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JP3874992B2 - Constant velocity universal joint - Google Patents
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JP3874992B2 - Constant velocity universal joint - Google Patents

Constant velocity universal joint Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3874992B2
JP3874992B2 JP2000130259A JP2000130259A JP3874992B2 JP 3874992 B2 JP3874992 B2 JP 3874992B2 JP 2000130259 A JP2000130259 A JP 2000130259A JP 2000130259 A JP2000130259 A JP 2000130259A JP 3874992 B2 JP3874992 B2 JP 3874992B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
roller
leg shaft
peripheral surface
constant velocity
velocity universal
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JP2000130259A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2001311432A (en
Inventor
達朗 杉山
健二 寺田
竜宏 後藤
健太 山崎
久昭 藏
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NTN Corp
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NTN Corp
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Priority to JP2000130259A priority Critical patent/JP3874992B2/en
Priority to US09/816,775 priority patent/US6632143B2/en
Priority to FR0104346A priority patent/FR2807125B1/en
Publication of JP2001311432A publication Critical patent/JP2001311432A/en
Priority to FR0213365A priority patent/FR2831935B1/en
Priority to US10/339,464 priority patent/US6726570B2/en
Priority to US10/800,650 priority patent/US7118485B2/en
Priority to US11/515,851 priority patent/US7316620B2/en
Priority to US11/653,910 priority patent/US7354347B2/en
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Publication of JP3874992B2 publication Critical patent/JP3874992B2/en
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自動車や各種産業機械等の動力伝達装置に使用される等速自在継手に関し、特にトリポード型等速自在継手に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
例えば、自動車のエンジンから車輪に回転動力を伝達する動力伝達装置の一要素として(ドライブシャフトやプロペラシャフトの連結用継手として)、トリポード型等速自在継手が用いられている。
【0003】
トリポード型等速自在継手は、一般に、内周部に軸方向の3本のトラック溝が形成され、各トラック溝の両側にそれぞれ軸方向のローラ案内面を有する外側継手部材と、半径方向に突出した3本の脚軸を有し、各脚軸にそれぞれローラを回転可能に配設したトリポード部材とを主体として構成される。トリポード部材の脚軸と外側継手部材のローラ案内面とがローラを介して回転方向に係合することにより、駆動側から従動側に回転トルクが等速で伝達される。また、各ローラが脚軸に対して回転しながらローラ案内面上を転動することにより、外側継手部材とトリポード部材との間の相対的な軸方向変位や角度変位が吸収されると同時に、外側継手部材とトリポード部材とが作動角を取りつつ回転トルクを伝達する際の、回転方向位相の変化に伴う、各脚軸のローラ案内面に対する軸方向変位が吸収される。
【0004】
