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JP3873715B2 - Electrophotographic photoreceptor dip coating method and electrophotographic photoreceptor - Google Patents
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JP3873715B2 - Electrophotographic photoreceptor dip coating method and electrophotographic photoreceptor - Google Patents

Electrophotographic photoreceptor dip coating method and electrophotographic photoreceptor Download PDF

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JP3873715B2
JP3873715B2 JP2001340411A JP2001340411A JP3873715B2 JP 3873715 B2 JP3873715 B2 JP 3873715B2 JP 2001340411 A JP2001340411 A JP 2001340411A JP 2001340411 A JP2001340411 A JP 2001340411A JP 3873715 B2 JP3873715 B2 JP 3873715B2
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coating
coated
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photosensitive member
coating method
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JP2003140367A (en
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信昭 小林
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Konica Minolta Inc
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Konica Minolta Inc
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、被塗布物を塗布液中に浸漬し塗膜層を形成する浸漬塗布方法に関するもので、特に電子写真感光体(以下、単に感光体とも云う)の浸漬塗布方法と其れにより造られた電子写真感光体に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
被塗布物の外周面に均一な塗膜層を形成する方法としては浸漬塗布方法が好適であり、感光体の作製に広く用いられている。こうした浸漬塗布方法では、被塗布物を把持するため、把持部材の膨張、収縮可能なゴム部材(風船チャック)を収縮させた状態で被塗布物内部に挿入し、次いでこのゴム部材に空気を圧入し、膨張させ被塗布物の内壁に圧接、密着させて被塗布物を把持し、塗布液中に浸漬して塗布することが通常行われている。
【0003】
しかし、被塗布物を塗布液中に浸漬した際に、被塗布物の下端開口部から被塗布物内部に塗布液が侵入し被塗布物の内周面に塗布液が付着することを防ぐ必要があった。このため、把持装置を被塗布物に機密に嵌合して、その下端開口部を除いて、被塗布物内下部を気密状態に保持することが行われてきた。
【0004】
一方、塗布液用の溶媒としては、比較的低沸点で揮発性の高いものが通常用いられている。この様な揮発性の高い溶媒を用いて調製した塗布液中に被塗布物を浸漬すると、下端開口部の液面の溶媒が気化し、気化した溶媒蒸気が被塗布物内部の気体体積を大きくする。浸漬塗布中に被塗布物内部の気体体積が大きくなると被塗布物下端より大きくなった分の気体(溶媒を含む空気)が気泡として塗布液中に飛び出す。飛び出した気泡が被塗布物の外周面にそって塗布液表面に上昇すると、塗布液表面が乱れ、形成される塗膜層に塗布むらが発生し、均一性を損なう場合があった。
【0005】
こうした気泡の発生を防ぐために、被塗布物内の空気圧を調整する機能を有する把持機構による方法(抜気方法)が特開昭60−132678号公報、特開昭60−255164号公報、特開昭63−315167号公報に記載されている。
【0006】
しかし、この様な方法ではある程度気泡の発生は解決出来たが、塗膜層の細かい段むらの発生を防止することは出来ず、対応策としてなお不十分であった。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記問題点に鑑み提案されたものであり、塗布液に気泡を生ぜず被塗布物が液面から離れる時の液面の乱れが小さく、従って、むらのない良好な塗膜層が得られる電子写真感光体の浸漬塗布方法、及び電子写真感光体を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは上記課題について、鋭意研究を行った結果、被塗布物内部の圧力を調整するタイミングが、液面の乱れに大きな影響を与え、塗膜層のむらの原因となることを突き止めた。この改善を行うことが、塗布性の向上、従って塗布収率の向上をもたらすことを見出し、本発明に至った。
【0009】
〔1〕 被塗布物を塗布液中に浸漬し、該被塗布物上に塗膜層を形成する電子写真感光体の浸漬塗布方法において、被塗布物の開口部を下にし、該被塗布物の内部に空気が封じ込められた状態で被塗布物を該塗布液中に浸漬して塗布し、前記被塗布物を引き上げる時、開口部と液面とが離れる直前に一時停止して被塗布物の内部を開放し、該一次停止時間が1〜10秒間であることを特徴とする電子写真感光体の浸漬塗布方法。
【0011】
〕 前記被塗布物の浸漬が最上端に達した後、引き上げ開始との間に1〜30秒間の停止時間を設けることを特徴とする〔1〕記載の電子写真感光体の浸漬塗布方法。
【0012】
〕 浸漬速度よりも引き上げ速度の方が小さいことを特徴とする〔1〕又は〔2〕記載の電子写真感光体の浸漬塗布方法。
【0013】
〕 〔1〕〜〔〕の何れか1項記載の電子写真感光体の浸漬塗布方法により作製されたことを特徴とする電子写真感光体。
【0014】
上記本発明の構成において、被塗布物とは第一義的には電子写真感光体の基体であり、具体的な形状や素材等については後記する。同様に塗布液とは感光層もしくは感光体補助層の塗布液である。又、内部を開放するとは、被塗布物内部の圧力と外気圧とを近づける、又は同一にすることである。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態を、以下、図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。
【0016】
図1は、本発明の感光体の浸漬塗布方法における工程の概略図である。
感光体の浸漬塗布方法(以下、単に浸漬塗布方法とも云う)は、図1のA→B→C→D→Eの工程を経て行われる。
【0017】
図1のAは、被塗布物2が把持装置1によって把持され、該把持装置1に把持された状態で塗布液4の液面に相対的に近づいた状態を示す。
【0018】
図中、3は溶剤蒸気雰囲気、5は空気抜きパイプ、6はバルブを示す。
