JP3869072B2 - Molding method of green compact - Google Patents
Molding method of green compact Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3869072B2 JP3869072B2 JP14312597A JP14312597A JP3869072B2 JP 3869072 B2 JP3869072 B2 JP 3869072B2 JP 14312597 A JP14312597 A JP 14312597A JP 14312597 A JP14312597 A JP 14312597A JP 3869072 B2 JP3869072 B2 JP 3869072B2
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- mold
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- green compact
- rubber sheet
- molding
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 61
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title claims description 45
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002984 plastic foam Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010097 foam moulding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920006248 expandable polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920006328 Styrofoam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006311 Urethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003276 anti-hypertensive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010137 moulding (plastic) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008261 styrofoam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
- Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【産業の属する技術分野】
本発明は、各種金属並びにセラミックス粉末などの成形方法に関する。さらに詳しくは、本発明は、各種金属並びにセラミックス粉末等の成形において、複雑形状または薄板などの形状を持つ異形のものの成形方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
セラミックスや金属材料を利用して、部品または部材を作る際の方法の一つとして、粉粒体を出発原料として成形する方法がある。これは、金属材料やセラミックス材料をある形状に成型し、焼成、加工の工程を経て、部品を作製する方法である。
従来の金属材料では、溶解−鋳造(インゴット)−熱間加工−冷間加工を施し、板や棒などの半製品として出荷した後、機械加工等で部品に仕上げ組み立てていた。しかし、新材料の出現と共に、金属材料においても、高融点材料や易反応性材料などが多くなってきており、溶解プロセスを行うことが困難な材料が数多く見られる。このような材料は、粉体を出発原料とすることが多く、セラミックスの成形プロセスに近くなっている。しかし、金属の特徴は依然として失われておらず、焼結した後、塑性加工によって賦形するというセラミックスのプロセスとは逆の順序で製品化されている。
【0003】
粉体を出発原料として成形を行う方法は、セラミックスなどでは、従来から行われており、その成形方法には、多種多様な方法が存在している。例えば、粉体を水などの溶媒と混合し、多孔質型に流し込み、何らかの方法で固化させ成形体を作る鋳込み成形や、粉体と水もしくは他の溶媒とを混練し可塑性のある坏土を特定の口金から押し出すことによって一定の断面形状を有する成形体を得られる塑性成形、同様の方法において有機バインダーを溶媒として複雑形状の型に可塑化し、成形する射出成形法、粉粒体型に入れて、一軸加圧、静水加圧、振動加圧、衝撃加圧等々の色々な加工を行う加圧成形法などがある。
【0004】
上述した、金型を用いた各種成形法では、粉体と金型面あるいは粉体相互の摩擦に起因するブリッジ現象によって圧粉体に成形密度の不均一を生じやすく、特に加圧成形を利用して、高密度または高均質の焼結体を得るためには、初期の充填密度を高くしなければならない。初期の充填密度を高めるためには、通常冷間等方圧加圧プレス(CIP)を利用することがある。この方法は、単軸プレスまたは複雑形状に加工した圧粉体を、ゴム状の袋でくるみ液体を満たした圧力容器内に挿入し、等方液圧を加えることによって、初期の充填密度を高めるものである。例えば、セラミックスなど、塑性変形しにくい材料などはこの方法を用いて初期密度を高めて、焼成を行う。金型プレス成型は、薄肉品あるいは小型部品の成形に適しているのに対し、CIP成形は大型肉厚部品や長尺部品の成形に適した方法である。また、CIP法を利用した成形方法の中には、金型の所望の形状を満足させる成形方法としてNear−Net−Shape CPI法などがある。
