JP3866997B2 - Waste sorting device - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a waste sorting apparatus that mechanically sorts a lightweight object from waste using a wind power sorting apparatus.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A method for treating garbage by methane fermentation is known, but household waste discharged from ordinary households contains wastes that are not suitable for fermentation, such as plastic and vinyl. It needs to be removed.
[0003]
As described above, as a method for selecting the waste suitable for fermentation and the unsuitable waste, a method of crushing the waste and mechanically selecting it according to the particle size is widely used. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a conventional sorting process. Household waste carried in a state packed in a plastic bag or the like is crushed by the crushing apparatus 1 such as a biaxial shearing machine or a rotary crushing machine. Then, it is sent to a particle size sorter 2 such as a trommel type, a roller type, or a vibration type and sorted according to the particle size. Here, the waste having a large particle size without being crushed is removed as an inappropriate fermentation product, and the dust having a small particle size is sent to the magnetic separator 4. In the magnetic separator 4, iron waste is removed and sent to the solubilization tank 5. In the solubilization tank 5, acid fermentation is promoted by heating while adjusting the solid concentration, so that the garbage is liquefied (solubilization). The unsuitable fermentation material that has not been liquefied is withdrawn from the bottom of the solubilization tank 5. The liquid garbage is sent to the methane fermentation tank 9.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In order to reduce the size of the solubilization tank 5 in such a sorting process, it is necessary to increase the sorting accuracy in the particle size sorting apparatus 2. In order to increase the particle size sorting accuracy, it is necessary to improve the purity of the collected garbage while improving the collection rate of the garbage. However, in the particle size sorting by crushing, it is preferable to make the crushing diameter of the garbage sufficiently smaller than the sorting particle size of the sorting device in order to increase the collection rate of the garbage. It becomes easy to be crushed finely, and the purity of the collected garbage falls. Conversely, if the purity is increased, the recovery rate is lowered.
[0005]
There is a method to separate light objects by using wind sorting in addition to particle size sorting, but wind sorters usually use a fan to generate wind power, a dust collector to collect light things, and odor diffusion. Since a deodorizing device or the like is required to prevent this, the device becomes large.
[0006]
Then, this invention makes it a subject to provide the waste sorter | selector which can improve the sorting efficiency of garbage with a compact structure.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, a waste sorting apparatus according to the present invention is a waste sorting apparatus that sorts waste using a wind sorting apparatus. And a separation device for separating a lightweight object from the working fluid discharged from the ejector .
[0008]
The ejector can be realized with a simple configuration including a nozzle and a diffuser, and has no movable part. Therefore, there is no occurrence of clogging, and the reliability as wind power generation means is improved. Further, the apparatus can be made compact. In addition, the separation device can collect the garbage that has moved to the working fluid side, thereby improving the recovery rate.
[0009]
It is preferable to use hot water or steam as the working fluid of this ejector. By using warm water or steam, a lightweight object can be washed and its handleability can be improved. Moreover, generation | occurrence | production of odor can be suppressed. Alternatively, sludge may be used as the working fluid. In this case, as with the case of using warm water or steam, it is possible to improve the handleability by washing lightweight objects, and it is not necessary to add warm water / steam from the outside. it can.
[0011]
It is preferable to further include a circulation device that circulates the working fluid discharged from the ejector back to the ejector. By circulating the working fluid, the usage amount of the working fluid can be reduced.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In order to facilitate the understanding of the description, the same reference numerals are given to the same components in the drawings as much as possible, and duplicate descriptions are omitted.
[0013]
FIG. 1 is a block configuration diagram of a sorting system including a first embodiment of a waste sorting apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of an ejector among them. In this sorting system, as shown in FIG. 1, a crushing device 1, a particle size sorting device 2, a wind sorting device 3, a magnetic sorting device 4, and a solubilization tank 5 are connected in series. Is connected to an ejector 6 as a wind power generation means, and to the ejector 6 is connected a circulation device 7 for circulating hot water as a working fluid.
[0014]
As the crushing apparatus 1, it is preferable to use a vertical rotary crusher. Various particle size sorters such as a roller type and a vibration type can be used as the particle size sorter 2. As the wind power sorting device 3, various wind power sorting devices can be used. The magnetic sorting device 4 sorts iron waste using magnetic force. The solubilization tank 5 liquefies the garbage physically, chemically or biologically.
[0015]
As shown in FIG. 2, the ejector 6 includes a diffuser 60, a nozzle 61, and a suction portion 62, and the nozzle 61 and the suction portion 62 are disposed on the inlet side of the diffuser 60. In the diffuser 60, the throat portion 60b having the smallest flow path cross-sectional area is disposed at the approximate center in the flow direction. The upstream suction portion 60a gradually narrows the flow passage cross-sectional area, and the downstream compression portion 60c The channel cross-sectional area is gradually enlarged.
[0016]
The circulation device 7 includes a water tank 70 that stores hot water and a pump 71 that supplies the hot water to the nozzle 61 of the ejector 6. The water tank 70 is connected to a dewatering device 8 including a dewatering device, a dehydrator, a pulper, or a combination thereof.
[0017]
Next, the sorting process according to the present embodiment will be specifically described. Household waste collected in a plastic bag or the like is sent to the crushing device 1 as it is, and is crushed and broken. Here, when a vertical rotary crusher is used, film-like garbage such as plastic bags and wraps is not finely crushed, and raw garbage and the like are finely crushed.
[0018]
The crushed garbage is sent to the particle size sorting device 2, where it is separated into two according to the particle size. As described above, since the plastic bag, the wrap, and the like are not crushed finely by the crushing apparatus 1, they are removed from the garbage as garbage having a large particle size.
[0019]