図1のBは、被塗布物2が塗布液4中に浸漬を開始した直後の状態を示す。
【0019】
図1のCは、被塗布物2が未塗布部分7を残し上端まで塗布液4中に浸漬され、その後、一時停止する状態を示す。
【0020】
図1のDは、被塗布物2を塗布液4から引き上げ中で、被塗布物2の外周面に塗膜層9が形成されつつある状態を示す。
【0021】
図1のEは、被塗布物2が塗布液面から離れる直前の状態を示す。
被塗布物の内圧を開放するが、これはバルブ6を開き内部を開放状態にする。開放するタイミングは、離れる瞬間の時間をtsecとすると、−5sec<t<0secであり、好ましくは−2sec<t<0secが良く、更には−1sec<t<0secが良い。−5secより差が大きいと液面変動が生じやすい。又外圧と同じにする時、一時停止するのが良い。一時停止の時間は1〜10秒がよく、更には1〜3秒がよい。10秒より大きいと工程上不利となる。
【0022】
図1のFは、被塗布物2が塗布液4から引き上げられ、被塗布物2の外周面に塗膜層9が形成された状態を示す。
【0023】
把持装置とは、被塗布物の軸を塗布液4の液面に対して垂直或いはほぼ垂直に把持し、且つ塗布液中に浸漬している間、塗布液が被塗布物内部に入り込むのを防止する役目を果たすチャックである。
【0024】
チャックとしては、特に限定されることはなく、被塗布物を垂直に担持出来、且つ塗布液が被塗布物内部に入り込むのを防止出来れば良く、具体的には、風船チャック、Oリングチャック、メカチャック等を挙げることが出来る。これらの中では空気抜きパイプと把持装置と組み合わせて使いやすい風船チャックが好ましい。
【0025】
被塗布物の上部未塗布部分の長さは、作製した感光体を装填する電子写真装置によっても異なるが、0.0〜2.0cmが好ましい。
【0026】
一時停止する時間は、0秒より長く30秒以内が好ましく、より好ましくは1〜20秒、更に好ましくは1〜10秒である。一時停止する時間が0秒だと被塗布物内部を開放する時間が塗布に間に合わず、被塗布物下端より気泡が塗布液中に飛び出すおそれがあり、30秒よりも長いと、塗布に要する時間が長くなるとともに下層の塗膜層が塗布液中に溶出し、塗布液が汚染される危険がある。
【0027】
引き上げ速度は、中間層、電荷発生層、電荷輸送層等の粘度、固形分濃度、温度及び要求される塗膜層の厚さ等によって異なるが、0.1〜5.0cm/secが好ましく、0.2〜3.0cm/secがより好ましい。浸漬速度は、引き上げの1.1〜20倍高速が好ましく、1.2〜10倍高速がより好ましい。1.1倍未満だと工程上時間がかかり不利となり、20倍を越えると浸漬する際に液面が乱れ、塗膜層のむらを発生させやすい。
【0028】
内部の空気を抜く量は、塗布液の温度及び粘度、被塗布物の温度、被塗布物の大きさ及び熱容量等により異なるが、被塗布物下端基準で0.5〜5.0cmまで被塗布物内部への塗布液が侵入するに相当する量が好ましい。塗布液の侵入深さが0.5cm未満であると液の揺れや振動に対処出来ず、塗布液中に気泡が飛び出し易く、5cmを越えると被塗布物を引き上げたとき塗布液表面の振動や揺れが大きく塗布むらが発生しやすい。
【0029】
内部の空気を抜くタイミングは、一時停止すると同時に開始し、一時停止時間内に完了することが好ましい。
【0030】
具体的には、図1に示す把持装置1を貫通した空気抜きパイプ5のバルブ6を開閉するタイミング、時間をコントローして行うことが出来る。被塗布物内部の開放も同様である。
【0031】
次に、本発明に係わる部材について説明する。
本発明に係る塗布溶媒としては、通常よく用いられている溶媒が用いられる。
【0032】
具体的には、クロルベンゼン(比重1.106)、1,4−ジオキサン(比重1.039)、トルエン(比重0.866)、メチルエチルケトン(比重0.805)、テトラハイドロフラン(比重0.889)、シクロヘキサノン(比重0.945)、1,3−ジオキソラン(比重1.065)、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル(比重0.867)、酢酸t−ブチル(比重0.867)、2−メトキシ−2−メチル−4−ペンタノン(比重0.910)、n−ブタノール(比重0.810)、イソプロピルアルコール(比重0.785)、エタノール(比重0.791)、メタノール(比重0.792)等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない。
【0033】
ここで、塗布溶媒とは塗布組成物から固形分、添加物を除いたものを意味する。
【0034】
本発明に係わる被塗布物の部材としては、いわゆる感光体基体であり、以下のものが挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
【0035】
1)アルミニウム、ステンレス等の導電性金属部材
2)紙或いはプラスチック等の上に、アルミニウム、パラジウム及び金等の導電性の金属薄層を設けた部材
3)紙或いはプラスチック等の上に、導電性ポリマー、酸化インジウム及び酸化錫等の導電性化合物の層を塗布若しくは蒸着した部材。
【0036】
これらの中では、アルミニウム等の導電性金属が好ましく用いられる。
被塗布物の形状としては、回転することによりエンドレスに画像を形成することが出来る円筒状基体が好ましい。円筒状基体の厚さ、径及び長さは、特に限定されず、用いる電子写真画像形成装置により任意に決めることが出来る。円筒状基体の真直度は0.10mm以下、振れは0.10mm以下の範囲にあるのが好ましい。この真円度及び振れの範囲を超えると、良好な画像形成が困難となる。
【0037】
又、塗布液とは、具体的には感光体を構成する感光層液あるいは中間層や保護層等の感光体補助層液である。
【0038】
以下本発明に係る感光体について説明する。
感光体は、例えば、被塗布物の上に電荷発生層、電荷輸送層を順次積層してなるもの、或いは、被塗布物の上に、中間層、電荷発生層、電荷輸送層を順次積層してなるもの、或いは、電荷輸送層の上に表面層をさらに積層してなるもの等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない。
【0039】
具体的に、感光体の層構成について説明する。
《中間層》
中間層は被塗布物と後述する感光層との接着性改良、或いは被塗布物からの電荷注入を防止するために、被塗布物と感光層の間に設けられる。
【0040】
中間層の材料としては、例えば、ポリアミド樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、酢酸ビニル樹脂並びに、これらの樹脂の繰り返し単位のうちの2つ以上を含む共重合体樹脂等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない。これら中間層用の樹脂の中で繰り返し使用に伴う残留電位増加を小さく出来る樹脂としてはポリアミド樹脂が挙げられる。これらの樹脂を用いた中間層の膜厚は0.1〜5.0μmが好ましい。
【0041】
この他に好ましく用いられる中間層として、例えば、シランカップリング剤、酸化チタンカップリング剤等の有機金属化合物を熱硬化させた硬化性金属樹脂を用いた中間層が挙げられる。硬化性金属樹脂を用いた中間層の膜厚は、0.05〜2μmが好ましい。
【0042】
中間層は、前記樹脂を塗布溶媒で溶解して調製した中間層用塗布液を、本発明の浸漬塗布方法で被塗布物の上に一定の膜厚を塗布し、乾燥して作製することが好ましい。
【0043】
塗布溶媒としては、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、メチルエチルケトン及びトルエン等を用いることが好ましい。
