bonding, and a peel test was performed. As a result of the peeling test, a piece that was broken from the foil base material was evaluated as having good bondability, and a piece peeled from the joint was evaluated as having poor bondability.
[0026]
The results of the high temperature tensile test and the diffusion bondability test are shown together in Table 2.
In the present invention, the improvement target of the high-temperature strength is set to 1.3 times or more of the conventional steel type, and a proof stress of 100 N / mm 2 or more is obtained at 700 ° C. As shown in Table 2, a desired high-temperature strength is obtained when Al, Mo, and Nb satisfy the formula (1) 280> 14.6 × Al% + 24.2 × Mo% + 481 × Nb% ≧ 100. It is done.
[0027]
FIG. 4 shows the influence of Al and Mo on the yield strength per 1% by weight and the influence of Nb on the yield strength per 0.1% by weight. Based on FIG. 4, when the effect on the yield strength per 1% by weight of Al, Mo and Nb content at 700 ° C. is obtained, they are 14.6, 24.2 and 481 N / mm 2 , respectively. Therefore, the above formula (1) is obtained as a requirement for satisfying the target yield strength of 100 N / mm 2 at 700 ° C.
[0028]
Although Nb has a remarkable effect on improving high-temperature strength, the relationship between Nb content in steel and abnormal oxidation occurrence time is shown in FIG. 5, and abnormal oxidation occurs with increasing Nb content. The time is shortened, and particularly when it exceeds 0.3% by weight, the decrease is remarkable. From the viewpoint of high-temperature oxidation resistance, it can be seen that there is an upper limit to the Nb content.
[0029]
The test results of the diffusion bondability are also shown in Table 2, and a result that the bondability is good when the H 2 concentration in the atmosphere gas at the time of final annealing is high and Rz is small is obtained. FIG. 6 shows the influence of Al% and Nb% on this diffusion bonding property. For Al and Nb having a large affinity with oxygen, the requirement of the formula (2) Al% + 10 × Nb% ≦ 7.0 is satisfied. In this case, excellent diffusion bondability is obtained.
[0030]
[Table 2]
[0031]
Furthermore, in order to clarify the conditions for obtaining excellent diffusion bonding properties, the intermediate rolled sheet of sample A1 shown in Table 1 above was used, and various atmospheric gas compositions and final cold rolling conditions were used for final annealing. The foils of sample numbers C1 to C6 having a thickness of 50 μm were prepared, and these samples were subjected to a diffusion bondability test in the same manner as described above. FIG. 7 and Table 3 show the results of the final annealing atmosphere, the surface ten-point average roughness Rz, and the diffusion bondability test. As shown in FIG. 7 and Table 3, diffusion is excellent when the annealing atmosphere gas contains 90% by volume or more of H 2 and Rz in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction of the foil is in the range of 1.0 μm or less. Bondability is obtained.
[0032]
[Table 3]
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the Fe—Cr—Al ferritic stainless steel of the present invention has excellent high-temperature strength and high-temperature oxidation resistance, and is excellent in diffusion bonding.
In addition, the steel according to the present invention makes it possible to provide an inexpensive material excellent in manufacturability by suppressing the content of expensive Mo and suppressing the contents of Al and Nb. The steel of the present invention is suitable as a metal support material that is repeatedly subjected to a heat cycle of heating and cooling by high-temperature exhaust gas.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the influence of Al and Mo on the time when abnormal oxidation occurs in a high-temperature oxidation test.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the influence of Al and Mo on bending characteristics.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a range of (Al%, Mo%) that satisfies both high-temperature oxidation resistance and bending characteristics.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the influence of Al, Mo, Nb on the yield strength at high temperatures.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the influence of Nb on abnormal oxidation occurrence time in a high-temperature oxidation test.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the influence of Al and Nb on diffusion bonding properties.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the influence of the H 2 gas concentration in the atmosphere at the time of final annealing and the Rz of the foil on the diffusion bondability.
Claims (1)
(以下余白)C: 0.03% or less, Si: 1% or less, Mn: 1% or less, P: 0.04% or less, S: 0.003% or less, Cr: 15-25%, N: 0% by weight 0.03% or less, Al: 3.5 to 6.0%, Mo: less than 0.1 to 2.0%, Nb: 0.01 to 0.3%, rare earth element (REM): 1 type or 2 types It contains 0.01 to 0.2% of the above, consists of the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities , and Al and Mo are each in the above range, and are represented by two-dimensional coordinates (Al%, Mo%). Coordinate points that connect four points (3.5, 2.0), (4.5, 0.0), (6.0, 0.0), (5.0, 1.5) 280> 14.6 × Al% + 24.2 × Mo% + 481 × Nb% ≧ 100, Al% + 10 × Nb% between the components in the region or on the boundary line A stainless steel that satisfies the two formulas represented by 7.0, perpendicular to the rolling direction of the cold-rolled steel sheet obtained by performing cold rolling after annealing in an atmosphere containing 90% by volume or more of reducing gas. Fe-Cr-Al ferritic stainless steel excellent in high-temperature strength, high-temperature oxidation resistance and diffusion bonding, characterized in that the surface ten-point average roughness Rz in any direction is 1.0 μm or less.
(The following margin)
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| JP3958280B2 (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2007-08-15 | 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 | High Al content ferritic stainless steel sheet for weight detection sensor substrate, manufacturing method thereof, and weight detection sensor |
| SE527742C2 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2006-05-30 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Ferritic steel for high temperature applications, ways of making it, product and use of the steel |
| JP6493440B2 (en) * | 2016-09-15 | 2019-04-03 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Ferritic stainless steel sheet for heat exchanger of heat exchanger |
| CN109988975A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-09 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | The regulation method of disperse nanometer precipitated phase is obtained in a kind of FeCrAl alloy |
-
1997
- 1997-03-31 JP JP09444497A patent/JP3865091B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH10273759A (en) | 1998-10-13 |
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