【0005】
CIP成形法には、粉末を充填したゴム型を直接浸漬して、加圧する湿式法とダイヤフラムを介して成形ゴム型に圧力を加える乾式法がある。湿式法では完全な等方圧加圧が行われるが、乾式法においては上下面からは加圧されないので、疑似等方圧加圧となる。湿式法が少量多品種生産あるいは試作研究に適しているのに対し、乾式法は自動化が容易で、大量生産向きのプロセスである。また、加圧媒体には前者で水またはエマルジョン、後者では油が主に使用されている。CIP成形に使用する原料粉末は、ゴム型への充填性を考慮して100μm程度の顆粒にするのが普通である。
【0006】
ゴム型の材料には、天然ゴム、クロロプレンゴム、シリコンゴム、ウレタンゴムのほか、塩化ビニルなども用いられている。ゴム型に求められる条件は、粉末充填の際に形状を保持することができて、可能な限り、薄いことである。ゴム型が厚いと、ゴム自体の剛性のために粉末への等方圧がかかりにくくなったり、成形後の減圧時にゴムの復元によって圧粉体を破壊したりすることが多くなる。また、例えばゴム型を利用して薄肉円盤を製作しようとする場合には、成形後の形状を保つためにはゴムの肉厚を厚くする必要があるため、実際に薄肉円盤用のゴム型を適用してCIP成形を行っても、成形体の筒部分が変形しにくいために、上板、下板からより大きな力が加わってくるので、寸法精度または均質性に欠ける圧粉体となってしまう。したがって、成形後の形状や大きさなどに応じたゴム材質・ゴム硬度の選択が必要になってくる。CIP法では事前に他の成形方法によって予備成形した圧粉体を、高密度・高均質化の目的で再加圧する場合もある。このときはゴム型に形状の保持を担わせる必要が無いので薄いゴムの袋などが用いられる。
【0007】
ゴム型に充填された粉粒体は、昇圧・保持・降圧の過程を経て圧粉体となる。このスケジュールで最も注意が必要なのは降圧過程である。10MPa以下の低圧域では、ゴム型の復元力とそれに続く圧粉体との分離、さらには圧粉体内に閉じ込められていた空気の膨張などによる力などが原因となって圧粉体が破壊することもあり、ゴム内に圧力媒体であるエマルジョン等の液体が流入して成形体が崩れることもある。この様にCIP条件やゴム型の種類の選定を十分に吟味して行う必要がある。
【0008】
このように、粉体を成形する方法は、多種多様で存在する。しかしながら、すべての成形法において、成形を行う際に、金型の存在がある。大量少品種生産を行う製品の成形に関しては、金型を製作することは、それほどの不利益をもたらさないが、少量多品種の生産を行うためには、金型の製作は、製作コストに大きなウェイトを占めることになる。特に複雑形状の製品に関しては、その金型の作製に多大な労力を必要とするため、成型品・製品のコストを下げるためには、金型の設計・製作のコスト低減が望まれる。現状では、金型設計・製作はNCなどを用いて、異形状、複雑形状の金型まで容易に製作でき、コスト面においても、ぎりぎりの状況にある。
更なる製品コストの低減を考えるならば、現状の金型を利用する成形プロセスに変わる新しい成形プロセスの開発が望まれる。これが少量多品種の生産体系を維持する有効な方法であると考える。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、粉体を出発原料として成形する金属、セラミックス材料の新しい成形方法の提供を目的とする。更に詳しくは、本発明は、少量多品種の生産体系における金型コストを低減することと金型では製作できない複雑形状の成形体を無金型にて行える、新しい成形方法の提供を目的とする。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上記課題を解決するためになされたもので、粉粒体を出発原料とし圧粉体に成形する方法において、発泡フォーム成形型を用いることを特徴とする圧粉体の成形方法を要旨とする。
一般に成形において金型を使用する目的は、所望する形状に圧粉体を成形するためである。金型には主に金属材料が用いられるが、粉粒体を圧縮する際に、その形状が維持できさえすれば成形は可能であり、金属などの高強度材を使用する必要は無いものと考えられる。本発明では、上記問題を鑑みて、形状を保持する目的のために、高価な金型を適用するのではなく、簡単に異形状または薄板などが作れる発泡フォームを適用して圧粉体の成形を行うものである。
【0011】
また本発明は、粉粒体を出発原料とし圧粉体に成形する方法において、発泡フォーム成形型を用いて冷間等方圧加圧法により行うことを特徴とする圧粉体の成形方法を要旨とする。さらにまた本発明は、粉粒体を出発原料とし圧粉体に成形する方法において、発泡フォーム成形型を用いその型の収縮を利用することを特徴とする圧粉体の成形方法を要旨とする。