【0044】
《感光層》
感光層の構成は前記中間層上に電荷発生機能と電荷輸送機能を1つの層に持たせた単層構造の感光層構成でも良いが、より好ましくは感光層の機能を電荷発生層と電荷輸送層に分離した構成をとるのがよい。機能を分離した構成をとることにより繰り返し使用に伴う残留電位増加を小さく制御でき、その他の電子写真特性を目的に合わせて制御しやすい。負帯電用の感光体では中間層の上に電荷発生層、その上に電荷輸送層の構成をとることが好ましい。正帯電用の感光体では前記層構成の順が負帯電用感光体の場合の逆となる。
【0045】
又、必要に応じ電荷輸送層の上に表面層を設けることが出来る。表面層は硬度が有り、感光体の耐摩耗性を向上させるもので、感光層の最上層に設けて用いられる。
【0046】
以下に機能分離負帯電感光体の感光層構成及び作製方法について説明する。
〈電荷発生層〉
電荷発生層には電荷発生物質を含有する。その他の物質としては必要によりバインダー樹脂、その他の添加剤を含有しても良い。
【0047】
電荷発生物質としては公知の電荷発生物質を用いることが出来る。具体的にはフタロシアニン顔料、アゾ顔料、ペリレン顔料、アズレニウム顔料などを挙げることが出来るがこれらに限定されるものではない。これらの中で繰り返し使用に伴う残留電位増加を最も小さくできるものは複数の分子間で安定な凝集構造、電位構造を有するものであり、具体的には特定の結晶構造を有するフタロシアニン顔料、ペリレン顔料等の電荷発生物質が挙げられる。例えばCu−Kα線に対するブラッグ角2θが27.2°に最大ピークを有するチタニルフタロシアニン、同2θが12.4に最大ピークを有するベンズイミダゾールペリレン等のCGMは繰り返し使用に伴う劣化がほとんどなく、残留電位増加を小さくすることが出来る。
【0048】
電荷発生層に電荷発生物質の分散媒としてバインダーを用いる場合、バインダーとしては公知の樹脂を用いることが出来、具体例としてホルマール樹脂、ブチラール樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、シリコーン変性ブチラール樹脂及びフェノキシ樹脂等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない。バインダー樹脂と電荷発生物質との割合は、樹脂100質量部に対し電荷発生物質20〜600質量部が好ましい。これらの樹脂を用いることにより、繰り返し使用に伴う残留電位増加を最も小さく出来る。電荷発生層の膜厚は0.1〜2.0μmが好ましい。
【0049】
電荷発生層は、電荷発生物質をバインダー樹脂、その他の添加剤と共に塗布溶媒中に分散して調製した電荷発生層用塗布液を、本発明の浸漬塗布方法で前記中間層の上に一定の膜厚を塗布し、乾燥して作製することが好ましい。
【0050】
塗布溶媒としては、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、メチルエチルケトン、トルエン、酢酸t−ブチル及び2−メトキシ−2−メチル−4−ペンタノン等を用いることが好ましい。
【0051】
塗布液中に電荷発生物質を分散する手段としては、例えば、超音波分散機、ボールミル、サンドグラインダー及びホモミキサー等が使用出来るがこれらに限定されるものではない。
【0052】
〈電荷輸送層〉
電荷輸送層には電荷輸送物質を含有する。その他の物質としては必要によりバインダー樹脂、その他の添加剤を含有しても良い。
【0053】
電荷輸送物質としては公知のものを用いることが出来る。具体的にはトリフェニルアミン誘導体、ヒドラゾン化合物、スチリル化合物、ベンジジン化合物、ブタジエン化合物等を挙げることが出来るがこれらに限定されるものではない。
【0054】
バインダーとしては公知の樹脂を用いることが出来、具体例としてポリスチレン樹脂、アクリル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、酢酸ビニル樹脂、ポリビニルブチラール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、アルキッド樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、メラミン樹脂並びに、これらの樹脂の繰り返し単位のうちの2つ以上を含む共重合体樹脂等を挙げることが出来るがこれらに限定されるものではない。又これらの絶縁性樹脂の他、ポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾール等の高分子有機半導体を挙げることが出来る。これら電荷輸送層のバインダーとして好ましいものはポリカーボネート樹脂である。ポリカーボネート樹脂は電荷輸送物質の分散性、電子写真特性を良好にすることにおいて好ましい。
【0055】
バインダー樹脂と電荷輸送物質との割合は、バインダー樹脂100質量部に対し電荷輸送物質10〜200質量部が好ましい。電荷輸送層の膜厚は、10〜30μmが好ましい。
【0056】
電荷輸送層は、電荷輸送質とバインダー樹脂とその他の物質を塗布溶媒に溶解して調製した電荷輸送層用塗布液を、前記電荷発生層の上に本発明の浸漬塗布方法で一定の膜厚を塗布し、乾燥して作製することが好ましい。
【0057】
塗布溶媒としては、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、メチルエチルケトン、トルエン、シクロヘキサノン及びテトラハイドロフラン、クロルベンゼン、ジオキソラン、ジオキサン等を用いることが好ましい。
【0058】
塗布液中に電荷輸送物質を溶解する手段としては、例えば、超音波分散機、ボールミル及びホモミキサー等が使用出来るがこれらに限定されるものではない。
【0059】
感光体の全塗膜層(中間層+電荷発生層+電荷輸送層)の膜厚は、概ね10〜37μmになるよう作製することが好ましい。
【0060】
次に、本発明の浸漬塗布方法により作製した感光体を用いる画像形成装置について説明する。
【0061】
図2は、浸漬塗布方法により作製した感光体を用いて画像形成を行う電子写真画像形成装置の一例を示す断面図である。
【0062】
電子写真画像形成装置は、感光体ドラムを使用し、帯電、露光、現像、転写、分離及びクリーニング工程を繰り返して画像を形成する装置である。
【0063】
以下、図2の電子写真画像形成装置について説明する。
図示しない原稿読み取り装置にて読み取った情報に基づき、半導体レーザー光源21から光が発せられる。これをポリゴンミラー22により走査され、画像の歪みを補正するfθレンズ23を介して、感光体ドラム面上に照射され、デジタル露光方式により静電潜像を形成する。感光体ドラム24は、あらかじめ帯電器25により一様に帯電され、光照射のタイミングに合わせて時計方向に回転を開始している。
【0064】
感光体ドラム面上の静電潜像は、現像器26により反転現像され、トナー像が形成される。形成されたトナー像は、タイミングを合わせて搬送されて来た転写体28に転写器27の作用により転写される。さらに感光体ドラム24と転写体28は分離器(分離極)29により分離されるが、トナー像は転写体28に転写担持されて、定着器30へと導かれ、定着されてプリント画像を形成する。
【0065】
その後、感光体ドラム24は、クリーニングブレード方式のクリーニング器31にて感光体ドラム面上に残留した未転写のトナー等が清掃され、帯電前露光(PCL)32にて残留電荷を除き、次の画像のため再び帯電器25により、一様帯電される。
【0066】
尚、転写体28は代表的には普通紙であるが、現像後の未定着像を転写することが可能な物なら特に限定されず、OHP用のPETベース等も含まれる。
【0067】
