JP3871686B2 - Absorber construction equipment and construction method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a water trough construction apparatus and a construction method thereof. More specifically, in agricultural production activities and various land use, as a soil improvement for sticky soil, peat soil, high groundwater areas, etc., water absorption dredging that absorbs and collects excess water in the soil and passes it through is removed. The present invention relates to a construction apparatus and a method thereof.

  In order to improve the food self-sufficiency rate, stabilize the supply of various crops, and ensure food safety, it is important to secure good farmland and maintain higher productivity of the farmland. However, if the agricultural area is limited or the majority of the agricultural area is in a cold and humid climate zone, etc., to secure more excellent farmland, improve the land with disadvantageous drainage conditions such as high groundwater areas. It is indispensable to establish soil improvement technology that can be used as excellent farmland.

Conventionally, such soil layer improvement techniques, particularly sticky soil, peat soil, and soil layer improvement techniques for poorly drained farmland, are as follows.
(1) Material improvement technology Subsoil soil crushing method and bullet culvert method are often used as improvement technology for peat soil and high groundwater area (Patent Document 1 etc.). Such a soil layer improvement technique that does not use a material such as a hydrophobic material is referred to as a “non-material improvement technique”. In the subsoil crushing method and bullet culvert method, a crushing device and a bullet-like device are connected to the rear of the towing vehicle and pulled to advance the crushing device and the bullet-like device in the subsoil. It is a construction method in which crushing is performed or a water passage hole, that is, a water absorption rod is formed in the subsoil. Non-material improvement technologies such as subsoil crushing and bullet culverts can be constructed using only the traction power of the towing vehicle, and thus are low cost and urgent measures.

(2) Material improvement technology Material improvement technology for sticky soil includes material subsoil improved tillage method that introduces highly permeable water-permeable materials such as hydrophobic material into the subsoil. The method is used. Such a soil layer improvement technique using a material such as a hydrophobic material will be referred to as a “material improvement technique”. In the construction, for example, after excavating a longitudinal groove using an appropriate excavating machine, the longitudinal groove is filled with a material such as a hydrophobic material. In recent years, there have been proposed a material water tank embedded with a flat foamed resin body and a sheet pipe drain water tank embedded with a drawing pipe such as a sheet in a shallow layer (Patent Document 2 and the like). The water absorption pad absorbs and collects surplus water in the soil and passes it through to remove it. As its construction method, efforts are being made to develop a method using new materials such as a hydrophobic material and a water absorption pipe, which are highly permeable water-permeable materials, and a construction machine capable of performing an integrated construction or an automatic embedding construction. The material improvement technology using these materials can maintain the water flow space for a long time, so the improvement effect can be sustained for a long time
JP-A-5-202512 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-169836

  However, non-material improvement technology such as subsoil crushing and bullet culverts increases the water permeability by crushing the soil layer and securing water passage space, thereby eliminating excess water. If this is insufficient, the effect may not be obtained. In addition, since surplus water passes through the crushing part of the soil layer, soil dispersion occurs, and the effect is gradually reduced due to clogging. Most of them lose function within a few years after improvement. In particular, in bullet culverts, the soil is spread out to create a cavity in the soil, so that the water clogging occurs in a short period of time due to the collapse of the soil by pushing back the surrounding soil. The bullet culvert is a method of intruding a conical bullet and expanding the soil to form a hole with a circular cross section, so the expanded hole becomes smaller due to earth pressure or pushback, and cracks created during construction There was a problem that collapsed. Thus, subsoil crushing and bullet culverts are disadvantageous in that they are inferior in durability but at low cost.

  Nonetheless, there has been no breakthrough in the material improvement technology for constructing water passages such as subsoil crushing and bullet culverts. At present, there is nothing other than a bullet culvert that has been put into practical use with a technique for constructing a water passage hole as a water tank that eliminates excess water in the soil using only the traction power of the work implement.

  On the other hand, the timber subsoil crushing and the timber paddle can obtain sufficient effects and durability, but it is a disadvantage that it is a large-scale construction. That is, construction design and planning are necessary prior to construction, and urgent response is difficult. In addition, the construction efficiency is low, the cost is high, and the applicable area is limited depending on the type of material.

  In view of the above current situation, the object of the present invention is to apply to land of disadvantageous conditions due to poor drainage and to be used as excellent farmland, low cost, durability, high speed workability, emergency response, And to provide soil improvement technology that combines high drainage.

  Specifically, an object of the present invention is to provide a soil layer improvement technique that can be performed only by traction power by a tow vehicle. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a water-absorbing dredge construction apparatus capable of constructing a durable water-absorbing dredger while traveling through the subsoil by being connected to the rear of the towing vehicle and a construction method using the same. With the goal.

More specifically, an object is to provide a non-material water-absorbing tub which is a sealed groove-like cavity formed in the subsoil and has a high shape maintaining performance equivalent to a conventional material water-absorbing basin. To do. At the same time, an object of the present invention is to provide an unabsorbed water-absorbing jar having an excellent function of absorbing and collecting excess water in the soil and passing it through the groove-like cavity having a sufficient volume. .
It is another object of the present invention to use the above-described water absorbent construction device for a non-material water absorbent so as to be able to be used for constructing a material water absorbent.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following configurations.
(1) The water tank construction apparatus according to claim 1 corresponds to the first water tank construction apparatus or the second water tank construction apparatus shown in the embodiment.
The water-absorbing dredge construction apparatus is configured to form a water-absorbing drench surrounded by a ceiling surface, both side wall surfaces and a bottom surface in the target soil by being pulled by a tow truck and proceeding in the target soil.
(a) a support frame having a mounting rod connected to the rear of the towing vehicle and extending along the traveling direction;
(b) having a water ridge forming attachment that is detachably attached to the mounting rod of the support frame and that advances in the target soil as it is pulled by the towing vehicle, the water ridge forming attachment,
(b1) A pair of front cutters arranged to be separated from each other in order to cut the target soil corresponding to the positions of the both side wall surfaces while proceeding in the target soil, and the upper end of each front cutter is attached to the mounting rod A pair of front cutters mounted and having a lower end reaching the position of the bottom surface and having a cutting blade on the front side;
(b2) In order to form the both side wall surfaces and the bottom surface while proceeding in the target soil, it is plate-shaped and has a width extending between the both side wall surfaces, and the front end is attached to the lower ends of the pair of front cutters, A soil removal member extending obliquely upward and rearward from the front end, and a rear end reaching the position of the ceiling surface or the ground surface;
(b4) In order to form the ceiling surface while proceeding in the target soil, the ceiling surface is provided near the rear end or the rear surface side of the soil removal member, and becomes the ceiling surface by cutting, moving or compressing the surrounding soil. A crust molding tool for molding a crust block.

(2) The water trough construction apparatus according to a second aspect is the first aspect, wherein the cutting blade of each of the pair of front cutters is inclined obliquely downward and rearward at an angle of 45 ° or less with respect to the vertical direction. It is characterized by that.

(3) The water trough construction apparatus according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in claim 1, the cutting blades of the pair of front cutters are linear or corrugated along the length direction of the cutter. And

(4) A water trough construction apparatus according to a fourth aspect is characterized in that, in the first aspect, the distance between the pair of front cutters gradually decreases from the upper side to the lower side.

(5) The water tank construction apparatus according to claim 5 corresponds to the first water tank construction apparatus shown in the embodiment.
The water dam construction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rear end of the soil removal member reaches the position of the ceiling surface, so that the position of the bottom surface as the soil removal member progresses. It is possible to push up the clot that exists above to the position of the ceiling surface,
A rear cutter located at the center between the wall surfaces on both sides behind the pair of front cutters;
The rear cutter has an upper end mounted on the mounting rod, a lower end attached to the rear end of the soil removal member, and a cutting blade on the front side to divide the soil mass pushed up by the soil removal member into two It is characterized by comprising.

(6) The water dredging construction apparatus according to claim 6 is the drainage member according to claim 5, wherein the front half of the earth removal member extends obliquely upward and rearward from the front to the rear, and the rear half is substantially the same as the ground surface. It is characterized by extending in parallel.

(7) The water trough construction apparatus according to claim 7 is characterized in that, in claim 6, the angle of the front half with respect to the traveling direction is 45 to 60 degrees.

(8) According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the water trough construction apparatus according to the fifth aspect, wherein the earthen molding tool includes a convex portion that compresses the surrounding soil at the position of the ceiling surface.

(9) The water tank construction apparatus according to claim 9 corresponds to the second water tank construction apparatus shown in the embodiment.
The water dam construction device according to claim 1, wherein the rear end of the soil removal member reaches the ground surface and is attached to the mounting rod, whereby the soil erosion member progresses. The earth lump existing above the position of the bottom surface can be pushed up to the ground surface.

(10) The water trough construction apparatus according to claim 10 is characterized in that, in claim 9, the angle of the soil removal member with respect to the traveling direction is 45 to 60 degrees.

(11) The water dredging construction apparatus according to claim 11 is the ninth aspect of the present invention, wherein, in the latter half of the soil removal member, a twisted portion in which one side edge gradually becomes higher than the other side edge as it goes from the front to the rear. It is formed.

(12) The water trough construction apparatus according to claim 12 is characterized in that, in claim 11, as the twist angle of the twist portion, the inclination from the one side edge to the other side edge at the ground surface is 45 with respect to the horizontal. It is a degree.

(13) The water ridge construction device according to claim 13 is the water culvert construction device according to claim 9, wherein the capping molding device passes the front blade that cuts the surrounding soil at the position of the ceiling surface and the cut surrounding soil. It has at least a pressing plate which molds the earthen block by moving or compressing.

(14) The water trough construction apparatus according to claim 14 is characterized in that, in claim 13, the earthen molding tool has a rear molded end part that defines a final shape of the earthen block.

(15) The water trough construction apparatus according to claim 15 is characterized in that, in claim 13, the earthen molding tool has a lower support plate for supporting the surrounding soil compressed by the pressing plate from below. To do.

(16) The water dam construction device according to claim 16 is the ninth aspect of the present invention, wherein the apparatus is attached to the mounting rod behind the mounting position of the soil removal member to the mounting rod, and moves the clot pushed up to the ground surface And a backfill plate that is backfilled by being dropped onto the earthen block.

(17) The water tank construction method according to claim 17 corresponds to the water tank construction method by the first water tank construction device or the second water bottle construction device shown in the embodiment.
The water dam construction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the water bream construction apparatus is a pair of front cutters that are arranged apart from each other and have a cutting blade on the front side, and obliquely upward and rearward from the lower ends of the pair of front cutters. A water-absorbing dredge construction apparatus having a plate-like earth discharging member that extends and a earthen forming tool that forms a earthen block formed near the rear end or on the rear surface side of the earthing member is advanced in the target soil. In the water-absorbing construction method for forming a water-absorbing wall surrounded by the ceiling surface, both side walls and the bottom surface in the target soil,
(a) a first step of cutting the target soil corresponding to the position of the both side wall surfaces by the pair of front cutters while traveling in the target soil;
(b) While proceeding in the target soil, by pushing up the lump existing above the lower end of the cut target soil to the position of the ceiling surface or the ground surface by the soil removal member, the both side walls and the bottom surface A second step to form;
(c) While traveling through the target soil, the surrounding soil located behind the pushed-up mass is cut, moved or compressed by the crust molding tool to mold the crust block, thereby forming the ceiling surface. A third step of forming.