プラスチックフォームに静水圧を加えると、フォーム自体は静水圧によって圧縮され、フォームの気泡膜が破れ、フォーム内の空気または各種気体が、フォームの外側に放出される。フォームはもとの大きさより、排出された気体分だけ収縮することになる。この現象を利用して、本発明では、金型の代わりにプラスチックフォームを利用して、好ましくは冷間等方圧加圧法により粉粒体の成形を行う。プラスチックフォームを所望の形状に加工し、そのフォームの中に粉粒体を充填し、フォームごと静水圧中に挿入することによって、フォームは収縮し、粉粒体に静水圧を加えることができる。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明の構成を具体的に説明する。
本発明の対象とする粉粒体は、金型を用いて圧粉体に成形することのできる粉粒体であれば何でもよい。セラミックス材料、金属などの粉粒体が例示される。また、本発明の対象とする圧粉体の成形手段は、粉粒体を出発原料とし圧粉体に成形する従来からよく知られているいかなる手段でもよく、冷間等方圧加圧法が好ましい手段として例示される。
【0013】
本発明の成形方法において用いる発泡フォーム成形型は、発泡ポリスチレン、アクリル樹脂フォームなどのスチレン樹脂系のおよびまたはアクリル樹脂系のプラスチックフォームまたは発泡合成樹脂フォーム成形型である。発泡ポリスチレン、アクリル樹脂フォームなどの各種発泡プラスチックフォーム系材料は、簡単に、安価に入手でき、また局部的に熱を加えることによって容易に形状を整えられ、また加工も容易に行え、量産も可能であるなどの利点を有している。
【0014】
本発明の圧粉体の成形方法は、発泡フォーム成形型の成形時における収縮を利用する方法である。プラスチックフォームを所望の形状に加工し、そのフォームの中に粉粒体を充填し、フォームごと静水圧中に挿入することによって、フォームは収縮し、粉粒体に静水圧を加えることができる。通常のゴム型などでは昇圧後、降圧する際に弾性戻り現象があり、内部の圧粉体が破壊することもしばしば見られるが、プラスチックフォームの場合は、種類または加えた静水圧力にもよるが、フォーム中に含まれる各種の気体が外部に放出されたならば、圧縮後の弾性戻り現象を低く抑えることができ、成形した圧粉体が破壊することなく得ることができる。
【0015】
本発明の発泡フォーム成形型は、型外部から内部への圧力媒体が侵入しないような発泡フォーム成形型であることが望ましい。
プラスチックフォームの特徴は、上記した易加工性、収縮現象だけではなく、フォーム内部は、ポリマーの連鎖結合による極微細気孔形態と液体との難吸収性とも相まって、圧力媒体が内部に浸透しにくい状態になっており、発泡フォームに充填された粉粒体を直接、液中に挿入しても粉粒体が濡れる心配もなく、通常の静水圧加圧の成形プロセスを短縮することができる。しかし、この際には、フォームとフォームの接触部分のシールが必要であり、使用する圧縮媒体に侵食されない、または反応しないシリコーンなどの接着剤によって隙間をふさぐ必要がある。フォームとフォームの接触部分のシールができない場合は、通常のCIP法で使用されているゴムシート製の袋を利用し、粉粒体が充填された発泡フォームをゴムシートに包んでゴムシートの入り口部分を塞ぎ、またこのときゴムシート内は減圧しておくことが望ましい。これを、圧力媒体内に挿入し、CIP成形を行うことによって、粉粒体が圧力媒体から侵食されず、圧粉体を成形することができる。
【0016】
発泡フォーム成形型は、好ましくは容易に離型できる性質を持つものである。圧粉体の離型に際し、ポリエチレラップフィルム、シリコーンなどの樹脂等を利用することができる。また、圧粉体の離型に際し、熱処理によって、発泡フォーム成形型を脱脂することができる。
発泡フォームを使用して成形した場合、圧粉体の成形表面に発泡フォームの表面形状が転写され、凹凸がつく場合がある。発泡フォームの気孔径がそのまま圧粉体に転写される形となるため、加圧成形する前に前処理を行う必要がある。前処理の方法には、発泡フォームの表面にシリコーングリースまたは各種樹脂などを塗布し、表面の凹凸を極力少なくする。また、粉粒体との接触面が平面の場合には、ポリエチレンラップフィルムで覆うことによって凹凸をなくすることと、離型性を高めることができる。その他に、発泡フォームは、可燃性のものが多く、圧粉体との脱枠、離型を行わずに300〜1000℃の温度で熱処理することによって、発泡フォームを脱脂、昇華させることも可能である。また圧粉体は、焼成・焼結処理を行うために、それと同時に、脱脂を行うこともまた可能である。
【0017】
【実施例】
本発明を実施例によって説明する。本発明はこれらの実施例によって何ら限定されることはない。
【0018】
実施例1
粉粒体としてステンレス鋼、粒径60μm、成形用型に発泡スチロール型、直径130mm×厚さ5mmの型を用意し、型内にステンレス鋼粉粒体を挿入し、ゴムシートによって発泡スチロール型を包み、ゴムシート内の気圧を減圧し、入り口を塞いだ。このゴムシートをCIP圧力500MPa、保持時間60s、サクション時間300sにおいてCIP成形を行った。
その結果、相対密度75%のステンレス鋼圧粉体が成形できた。このときの寸法減少割合は、円周方向50%、厚み方向50%と共に同様な割合で減少し、ステンレス鋼圧粉体に等方圧が加わったことが確認できた。
【0019】
実施例2
粉粒体として銅、粒径15μm以下、成形用型に発泡スチロール、型寸法直径130mm×厚さ5mmの型を用意し、型内に銅粉粒体を挿入し、ゴムシートによって発泡スチロール型を包み、ゴムシート内の気圧を減圧し、入り口を塞いだ。このゴムシートをCIP圧力300MPa、保持時間60s、サクション時間300sにおいてCIP成形を行った。