トリポード型等速自在継手としては、上記ローラを複数のニードルローラを介して脚軸の円筒状外周面に装着したものもあるが、外側継手部材とトリポード部材とが作動角をとりつつ回転トルクを伝達する際、脚軸の傾きに伴って各ローラとローラ案内面とが互いに斜交した関係になるので、両者の間に滑りが生じ、その際の摺動抵抗によって各ローラの円滑な転動が妨げられて誘起スラストが大きくなるという問題がある。また、各ローラとローラ案内面との間の摺動抵抗によって、外側継手部材とトリポード部材とが軸方向に相対変位する際のスライド抵抗が大きくなるという問題がある。
【0005】
そこで、ローラとローラ案内面との斜交状態を解消して、誘起スラストやスライド抵抗の低減を図るため、脚軸に対するローラの傾動を自在とする機構を備えたトリポード型等速自在継手が種々提案され、実用化されている。この種のトリポード型等速自在継手として、脚軸の外周面を凸球状に形成すると共に、ローラを複数のニードルローラを介して支持リングに回転可能に組み付けてローラ機構(ローラアッセンブリ)を構成し、支持リングの円筒状の内周面を脚軸の凸球状の外周面に外嵌した構成が知られている(特公平7−117108号、特許2623216号等)。この構成によれば、支持リングの円筒状の内周面と脚軸の凸球状の外周面との間の滑りによって、脚軸に対するローラ機構の傾動及び軸方向移動が自在となる。
【0006】
さらに、本出願人は、この種のトリポード型等速自在継手における誘起スラストやスライド抵抗を一層効果的に低減するため、支持リングの内周面が円弧状凸断面であり、脚軸の外周面は縦断面においてはストレート形状で、横断面においては継手の軸線と直交する方向で支持リングの内周面と接触し、かつ、継手の軸線方向で支持リングの内周面との間にすきまを形成するようになっている構成について既に出願している(特願平11−059040号)。この構成によれば、支持リングの円弧状凸断面の内周面と脚軸のストレート形状の外周面との間の滑りによって、脚軸に対するローラ機構の傾動及び軸方向移動が自在となる。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
例えば、上述した本出願人の既出願(特願平11−059040号)に係る等速自在継手を例にとると、図11に誇張して示すように、無負荷状態において、ローラ機構Aを構成する部品間(ローラ34とニードルローラ36との間、支持リング32とニードルローラ36との間)、ローラ34とローラ案内面14との間、及び支持リング32と脚軸22との間には若干のラジアル方向隙間が存在する。そのため、図12に誇張して示すように、回転トルクの伝達時、脚軸22、ローラ機構A、及びローラ案内面14の相互間に負荷荷重が加わって上記の隙間が詰まると、同図紙面内(継手の軸線と直交する断面内)で、脚軸22の軸線Xが上記の隙間分だけローラ機構Aの軸線Yに対して傾く(傾き角β)。この脚軸22の傾きにより、脚軸22とローラ機構Aとの接触部(脚軸22の外周面22aと支持リング32の内周面32cとの接触点)Sに負荷される負荷荷重Fの向きがトルク伝達方向(継手中心Oを中心とする円の接触点Sにおける接線方向)から内向きにずれて、脚軸基端側に向いた分力fが発生する(以下、この分力を「内向き分力f」という。)。また、支持リング32と係止リング33及び係止リング35との間には若干の軸方向隙間が存在し、支持リング32はこの軸方向隙間分だけローラ34に対して軸線方向に相対移動が可能である。そのため、上記の内向き分力fが加わると、支持リング32が脚軸基端側に相対移動して係止リング35に接触した状態になり、その分、支持リング32の内周面32cの曲率中心を通る中心線L1が、ローラ34の外周面34aの曲率中心を通る中心線L2に対して脚軸基端側にΔhだけずれ、その結果、上記の内向き分力fの大きさが助長される。そして、このような内向き分力fに起因して、ローラ機構Aがローラ案内面14に対して同図紙面内で右回り方向に傾き、非負荷側(図示省略)において、ローラ34の外周面34aがローラ案内面14の脚軸基端側部分と接触する機会が多くなり、ローラ34の円滑な転動が妨げられて、継手の誘起スラストやスライド抵抗に影響することがある。
【0008】
そこで、本発明は、上記の内向き分力に起因するローラ機構の傾きを抑制することにより、誘起スラストやスライド抵抗を一層効果的に低減し、安定させ、それによって、より低振動のトリポード型等速自在継手を提供しようとするものである。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するため、本発明は、内周部に軸方向の3本のトラック溝が形成され、各トラック溝の両側にそれぞれ軸方向のローラ案内面を有する外側継手部材と、半径方向に突出した3本の脚軸を有するトリポード部材と、トリポード部材の各脚軸にそれぞれ装着されたローラ機構とを備え、ローラ機構は、ローラ案内面に沿って外側継手部材の軸線と平行な方向に案内されるローラと、ローラを回転可能に支持する支持リングとを含み、脚軸に対して傾動自在である等速自在継手において、脚軸とローラ機構との接触部に加わる負荷荷重の内向き分力に起因して、ローラ機構が継手の軸線と直交する断面内で傾くのを抑制する傾き抑制手段が設けられ、この傾き抑制手段として、ローラの外周面とローラ案内面とを2点でアンギュラコンタクトさせると共に、脚軸基端側のアンギュラコンタクト点の接触角を、脚軸先端側のアンギュラコンタクト点の接触角よりも大きくした構成を提供する。ここで、「内向き分力」は、上述したように、脚軸とローラ機構との接触部に負荷される負荷荷重の向きがトルク伝達方向から内向きにずれることにより発生する、上記負荷荷重の脚軸基端方向の荷重成分である。