(18) The water tank construction method according to claim 18 corresponds to the water tank construction method by the first water tank construction device shown in the embodiment.
The water-absorbing dredge construction method is the water-absorbing drench construction method according to claim 17, wherein the water-absorbing drench construction apparatus is located at the center between the both side wall surfaces behind the pair of front cutters and has a cutting blade on the front side. Further having a rear cutter, and when the rear end of the soil removal member extends to the position of the ceiling surface,
In the second step, the soil mass is pushed up to the position of the ceiling surface, and the pushed mass is divided into two by the rear cutter.

(19) A water tank construction method according to claim 19 corresponds to the water tank construction method by the second water tank construction device shown in the embodiment.
In the water dredging construction method according to claim 17, the rear end of the earth discharging member of the water dredging construction apparatus extends to the ground surface, and the latter half of the earth discharging member extends from the front to the rear. When one side edge is formed to be twisted to be gradually higher than the other side edge as it goes, and the water shed construction device further has a backfill plate behind the soil removal member,
In the second step, the soil block is pushed up to the ground surface, and the pushed-up soil block is laid down on the ground surface in a direction according to the twist of the soil removal member, and in the third step, the ceiling surface is formed. The backfill plate is backfilled by moving the earth block pushed up to the ground surface with the progress of the backfill plate and dropping it on the earth block.

(20) A water tank construction apparatus according to claim 20 corresponds to the material water tank construction apparatus shown in the embodiment.
In order to form in the target soil a water absorbent rod filled with a hydrophobic material in a space surrounded by both side walls and the bottom surface, the water absorbent construction device is pulled by a tow truck and travels through the target soil. In the water pit construction equipment to dig,
(a) a support frame having a mounting rod connected to the rear of the towing vehicle and extending along the traveling direction;
(b) having a water ridge forming attachment that is detachably attached to the mounting rod of the support frame and that advances in the target soil as it is pulled by the towing vehicle, the water ridge forming attachment,
(b1) A pair of front cutters arranged to be separated from each other in order to cut the target soil corresponding to the positions of the both side wall surfaces while proceeding in the target soil, and the upper end of each front cutter is attached to the mounting rod A pair of front cutters mounted and having a lower end reaching the position of the bottom surface and having a cutting blade on the front side;
(b2) In order to form the both side wall surfaces and the bottom surface while proceeding in the target soil, it is plate-shaped and has a width extending between the both side wall surfaces, and the front end is attached to the lower ends of the pair of front cutters, A soil removal member extending obliquely upward and rearward from the front end to the ground surface and having a rear end mounted on the mounting rod;
One of the side edges is formed with a twist that gradually becomes higher than the other side edge as the latter half of the soil removal member moves from the front to the rear.

(21) A water tank construction method according to claim 21 corresponds to the material water tank construction method by the material water bottle construction device shown in the embodiment.
The water-absorbing construction method is a pair of front cutters that are spaced apart from each other to form in the target soil water-absorbing walls filled with hydrophobic materials in open grooves that are surrounded by both side walls and bottom surfaces and open to the ground surface. And a plate-like earth removing member extending obliquely upward and rearward from the lower end of the pair of front cutters, and one side edge of the other side as the latter half of the earthing member moves from the front to the rear. In the water-absorbing construction method of forming the open groove by advancing the water-absorbing construction apparatus in the target soil formed a twist gradually higher than the side edge of the, and filling the open groove with the hydrophobic material,
(a) a first step of cutting the target soil corresponding to the position of the both side wall surfaces by the pair of front cutters while traveling in the target soil;
(b) While advancing in the target soil, the soil lump present above the lower end of the cut target soil is pushed up to the ground surface by the soil removal member, and the pushed soil mass is used for the twist of the soil removal member. A second step of forming the open groove surrounded by the both side wall surfaces and the bottom surface by lying down on the ground surface in the direction according to,
and (c) a third step of filling the open groove with a hydrophobic material.

  According to the present invention, without using any material such as a hydrophobic material, it is possible to construct a water tank that is a sealed groove in the target soil simply by towing the water tank construction device with the traction power of the towing vehicle.

  The water trough formation attachment etc. which the water trough construction apparatus of the present invention comprises, cuts the front target soil with a pair of front cutters while effectively using the mechanical properties of the soil while proceeding through the target soil, The soil mass is pushed up, and then a clay block is formed at the position of the ceiling surface to complete the water absorption trough. As described above, in the present invention, the water-absorbing basin is constructed by forming a groove-like cavity in the target soil and eliminating the generated excess soil. Therefore, there is no pushing back by earth pressure compared with the case of forming a sealed groove only by compressing the soil as in a conventional bullet culvert. Moreover, since a high-hardness earthen | crust block is formed in the ceiling surface of a water absorption trough, it is strong also to the load from upper part, and can prevent the collapse of soil. As a result, the water-absorbing bottle of the present invention has high shape maintenance performance and excellent durability, and can exhibit a drainage function over a long period of time.

  Moreover, since the water absorption tank of this invention can ensure sufficient space vertically long, it can exhibit the drainage effect equivalent to the conventional material water absorption tank.

  In the present invention, it is possible to flexibly cope with various construction conditions by appropriately selecting the components of the water tank construction device and adjusting the mounting position of each component, and the size of the target water tank and its The position can also be set and adjusted easily. It can also be applied to the construction of material water tanks and has a wide range of applications.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to realize soil layer improvement by using a water-absorbing dredging material that pursues high-speed construction capable of low cost and emergency response, and it becomes possible to use poorly drained land as excellent farmland.

  Furthermore, since there is no harm to soil, water quality, and plants, there is no negative impact on the environment and agricultural production, and it can contribute to the creation of good farmland.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
(1) Selection of 1st water-absorbing dredge construction apparatus and 2nd water-absorbing drench construction apparatus The water-absorbing dredge construction apparatus of this invention is connected to the back of a towing vehicle, and is towed, advancing in the target soil. Construction of firewood. The target soil is a subsoil under the surface soil. In the following description, the term “water-absorbing bowl” simply means a sealed groove-like cavity (sealed groove) having a vertically long rectangular cross section constructed in the subsoil according to the present invention. In other words, the water absorption trough, which is a sealed groove, is a space extending in the horizontal direction surrounded by the ceiling surface, both side wall surfaces, and the bottom surface. This is an unabsorbed water tank. This water-absorbing basin functions as a water passage hole that absorbs and collects surplus water from the surrounding soil, passes it through, and drains it from its end.

  In the present invention, by selecting and combining each component appropriately in consideration of soil properties and / or land conditions, etc., the basic structure and function are the same, but two types of structures and functions that are partially different Providing water absorption equipment.

  FIG. 1 is an exploded view schematically showing a construction method of two kinds of water trough construction apparatuses in the present invention. Two types of water tank construction devices are referred to as a first water tank construction device 1A and a second water tank construction device 1B, respectively. In FIG. 1, a plurality of components included in each are surrounded by broken lines. The support frame 10 connected to the rear of the towing vehicle and traveling on the ground surface by being pulled is a component common to both the first and second water trough construction apparatuses 1A and 1B. In this specification, the traveling direction of the water trough construction device is referred to as “front side” or “front”, and the opposite direction is referred to as “rear side” or “rear”.

  When configuring the first water trough construction apparatus 1A, the first water trough forming attachment 20 is selected as a component that is detachably attached to the support frame 10. A clay molding tool 26 is integrally attached to the first water trough forming attachment 20.

  On the other hand, in the case of configuring the second water trough construction apparatus 1B, the second water trough forming attachment 30, the backfill plate 35, and the crust molding tool 36 are selected as components to be attached to the support frame 10. . The second water trough forming attachment 30 and the backfill plate 35 are detachably attached to the support frame 10. The earthen forming tool 36 is detachably attached to the rear surface side (right hand side in FIG. 1) of the second water trough forming attachment 30. The earthen forming tool 36 is selected and attached from several types having different shapes in consideration of soil conditions and the like. FIG. 1 shows five types of first to fifth earthen forming tools 36a to 36e.

  Each of the first water tank attachment 20 and the second water tank attachment 30 can be mounted at the same mounting position on the support frame 10.

  The detailed shape and function of each component of the first and second water trough construction apparatuses 1A and 1B shown in FIG. 1 will be described later.

(2) 1st water tank construction apparatus and its construction method The 1st water tank construction apparatus 1A and its construction method are demonstrated referring FIGS. 2-6. FIG. 2 is an overall side view of the first water trough construction apparatus 1 </ b> A configured by combining the support frame 10 shown in FIG. 1 and the first water trough forming attachment 20. The first water trough forming attachment 20 is mounted so as to be positioned below the rear half of the support frame 10.

  In order to explain the outline of the first water trough construction apparatus 1A and its construction method, reference is made to FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic side view showing a construction situation in which a water tank is formed in the target soil 60 by the first water tank construction device 1A. The target soil 60 is shown in cross section. The support frame 10 is pulled on the ground surface 60 a by being connected to the rear of the towing vehicle 40. The connecting portions 11 a and 11 b at the front end of the support frame 10 are connected and fixed to a connecting link 41 provided at the rear of the towing vehicle 40. The mounting rod 14a is connected via a connection link 12a extending rearward from the coupling portions 11a and 11b. A first water trough forming attachment 20 is mounted on the lower side of the mounting rod 14a. The mounting rod 14a is a rod that extends horizontally along the traveling direction.

  When the support frame 10 is pulled in the traveling direction, the first water trough forming attachment 20 proceeds in the target soil 60. In FIG. 3, the target water tank has not yet been formed in the target soil 60 on the front side of the first water tank forming attachment 20. On the other hand, in the target soil 60 on the rear side of the first water tank forming attachment 20, the water tank 62 has already been formed. The first water trough forming attachment 20 includes a pair of front cutters 21 and 22 (only one 21 is shown) having a cutting blade on the front side. When the first water trough forming attachment 20 advances, the pair of front cutters 21 and 22 cut the target soil 60 in the vertical direction. The cutting depth is a distance to reach the position of the bottom surface 62b of the target water trough 62.

  A plate-like soil removal member 24 extends obliquely upward and rearward from the lower ends of the front cutters 21 and 22 of the first water trough forming attachment 20. The soil removal member 24 is between the pair of front cutters 21 and 22. It scoops up and pushes up the earth lump 61 existing in (see arrow S1). Since the tail of the soil removal member 24 has reached the position of the ceiling surface 62c of the target water trough 62, the lump 61 scooped up by the soil removal member 24 is pushed up to the position of this ceiling surface 62c. Become.

  The first water trough forming attachment 20 includes one rear cutter 23 for dividing the pushed-up soil mass 61 into two in the vertical direction. The rear cutter 23 is provided at a position corresponding to the center in the width direction of the target water trough 62.