その結果、相対密度80%、気孔率20%の銅粉粒体が成形できた。このときの寸法減少割合は、円周方向60%、厚み方向60%と共に同様な割合で減少し、銅圧粉体に等方圧が加わったことが確認できた。この実施例の場合、圧粉体表面に、発泡スチロールの凹凸が転写されていた。そのために発泡スチロールと圧粉体である銅板の離型性に問題があった。
【0020】
実施例3
粉粒体として銅、粒径15μm以下、成形用型に発泡スチロール、型寸法直径130mm×厚さ5mmの型を用意した。この型の上面、下面、外周面(圧粉体が接触するところ)にポリエチレンラップフィルムを貼りつけた後に下板と外周部分をシリコーンゴムで接着した。この準備した型内に銅粉粒体を挿入し、次に上板をかぶせてゴムシートによって発泡スチロール型を包み、ゴムシート内の気圧を減圧し、入り口を塞いだ。このゴムシートをCIP圧力300MPa、保持時間60s、サクセション時間300sにおいてCIP成形を行った。
その結果、実施例2と同様に相対密度80%、気孔率20%の銅圧粉体が成形できた。こときの寸法減少割合は、円周方向60%、厚み方向60%と共に実施例2と同様な割合で減少し、銅圧粉体に等方圧が加わったことが確認できた。この実施例の場合、圧粉体表面に、発泡スチロールの凹凸が転写されていたが、発泡スチロール型と銅圧粉体との離型性は非常に良かった。
【0021】
実施例4
粉粒体としてステンレス鋼、粒径60μm以下、成形用型に発泡スチロール、型寸法直径200mm×厚さ15mmの型を用意した。この型の上面、下面、外周面(圧粉体が接触するところ)にポリエチレンラップフィルムを貼りつけた後に下板と外周部分をシリコーンゴムで接着した。この準備した型内にステンレス鋼粉粒体を挿入し、次に上板をかぶせてゴムシートによって発泡スチロール型を包み、ゴムシート内の気圧を減圧し、入り口を塞いだ。このゴムシートをCIP圧力500MPa、保持時間60s、サクセション300sにおいてCIP成形を行った。
その結果、実施例1と同様に相対密度80%、気孔率20%のステンレス鋼圧粉体が成形できた。このときの寸法減少割合は、円周方向60%、厚み60%と共に実施例1同様な割合で減少し、ステンレス鋼圧粉体に等方圧が加わったことが確認できた。この実施例の場合、圧粉体表面に、発泡スチロールの凹凸が転写されていたが、発泡スチロール型とステンレス鋼圧粉体の離型性は非常に良かった。この様に通常のゴム型では作りにくい形状の圧粉体を簡単に作製できた。
【0022】
実施例5
粒粉体としてアルミナ、粒径0.5μm、成形用型に発泡スチロール、型寸法直径130mm×厚さ5mmの型を用意した。この型の上面、下面、外周面(圧粉体が接触するところ)にポリエチレンラップフィルムを貼りつけた後に下板と外周部分をシリコーンゴムで接着した。この準備した型内にアルミナ粉粒体を挿入し、次に上板をかぶせてゴムシートによって発泡スチロール型を包み、ゴムシート内の気圧を減圧し、入り口を塞いだ。このゴムシートをCIP圧力300MPa、保持時間60s、サクション時間300sにおいてCIP成形を行った。その結果、相対密度58%、気孔率42%のアルミナ圧粉体が成形できた。塑性変形を起こさないアルミナ粉末に対しても、金属粉末と同様に薄肉円盤を作製することができた。
【0023】
【発明の効果】
発泡フォームを型として使用することによって、従来、ゴム型を用いたCIP成形では難しいとされている薄肉円盤を容易に作製することができる。発泡フォーム型は、熱によって簡単に装飾でき、異形状や、複雑形状の型も簡単に作製することができる。これは、多品種少量生産において大きなウェイトを占めていた金型作製の時間、並びにコストを大幅に低減できるものと考える。特に、金型を作製しても、次に使用の予定のない金型を作製する必要もなく、色々な形状、寸法に成形できるこの方法は、有効であると考える。また、塑性変形を起こしやすい金属粉末だけでなく、アルミナなど、セラミックス材料もまた同様な考えが適用でき、コストだけでなく、セラミックスなどの成型加工に有効な手段であると考える。[0001]
[Technical field to which industry belongs]
The present invention relates to a method for forming various metals and ceramic powders. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method of forming a deformed shape having a complicated shape or a shape such as a thin plate in forming various metals and ceramic powders.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As one of methods for making parts or members using ceramics or metal materials, there is a method of forming a granular material as a starting material. In this method, a metal material or a ceramic material is molded into a certain shape, and a part is manufactured through firing and processing steps.