又、クリーニングブレード33は、厚さ1〜30mm程度のゴム状弾性体を用い、材質としてはウレタンゴムが良く用いられる。
【0068】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例により更に詳細に説明するが、無論、本発明の実施態様は、以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。尚、文中「部」とは「質量部」を表す。
【0069】
比較例3(中間層(UCL)の塗布)
下記中間層塗布液を調製し、室温にて液温25℃のもとで、外径4cm、長さ40cmで下端部が開放された、基体内下部の容積が約1000cm3のアルミニウム製円筒状基体を2cm/secの速度で塗布液に浸漬した後、1.2cm/secの速度で円筒状基体を引き上げ、液面から離れる直前1秒前に内部の圧を開放したところ、基体の液面からの離脱時の液面の揺れは少なく、一部画像にかからないところにむらの発生は有ったが、実用上問題無く、乾燥膜厚約2μmの良好な塗膜が得られた。
比較例4(中間層(UCL)の塗布)
引用例3同様に下記中間層塗布液を用い、円筒状基体を引き上げ、液面から離れる直前2秒間停止し、内部の圧を開放はしないで引き上げた以外は同様に処理したところ、円筒状基体壁面を大きな泡が上昇し、これによる大きな塗膜の欠損部を生じてました。
【0070】
〈中間層(UCL)塗布液〉
下記中間層分散液を同じ混合溶媒にて二倍に希釈し、一夜静置後に濾過(フィルター;日本ポール社製のリジメッシュフィルター公称濾過精度:5ミクロン、圧力;5Pa/cm2)し、中間層塗布液を作製した。
【0071】
中間層分散液

Figure 0003873715
分散機としてサンドミルで分散時間を10時間、バッチ式にて分散して、中間層分散液を作製した。
【0072】
実施例2(電荷発生層(CGL)の塗布)
下記電荷発生層塗布液を調製し、室温、液温25℃のもとで、外径4cm、長さ40cmで下端部が開放された、基体内下部の容積が約1000cm3のアルミニウム製円筒状基体を2cm/secの速度で塗布液に浸漬し、基体上端の未塗布部分が0.7cmの時、8秒停止すると共に、基体内部の空気を、ドラム内部に1cmほど塗布液が侵入する量を抜いた。しかる後1.3cm/secの速度で円筒状基体を引き上げ、液面から離れる直前1秒前、1秒間停止し、内部を開放後、引き上げたところ、基体の液面からの離脱時の液面乱れはなく、塗布むら等の塗布故障も無く、乾燥膜厚約2μmの良好な塗膜が得られた。
【0073】
〈電荷発生層(CGL)塗布液〉
Figure 0003873715
10時間サンドミルを用いて分散した。
【0074】
実施例3(電荷輸送層(CTL)の塗布)
下記電荷輸送層塗布液を調製し、室温、液温25℃のもとで、外径4cm、長さ40cmで下端部が開放された、基体内下部の容積が約1000cm3のアルミニウム製円筒状基体を1cm/secの速度で塗布液に浸漬し、基体上端の未塗布部分が0.5cmの時、5秒停止すると共に、基体内部の空気を、ドラム内部に0.5cmほど塗布液が侵入する量を抜いた。
【0075】
しかる後0.2cm/secの速度で円筒状基体を引き上げ、液面から離れる直前1秒前に、0.5秒停止した後に内部を開放したところ、液面の変動やハネ故障、気泡の発生はなく、塗布むら等の塗布故障も無く、乾燥膜厚約25μmの良好な塗膜が得られた。
【0076】
〈電荷輸送層(CTL)塗布液〉
Figure 0003873715
上記塗布液を用い、上記各条件にてアルミニウム円筒状基体にUCL、CGL、CTLの順に積層し、電子写真感光体を作製して感光体面の塗布むら、ハネ故障等を観察した。また、画像形成装置に組み込んで作った実写画像を観察したが、画像欠陥も無く、良好であった。
【0077】
比較例1
実施例2において、円筒状基体を引き上げ、液面から離れる際、一時停止せず、また特に内部の圧を調整しなかった以外は同様に塗布したところ、ドラム内への液侵入の為、液面が変動し、円筒状基体の外周面に形成された塗膜に著しいむらを生じ、電子写真感光体としての用途に耐えないものであった。
【0078】
比較例2
実施例3において、円筒状基体を引き上げ、液面から離れる際、一時停止せず、また特に内部の圧を調整しなかった以外は同様に塗布したところ、ドラム内への液侵入の為、液面が変動し、円筒状基体の外周面に形成された塗膜に著しいむらの他、ハネ故障を生じ、電子写真感光体としての用途に耐えないものであった。
【0079】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、塗布液に気泡を生ぜず被塗布物が液面から離れる時の液面の乱れが小さく、従って、むらのない良好な塗膜層が得られる電子写真感光体の浸漬塗布方法、及び電子写真感光体を提供することが出来る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の感光体の浸漬塗布方法における工程の概略図である。
【図2】浸漬塗布方法により作製した感光体を用いて画像形成を行う電子写真画像形成装置の一例を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 把持装置
2 被塗布物
3 溶剤蒸気雰囲気
4 塗布液
5 空気抜きパイプ
6 バルブ
7 未塗布部分
8 侵入深さ
9 塗膜層[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a dip coating method in which an object to be coated is immersed in a coating solution to form a coating layer, and in particular, a dip coating method for an electrophotographic photosensitive member (hereinafter also simply referred to as a photosensitive member) and the method. The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a method for forming a uniform coating layer on the outer peripheral surface of the object to be coated, a dip coating method is suitable and widely used for the production of a photoreceptor. In such a dip coating method, in order to grip an object to be coated, a rubber member (balloon chuck) capable of expanding and contracting the gripping member is inserted into the coated object in a contracted state, and then air is pressed into the rubber member. Then, it is usually performed to swell and press and adhere to the inner wall of the object to be coated, grip the object to be coated, and immerse it in a coating solution.