  Further, the first water trough forming attachment 20 includes a crust molding tool 26 in the vicinity of the rear end of the rear cutter 23 and the soil discharging member 24. The lump 61a pushed up by the earth removing member 24 and divided into two at the center by the rear cutter 23 is further pressed upward or diagonally upward by the earth forming tool 26 and compressed to form a high hardness earth block 63a. . Thereby, the shape maintenance performance of the water absorption tank 62 is ensured.

  The first water trough construction apparatus 1A and its construction method shown in FIG. 3 are suitable for close gray plateau soil or gray lowland soil, medium-coarse high-humidity black soil, or high-density gly soil.

  FIG. 4A is a side view showing a more detailed structure of the support frame 10. The height of the connecting portions 11a and 11b can be adjusted when the connecting portions 11a and 11b are connected and fixed to the rear of the towing vehicle. A connecting member including an upper connecting link 12a and a lower connecting link 12e and connecting rods 12b and 12c connected via a connecting rod joint 12d extends rearward from the connecting portions 11a and 11b at the front end.

  At the rear ends of these connecting members 12a to 12e, a mounting rod coupling portion having a plurality of mounting rod adjustment holes 13a and 13b is provided. The front end of the mounting rod 14a is coupled to one of the lower mounting rod coupling holes 13b. When changing the height of the mounting rod 14a, it connects with another mounting rod connection hole 13b. On the other hand, the adjusting cylinder 14d and the adjusting cylinder rods 14b and 14c on both sides thereof are provided so as to connect the mounting rod adjusting hole 13a and the vicinity of the center of the mounting rod 14a. The angle with respect to the horizontal of the mounting rod 14a can be adjusted by the adjusting cylinder 14d, and the mounting rod 14a is set to be kept horizontal.

  Attachment portions 15a for attaching the upper end of the front cutter of the first water trough forming attachment 20 are provided on both side surfaces of the mounting rod 14a. This is used also when attaching the front cutter of the 2nd water trough formation attachment 30 mentioned later. Furthermore, the attachment part 15b which attaches the upper end of the back cutter of the 1st water trough formation attachment 20 is provided in the lower surface of the mounting rod 14a. Each mounting portion is composed of a pin or bolt hole and / or an appropriate mounting plate.

  In addition, when the 1st water absorbent bowl formation attachment 20 is selected, the attachment part 15c which attaches the rear end of the earth discharging member of the 2nd water absorbent bowl formation attachment, and the backfill board used with the 2nd water absorbent bowl formation attachment are attached. Nothing is attached to the attachment portion 15d.

  FIG. 4B is a perspective view showing a more detailed structure of the first water trough forming attachment 20. The first water trough forming attachment 20 includes a pair of front cutters 21 and 22 that are spaced apart from each other. The upper ends of each of the front cutters 21 and 22 are attached to the mounting rod 14a (shown by a broken line) of the support frame described above. The lower ends of the front cutters 21 and 22 are set so as to reach the position of the bottom surface of the target water trough. The side surfaces of the front cutters 21 and 22 are in a vertical plane, and the side surfaces are parallel to each other. The space | interval of the front cutters 21 and 22 is set so that it may correspond to the width | variety of the target water tank. In this case, the cross-sectional shape of the formed water absorbent bowl is a rectangle.

  Cutting blades 21a and 22a are provided on the front sides of the front cutters 21 and 22, respectively. The cutting blades 21a and 22a are inclined obliquely downward and rearward at an angle θ1 of 45 ° or less with respect to the vertical direction. Preferably, the angle θ1 is about 30 °. In clay soil that requires drainage improvement, when the subsoil is cut by the front cutters 21 and 22, the destruction region (soil crushing portion that affects other than the cutting part) is upward from the lower end of the front cutter. It is known that it spreads at 0 to 30 ° corresponding to the internal friction angle. In the present invention, it is important for the front cutters 21 and 22 to plastically cut the soil, and it is desirable not to destroy or disturb the soil other than the cut portion. This is necessary in order to construct a water tank having a desired shape and high shape maintenance performance. Therefore, the angle θ1 of the front cutter is set within a range of 0 to 45 degrees that is equal to or greater than the internal friction angle so that soil crushing does not occur. Thereby, the soil crushing which generate | occur | produces ahead from the front cutters 21 and 22 lower end can be suppressed. A pair of front cutters 21 and 22 cut | disconnect only the soil of the position corresponding to the both-sides wall surface of the target water tank while progressing in the object soil.

  Preferably, each of the cutting blades 21 a and 22 a is processed into a linear shape or a wave shape along the length direction of the cutters 21 and 22. Preferably, the wave shape is a shape in which a semicircle is repeated. This also reduces the friction between the front cutters 21 and 22 and the soil, and prevents the destruction of the soil other than the cut portion.

  The front end of the plate-shaped earth discharging member 24 is attached to the lower ends of the front cutters 21 and 22. The soil removal member 24 extends obliquely upward and rearward from the front end thereof. Then, the rear end of the soil removal member 24 reaches the position of the ceiling surface of the target water trough. The soil removal member 24 has a width extending between both side walls of the target water trough in the entire longitudinal direction. Preferably, the front half of the soil removal member 24 extends obliquely upward and rearward from the front to the rear, and the rear half extends substantially parallel to the ground surface. More preferably, the inclination angle of the front half with respect to the traveling direction is 45 to 60 degrees. When the first water trough forming attachment 20 advances in the target soil, the lump existing between the cutting points by the front cutters 21 and 22 slides up and scoops up on the surface of the soil removal member 24 provided immediately behind. It is done. As a result, the earth lump placed on the soil removal member 24 is pushed up to the height of the rear end of the soil removal member 24.

  The soil removal member 24 includes, for example, a soil lifting plate 24a having an appropriate thickness as a skeleton, a reinforcing plate 24b attached in a layered manner to the entire lower surface of the soil lifting plate 24a, and an appropriate surface of the soil lifting plate 24a. It is comprised from the friction reduction board 24c affixed on the location in layers. The reinforcing plate 24b supports and reinforces the entire soil discharging member 24. The friction reducing plate 24c reduces friction between the soil mass and the soil discharging member 24 by preventing the adhesion of the soil mass. As a result, the soil mass smoothly slides up on the soil removal member 24.

  Furthermore, one rear cutter 23 is provided behind the front cutter. The rear cutter 23 is provided at a position corresponding to the center between both side wall surfaces of the target water trough. The upper end of the rear cutter 23 is attached to the mounting rod 14 a, and the lower end is attached to the rear end of the soil removal member 24. When the first water trough forming attachment 20 advances in the target soil, the soil block cut by the front cutters 21 and 22 and pushed up by the soil removal member 24 is vertically divided into two by the rear cutter 23. At this time, the left and right soil blocks divided into two are pressed laterally outward by the thickness of the rear cutter 23 and compressed and fixed. This can increase the hardness of the soil mass above the water tank and contribute to the improvement of the shape maintenance performance of the water tank.

  Furthermore, a crust molding tool 26 is provided on the rear surface side of the lower end of the rear cutter 23 and in the vicinity of the rear end of the soil removal member 24. The earthen forming tool 26 has a shape in which the central portion protrudes upward along the traveling direction. Therefore, when the 1st water trough formation attachment 20 advances in the object soil, the crust molding tool 26 compresses by pressing a clot upward or diagonally upward centering on the cutting | disconnection location by the back cutter 23. FIG. As a result, a high-hardness earthen block is formed at the position of the ceiling surface of the target water absorption trough. The earthen block greatly contributes to the improvement of the shape maintenance performance of the water tank. In this way, a durable water absorber is formed by the first water absorber forming attachment 20.

  FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view showing the pair of front cutters 21 and 22 of the first water trough forming attachment 20 shown in FIG. 4B in more detail. FIG. 4C (a) is an AA enlarged sectional view of FIG. 4B. Each cutting blade 21a, 22a of a pair of front cutters 21, 22 has a taper. In the example of FIG. 4C (a), both sides are tapered. FIG. 4C (b) is an AA enlarged sectional view of another embodiment. In the case of FIG. 4C (b), the cutting blades 21a and 22a are tapered in different directions. However, the direction of the taper may be any. Thus, it is possible to prevent fine soil crushing in the traveling direction and the side surface direction by tapering the cutting blades 21a and 22a.

  Note that, similarly to the taper of the cutting blades 21a and 22a of the front cutter, it is preferable that the cutting blade 23a of the rear cutter 23 is also tapered. Therefore, soil crushing can also be suppressed when the rear cutter 23 divides the soil mass pushed up by the soil removal member 24 into two. Thereby, the molding (compression) process of a crust block can be performed as a clot divided into two equally.

  FIG. 4C (c) is a diagram showing another embodiment of the front cutters 21 and 22. As shown in FIG. The front cutters 21 and 22 are erected in parallel with each other, but the positions of the cutting blades 21a and 22a are not necessarily aligned in the horizontal direction. As illustrated, the distance may be shifted by an appropriate distance ΔL within the range of the width of the front cutters 21 and 22.

  In addition, in another Example of the 1st water tank forming attachment 20, you may comprise so that the space | interval of a pair of front cutters 21 and 22 may become narrow gradually toward the downward direction from upper direction. The width of the soil removal member 24 is also adapted to the distance between the pair of front cutters 21 and 22 and expands toward the rear. In this case, the cross-sectional shape of the water absorbent formed is not a rectangle but an inverted trapezoid.

  FIG. 4D is a view showing the earth capping tool 26 of the first water trough forming attachment 20 shown in FIG. 4B in more detail. FIG. 4D (a) is a perspective view showing a mounting portion of the earthen forming tool 26. FIG. 4D (b) is also a top view, and FIG. 4D (c) is also a rear view. The earthen forming tool 26 is mounted on the surface side near the rear end of the soil removal member 24 and on the rear side of the lower end of the rear cutter 23. The earthen molding tool 26 includes a convex portion 26a that protrudes upward at the center in the width direction. This convex part 26a has the function which compresses and fixes the surrounding soil of the position of the ceiling surface of the target water absorption jar upward or diagonally upward. In the illustrated example, the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the traveling direction of the crust molding tool 26 is a triangle as shown in the rear view. The shape of the ceiling surface of the target water trough is determined by the cross-sectional shape of the earthen molding tool 26. The cross-sectional shape of the earthen forming tool 26 is not limited to the illustrated triangle, and may be a semicircular shape, a semielliptical shape, or the like. Any so-called arch type is included.

  FIG. 5 is a partially cutaway perspective sectional view showing in detail the construction status of the first water trough construction apparatus 1A. The mounting rod 14a of the support frame pulled by a towing vehicle (not shown) is mounted with a first water tank forming attachment. By being towed, the first water tank forming attachment 20 advances in the target soil. In the following, a water bottle construction method performed by the first water bottle formation attachment 20 while proceeding through the target soil will be described.