In conventional metal materials, melting, casting (ingot), hot working, and cold working are performed, and after shipping as a semi-finished product such as a plate or a bar, the parts are finished and assembled by machining or the like. However, with the advent of new materials, high melting point materials and easily reactive materials are increasing in metal materials, and many materials that are difficult to perform a melting process are seen. Such a material often uses powder as a starting material, and is close to a ceramic molding process. However, the characteristics of the metal have not been lost, and the product has been commercialized in the reverse order to the ceramic process of forming by plastic working after sintering.
[0003]
A method of forming powder as a starting material has been conventionally performed for ceramics and the like, and there are various methods for forming the powder. For example, the powder is mixed with a solvent such as water, poured into a porous mold, and solidified by some method to form a molded body, or the powder and water or other solvent are kneaded to form a plastic clay. Plastic molding that can obtain a molded product having a fixed cross-sectional shape by extruding from a specific die, plasticizing into a complex shaped mold using an organic binder as a solvent in the same method, injection molding method, molding into a granular mold There are pressure forming methods that perform various processes such as uniaxial pressurization, hydrostatic pressurization, vibration pressurization, and impact pressurization.
[0004]
In the various molding methods using molds described above, the molding density tends to be uneven in the green compact due to the bridging phenomenon caused by the friction between the powder and the mold surface or between the powders. Thus, in order to obtain a high-density or highly homogeneous sintered body, the initial packing density must be increased. In order to increase the initial packing density, a cold isostatic press (CIP) is usually used. This method increases the initial packing density by inserting green compact processed into a uniaxial press or complex shape into a pressure vessel filled with wrapping liquid with a rubber bag and applying isotropic hydraulic pressure. Is. For example, a material that is difficult to plastically deform, such as ceramics, is fired by increasing the initial density using this method. Mold press molding is suitable for molding thin-walled products or small parts, whereas CIP molding is a method suitable for molding large-walled parts or long parts. Further, among molding methods using the CIP method, there is a Near-Net-Shape CPI method as a molding method that satisfies a desired shape of a mold.
[0005]
The CIP molding method includes a wet method in which a rubber mold filled with powder is directly immersed and pressurized, and a dry method in which pressure is applied to the molded rubber mold through a diaphragm. In the wet method, complete isotropic pressure is applied, but in the dry method, pressure is not applied from the upper and lower surfaces, so that pseudo isotropic pressure is applied. While the wet method is suitable for small-lot, multi-product production or trial research, the dry method is easy to automate and is suitable for mass production. As the pressure medium, water or emulsion is mainly used in the former, and oil is mainly used in the latter. The raw material powder used for CIP molding is usually made into granules having a size of about 100 μm in consideration of the filling property into a rubber mold.
[0006]
In addition to natural rubber, chloroprene rubber, silicon rubber and urethane rubber, vinyl chloride is also used as the rubber-type material. The condition required for the rubber mold is that the shape can be maintained during powder filling and is as thin as possible. When the rubber mold is thick, it is difficult to apply an isotropic pressure to the powder due to the rigidity of the rubber itself, or the green compact is often destroyed due to the restoration of the rubber during decompression after molding. For example, when manufacturing a thin disk using a rubber mold, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the rubber in order to maintain the shape after molding. Even when CIP molding is applied, the cylindrical part of the molded body is not easily deformed, so a greater force is applied from the upper and lower plates, resulting in a green compact lacking dimensional accuracy or homogeneity. End up. Therefore, it is necessary to select a rubber material and rubber hardness according to the shape and size after molding. In the CIP method, a green compact preformed in advance by another molding method may be re-pressurized for the purpose of high density and high homogenization. At this time, since it is not necessary to hold the shape of the rubber mold, a thin rubber bag or the like is used.