On the other hand, garbage with small particle size including raw garbage is sent to the wind power sorter 3. Here, the light weight discharge port of the wind power sorting device 3 is connected to the suction part 62 of the ejector 6. The ejector 6 injects hot water supplied by the pump 71 from the nozzle 61 into the diffuser 60 at a high speed, thereby generating a negative pressure in the diffuser 60, and thereby sucking air from the suction part 62. Actually, the air in the wind power sorter 3 is guided from the suction part 62 into the diffuser 60 with a light weight. On the other hand, the heavy object is pulled out from the bottom of the wind power sorter 3. As a result, lightweight items such as plastic bags, plastics, and wraps that could not be sorted by the particle size sorter can be separated from the garbage by the air flow and removed, so that sorting efficiency is improved.
[0020]
The air accompanied by the lightweight material sucked into the diffuser 60 is mixed with the hot water injected from the nozzle 61 and discharged, and is guided to the water tank 70. At this time, since the lightweight object collected with warm water is washed, the garbage etc. adhering to the lightweight object is separated.
[0021]
In the aquarium 70, the collected lightweight materials are accumulated near the water surface by buoyancy, while the mixed heavy materials (shells, gravel, etc.) that are inappropriate for fermentation are accumulated at the bottom and collected. Garbage that adheres to or is mixed with light or heavy items is liquefied in the water tank 70. By circulating the hot water stored in the water tank 70 to the nozzle 61 by the pump 71, the hot water can be circulated and used. The temperature of the hot water is preferably set to 55 to 60 ° C. when the fermentation temperature in the methane fermentation tank is high, and to 38 to 40 ° C. when the temperature is medium.
[0022]
On the other hand, from the vicinity of the water surface, a part of the warm water including the light weight floating and the liquefied garbage is extracted and sent to the dehydrator 8. The dehydrator 8 dehydrates and removes the lightweight material, and the separated liquid is sent to the solubilization tank 5. When this separation liquid is hot water, the heating heat source of the solubilization tank 5 can be reduced.
[0023]
Garbage or the like from which light-weight materials have been removed by the wind power sorter 3 is sent to the solubilization tank 5 after the iron dust has been removed by the magnetic sorter 4 and a predetermined liquid together with the separation liquid sent from the dehydrator 8. By storing for a predetermined residence time at a temperature, acid fermentation is promoted, solubilization treatment for liquefaction of garbage is performed, and the methane fermentation tank 9 is led.
[0024]
According to the present invention, by performing wind sorting, the accuracy of sorting is improved, and the air with the light-weight sorted light is washed with warm water, so that deodorizing equipment is not required or can be downsized. Become. And since a lightweight thing is wash | cleaned, the handleability improves. In addition, since the garbage attached to the lightweight material is recovered by washing, the recovery rate is improved, and it leads to a solubilization tank and a methane fermentation tank, which increases the amount of digestion gas generated. .
[0025]
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a sorting system including the second embodiment of the waste sorting apparatus according to the present invention. This sorting system is a system in which the water tank 70 in the sorting system shown in FIG. 1 is omitted. As the dehydrator 8, it is preferable to use a pulper as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3041136. By omitting the water tank 70, this system can reduce the amount of hot water to be circulated compared to the system of FIG.
[0026]
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a sorting system including a third embodiment of the waste sorting apparatus according to the present invention. This sorting system is a system in which the circulation device 7 is omitted from the sorting system shown in FIG. In this system, it is preferable to reduce the amount of the dehydrated separation liquid guided to the solubilization tank 5 through the ejector 6 and the dehydrating device 8 by using steam instead of hot water.
[0027]
In the above description, warm water or steam is used as the working fluid of the ejector 6, but air can also be used as the working fluid. In this case, a dust collector may be used instead of the dehydrator 8 in the system of FIG. Also in this case, since the amount of air required as the working fluid can be reduced, the deodorizing apparatus can be downsized. Furthermore, sludge generated by methane fermentation may be used as the working fluid. In this case, it is possible to obtain the effect of improving the handleability by washing the lightweight object and to reduce the load of the waste water treatment.
[0028]
In the above description, the configuration including the magnetic separator 4 and the solubilization tank 5 has been described. However, depending on the type of garbage to be sorted, either or both of them can be omitted.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the garbage sorting efficiency can be improved with a compact configuration by sucking the lightweight object together with the air in the wind sorting apparatus with the ejector. In addition, the garbage transferred to the working fluid side can be collected by the separation device, and the collection rate can be improved.
[0030]
When warm water or steam is used as the working fluid, an effect of washing the collected light weight can be obtained, so that it is possible to further improve the efficiency of collecting garbage and improve the handleability of the light weight.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a sorting system including a waste sorting apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an ejector used in the apparatus of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a sorting system including a second embodiment of the waste sorting apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a sorting system including a third embodiment of the waste sorting apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a conventional sorting system.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Crushing device, 2 ... Particle size sorting device, 3 ... Wind power sorting device, 4 ... Magnetic force sorting device, 5 ... Solubilization tank, 6 ... Ejector, 7 ... Circulation device, 8 ... Dehydration device, 9 ... Methane fermentation tank.

Claims (4)

In a waste sorting device that sorts waste using a wind sorting device,
An ejector that is connected to the wind power sorting device and sucks a lightweight object together with air from the sorting device ;
A waste sorting apparatus comprising: a separation device that separates a lightweight material from a working fluid discharged from the ejector .   The waste sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein warm water or steam is used as a working fluid of the ejector.   The waste sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein sludge is used as a working fluid of the ejector.   The waste sorting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a circulation device that circulates the working fluid discharged from the ejector back to the ejector.

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