  The cutting blades 21a and 22a of the pair of front cutters 21 and 22 cut the target soil in the vertical direction. This cut portion corresponds to the position of the both side wall surfaces 62a of the target water trough 62. The cutting blades 21a and 22a have an inclination angle θ1 within a range of 0 to 45 degrees obliquely downward and rearward with respect to the vertical direction, preferably 30 degrees. More preferably, it is formed into a wave shape and is tapered, thereby suppressing soil crushing other than the cut portion. As a result, the lump 61 having plasticity can be cut out from the front target soil. The earth lump 61 has a vertically long rectangular parallelepiped block shape. This means that both side wall surfaces 62a of the water absorbing jar 62 are formed in a state where no soil crushing occurs, that is, in a state without disturbance. As a result, it contributes to the improvement of the shape maintenance performance of the water-absorbing bowl of the present invention.

  Subsequent to the cutting by the cutting blades 21a and 22a, the entire cut out lump 61 is scooped up on the soil removal member 24 and pushed up to the position of the ceiling surface 62c of the target water suction rod 62. Strictly speaking, since the earthen block 63a is not yet molded at this point, the position is slightly lower than the position of the final ceiling surface 62c. When the clot 61 is pushed up, the upper end portion of the clot 61 protrudes from the ground surface 60a by that amount.

  The lump 61 pushed up by the soil removal member 24 is continuously divided into two halves by the rear cutter 23 to become left and right lumps 61a and 61a. The left and right soil blocks 61a and 61a are pressed to the left and right by the thickness of the rear cutter 23 and embedded in the soil on both sides. This also enhances the shape maintaining performance of the water tank.

  Subsequently, the earthen forming tool 26 provided on the rear side of the rear cutter 23 presses the lower-end central portion of the two divided earth blocks 61a and 61a. As a result, the left and right soil blocks 61a and 61a are pressed upward or obliquely upward, and as a result, they are pressed more strongly against the left and right soils. At the same time, the lower ends of the earth blocks 61a and 61a are compression-molded into the same shape as the shape of the earthen forming tool 26. In this way, a high-hardness earthen block 63a is formed on the ceiling surface 62c of the water absorption rod 62.

  On the other hand, the upper end portions of the earth blocks 61a and 61a protruding from the ground surface fall down in the left and right directions on the ground surface 60a due to the force of pushing the back cutter 23 to the left and right and the own weight. The clot that has fallen on the ground surface 60a does not return to the ground again. As a result, the upper load applied to the earthen block 63 of the water absorption pad decreases. Thus, the construction is completed.

  As described above, in the water absorption dredge construction method using the first water dredging dredge apparatus, water is absorbed by excavating the target soil to eliminate excess soil, forming a sealed groove, and molding a crust block on the ceiling surface. Complete the kite. This water absorption pad is in the same state as a groove-like cavity is cut out in the target soil. Therefore, there is no pushing back by earth pressure compared with the case of forming a sealed groove only by compressing the soil as in a conventional bullet culvert. Moreover, since a high-hardness earthen | crust block is formed in the ceiling surface of a water absorption trough, it is strong also to the load from upper part, and can prevent the collapse of soil. As a result, the sealing groove of the water-absorbing bowl of the present invention is excellent in durability and can exhibit a drainage function over a long period of time.

  FIG. 6 is a cut-away cross-sectional view of the target soil schematically showing the situation where the water tank is constructed using the first water tank construction device. Usually, the water ridge is constructed in the subsoil of the soil 80. In the construction method of the present invention, for example, first, as shown in FIG. 6, the water tank 62-1 is constructed starting from the side wall slope of the drainage channel 71, and the water tank 62-2 is constructed so as to cross this. it can. As a result, water-absorbing rods 62-1 and 62-2 crossing the cross are constructed.

  Moreover, since the water tank 62 does not use material, construction is completed only by pulling the above-mentioned first water tank construction device. Thus, since it can be constructed simply and quickly, the wiring direction of each of the one or more water-absorbing rods and the interval between them can be freely designed. In addition, not only a straight line but also a curved line and a meandering line are possible. As an example, a plurality of water troughs 62 can be constructed in parallel in the same direction starting from the drainage channel 71. As another example, it is also possible to construct one water tank 62 first from the drainage channel 71 and branch one or more other water tanks 62 from the middle of the one water tank 62. it can. Thus, it can respond to various construction designs.

  Moreover, when the existing drainage improvement equipment exists, for example, when the culvert drain pipe 73 or the like has already been installed, there is a risk of damaging the existing equipment if the water suction tank 62 of the present invention is constructed at a normal position. Therefore, avoiding these existing facilities is one of the construction conditions. As described with reference to FIG. 4, the first water trough construction apparatus of the present invention can change the height of the first water trough forming attachment by changing the height of the support frame. This means that the position of the bottom surface of the water tank to be formed can be adjusted. As a result, the water absorption tub 62 'is formed at a position higher than the culvert drain pipe 73 or the like, that is, a shallow layer in the target soil, and the culvert drain pipe 73 or the like is prevented from being damaged.

  The water absorption rod 62 of the present invention is a vertically long sealed groove, and the ceiling surface reaches a relatively shallow layer in the target soil. Therefore, the entire water absorption cage 62 can be a water absorption, water collection, and water flow space. This means that it has excellent drainage and water permeability equivalent to underdrainage using a hydrophobic material. Even if the mud deposit 74 accumulates in the water-absorbing rod 62, the water-absorbing rod 62 of the present invention is not a narrow water-flowing space like the conventional underdrain drainage pipe 73, and thus does not impede water flow.

(3) Second water tank construction device and its construction method The second water tank construction device and its construction method will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 7 shows a combination of the support frame 10 shown in FIG. 1, the second water trough forming attachment 30, any of the first to fifth earthen forming tools 36 a to 36 e, and the backfill plate 35. It is the whole 2nd water tank construction apparatus 1B comprised, and it is a whole side view. The second water trough forming attachment 30 is mounted so as to be located below the rear half of the support frame 10. In FIG. 7, the first earthen molding tool 36a is attached.

  In order to describe the outline of the second water trough construction apparatus 1B and its construction method, reference is made to FIG. FIG. 8 is a schematic side view showing a construction situation in which a water tank is formed in the target soil 60 by the second water tank construction device 1B. The target soil 60 is shown in cross section. The support frame 10 is pulled on the ground surface 60 a by being connected to the rear of the towing vehicle 40. The connecting portions 11 a and 11 b at the front end of the support frame 10 are connected and fixed to a connecting link 41 provided at the rear of the towing vehicle 40. The mounting rod 14a is connected via a connection link 12a extending rearward from the coupling portions 11a and 11b. A first water tank forming attachment 20 is attached to the lower side of the mounting rod 14a. The mounting rod 14a is a rod that extends horizontally along the traveling direction. In addition, about the structure of the tow vehicle 40 and the support frame 10, it is the same as the case where the above-mentioned 1st water tank construction apparatus 1A is used.

  When the support frame 10 is pulled in the traveling direction, the second water trough forming attachment 30 proceeds in the target soil 60. In FIG. 8, the target water trough has not yet been formed in the target soil 60 on the front side of the second water trough forming attachment 30. On the other hand, in the target soil 60 on the rear side of the second water tank forming attachment 30, the water tank 62 has already been formed. The second water trough forming attachment 30 includes a pair of front cutters 31 and 32 (only one 31 is shown) having a cutting blade on the front side. When the 2nd water trough formation attachment 30 advances, a pair of front cutters 31 and 32 cut | disconnect the object soil 60 to a perpendicular direction. The cutting depth is a distance to reach the position of the bottom surface 62b of the target water trough 62. In addition, about the structure of a front cutter, it is common with the above-mentioned 1st water tank formation attachment 20. As shown in FIG.

  A plate-like soil removal member 34 extends obliquely upward and rearward from the lower ends of the front cutters 31, 32 of the second water trough forming attachment 30. The soil removal member 34 is between the pair of front cutters 31, 32. It scoops up and pushes up the earth lump 61 existing in (see arrow S2). Since the rear end of the soil removal member 34 has reached the ground surface 60a, the lump 61 scooped up by the soil removal member 34 is pushed up to the ground surface 60a and is once completely discharged to the ground surface 60a. When the earth lump 61 is completely discharged, an open groove opened in the ground surface 60a is formed. Thus, in the second water trough construction device, as a stage before completing the water trough, which is a sealed groove having a ceiling surface, an open groove surrounded by both side walls and the bottom surface and opened to the ground surface is formed.

  In the illustrated example, the second water trough forming attachment 30 is provided with a first earthen forming tool 36 a on the rear surface side of the soil removal member 34. The earthen forming tool 36 is provided almost at the position of the ceiling surface of the target water trough 62. The earthen forming tool 36 cuts the surrounding soil in the vicinity of the ceiling surface 62c of the target water trough 62 with an appropriate cross-sectional shape with respect to the formed open groove, and moves or compresses while passing the cut surrounding soil. Thus, the earthen block 63a is molded. A part of the lower surface of the clay block 63a forms a ceiling surface 62c of the target water trough 62. Since the earth block 63a is compressed, it has high hardness. Thereby, the shape maintenance performance of the water absorption tank 62 is ensured.

  8 is suitable for soft peat soil or soft and clayey clay soil.

  FIG. 9A is a side view showing a more detailed structure of the support frame 10. The support frame 10 is the same as that shown in FIG. In addition, when the 2nd water absorbing rod formation attachment 30 is selected, the rear end of the earth discharging member 34 of the 2nd water absorbing rod formation attachment 30 is attached with respect to the attaching part 15c of the mounting rod 14a. Further, the backfill plate 35 is attached to the attachment portion 15d of the mounting rod 14a.

  FIG. 9B is a perspective view showing a more detailed structure of the second water trough forming attachment 30. The second water trough forming attachment 30 includes a pair of front cutters 31 and 32 that are spaced apart from each other. The upper ends of each of the front cutters 31 and 32 are mounted on the mounting rod 14a (shown by a broken line) of the support frame described above. The lower ends of the front cutters 31 and 32 are set so as to reach the position of the bottom surface of the target water trough. The side surfaces of the front cutters 31 and 32 are each in a vertical plane, and the side surfaces are parallel to each other. The space | interval of the front cutters 31 and 32 is set so that it may correspond to the width | variety of the target water tank. In this case, the cross-sectional shape of the formed water absorbent bowl is a rectangle.

  Cutting blades 31a and 32a are provided on the front sides of the front cutters 31 and 32, respectively. The cutting blades 31a and 32a are inclined obliquely downward and rearward at an angle θ1 of 45 ° or less with respect to the vertical direction. Preferably, the angle θ1 is about 30 °. About this angle (theta) 1, it is provided in order not to generate | occur | produce soil crushing except a cutting location similarly to the front cutter in the above-mentioned 1st water trough formation attachment. A pair of front cutters 31 and 32 cut | disconnect only the soil of the position corresponding to the both-sides wall surface of the target water trough, advancing in the object soil.

  Similarly to the front cutter in the first water trough forming attachment described above, each of the cutting blades 31a and 32a is preferably processed into a linear shape or a wave shape along the length direction of the cutters 31 and 32. Preferably, the wave shape is a shape in which a semicircle is repeated. This also reduces the friction between the front cutters 31 and 32 and the soil, and prevents the destruction of the soil other than the cut portion. In addition, each Example of the front cutter demonstrated with reference to FIG. 4C in the above-mentioned 1st water tank forming attachment is applicable also to the front cutters 31 and 32 in the 2nd water tank forming attachment 30. FIG.