[0007]
The granular material filled in the rubber mold becomes a green compact through the steps of pressurizing, holding, and depressurizing. The most important part of this schedule is the anti-hypertensive process. In a low pressure region of 10 MPa or less, the green compact breaks down due to the separation of the rubber-type restoring force and the subsequent green compact, and the force due to the expansion of air confined in the green compact. In some cases, a liquid such as an emulsion, which is a pressure medium, flows into the rubber and the molded body may collapse. In this way, it is necessary to carefully examine CIP conditions and the selection of the type of rubber mold.
[0008]
Thus, there are a wide variety of methods for forming powder. However, in all molding methods, there is a mold when molding. Regarding the molding of products that are produced in large quantities and small varieties, the production of molds does not cause much disadvantage. However, in order to produce small quantities and a variety of products, the production of molds has a large production cost. Will occupy weight. Particularly for products with complex shapes, a great deal of labor is required for the production of the mold, and therefore it is desired to reduce the cost of the design and production of the mold in order to reduce the cost of the molded product / product. At present, the mold design and production can be easily manufactured to molds with different shapes and complex shapes using NC or the like, and the cost is in the limit.
Considering further reduction of product cost, it is desired to develop a new molding process that replaces the molding process using the current mold. I think that this is an effective way to maintain a production system of small quantities and many varieties.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a new method for forming a metal or ceramic material that uses powder as a starting material. More specifically, the present invention aims to provide a new molding method that can reduce the cost of molds in a low-volume, high-variety production system, and can perform a complex-shaped molded body that cannot be manufactured with a mold without using a mold. .
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and in a method for forming a green compact using a granular material as a starting material, a method for forming a green compact is characterized by using a foaming mold. The gist.
In general, the purpose of using a mold in molding is to mold a green compact into a desired shape. Metal materials are mainly used for molds, but it is possible to mold as long as the shape of the powder can be maintained, and it is not necessary to use high-strength materials such as metal. Conceivable. In the present invention, in view of the above problems, for the purpose of maintaining the shape, instead of using an expensive mold, molding of a green compact by applying a foamed foam that can be easily formed into a different shape or a thin plate, etc. Is to do.
[0011]
The present invention also provides a method for forming a green compact by using a foaming mold and a cold isostatic pressing method in a method for forming a green compact from a granular material as a starting material. And Furthermore, the present invention is summarized in a method for forming a green compact using a foamed foam mold and utilizing the shrinkage of the mold in a method for forming a green compact using a granular material as a starting material. .
When hydrostatic pressure is applied to the plastic foam, the foam itself is compressed by the hydrostatic pressure, the foam film of the foam is broken, and air or various gases in the foam are released to the outside of the foam. The foam shrinks from the original size by the amount of the exhausted gas. Utilizing this phenomenon, in the present invention, a powder form is preferably formed by a cold isostatic pressing method using a plastic foam instead of a mold. By processing the plastic foam into a desired shape, filling the foam into the foam, and inserting the foam into the hydrostatic pressure, the foam contracts and hydrostatic pressure can be applied to the powder.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The configuration of the present invention will be specifically described below.
The granular material targeted by the present invention may be any granular material that can be formed into a green compact using a mold. Examples include powder materials such as ceramic materials and metals. In addition, the compacting means for forming a green compact targeted by the present invention may be any conventionally known means for forming a green compact using a granular material as a starting material, and a cold isostatic pressing method is preferred. Illustrated as a means.
[0013]
The foamed foam mold used in the molding method of the present invention is a styrene resin-based and / or acrylic resin-based plastic foam or foamed synthetic resin foam mold such as foamed polystyrene and acrylic resin foam. Various foamed plastic foam materials such as expanded polystyrene and acrylic resin foam can be easily obtained at low cost, and can be easily shaped by applying heat locally, can be easily processed, and can be mass-produced. It has advantages such as.
[0014]
The green compact molding method of the present invention is a method that utilizes shrinkage during molding of a foaming mold. By processing the plastic foam into a desired shape, filling the foam into the foam, and inserting the foam into the hydrostatic pressure, the foam contracts and hydrostatic pressure can be applied to the powder. In normal rubber molds etc., there is an elastic return phenomenon when the pressure is lowered after pressure increase, and the internal green compact is often destroyed, but in the case of plastic foam, depending on the type or the applied hydrostatic pressure If various gases contained in the foam are released to the outside, the elastic return phenomenon after compression can be kept low, and the molded green compact can be obtained without breaking.
[0015]
The foaming mold of the present invention is desirably a foaming mold that does not allow the pressure medium to enter from the outside to the inside of the mold.