[0003]
However, when the coating object is immersed in the coating liquid, it is necessary to prevent the coating liquid from entering the coating object from the lower end opening of the coating object and adhering to the inner peripheral surface of the coating object. was there. For this reason, it has been performed that the gripping device is secretly fitted to the object to be coated and the lower part in the object to be coated is kept airtight except for the lower end opening.
[0004]
On the other hand, as the solvent for the coating solution, a solvent having a relatively low boiling point and high volatility is usually used. When an object to be coated is immersed in a coating solution prepared using such a highly volatile solvent, the solvent on the liquid surface at the lower end opening is vaporized, and the vaporized solvent vapor increases the gas volume inside the object to be coated. To do. When the gas volume inside the object to be coated is increased during dip coating, the amount of gas (air containing the solvent) that is larger than the lower end of the object to be coated jumps out into the coating liquid as bubbles. When the bubbles that popped out rise to the surface of the coating liquid along the outer peripheral surface of the object to be coated, the surface of the coating liquid is disturbed, and coating unevenness occurs in the formed coating layer, which may impair uniformity.
[0005]
In order to prevent the generation of bubbles, a method using a gripping mechanism having a function of adjusting the air pressure in an object to be coated (exhaust method) is disclosed in JP-A-60-132678, JP-A-60-255164, and JP-A-60-255164. This is described in JP-A-63-315167.
[0006]
However, although such a method can solve the generation of bubbles to some extent, it cannot prevent the occurrence of fine unevenness in the coating layer, and is still insufficient as a countermeasure.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been proposed in view of the above problems, and there is little disturbance in the liquid surface when the object to be coated leaves the liquid surface without generating bubbles in the coating liquid. It is an object to provide a dip coating method for an electrophotographic photosensitive member and an electrophotographic photosensitive member obtained.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of diligent research on the above problems, the present inventors have found that the timing of adjusting the pressure inside the object to be coated greatly affects the disturbance of the liquid surface and causes unevenness of the coating layer. . It has been found that this improvement leads to an improvement in coating properties, and hence an improvement in coating yield, leading to the present invention.
[0009]
[1] In an electrophotographic photosensitive member dip coating method in which an object to be coated is immersed in a coating solution and a coating layer is formed on the object to be coated, When the object to be coated is dipped in the coating solution while the air is contained in the coating liquid and the object is pulled up, the object is temporarily stopped immediately before the opening and the liquid surface are separated . An electrophotographic photosensitive member dip coating method , wherein the interior of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is opened and the primary stop time is 1 to 10 seconds .
[0011]
[2] The after reaching the immersion uppermost end of the coating object, dip coating of 1-30 seconds stop time, characterized in that provision (1) Symbol placement of the electrophotographic photosensitive member between the initiation of pulling-up Method.
[0012]
[ 3 ] The electrophotographic photosensitive member dip coating method according to [1] or [2], wherein the pulling rate is smaller than the dip rate.
[0013]
[ 4 ] An electrophotographic photosensitive member produced by the dip coating method for an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to any one of [1] to [ 3 ].
[0014]
In the above-described configuration of the present invention, the object to be coated is primarily a substrate of an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and specific shapes and materials will be described later. Similarly, the coating solution is a coating solution for the photosensitive layer or the photoreceptor auxiliary layer. Moreover, to open the inside means to make the pressure inside the object to be coated and the outside air pressure close to or the same.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0016]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of steps in the dip coating method for a photoreceptor according to the present invention.
The dip coating method (hereinafter also simply referred to as a dip coating method) of the photoreceptor is performed through the steps of A → B → C → D → E in FIG.
[0017]
FIG. 1A shows a state in which the workpiece 2 is gripped by the gripping device 1 and relatively close to the liquid surface of the coating liquid 4 while being gripped by the gripping device 1.
[0018]
In the figure, 3 is a solvent vapor atmosphere, 5 is an air vent pipe, and 6 is a valve.
B of FIG. 1 shows a state immediately after the object to be coated 2 starts to be immersed in the coating solution 4.
[0019]
FIG. 1C shows a state in which the article 2 is immersed in the coating solution 4 up to the upper end leaving the uncoated portion 7 and then temporarily stopped.
[0020]
1D shows a state in which the coating object 2 is being pulled up from the coating liquid 4 and the coating layer 9 is being formed on the outer peripheral surface of the coating object 2. FIG.
[0021]
E in FIG. 1 shows a state immediately before the object to be coated 2 is separated from the coating liquid surface.
The internal pressure of the object to be coated is released. This opens the valve 6 to open the inside. The release timing is −5 sec <t <0 sec, preferably −2 sec <t <0 sec, and more preferably −1 sec <t <0 sec, where tsec is the time of the separation. When the difference is larger than −5 sec, the liquid level is likely to change. When it is the same as the external pressure, it is better to pause. The pause time is preferably 1 to 10 seconds, and more preferably 1 to 3 seconds. If it is longer than 10 seconds, the process is disadvantageous.
[0022]
F in FIG. 1 shows a state in which the object to be coated 2 is pulled up from the coating liquid 4 and a coating layer 9 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the object to be coated 2.
[0023]
The gripping device means that the coating liquid enters the coating object while it is held vertically or substantially perpendicular to the surface of the coating liquid 4 and is immersed in the coating liquid. It is a chuck that plays the role of preventing.
[0024]
The chuck is not particularly limited as long as it can vertically support the object to be coated and can prevent the coating liquid from entering the object to be coated. Specifically, a balloon chuck, an O-ring chuck, A mechanical chuck etc. can be mentioned. Among these, a balloon chuck that is easy to use in combination with an air vent pipe and a gripping device is preferable.
[0025]
The length of the upper uncoated portion of the object to be coated varies depending on the electrophotographic apparatus loaded with the produced photoreceptor, but is preferably 0.0 to 2.0 cm.