  Furthermore, the front end of the plate-shaped earth discharging member 34 is attached to the lower ends of the front cutters 31 and 32. The soil removal member 34 extends obliquely upward and rearward from the front end thereof. The rear end of the soil removal member 34 reaches the ground surface and is attached to the mounting rod 14a. Preferably, the average inclination angle with respect to the traveling direction of the soil removal member 34 is 45 to 60 degrees. The soil removal member 34 includes, for example, a soil push-up plate 34a having an appropriate thickness as a skeleton, a reinforcing member 34b provided along the longitudinal direction at the center in the width direction on the rear surface side, and the surface of the soil push-up plate 34a. And a friction reducing plate 34c attached in layers. The reinforcing member 34b is erected from the rear surface of the soil lifting plate 34a, and both surfaces thereof are in a vertical plane. The reinforcing member 34b is provided with a plurality of earthen forming tool attachment portions 34d along the longitudinal direction. Specifically, the earth covering tool attaching portion 34d is a pin or bolt attachment hole or the like. The mounting position of the earthen forming tool 36 can be adjusted by the plurality of earthen forming tool attachment portions 34d. The friction reducing plate 34c is for preventing the soil from adhering to the soil removal member 34, and for scooping up and pushing up the soil mass smoothly.

  More preferably, a twisted portion 34a1 is formed in the latter half of the soil removal member 34, more specifically, in the latter half of the soil lifting plate 34a. In the twisted portion 34a1, one side edge is gradually higher than the other side edge from the front to the rear. Here, the twist of the latter half part of the soil removal member 34 is demonstrated in detail, referring FIG. 9C.

  FIGS. 9C (a) to 9 (e) are views of the soil removal member 34 as viewed from the left side, top surface, bottom surface, front surface, and rear surface, respectively. As shown in the left side view of FIG. 9C (a), a twisted portion 34a1 is provided in the rear half (the twist direction is indicated by an arrow). However, as shown in FIGS. 9C (d) to 9 (e), the width W0 when the soil removal member 34 is projected in a horizontal plane or a vertical plane is constant over the entire longitudinal direction. That is, the soil removal member 34 maintains the width between both side wall surfaces of the target water trough also in the twisted portion 34a1.

  FIGS. 9F to 9H are diagrams schematically showing a BB enlarged section, a CC enlarged section, and a DD enlarged section in the top view of FIG. 9B, respectively. In the first half of the soil lifting plate 34a, both edges in the width direction are horizontal as shown in FIG. 9 (f), but in the latter half, one side edge in the width direction is the other as shown in FIG. 9 (g). A slope that is higher than the side edge of is attached. Further, as shown in FIG. 9 (h), the inclination increases as going backward. Preferably, the torsion angle θ2 of the torsion part 34a1 is set so that the inclination from one side edge to the other side edge at the ground surface position is 45 degrees with respect to the horizontal. However, as shown in FIG. 9 (h), the width W0 of the soil lifting plate 34a in the horizontal direction is constant. Therefore, the actual width W1 of the soil push-up plate 34a in the inclination direction is increased toward the rear.

  Reference is again made to FIG. An earthen forming tool 36 is attached to the earthen forming tool attaching portion 34d provided on the rear surface side of the earth discharging member 34. The earthen forming tool 36 is selected from several types according to soil conditions and the like, which will be described in detail later.

  Further, the backfill plate 35 is mounted on the rear end of the mounting rod 14a. The front surface 35a of the backfill plate 35 is a concave surface as shown. The back-filling plate 35 is attached not to the axis of the mounting rod 14a but to the side to which the inclined surface of the twisted portion 34a1 of the soil removal member 34 faces. Further, the front surface 35a of the backfill plate 35 does not face forward in the traveling direction, and is inclined toward the shaft side of the mounting rod 14a. The attachment portion 15d is provided with a plurality of attachment holes such as pins or bolts in the vertical direction so that the attachment height of the backfill plate 35 can be adjusted.

  In another embodiment of the second water trough attachment 30, the distance between the pair of front cutters 31, 32 may be gradually reduced from the upper side to the lower side. Also about the width | variety of the soil removal member 34, it adapts to the space | interval of a pair of front cutters 31 and 32, and is expanded as it goes back. In this case, the cross-sectional shape of the water absorbent formed is not a rectangle but an inverted trapezoid.

  FIG. 10 is a partially cutaway perspective sectional view showing in detail the construction status of the second water trough construction apparatus 1B. However, in FIG. 10, the earthen forming tool 36 and its function shown in FIG. 9B are omitted. Therefore, unlike the actual construction, the ceiling surface of the water absorption trough 62 is not formed and is shown in an open groove state. The earth covering molding tool 36 and its function will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 11A to 15.

  The mounting rod 14a of the support frame pulled by a towing vehicle (not shown) is mounted with a second water tank forming attachment. By being towed, the second water tank forming attachment 30 advances in the target soil. Hereinafter, a part of the water tank construction method performed by the second water tank formation attachment 30 while proceeding in the target soil will be described.

  The cutting blades 31a and 32a of the pair of front cutters 31 and 32 cut the target soil in the vertical direction. This cut portion corresponds to the positions of the both side wall surfaces 62a and 62a 'of the target water trough 62. The cutting blades 31a and 32a have an inclination angle θ1 within a range of 0 to 45 degrees obliquely downward and rearward with respect to the vertical direction, preferably 30 degrees. More preferably, soil crushing other than the cut portion is suppressed by being formed into a wave shape and tapered. As a result, the lump 61 having plasticity can be cut out from the front target soil. The earth lump 61 has a vertically long rectangular parallelepiped block shape. This means that both side wall surfaces 62a and 62a 'of the water tank 62 are formed in a state where no soil crushing occurs, that is, a state where there is no disturbance. As a result, it contributes to the improvement of the shape maintenance performance of the water-absorbing bowl of the present invention.

  Following the cutting by the cutting blades 31a and 32a, the entire cut out mass 61 is scooped up on the soil removal member 34, slid up diagonally upward and rearward on the soil removal member 34, and pushed up to the ground surface 60a. In the course of this sliding, the mass 61 gradually tilts in correspondence with the twisted portion 34a1 of the soil removal member 34. The clot 61 falls to the ground surface 60a on the side where the inclined surface of the torsion part 34a1 faces due to the inclination and the own weight of the torsion part 34a1. The fallen clot 61b does not fall into the open groove again.

  In this way, the soil removal member 34 of the second water trough forming attachment 30 forms an open groove by pushing up the soil mass 61 to the ground surface and discharging it. Accordingly, there is no pushing back against the open groove due to earth pressure, and the shape is stably maintained.

  Although omitted in FIG. 10, in practice, the earth removal member 34 forms an open groove, while the earthen forming tool attached to the rear surface of the earth removal member 34 quickly uses the soil surrounding the open groove. The lid block is molded to form the ceiling surface of the target water-absorbing bowl 62.

  As shown in FIG. 1, in the second water trough construction apparatus, any one of several types of earthen forming tools 36 a to 36 e is selected and used depending on the structure of the soil layer and its properties. For example, when a peat layer is present at the position of the earthen forming tool in the target ground, the fifth earthen forming tool 36e is suitable if the peat layer has a high water content ratio. On the other hand, if the peat layer has a low water content, the first or fourth earthen forming tools 36a and 36d are suitable. Further, when the peat is composed of intermediate peat and higher peat, all types of earthen forming tools 36a to 36e can be applied.

  In addition, when the clay soil is present at the position of the earthen forming tool in the target ground, the second, third, or fifth earthen forming tools 36b, 36c, 36e if the clay soil is highly adhesive. Is preferred. The first or fourth earthen forming tool 36a, 36d is suitable if it is medium adhesive.

Hereinafter, each earthen forming tool will be sequentially described.
FIG. 11A is a partial perspective view schematically showing a construction status by the first earthen molding tool 36a and the earthing part 63 to be formed. The first earthen forming tool 36a is attached to the earthen forming tool attaching part 34d on the auxiliary member 34b provided on the rear surface side of the earth discharging member 34. The attachment portion 36a5 erected perpendicularly to the upper surface of the first earthen molding tool 36a is made of, for example, a pair of flat plates, and is provided with a pin or bolt through hole. The pair of flat plates sandwiches the earthen molding tool mounting portion 34d on the auxiliary member 34b. And it fixes with the pin or the volt | bolt in the clamped state. The mounting height of the first earthen forming tool 36a is set at the position of the ceiling surface of the target water trough 62. This mounting height is adjustable.

  As described with reference to FIG. 10, an open ditch is formed in the target soil by the advancement of the soil removal member 34. The width of the open groove is equivalent to the width of the target water absorption rod 62.

  The first earthen forming tool 36a forms the earthen part 63 using the surrounding soil of the open groove (that is, the surrounding soil on both side walls of the open groove here). The earth cover 63 includes an earth block 63a obtained by cutting and compressing the surrounding soil, and a cut cavity 63b generated thereby. A part of the lower surface of the earthen block 63a becomes the ceiling surface 63c of the target water trough 62.

  In order to form such a lid portion 63, the first clay molding tool 63 a includes a front blade 36 a 1 that cuts the surrounding soil at the position of the ceiling surface of the target water trough 62. The shape of the front blade 36a1 includes a horizontal portion and portions extending downward from both ends thereof. The interval between the portions extending downward is wider than the width of the open groove. Therefore, the front blade 36a1 protrudes outward from both side walls of the open groove.

  The surrounding soil cut out by the front blade 36a1 is passed through the space surrounded by the pressing plate 36a2 extending backward from the front blade 36a1. The front end of the pressing plate 36a2 is the front blade 36a1, and the roundness of the corners on both sides increases as it goes rearward. That is, the cross-sectional area of the space surrounded by the pressing plate 36a2 is reduced as it goes rearward. As a result, the surrounding soil passing through the pressing plate 36a2 is gradually pressed toward the center and compressed. Finally, it is compression molded into an arch shape of a rear molding end 36a3 which is the rear end of the pressing plate 36a2. Thus, the rear molding end 36a3 defines the final shape of the earthen block 63a.

  On the other hand, an upward convex semi-cylindrical or semi-elliptical cylindrical lower support plate 36a4 is provided below the pressing plate 36a2. The lower support plate 36a4 supports the surrounding soil pressed by the pressing plate 36a2 from below. By this lower support plate 36a4, a ceiling surface 62c of the water absorbing rod 62 is formed.

  The earthen block 63a of the earthing part 63 formed in this way becomes a ceiling surface 62c of the water absorbing jar 62 which is compressed and has high hardness and excellent shape maintenance performance. The degree of compression of the surrounding soil can be evaluated by the volume obtained by multiplying the difference between the areas surrounded by the front blade 36a1 and the rear molding end 36a3 by the moving distance in the traveling direction, that is, the volume of the cut cavity 63b. That is, the surrounding soil is compressed by the volume of the cut cavity 63b. The arch shape also contributes to mechanical stability. In addition, as will be described later, when the upper open space 64 left above the earth covering portion 63 is backfilled, it does not collapse, and supports the load of the earth lump to be backfilled to secure the sealing groove of the water suction rod 62. .