The characteristics of plastic foam are not only the ease of processing and shrinkage phenomenon described above, but the inside of the foam is also in a state in which the pressure medium is difficult to penetrate inside due to the extremely fine pore form due to the chain bonding of the polymer and the poor absorbability of the liquid. Therefore, there is no concern that the granular material will get wet even if the granular material filled in the foam is directly inserted into the liquid, and the normal hydrostatic pressure molding process can be shortened. However, in this case, it is necessary to seal the contact portion between the foam and the gap, and it is necessary to close the gap with an adhesive such as silicone that does not erode or react with the compression medium to be used. If sealing between the foam and the contact part of the foam is not possible, use the rubber sheet bag used in the normal CIP method and wrap the foamed foam filled with granular material in the rubber sheet and enter the rubber sheet. It is desirable to block the portion and to reduce the pressure in the rubber sheet at this time. By inserting this into the pressure medium and performing CIP molding, the powder is not eroded from the pressure medium, and the green compact can be molded.
[0016]
The foaming mold is preferably one that can be easily released. In releasing the green compact, a polyethylene wrap film, a resin such as silicone, or the like can be used. In addition, when the green compact is released, the foamed foam mold can be degreased by heat treatment.
When molding is performed using foamed foam, the surface shape of the foamed foam may be transferred to the green compact molding surface, resulting in unevenness. Since the pore diameter of the foamed foam is transferred to the green compact as it is, it is necessary to perform pretreatment before pressure molding. In the pretreatment method, silicone grease or various resins are applied to the surface of the foamed foam so as to minimize surface irregularities. Moreover, when a contact surface with a granular material is a plane, an unevenness | corrugation can be eliminated by covering with a polyethylene wrap film, and mold release property can be improved. In addition, many foams are flammable, and it is possible to degrease and sublimate foamed foam by heat treatment at a temperature of 300-1000 ° C without removing the frame from the green compact and releasing the mold. It is. Further, the green compact can be degreased at the same time in order to perform the firing and sintering treatment.
[0017]
【Example】
The invention is illustrated by examples. The present invention is not limited in any way by these examples.
[0018]
Example 1
Stainless steel as a granular material, particle size 60 μm, a polystyrene mold for molding, a mold having a diameter of 130 mm × thickness of 5 mm, a stainless steel granular material is inserted into the mold, and a polystyrene sheet is wrapped with a rubber sheet. The pressure inside the rubber sheet was reduced to close the entrance. This rubber sheet was subjected to CIP molding at a CIP pressure of 500 MPa, a holding time of 60 s, and a suction time of 300 s.
As a result, a stainless steel green compact with a relative density of 75% was formed. The dimensional reduction ratio at this time decreased at a similar ratio with the circumferential direction of 50% and the thickness direction of 50%, confirming that an isotropic pressure was applied to the stainless steel green compact.
[0019]
Example 2
Copper as the powder, particle size of 15 μm or less, styrofoam in the mold for molding, mold size of diameter 130mm × thickness 5mm is prepared, the copper powder is inserted into the mold, and the foam polystyrene is wrapped with a rubber sheet. The pressure inside the rubber sheet was reduced to close the entrance. This rubber sheet was subjected to CIP molding at a CIP pressure of 300 MPa, a holding time of 60 s, and a suction time of 300 s.
As a result, a copper powder particle having a relative density of 80% and a porosity of 20% could be formed. The dimension reduction ratio at this time decreased at a similar ratio with the circumferential direction 60% and the thickness direction 60%, and it was confirmed that the isotropic pressure was applied to the copper compact. In this example, the irregularities of the polystyrene foam were transferred to the surface of the green compact. For this reason, there has been a problem in the releasability of the foamed polystyrene and the copper plate as the green compact.
[0020]
Example 3
As a powder, copper, a particle size of 15 μm or less, a polystyrene mold, a mold having a mold size of diameter 130 mm × thickness 5 mm, was prepared. After attaching a polyethylene wrap film to the upper surface, lower surface, and outer peripheral surface (where the green compact contacts) of this mold, the lower plate and the outer peripheral portion were bonded with silicone rubber. Copper powder particles were inserted into the prepared mold, and then the top plate was covered and the polystyrene foam mold was wrapped with a rubber sheet, the pressure inside the rubber sheet was reduced, and the inlet was closed. This rubber sheet was subjected to CIP molding at a CIP pressure of 300 MPa, a holding time of 60 s, and a succession time of 300 s.
As a result, a copper compact with a relative density of 80% and a porosity of 20% could be formed as in Example 2. The dimensional reduction ratio of Kotoki decreased at a ratio similar to that in Example 2 together with 60% in the circumferential direction and 60% in the thickness direction, confirming that an isotropic pressure was applied to the copper compact. In this example, the irregularities of the expanded polystyrene were transferred to the surface of the green compact, but the releasability between the expanded polystyrene mold and the copper green compact was very good.