[0026]
The pause time is preferably longer than 0 seconds and within 30 seconds, more preferably 1 to 20 seconds, and still more preferably 1 to 10 seconds. If the time to pause is 0 second, the time to open the inside of the object to be coated will not be in time for application, and there is a possibility that bubbles may jump out from the lower end of the object to be coated. If it is longer than 30 seconds, the time required for application There is a danger that the lower coating layer is eluted in the coating solution and the coating solution is contaminated.
[0027]
The pulling speed varies depending on the viscosity of the intermediate layer, the charge generation layer, the charge transport layer, the solid content concentration, the temperature, the required thickness of the coating layer, etc., but is preferably 0.1 to 5.0 cm / sec. 0.2-3.0 cm / sec is more preferable. The immersion speed is preferably 1.1 to 20 times faster than pulling, and more preferably 1.2 to 10 times faster. If it is less than 1.1 times, it takes time in the process, which is disadvantageous, and if it exceeds 20 times, the liquid surface is disturbed when immersed, and unevenness of the coating layer tends to occur.
[0028]
The amount of air to be evacuated varies depending on the temperature and viscosity of the coating liquid, the temperature of the object to be coated, the size and heat capacity of the object to be coated, etc. An amount corresponding to the penetration of the coating liquid into the object is preferable. If the penetration depth of the coating solution is less than 0.5 cm, it will not be possible to cope with the shaking and vibration of the solution, and bubbles will easily pop out into the coating solution. If the coating depth exceeds 5 cm, The shaking is large and uneven coating tends to occur.
[0029]
It is preferable that the timing of extracting the air is started at the same time as the temporary stop and is completed within the temporary stop time.
[0030]
Specifically, it is possible to control the timing and time for opening and closing the valve 6 of the air vent pipe 5 penetrating the gripping device 1 shown in FIG. The same applies to the opening inside the object to be coated.
[0031]
Next, the member concerning this invention is demonstrated.
As the coating solvent according to the present invention, a commonly used solvent is used.
[0032]
Specifically, chlorobenzene (specific gravity 1.106), 1,4-dioxane (specific gravity 1.039), toluene (specific gravity 0.866), methyl ethyl ketone (specific gravity 0.805), tetrahydrofuran (specific gravity 0.889). ), Cyclohexanone (specific gravity 0.945), 1,3-dioxolane (specific gravity 1.065), ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (specific gravity 0.867), t-butyl acetate (specific gravity 0.867), 2-methoxy-2-methyl Examples include -4-pentanone (specific gravity 0.910), n-butanol (specific gravity 0.810), isopropyl alcohol (specific gravity 0.785), ethanol (specific gravity 0.791), and methanol (specific gravity 0.792). It is not limited to these.
[0033]
Here, a coating solvent means what remove | excluded solid content and the additive from the coating composition.
[0034]
The member of the object to be coated according to the present invention is a so-called photoreceptor substrate, and includes the following, but is not limited thereto.
[0035]
1) Conductive metal member such as aluminum and stainless steel 2) Member provided with a thin conductive metal layer such as aluminum, palladium and gold on paper or plastic 3) Conductive on paper or plastic A member in which a layer of a conductive compound such as a polymer, indium oxide and tin oxide is applied or deposited.
[0036]
Among these, a conductive metal such as aluminum is preferably used.
The shape of the object to be coated is preferably a cylindrical substrate that can endlessly form an image by rotating. The thickness, diameter and length of the cylindrical substrate are not particularly limited and can be arbitrarily determined depending on the electrophotographic image forming apparatus to be used. The straightness of the cylindrical substrate is preferably in the range of 0.10 mm or less and the deflection is in the range of 0.10 mm or less. Exceeding the roundness and shake range makes it difficult to form a good image.
[0037]
The coating solution is specifically a photosensitive layer solution constituting the photosensitive member or a photosensitive member auxiliary layer solution such as an intermediate layer or a protective layer.
[0038]
The photoconductor according to the present invention will be described below.
The photoreceptor is, for example, one in which a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer are sequentially laminated on an object to be coated, or an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer are sequentially laminated on an object to be coated. However, the present invention is not limited to these, or those obtained by further laminating a surface layer on the charge transport layer.
[0039]
Specifically, the layer structure of the photoreceptor will be described.
《Middle layer》
The intermediate layer is provided between the object to be coated and the photosensitive layer in order to improve the adhesion between the object to be coated and the photosensitive layer described later, or to prevent charge injection from the object to be coated.
[0040]
Examples of the material for the intermediate layer include, but are not limited to, polyamide resins, vinyl chloride resins, vinyl acetate resins, and copolymer resins containing two or more of the repeating units of these resins. is not. Among these resins for the intermediate layer, a polyamide resin can be cited as a resin that can reduce the increase in residual potential due to repeated use. The thickness of the intermediate layer using these resins is preferably 0.1 to 5.0 μm.
[0041]
Other examples of the intermediate layer preferably used include an intermediate layer using a curable metal resin obtained by thermosetting an organic metal compound such as a silane coupling agent or a titanium oxide coupling agent. The film thickness of the intermediate layer using the curable metal resin is preferably 0.05 to 2 μm.
[0042]
The intermediate layer can be prepared by applying an intermediate layer coating solution prepared by dissolving the resin in a coating solvent, applying a certain film thickness on an object to be coated by the dip coating method of the present invention, and drying. preferable.
[0043]
As the coating solvent, for example, methanol, ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene and the like are preferably used.
[0044]
<Photosensitive layer>
The photosensitive layer may have a single layer structure in which the charge generation function and the charge transport function are provided in one layer on the intermediate layer, but the function of the photosensitive layer is more preferably the charge generation layer and the charge transport function. It is preferable to take a structure separated into layers. By adopting a configuration in which the functions are separated, an increase in residual potential due to repeated use can be controlled to be small, and other electrophotographic characteristics can be easily controlled according to the purpose. In the negatively charged photoconductor, it is preferable that a charge generation layer is formed on the intermediate layer and a charge transport layer is formed thereon. In the positively charged photoconductor, the order of the layer configuration is the reverse of that in the negatively charged photoconductor.
[0045]
Further, a surface layer can be provided on the charge transport layer as necessary. The surface layer has hardness and improves the wear resistance of the photoreceptor, and is used by being provided on the uppermost layer of the photosensitive layer.