  FIG. 11B is a diagram showing in detail the structure of the first earthen molding tool 36a. FIG. 11A is a perspective view, and FIG. 11B is a front, rear, top, bottom, right side, and left side view shown in FIG. 11A.

  FIG. 12A is a partial perspective view schematically showing a construction situation by the second earthen forming tool 36b and the earthing part 63 to be formed. The attachment portion 36b5 to the soil removal member 34 is the same as the first earthen molding tool 36a described above. The front blade 36b1 of the second lid forming tool 36b includes a portion that extends horizontally outward from the one side wall surface 62a of the open groove and a portion that extends downward from the tip. By this front blade 36b1, the surrounding soil of the square cross section which exists outside from one side wall surface 62a is cut out. The pressing plate 36b2 extending rearward from the front blade 36b1 has an upper surface and one side surface. The upper surface of the pressing plate 36b2 is a substantially rhombus that inclines toward the open groove as it goes backward, and its side surface is also a triangle that inclines toward the open groove as it goes backward.

  The surrounding soil passing through the pressing plate 36b2 is finally brought to the other wall surface 62a 'of the open groove, and becomes a clay block 63a having a shape as illustrated. Also in this case, the earthen block 63a is compressed by the volume of the cutout cavity 63b.

  FIG. 12B is a diagram showing in detail the structure of the second earthen forming tool 36b. 12A is a perspective view, and FIG. 12B is a front view, a rear surface, a top surface, a bottom surface, a right side surface, and a left side view shown in FIG.

  FIG. 13A is a partial perspective view schematically showing a construction situation by the third earthen forming tool 36c and the earthing part 63 to be formed. The attachment portion 36b5 to the soil removal member 34 is the same as the above-described earthen forming tool 36a. The front blade 36c1 of the third lid forming tool 36c includes a portion that extends horizontally from the one side wall surface 62a of the open groove and a portion that extends obliquely downward from the tip thereof. With this front blade 36c1, the surrounding soil of the inverted trapezoidal cross section existing outside is cut out from the one side wall surface 62a. The pressing plate 36c2 extending rearward from the front blade 36c1 has an upper surface and one side surface. The upper surface of the pressing plate 36c2 is a substantially rhombus that inclines toward the open groove as it goes backward, and its side surface is also a triangle that inclines toward the open groove as it goes backward.

  The surrounding soil that passes through the pressing plate 36c2 is finally brought to the other wall surface 62a 'of the open groove to form a crust block 63a having a shape as illustrated. Also in this case, the earthen block 63a is compressed by the volume of the cutout cavity 63b.

  FIG. 13B is a diagram showing in detail the structure of the third earthen forming tool 36c. 12A is a perspective view, and FIG. 12B is a front view, a rear surface, a top surface, a bottom surface, a right side surface, and a left side view shown in FIG.

  FIG. 14A is a partial perspective view schematically showing a construction situation by the fourth earthen forming tool 36d and the earthing part 63 to be formed. The attachment part 36d5 to the soil removal member 34 is the same as the above-mentioned earthen forming tool 36a. The front blade 36d1 of the fourth earthen forming tool 36d includes a pair of upper and lower portions that extend horizontally from the one side wall surface 62a of the open groove and a vertical portion that connects the tips. The front blade 36d1 cuts out the surrounding soil of a horizontally long rectangular cross section existing outside from the one side wall surface 62a. The fourth earthen forming tool 36d includes a side protrusion 36d4 that protrudes outward from the other wall surface 62a '. This side protrusion 36d4 presses the other wall surface 62a 'outward, and slightly widens the width of the open groove of this portion, thereby forming the earth block embedding groove 63d. The pressing plate 36d2 extending rearward from the front blade 36d1 has an upper surface and both side surfaces. One side edge of the upper surface of the pressing plate 36d2 is inclined toward the open groove toward the rear. Further, the side surface of the pressing plate 36d2 is also inclined toward the open groove as it goes rearward.

  The surrounding soil passing through the inside of the pressing plate 36d2 is compressed while being moved horizontally, and finally is pushed into the earthen block embedding groove 63d formed on the other wall surface 62a 'of the open groove. And it becomes the earth block 63a of a shape like illustration. Also in this case, the earthen block 63a is compressed by the volume of the cutout cavity 63b.

  FIG. 14B is a diagram showing in detail the structure of the fourth earthen forming tool 36d. 14A is a perspective view, and FIG. 14B is a front, rear, top, bottom, right side, and left side view shown in FIG. 14A.

  According to the first to fourth earthen forming tools 36a to 36d described above, the purpose is to cut, move and / or compress the surrounding soil on both side wall surfaces of the open groove formed by the earth discharging member 34. The earthen block 63a is formed at the position of the ceiling surface of the water absorption rod 62. Thereby, it becomes the water absorption bowl 62 which is a sealing groove | channel.

  FIG. 15 is a partial perspective view schematically showing a construction situation by the fifth earthen forming tool 36e and a water trough 62 which is a formed sealing groove. The fifth earthen forming tool 36e is different from the earthen molds 36a to 36d described above in the method of forming the sealing groove. The attaching portion 36e5 to the soil removal member 34 is the same as the above-described earthen forming tool 36a. The front blade 36e1 of the fifth earthen forming tool 36e includes a portion that extends horizontally from the one side wall surface 62a of the open groove and a portion that extends downward from the tip of the open groove and reaches the position of the bottom surface of the water suction rod 62. The front blade 36e1 cuts out the surrounding soil of a vertically long rectangular cross section existing outside the one side wall surface 62a. The pressing plate 36e2 extending rearward from the front blade 36e1 has an upper surface and one side surface. One side edge of the upper surface of the pressing plate 36e2 is inclined toward the rear and reaches the other wall surface 62a 'of the open groove. The side surface of the pressing plate 36e2 is also inclined toward the open groove as it goes rearward, but does not reach the side wall surface 62a of the open groove.

  The surrounding soil passing through the inside of the pressing plate 36e2 is compressed while being moved horizontally, and finally pressed against the other wall surface 62a 'of the open groove to become a clay block 63a'. Then, the cut-out cavity 63b 'is formed as a new sealed groove. In this case, the new sealed groove becomes the water absorption rod 62. When the fifth earthen forming tool 36e is used, the original open groove formed by the earth discharging member 34 is closed by the horizontally moved earthen block 63a ', and the cut-out cavity 63b' serves as the water absorption rod 62. In this case, strictly speaking, it is not appropriate to refer to the “earth cover”, but it is referred to in this way for convenience.

  By selecting any one of the first to fifth earthen forming tools 36a to 36e according to the soil condition or the field condition, the earthing part 63 that is difficult to collapse in the target soil is formed.

  FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional perspective view schematically showing a backfilling process of the upper open space 64 left above the earth cover 63. In the backfilling of the upper open space 64, a backfilling process using the lump 61b that has been dumped and overlaid on the ground surface will be described. A backfill plate 35 is mounted on the rear end of the mounting rod 14a of the support frame of the second water trough construction apparatus 1B. The backfill plate 35 is located on the side where the overturned mass 61b exists, and its curved front surface is directed toward the upper open space 64. Therefore, with the progress of the second water trough construction apparatus 1B, the backfill plate 35 scrapes and drops a part of the mass 61b toward the upper open space 64. Thus, the construction is completed.

  As described above, in the water-absorbing construction method using the second water-absorbing construction apparatus, the target soil is excavated, the soil is removed, an open groove is formed, a crust block is molded at a position to be the ceiling surface, and the sealed groove is formed. After the formation, the water tank is completed by filling the upper open space. This water absorption pad is in the same state as a groove-like cavity is cut out in the target soil. Therefore, there is no pushing back by earth pressure compared with the case of forming a sealed groove only by compressing the soil as in a conventional bullet culvert. Moreover, since a high-hardness earthen | crust block is formed in the ceiling surface of a water absorption trough, it is strong also to the load from upper part, and can prevent the collapse of soil. As a result, the sealing groove of the water-absorbing bowl of the present invention is excellent in durability and can exhibit a drainage function over a long period of time.

  FIG. 17 is a cut-away cross-sectional view of the target soil schematically showing the situation where the water tank is constructed using the second water tank construction device. Usually, the water ridge is constructed in the subsoil of the soil 80. In the construction method of the present invention, for example, first, as shown in FIG. 17, the water tank 62-1 is constructed starting from the side wall slope of the drainage channel 71, and the water tank 62-2 is constructed so as to cross this. it can. As a result, water-absorbing rods 62-1 and 62-2 crossing the cross are constructed.

  Moreover, since the water tank 62 does not use materials, construction is completed only by pulling the above-mentioned second water tank construction device. Thus, since it can be constructed simply and quickly, the wiring direction of each of the one or more water-absorbing rods and the interval between them can be freely designed. In addition, not only a straight line but also a curved line and a meandering line are possible. As an example, a plurality of water troughs 62 can be constructed in parallel in the same direction starting from the drainage channel 71. As another example, it is also possible to construct one water tank 62 first from the drainage channel 71 and branch one or more other water tanks 62 from the middle of the one water tank 62. it can. Thus, it can respond to various construction designs.

  Moreover, when the existing drainage improvement equipment exists, for example, when the culvert drain pipe 73 or the like has already been installed, there is a possibility that the existing equipment may be damaged if the water suction tank 62 of the present invention is constructed at a normal position. Therefore, avoiding these existing facilities is one of the construction conditions. As described with reference to FIG. 4, the first water trough construction apparatus of the present invention can change the height of the first water trough forming attachment by changing the height of the support frame. This means that the position of the bottom surface of the water tank to be formed can be adjusted. As a result, the water-absorbing tub 62 'is formed at a position higher than the culvert drain pipe 73 or the like, that is, in a shallow layer in the target soil, and damage to the culvert drain pipe 73 or the like is avoided.

  Furthermore, the height of the ceiling surface of the water absorbing bowl can be changed by changing the mounting position of the earthen molding tool on the second water tank forming attachment. In this way, it is also possible to form a water absorption rod 62 ″ having a ceiling surface lower than usual.

  Since the water absorbing rod 62 of the present invention is a vertically long sealed groove, the ceiling surface reaches a relatively shallow layer in the target soil. Therefore, the entire water absorption cage 62 can be a water absorption, water collection, and water flow space. This means that it has excellent drainage and water permeability equivalent to underdrainage using a hydrophobic material. Even if the mud deposit 74 accumulates in the water-absorbing rod 62, the water-absorbing rod 62 of the present invention is not a narrow water-flowing space like the conventional underdrain drainage pipe 73, and thus does not impede water flow.

(4) Material water absorption dredge construction apparatus and dredging construction method FIG. 18 is a material water absorption dredge construction apparatus 1C constructed by combining the support frame 10 shown in FIG. 1 and the second water trough formation attachment 30. It is a schematic side view which shows the construction condition which forms the material water absorption pad 72 in the target soil 60 by. The target soil 60 is shown in cross section.

  The material water tank construction device 1 </ b> C is configured by mounting only the second water tank attachment 30 on the mounting rod 14 a of the support frame 10. Do not wear earthen molding tools or backfill plates.