[0021]
Example 4
A stainless steel, a particle size of 60 μm or less was prepared as a powder, and a mold of polystyrene foam and a mold size of diameter 200 mm × thickness 15 mm was prepared as a mold. After attaching a polyethylene wrap film to the upper surface, lower surface, and outer peripheral surface (where the green compact contacts) of this mold, the lower plate and the outer peripheral portion were bonded with silicone rubber. Stainless steel powder particles were inserted into the prepared mold, and then the upper plate was covered, and the foamed polystyrene mold was wrapped with a rubber sheet, the pressure inside the rubber sheet was reduced, and the inlet was closed. This rubber sheet was subjected to CIP molding at a CIP pressure of 500 MPa, a holding time of 60 s, and a succession of 300 s.
As a result, as in Example 1, a stainless steel green compact having a relative density of 80% and a porosity of 20% could be formed. The dimension reduction ratio at this time decreased at a ratio similar to that of Example 1 together with 60% in the circumferential direction and 60% in thickness, and it was confirmed that an isotropic pressure was applied to the stainless steel green compact. In this example, the irregularities of the polystyrene foam were transferred to the green compact surface, but the releasability between the polystyrene foam and the stainless steel green compact was very good. Thus, it was possible to easily produce a green compact having a shape difficult to make with a normal rubber mold.
[0022]
Example 5
As the granular powder, alumina, a particle size of 0.5 μm, a polystyrene mold as a molding die, and a die having a die size of diameter 130 mm × thickness 5 mm were prepared. After attaching a polyethylene wrap film to the upper surface, lower surface, and outer peripheral surface (where the green compact contacts) of this mold, the lower plate and the outer peripheral portion were bonded with silicone rubber. Alumina powder particles were inserted into the prepared mold, and then the top plate was covered and the polystyrene foam was wrapped with a rubber sheet. The pressure inside the rubber sheet was reduced, and the inlet was closed. This rubber sheet was subjected to CIP molding at a CIP pressure of 300 MPa, a holding time of 60 s, and a suction time of 300 s. As a result, an alumina green compact having a relative density of 58% and a porosity of 42% could be formed. A thin disk could be produced for alumina powder not causing plastic deformation as well as metal powder.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
By using expanded foam as the type, conventionally, that Ki de it easy to produce a thin disk that has been difficult in the CIP molding using a rubber mold. Foamed foam molds can be easily decorated by heat, and molds with different shapes or complex shapes can be easily produced. This is considered to be able to significantly reduce the time and cost of mold production, which occupy a large weight in a large variety of small-quantity production. In particular, even if a mold is manufactured, it is not necessary to prepare a mold that is not scheduled to be used next time, and this method that can be molded into various shapes and dimensions is considered effective. Further, not only metal powder that easily causes plastic deformation but also ceramic materials such as alumina can be applied to the same idea, and it is considered to be an effective means not only for cost but also for molding ceramics.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14312597A JP3869072B2 (en) | 1997-05-16 | 1997-05-16 | Molding method of green compact |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14312597A JP3869072B2 (en) | 1997-05-16 | 1997-05-16 | Molding method of green compact |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10317007A JPH10317007A (en) | 1998-12-02 |
| JP3869072B2 true JP3869072B2 (en) | 2007-01-17 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14312597A Expired - Lifetime JP3869072B2 (en) | 1997-05-16 | 1997-05-16 | Molding method of green compact |
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| JP (1) | JP3869072B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20180007700A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2018-01-23 | 조선대학교산학협력단 | Cu composite reinforced by 3D graphite or graphene network and preparing method thereof |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1179414A4 (en) * | 1999-04-19 | 2005-07-13 | Kikusui Seisakusyo Ltd | Rotary type powder compression molding machine |
| JP4562318B2 (en) * | 2001-06-22 | 2010-10-13 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | Mold and method of manufacturing sputtering target using the mold |
| KR102691190B1 (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2024-08-05 | 주식회사 이엠엘 | Metal and alloy Composite with 3-Dimensional Graphin and Graphite and Manufacturing method thereof |
-
1997
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20180007700A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2018-01-23 | 조선대학교산학협력단 | Cu composite reinforced by 3D graphite or graphene network and preparing method thereof |
| KR101902256B1 (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2018-09-28 | 조선대학교 산학협력단 | Cu composite reinforced by 3D graphite or graphene network and preparing method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH10317007A (en) | 1998-12-02 |
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