[0046]
Hereinafter, the photosensitive layer structure and the production method of the function-separated negatively charged photoreceptor will be described.
<Charge generation layer>
The charge generation layer contains a charge generation material. Other substances may contain a binder resin and other additives as necessary.
[0047]
A known charge generation material can be used as the charge generation material. Specific examples include, but are not limited to, phthalocyanine pigments, azo pigments, perylene pigments, and azurenium pigments. Among these, those that can minimize the increase in residual potential due to repeated use are those having a stable aggregate structure and potential structure among a plurality of molecules, specifically, phthalocyanine pigments and perylene pigments having a specific crystal structure. And the like. For example, CGMs such as titanyl phthalocyanine having a maximum peak at a Bragg angle 2θ of 27.2 ° with respect to Cu—Kα rays and benzimidazole perylene having a maximum peak at 2θ of 12.4 have little deterioration due to repeated use. Potential increase can be reduced.
[0048]
When a binder is used as a dispersion medium for the charge generation material in the charge generation layer, a known resin can be used as the binder, and specific examples include formal resin, butyral resin, silicone resin, silicone-modified butyral resin, and phenoxy resin. However, it is not limited to these. The ratio of the binder resin to the charge generating material is preferably 20 to 600 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin. By using these resins, the increase in residual potential associated with repeated use can be minimized. The thickness of the charge generation layer is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 μm.
[0049]
The charge generation layer is prepared by dispersing a charge generation layer coating solution prepared by dispersing a charge generation material in a coating solvent together with a binder resin and other additives on the intermediate layer by the dip coating method of the present invention. It is preferable that the thickness is applied and dried.
[0050]
As the coating solvent, for example, methanol, ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, t-butyl acetate, 2-methoxy-2-methyl-4-pentanone, or the like is preferably used.
[0051]
As a means for dispersing the charge generating material in the coating solution, for example, an ultrasonic disperser, a ball mill, a sand grinder, a homomixer, or the like can be used, but is not limited thereto.
[0052]
<Charge transport layer>
The charge transport layer contains a charge transport material. Other substances may contain a binder resin and other additives as necessary.
[0053]
A well-known thing can be used as a charge transport material. Specific examples include, but are not limited to, triphenylamine derivatives, hydrazone compounds, styryl compounds, benzidine compounds, butadiene compounds and the like.
[0054]
As the binder, known resins can be used. Specific examples include polystyrene resin, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, phenol resin, polyester resin, alkyd resin. , Polycarbonate resins, silicone resins, melamine resins, and copolymer resins containing two or more repeating units of these resins, but are not limited thereto. In addition to these insulating resins, high molecular organic semiconductors such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole can be given. A preferred binder for these charge transport layers is a polycarbonate resin. Polycarbonate resins are preferred for improving the dispersibility and electrophotographic properties of the charge transport material.
[0055]
The ratio of the binder resin to the charge transport material is preferably 10 to 200 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin. The thickness of the charge transport layer is preferably 10 to 30 μm.
[0056]
The charge transport layer is prepared by dissolving a charge transport material, a binder resin, and other substances in a coating solvent in a coating solution for a charge transport layer, and has a constant film thickness on the charge generation layer by the dip coating method of the present invention. It is preferable to apply and dry.
[0057]
As the coating solvent, for example, methanol, ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, cyclohexanone and tetrahydrofuran, chlorobenzene, dioxolane, dioxane and the like are preferably used.
[0058]
Examples of means for dissolving the charge transport material in the coating solution include, but are not limited to, an ultrasonic disperser, a ball mill, and a homomixer.
[0059]
It is preferable that the film thickness of all the coating layers (intermediate layer + charge generation layer + charge transport layer) of the photoreceptor is approximately 10 to 37 μm.
[0060]
Next, an image forming apparatus using a photoreceptor produced by the dip coating method of the present invention will be described.
[0061]
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus that forms an image using a photoconductor produced by a dip coating method.
[0062]
An electrophotographic image forming apparatus is an apparatus that uses a photosensitive drum to form an image by repeating charging, exposing, developing, transferring, separating, and cleaning steps.
[0063]
Hereinafter, the electrophotographic image forming apparatus of FIG. 2 will be described.
Light is emitted from the semiconductor laser light source 21 based on information read by a document reading device (not shown). This is scanned by a polygon mirror 22 and irradiated onto the surface of the photosensitive drum through an fθ lens 23 that corrects image distortion, thereby forming an electrostatic latent image by a digital exposure method. The photosensitive drum 24 is uniformly charged by the charger 25 in advance, and starts rotating clockwise in accordance with the timing of light irradiation.
[0064]
The electrostatic latent image on the surface of the photosensitive drum is reversely developed by the developing unit 26 to form a toner image. The formed toner image is transferred by the action of the transfer unit 27 to the transfer body 28 that has been conveyed in time. Further, the photosensitive drum 24 and the transfer body 28 are separated by a separator (separation pole) 29, but the toner image is transferred and supported on the transfer body 28, guided to the fixing device 30, and fixed to form a print image. To do.
[0065]
Thereafter, the non-transferred toner remaining on the surface of the photosensitive drum is cleaned by a cleaning blade type cleaning device 31 on the photosensitive drum 24, the residual charge is removed by pre-charge exposure (PCL) 32, and the following is performed. The image is again uniformly charged by the charger 25 for the image.
[0066]
The transfer body 28 is typically plain paper, but is not particularly limited as long as it can transfer an unfixed image after development, and includes an OHP PET base and the like.
[0067]
The cleaning blade 33 uses a rubber-like elastic body having a thickness of about 1 to 30 mm, and urethane rubber is often used as a material.
[0068]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, of course, the embodiment of this invention is not limited to a following example. In the text, “part” means “part by mass”.
[0069]
Comparative Example 3 (Application of intermediate layer (UCL))
The following intermediate layer coating solution is prepared, an aluminum cylindrical shape having an outer diameter of 4 cm, a length of 40 cm and an open lower end at a room temperature of 25 ° C., and a volume of the lower part in the substrate of about 1000 cm 3. After dipping the substrate in the coating solution at a rate of 2 cm / sec, the cylindrical substrate was pulled up at a rate of 1.2 cm / sec, and the internal pressure was released 1 second immediately before leaving the liquid surface. The liquid level at the time of separation from the surface was small, and unevenness occurred in a part that was not covered with an image, but there was no practical problem and a good coating film having a dry film thickness of about 2 μm was obtained.