  The construction status is as follows. When the support frame 10 is pulled in the traveling direction, the second water trough forming attachment 30 proceeds in the target soil 60. When the second water trough forming attachment 30 advances, the pair of front cutters 31 and 32 cut the target soil 60 in the vertical direction. The cutting depth is a distance to reach the position of the bottom surface of the target material water-absorbing trough 72.

  The soil removal member 34 scoops up a mass 61 existing between the pair of front cutters 31 and 32 and pushes it up to the ground surface. Since the tail of the soil removal member 34 has reached the ground surface 60a, the soil block 61 scooped up by the soil removal member 34 is pushed up to the ground surface 60a and completely discharged to the ground surface 60a. When the earth lump 61 is completely discharged, an open groove that is surrounded by both side wall surfaces and the bottom surface and opens to the ground surface is formed.

  The hydrophobic material 75 is put into this open groove and filled, thereby completing the construction of the material water-absorbing trough 72. The hydrophobic material 75 is a material with good water permeability. The charging may be performed by either a machine or human power.

  Examples of the present invention and comparative examples are shown below. For convenience of explanation, reference numerals used in the drawings may be used.

Table 1 shows the results of the test construction of the water tank by the water tank construction apparatus 1A and 1B of the present invention.
Soil condition: Surface corrosive gray plateau Test location: Hokkaido Kitami Agricultural Experiment Station grassland field in Kunikofu, Hokkaido

  Table 2 shows the setting conditions of each water tank construction device based on the design dimensions of the target water tank.

"Moldability of water-absorbing bowl (sealed groove)"
As a result of the construction test, both the water-absorbing dredging equipment 1A and 1B were able to properly construct the water-absorbing drought despite the tendency for the soil to become slightly coarse in the subsoil and the dense soil conditions. In particular, there was no soil crushing forward and side by a pair of front cutters, and cutting and excavation could be performed while suppressing crushing due to internal friction of soil. According to detailed observation, the angle θ1 of the front cutter functions to suppress the soil from above. In addition, since the cutting blade of the front cutter has a semicircular wavy shape, the soil was cut while being pushed down the semicircle of the cutting blade as the front cutter progressed. As a result, soil crushing did not occur. Further, the cut soil mass was pushed upward by the soil removal member without being rubbed on the both side walls of the water tank by being slightly compressed when passing between the pair of front cutters.

  Table 3 shows the shape of the constructed water tank. About the width of the water absorption trough, the actual dimension was 14 cm with respect to the design dimension of 15 cm of Table 2, and was almost as planned. The depth of the water tank (bottom of the bottom surface), the height of the water tank (the distance from the bottom surface to the ceiling surface), and the depth of backfilling were also appropriate.

"Moldability of rear cutter of 1st water tank construction device 1A"
The rear cutter of the first water trough construction apparatus 1A was divided into two in the vertical direction while keeping the soil block coming from the front downward, and was molded cleanly. The two divided soil blocks moved rearward so as to flow on the side surface of the rear cutter, and adhered and fixed to both side walls of the open groove. The adhesion of the two divided soil blocks to both side wall surfaces was particularly strong in the surface soil and the next layer soil having a lot of humus as shown in Table 1. At this time, it adhered so strongly that the boundary between the mass and the wall could not be distinguished. From this, it can be said that the construction method using the first water trough construction apparatus 1 </ b> A tends to have high suitability in the humus soil.

"Moldability of earth shape molding tools of each shape"
Table 4 shows the result of performing a construction test on each shape of the earthen molding tool attached to the second water trough construction apparatus 1B. About the 1st and 2nd earthen forming tools 36a and 36b, the result of the construction test in the peat soil field of Biei-shi, Hokkaido of the soil conditions shown in Table 5 is also added.

  In the solid and somewhat sticky gray plateau, the first and third earthen forming tools 36a and 36c were able to form the most beautiful earthen part. The fourth earthen forming tool 36d tends to have a large resistance in dense soil, but the earthen part can be molded. Although the 2nd and 5th earthen forming tools 36b and 36e were inferior to the 1st and 3rd earthen forming tools 36a and 36c, they were able to mold an earthen part without a problem.

  In the peat soil, the soil surrounding the peat was cut out by the first earthen forming tool 36a and passed through to form an arch-like earthen block. Even with the second earthen forming tool 36b, the earthen part could be molded without any problem.

  As a result of the above test construction, both the first water trough construction apparatus 1A and the second water trough construction apparatus 1B absorb water in the Hokkaido Kitami Agricultural Experiment Station grassland field having the soil conditions of the gray plateau shown in Table 1. I was able to build a kite.

"Construction efficiency"
The construction efficiency when properly constructed was 3.2 km per hour on average. This construction efficiency is equivalent to conventional subsoil crushing and bullet culverts. In addition, the construction efficiency is 10 to 20 times that of the construction efficiency of the backhoe excavation and the trencher excavation in which the open groove is formed in the construction of the conventional water-absorbing dredger.

  In order to evaluate the construction effect of the water-absorbing dredge construction apparatus of the present invention, the soil moisture distribution around the water-absorbing raft constructed in the ground of the field shown in Table 1 was measured. For the measurement, a soil moisture meter according to the TDR method was used and measured at intervals of 10 cm. FIG. 19 is a soil moisture distribution diagram showing the results. In addition, FIG. 20 is a graph showing a result of conducting a computer simulation analysis of water movement using the two-dimensional finite element method by Fortlan regarding water absorption around the water tank, and deriving a temporal change in soil moisture distribution by volume moisture content. It is.

  FIG. 19 shows the measurement results of the soil moisture distribution around the water tank when one week has passed since the rain. From this result, the flow of surplus water and the drying process of the soil were examined. The soil moisture distribution was low in moisture from the ground surface to the vicinity of the water absorption basin, and in the subsoil, the moisture content increased as the distance from the water absorption basin increased. From this, it was inferred that after surplus water due to rainfall saturated the entire soil layer, most of the surplus water in the soil near the water sink and near the water sink moved to the water sink. In addition, the water-absorbing jar of the present invention has an overwhelmingly large volume compared to conventional bullet culverts, so it was considered that the soil moisture around the water-absorbing jar tends to decrease over a wide range.

  According to the computer simulation analysis of FIG. 20, in the wastewater treatment by the water tank, drainage started from the vicinity of the water bottle at an early stage after the start of drainage, and the surface moisture tended to be drawn into the water tank. Moreover, since the volume of the water-absorbing bowl was large, it was revealed that the decrease in soil moisture clearly affected the entire soil layer. This tendency was conspicuous in the initial stage of drainage and appeared even after 192 hours had passed since the start of drainage. Since the state of this soil moisture distribution change is close to the actual soil moisture distribution shown in FIG. 19, it was determined that the actual drainage process of the water basin was also the result of the computer simulation analysis.

"Durability of water absorption"
The conventional bullet culvert is a construction method that penetrates a conical bullet and expands the soil to form a hole with a circular cross section, so the expanded hole becomes smaller due to earth pressure or pushback, and cracks created during construction There was a problem that collapsed. On the other hand, the water tank constructed by the water tank construction apparatus of the present invention is in the same state as the groove-shaped cavity is hollowed out in order to eliminate the generated excess soil. From the observation results of the water absorption pad of the example, it was confirmed that the soil compression is small, the soil is pushed back and cracks around the water pad are reduced, the shape of the sealed groove is easily maintained, and the durability is excellent.

[Comparative Example 1]
"Construction efficiency"
In the case of constructing a normal water-absorbing dredger, the excavation efficiency for excavating the open ditch is 140 m per hour for backhoe excavation and 240 m per hour for trencher excavation. This is an extremely low construction efficiency of 1/10 to 1/20 of the construction efficiency of the water trough construction apparatus of the present invention. From this comparison result, the construction efficiency of the water trough construction apparatus according to the present invention is high, and it is possible to cope with when urgent drainage improvement is required.

[Comparative Example 2]
In order to compare the water absorption around the water-absorbing pit of the present invention with the water absorption around the conventional bullet culvert, the computer simulation analysis of the water movement by the two-dimensional finite element method by Fortlan was similarly performed for the bullet culvert. The analysis result is shown in FIG. In the drainage treatment using bullet culverts, drainage is seen around the water passage hole after the start of drainage, but the range of influence is overwhelmingly narrow compared to the water-absorbing tank of the present invention shown in FIG. Did not catch up.
From the above, it is clear that the water-absorbing basin constructed according to the present invention can be expected to have a drainage effect more than the conventional bullet culvert or similar landslide culvert drainage because of its vertically long hollow shape and large volume. became.

It is the exploded view which showed roughly the construction method of the two types of water dam construction apparatus in this invention. It is a whole side view of the 1st water trough construction apparatus of this invention. It is a schematic side view which shows the construction condition which forms a water tank in target soil with a 1st water tank construction apparatus. It is a side view which shows the further detailed structure of the support frame shown in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the further detailed structure of a 1st water trough formation attachment. It is sectional drawing which shows further in detail the 1st water tank formation attachment pair of front cutter shown to FIG. 4B. (a) is an AA expanded sectional view of Drawing 4B. (b) is the same AA expanded sectional view in another Example. (c) is a figure which shows another Example of a front cutter. It is a figure which shows the earthwork molding tool of the 1st water tank forming attachment shown to FIG. 4B in detail. It is a partially cutaway perspective sectional view showing the construction status by the first water trough construction device in detail. It is a notch sectional view of object soil which shows typically the situation where a water tank was constructed using the 1st water tank construction apparatus. It is a whole side view of the 2nd water trough construction apparatus of this invention. It is a schematic side view which shows the construction condition which forms a water absorption pad in target soil with a 2nd water tank construction apparatus. It is a side view which shows the further detailed structure of a support frame. It is a perspective view which shows the further detailed structure of a 2nd water tank forming attachment. (a)-(e) is the figure which looked at the soil removal member 34 from the left side surface, the upper surface, the bottom surface, the front surface, and the rear surface, respectively. (f)-(h) is a figure which shows roughly the BB expanded cross section, CC expanded cross section, and DD expanded cross section in the top view of (b), respectively. It is a partially cutaway perspective sectional view showing the construction status by the second water trough construction device 1B in detail. It is a fragmentary perspective view which shows typically the 1st earthen forming tool and the earthen part formed by this. It is a figure which shows the structure of a 1st earthen forming tool in detail. It is a fragmentary perspective view which shows typically the 2nd earthen forming tool and the earthen part formed by this. It is a figure which shows the structure of a 2nd earthen forming tool in detail. It is a fragmentary perspective view which shows typically the 3rd earthen forming tool and the earthen lid part formed by this. It is a figure which shows the structure of a 3rd earthen forming tool in detail. It is a fragmentary perspective view which shows typically the 3rd earthen forming tool and the earthen lid part formed by this. It is a figure which shows the structure of a 4th earthen forming tool in detail. It is a fragmentary perspective view which shows typically the 5th lid molding tool and the lid part formed by this. It is a cross-sectional perspective view which shows typically the backfilling process of upper open space. It is a notch sectional view of object soil which shows typically the situation where a water tank was constructed using the 2nd water tank construction apparatus. It is a schematic side view which shows the construction condition which forms a material water absorption pad in object soil with a material water tank construction apparatus. It is sectional drawing of the soil which shows the drainage effect of the cutting excavation water absorption trough of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the soil which shows the drainage effect of the cutting excavation water absorption trough of this invention by computer simulation. It is sectional drawing of the soil which shows the drainage effect of a bullet culvert by computer simulation as a comparison of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1A 1st water tank construction apparatus 1B 2nd water tank construction apparatus 1C Material water tank construction apparatus 10 Support frame 11a, 11b Connection part 12a Upper connection link 12b, 12c Connection rod 12d Connection rod joint 12e Lower connection link 13a, 13b Installation Rod height adjusting hole 14a Mounting rod 14b, 14c Adjusting cylinder rod 14d Adjusting cylinder 15a Front cutter mounting portion 15b Rear cutter mounting portion 15c Soil discharging member mounting portion 15d Backfill plate mounting portion 20 First water absorbing rod forming attachment 21, 22 Front Cutter 21a, 22a Cutting blade 23 Back cutter 23a Cutting blade 24 Earth discharging member 24a Soil push-up plate 24b Reinforcement plate 24c Friction reduction plate 26 Earth cover molding tool 26a Convex portion 30 Second water-absorbing bowl forming attachment 31, 32 Front cutter 31a, 32a Front cutter blade portion 34 Earth removal member 34a Soil push-up plate 34a1 Twist portion 34b Reinforcement member 34c Friction reduction plate 34d Earth cover molding tool attachment part 35 Backfill plate 35a Front face 36 Earth cover molding tool 36a First earth cover molding tool 36a4 Lower support Plate 36b Second lid molding tool 36c Third clay molding tool 36d Fourth clay molding tool 36d4 Side projection 36e Fifth clay molding tool 36a1, 36b1, 36c1, 36d1, 36e1 Front blade 36a2, 36b2, 36c2, 36d2, 36e2 Press plate 36a3, 36b3, 36c3, 36d3, 36e3 Rear molded end portions 36a5, 36b5, 36c5, 36d5, 36e5 Attachment portion 40 Towing vehicle 41 Connection link 60 Target soil 60a Soil surface 61 Bulk mass 61a Vertically cut soil mass 61b Clots 62, 62 ', 62 " No material) Water absorption basin 62a, 62a 'Wall surface 62b Bottom surface 62c Ceiling surface 63 Earth cover 63a, 63a' Earth block 63b, 63b 'Cut cavity 63d Earth block embedding groove 64 Upper open space 71 Drain channel 72 Material material 73 Underground drainage pipe 74 Mud deposit 75 Hydrophobic material 80 Soil 81 Subsoil S1, S2 Pushing up the lump

Claims (21)

In the water-absorbing dredge construction device that forms the water-absorbing rod surrounded by the ceiling surface, both side walls, and the bottom surface in the target soil by being pulled by the tow truck and proceeding in the target soil,
(a) a support frame having a mounting rod connected to the rear of the towing vehicle and extending along the traveling direction;
(b) having a water ridge forming attachment that is detachably attached to the mounting rod of the support frame and that advances in the target soil as it is pulled by the towing vehicle, the water ridge forming attachment,
(b1) A pair of front cutters arranged to be separated from each other in order to cut the target soil corresponding to the positions of the both side wall surfaces while proceeding in the target soil, and the upper end of each front cutter is attached to the mounting rod A pair of front cutters mounted and having a lower end reaching the position of the bottom surface and having a cutting blade on the front side;
(b2) In order to form the both side wall surfaces and the bottom surface while proceeding in the target soil, it is plate-shaped and has a width extending between the both side wall surfaces, and the front end is attached to the lower ends of the pair of front cutters, A soil removal member extending obliquely upward and rearward from the front end, and a rear end reaching the position of the ceiling surface or the ground surface;
(b4) In order to form the ceiling surface while proceeding in the target soil, the ceiling surface is provided near the rear end or the rear surface side of the soil removal member, and becomes the ceiling surface by cutting, moving or compressing the surrounding soil. A water-absorbing dredge construction apparatus comprising a crust molding tool for molding a crust block.   2. The water trough construction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the cutting blades of the pair of front cutters is inclined at an angle of 45 ° or less obliquely downward and rearward with respect to the vertical direction.   2. The water trough construction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cutting blades of the pair of front cutters have a linear shape or a wave shape along a length direction of the cutter.   The water trough construction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a distance between the pair of front cutters gradually decreases from the upper side to the lower side. When the rear end of the soil removal member reaches the position of the ceiling surface, the earth lump existing above the position of the bottom surface can be pushed up to the position of the ceiling surface with the progress of the soil removal member. As well as
A rear cutter located at the center between the wall surfaces on both sides behind the pair of front cutters;
The rear cutter has an upper end mounted on the mounting rod, a lower end attached to the rear end of the soil removal member, and a cutting blade on the front side to divide the soil mass pushed up by the soil removal member into two The water trough construction apparatus according to claim 1, comprising:   6. The water trough construction apparatus according to claim 5, wherein in the soil removal member, a front half portion thereof extends obliquely upward and rearward from the front side to the rear side, and a rear half portion thereof extends substantially parallel to the ground surface.   The water trough construction apparatus according to claim 6, wherein an angle of the first half portion with respect to a traveling direction is 45 to 60 degrees. The water-absorbing-success apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the earthen molding tool includes a convex portion that compresses the surrounding soil at the position of the ceiling surface. When the rear end of the soil removal member reaches the ground surface and is attached to the mounting rod, the earth lump existing above the position of the bottom surface can be pushed up to the ground surface with the progress of the soil removal member. The water trough construction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:   The water trough construction apparatus according to claim 9, wherein an angle of the soil removal member with respect to a traveling direction is 45 to 60 degrees. 10. The water trough construction apparatus according to claim 9, wherein a twisted portion in which one side edge is gradually higher than the other side edge is formed in the rear half of the soil removal member from the front to the rear. . The water trough construction apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the twist angle of the twisted portion is 45 degrees with respect to the horizontal from the one side edge to the other side edge at the ground surface position. The earthen molding tool is
A front blade for cutting the surrounding soil at the position of the ceiling surface;
The water trough construction apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising at least a pressing plate that molds the crust block by moving or compressing the cut surrounding soil. The earthen molding tool is
The water trough construction apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising a rear molded end portion that defines a final shape of the earthing block. The earthen molding tool is
14. The water trough construction apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising a lower support plate that supports the surrounding soil compressed by the pressing plate from below. A backfill plate that is mounted on the mounting rod behind the mounting position of the soil removal member to the mounting rod, and backfills by moving the earth mass pushed up to the ground surface and dropping it on the crust block. The water trough construction apparatus according to claim 9. A pair of front cutters that are spaced apart from each other and have a cutting blade on the front side, a plate-like soil removal member that extends obliquely upward and rearward from the lower ends of the pair of front cutters, and the rear of the soil removal member A water-absorbing rod surrounded by a ceiling surface, both side walls, and a bottom surface by advancing a water-absorbing rod construction device provided in the vicinity of the end or on the rear surface side and having a crust molding tool for molding a crust block in the target soil. In the water-absorbing construction method to form in the target soil,
(a) a first step of cutting the target soil corresponding to the position of the both side wall surfaces by the pair of front cutters while traveling in the target soil;
(b) While proceeding in the target soil, by pushing up the lump existing above the lower end of the cut target soil to the position of the ceiling surface or the ground surface by the soil removal member, the both side walls and the bottom surface A second step to form;
(c) While traveling through the target soil, the surrounding soil located behind the pushed-up mass is cut, moved or compressed by the crust molding tool to mold the crust block, thereby forming the ceiling surface. And a third step of forming a water-absorbing dredge construction method. The water trough construction device further includes a rear cutter that is located at the center between the both side wall surfaces behind the pair of front cutters and includes a cutting blade on the front side, and the rear end of the soil removal member Extends to the position of the ceiling surface,
18. The water trough construction method according to claim 17, wherein, in the second step, the soil mass is pushed up to a position of the ceiling surface, and the pushed mass is divided into two by the rear cutter. The rear end of the soil removal member of the water dam construction device extends to the ground surface, and twists as much as possible so that one side edge gradually becomes higher than the other side edge as the latter half of the soil removal member moves from the front to the rear. When formed and the water trough construction device further has a backfill plate behind the earth discharging member,
In the second step, the soil block is pushed up to the ground surface, and the pushed-up soil block is laid down on the ground surface in a direction according to the twist of the soil removal member, and in the third step, the ceiling surface is formed. The method for constructing a water trough according to claim 17, wherein the backfilling is performed by moving the earth lump pushed up to the ground surface with the progress of the backfilling plate and dropping it on the cover block. In a water dam construction apparatus that excavates the space by being pulled by a towing vehicle and traveling through the target soil in order to form a water wick filled with a hydrophobic material in the space surrounded by both side walls and the bottom surface in the target soil. ,
(a) a support frame having a mounting rod connected to the rear of the towing vehicle and extending along the traveling direction;
(b) having a water ridge forming attachment that is detachably attached to the mounting rod of the support frame and that advances in the target soil as it is pulled by the towing vehicle, the water ridge forming attachment,
(b1) A pair of front cutters arranged to be separated from each other in order to cut the target soil corresponding to the positions of the both side wall surfaces while proceeding in the target soil, and the upper end of each front cutter is attached to the mounting rod A pair of front cutters mounted and having a lower end reaching the position of the bottom surface and having a cutting blade on the front side;
(b2) In order to form the both side wall surfaces and the bottom surface while proceeding in the target soil, it is plate-shaped and has a width extending between the both side wall surfaces, and the front end is attached to the lower ends of the pair of front cutters, A soil removal member extending obliquely upward and rearward from the front end to the ground surface and having a rear end mounted on the mounting rod;
A water-absorbing dredge construction apparatus, wherein a twist is formed such that one side edge gradually becomes higher than the other side edge as the latter half of the soil removal member moves from the front to the rear. A pair of front cutters spaced apart from each other in order to form in the target soil a water absorbent filled with a hydrophobic material in an open groove that is surrounded by both side walls and a bottom surface and is open to the ground surface, and the pair of front cutters A plate-like earth removing member extending obliquely upward and rearward from the lower end of the earth, and one side edge gradually becomes higher than the other side edge as the latter half of the earth removing member moves from the front to the rear. In the water-absorbing construction method for forming the open groove by advancing the water-absorbing construction apparatus in which the twist is formed in the target soil, and filling the open groove with the hydrophobic material,
(a) a first step of cutting the target soil corresponding to the position of the both side wall surfaces by the pair of front cutters while traveling in the target soil;
(b) While advancing in the target soil, the soil lump present above the lower end of the cut target soil is pushed up to the ground surface by the soil removal member, and the pushed soil mass is used for the twist of the soil removal member. A second step of forming the open groove surrounded by the both side wall surfaces and the bottom surface by lying down on the ground surface in the direction according to,
and (c) a third step of filling the open groove with a hydrophobic material.

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