Comparative Example 4 (Coating of intermediate layer (UCL))
As in Reference Example 3, the following intermediate layer coating solution was used, the cylindrical substrate was pulled up, stopped for 2 seconds immediately before leaving the liquid surface, and processed in the same manner except that the internal pressure was not released and the cylindrical substrate was processed. Large bubbles rose on the wall, resulting in large film defects.
[0070]
<Intermediate layer (UCL) coating solution>
The following intermediate layer dispersion was diluted twice with the same mixed solvent, and allowed to stand overnight, then filtered (filter; rigesh mesh filter manufactured by Nihon Pall Co., Ltd., nominal filtration accuracy: 5 microns, pressure: 5 Pa / cm 2 ). A layer coating solution was prepared.
[0071]
Intermediate layer dispersion
Figure 0003873715
The intermediate layer dispersion was prepared by dispersing with a sand mill as a disperser for 10 hours in a batch mode.
[0072]
Example 2 (Coating of charge generation layer (CGL))
The following charge-generating layer coating solution was prepared at room temperature, under a liquid temperature of 25 ° C., the outer diameter of 4 cm, the lower end is opened in the length 40 cm, the substrate in the lower portion of the volume of cylindrical aluminum about 1000 cm 3 The substrate is immersed in the coating solution at a speed of 2 cm / sec. When the uncoated portion at the upper end of the substrate is 0.7 cm, the substrate is stopped for 8 seconds, and the amount of the coating solution penetrates into the drum by about 1 cm. Unplugged. Thereafter, the cylindrical substrate was pulled up at a speed of 1.3 cm / sec, stopped for 1 second immediately before leaving the liquid surface, stopped for 1 second, opened, and then pulled up. The liquid surface when the substrate was detached from the liquid surface. There was no disturbance, no coating failure such as coating unevenness, and a good coating film with a dry film thickness of about 2 μm was obtained.
[0073]
<Charge generation layer (CGL) coating solution>
Figure 0003873715
Dispersion was performed using a sand mill for 10 hours.
[0074]
Example 3 (Coating of charge transport layer (CTL))
The following charge transport layer coating solution was prepared at room temperature, under a liquid temperature of 25 ° C., the outer diameter of 4 cm, the lower end is opened in the length 40 cm, the substrate in the lower portion of the volume of cylindrical aluminum about 1000 cm 3 The substrate is immersed in the coating solution at a speed of 1 cm / sec. When the uncoated portion at the upper end of the substrate is 0.5 cm, the substrate is stopped for 5 seconds, and the coating solution enters the drum about 0.5 cm. The amount to be pulled out.
[0075]
After that, when the cylindrical substrate is pulled up at a speed of 0.2 cm / sec, and the interior is opened for 0.5 second after stopping for 1 second immediately before leaving the liquid surface, the liquid level fluctuates, breakage failure, bubbles are generated. There was no coating failure such as coating unevenness, and a good coating film with a dry film thickness of about 25 μm was obtained.
[0076]
<Charge transport layer (CTL) coating solution>
Figure 0003873715
Using the above coating solution, UCL, CGL, and CTL were laminated in this order on the aluminum cylindrical substrate under each of the above conditions to produce an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and the coating unevenness on the surface of the photosensitive member, a breakage failure, and the like were observed. In addition, the photographed image that was built in the image forming apparatus was observed, but it was satisfactory without any image defects.
[0077]
Comparative Example 1
In Example 2, when the cylindrical substrate was pulled up and separated from the liquid surface, the liquid was not temporarily stopped and applied in the same manner except that the internal pressure was not adjusted. The surface was fluctuated, and the coating film formed on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical substrate was significantly uneven, so that it could not withstand the use as an electrophotographic photosensitive member.
[0078]
Comparative Example 2
In Example 3, when the cylindrical substrate was pulled up and separated from the liquid surface, it was applied in the same manner except that it was not temporarily stopped and the internal pressure was not particularly adjusted. The surface fluctuated, and the coating film formed on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical substrate was not very uneven, but also caused a failure of the film, which could not be used as an electrophotographic photosensitive member.
[0079]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, there is little disturbance in the liquid surface when the coating object is separated from the liquid surface without generating bubbles in the coating liquid, and therefore, an electrophotographic photosensitive member dip coating method that can provide a good coating layer without unevenness, In addition, an electrophotographic photoreceptor can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of steps in a dip coating method for a photoreceptor according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus that forms an image using a photoreceptor produced by a dip coating method.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Gripping device 2 To-be-coated object 3 Solvent vapor atmosphere 4 Coating liquid 5 Air vent pipe 6 Valve 7 Uncoated part 8 Penetration depth 9 Coating layer

Claims (4)

被塗布物を塗布液中に浸漬し、該被塗布物上に塗膜層を形成する電子写真感光体の浸漬塗布方法において、被塗布物の開口部を下にし、該被塗布物の内部に空気が封じ込められた状態で被塗布物を該塗布液中に浸漬して塗布し、前記被塗布物を引き上げる時、開口部と液面とが離れる直前に一時停止して被塗布物の内部を開放し、該一次停止時間が1〜10秒間であることを特徴とする電子写真感光体の浸漬塗布方法。In an electrophotographic photoreceptor dip coating method in which an object to be coated is immersed in a coating solution and a coating layer is formed on the object to be coated, the opening of the object to be coated is placed inside the object to be coated. When the object to be coated is immersed and applied in the coating solution in a state where air is contained, and the object to be pulled is pulled up, the object is temporarily stopped immediately before the opening and the liquid surface are separated from each other. An electrophotographic photosensitive member dip coating method, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member is opened and the primary stop time is 1 to 10 seconds . 前記被塗布物の浸漬が最上端に達した後、引き上げ開始との間に1〜30秒間の停止時間を設けることを特徴とする請求項1記載の電子写真感光体の浸漬塗布方法。  2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member dip coating method according to claim 1, wherein a stop time of 1 to 30 seconds is provided between the start of lifting and the start of lifting after the top of the coating has been immersed. 浸漬速度よりも引き上げ速度の方が小さいことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の電子写真感光体の浸漬塗布方法。  3. The dip coating method for an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the pulling rate is smaller than the dip rate. 請求項1〜3の何れか1項記載の電子写真感光体の浸漬塗布方法により作製されたことを特徴とする電子写真感光体。  An electrophotographic photosensitive member produced by the dip coating method for an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1.
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