【0010】
上記の構成によれば、ローラの外周面とローラ案内面とをアンギュラコンタクトさせているので、ローラ機構のローラ案内面に対する姿勢が安定し、しかも、脚軸基端側のアンギュラコンタクト点の接触角を脚軸先端側のアンギュラコンタクト点の接触角よりも大きくしているので、内向き分力を脚軸基端側のアンギュラコンタクト点で多く負荷させることができる。そのため、継手の軸線と直交する断面内でのローラ機構の傾きが抑制され、ローラの円滑な転動が確保される。尚、アンギュラコンタクトを実現するための手段として、ローラ案内面の断面形状をゴシックアーチ形状、テーパ形状(V字形状)、放物線形状とすることができる。
【0011】
また、上記の傾き抑制手段として、ローラの外周面を、その軸線と平行で上記接触部を通る直線の近傍に曲率中心を有する円弧状凸断面とした構成を採用することができる。この構成によれば、内向き分力の作用点となる上記接触部と、ローラ機構の傾きの支点となるローラの外周面の曲率中心とがローラ機構の半径方向に近接又は一致した位置関係になり、ローラ機構に作用する傾きのモーメント力が小さくなるので、継手の軸線と直交する断面内でのローラ機構の傾きが抑制され、ローラの円滑な転動が確保される。
【0012】
また、上記課題を解決するため、本発明は、内周部に軸方向の3本のトラック溝が形成され、各トラック溝の両側にそれぞれ軸方向のローラ案内面を有する外側継手部材と、半径方向に突出した3本の脚軸を有するトリポード部材と、トリポード部材の各脚軸にそれぞれ装着されたローラ機構とを備え、ローラ機構は、ローラ案内面に沿って外側継手部材の軸線と平行な方向に案内されるローラと、ローラを回転可能に支持する支持リングとを含み、脚軸に対して傾動自在である等速自在継手において、脚軸とローラ機構との接触部に加わる負荷荷重の内向き分力に起因して、ローラ機構が継手の軸線と直交する断面内で傾くのを抑制する傾き抑制手段が設けられ、支持リングの内周面は円弧状凸断面であり、脚軸の外周面は縦断面においてはストレート形状で、横断面においては継手の軸線と直交する方向で支持リングの内周面と接触し、かつ、継手の軸線方向で支持リングの内周面との間にすきまを形成するようになっている構成を提供する
【0013】
脚軸の横断面形状について、継手の軸線と直交する方向で支持リングの内周面と接触するとともに継手の軸線方向で支持リングの内周面との間にすきまを形成するような形状とは、言い換えれば、トリポード部材の軸方向で互いに向き合った面部分が相互方向に、つまり、仮想円筒面よりも小径側に退避している形状を意味する。その一つの具体例として略楕円形が挙げられる。「略楕円形」には、字義どおりの楕円形の他、一般に卵形、小判形等と称される形状も含まれる。
【0014】
従来円形であった脚軸の断面形状を上記の形状としたことにより、継手が作動角をとった時、ローラ機構(ローラアッセンブリ)の姿勢を変えることなく、脚軸が継手の軸線と平行な断面内で外側継手部材に対して傾くことができる。しかも、脚軸の外周面と支持リングとの接触楕円が従来の横長から点に近づくため(図1(C)参照)、ローラ機構を傾けようとする摩擦モーメントが低減する。したがって、ローラ機構の姿勢が安定し、ローラがローラ案内面と平行に保持されるため円滑に転動することができる。これにより、スライド抵抗の低減ひいては誘起スラストの低減に寄与する。
【0015】
なお、ローラ機構は脚軸と外側継手部材との間に介在してトルクを伝達する役割を果たすものであるが、この種の等速自在継手におけるトルクの伝達方向は常に継手の軸線に直交する方向であるため、当該トルクの伝達方向において脚軸と支持リングとが接していることでトルクの伝達は可能であり、継手の軸線方向において両者間にすきまがあってもトルク伝達に支障を来すことはない。
【0016】
上記構成において、支持リングの内周面の母線を、中央部の円弧部と両端部の逃げ部とで構成することができる。円弧部の曲率半径は、2〜3°程度の脚軸の傾きを許容できる大きさとするのが好ましい。
【0017】
上記構成の等速自在継手において、ローラと支持リングとがそれらの軸線方向に相対移動するのを係止リングや係止鍔などの係止手段で両側から規制することによって、ローラ機構のアッセンブリ体としての一体性を確保することができる。しかしながら、ローラ又は支持リングと係止手段との間には軸方向隙間を確保する必要があり、支持リングはこの軸方向隙間分だけローラに対して軸線方向に相対移動可能である。したがって、上記の内向き分力が加わると、支持リングがローラに対して脚軸基端側に相対移動することにより、支持リングの内周面の曲率中心を通る中心線がローラの外周面の曲率中心を通る中心線に対して脚軸基端側にずれる。その結果、内向き分力の大きさが助長される。これを防止するため、上記の傾き抑制手段として、ローラ機構を構成する部品間の隙間に起因して支持リングがローラに対して脚軸基端側に相対移動した時に、ローラの外周面の曲率中心を通る中心線と支持リングの内周面の曲率中心を通る中心線とが一致するようした構成を採用することができる。この構成によれば、上記の内向き分力が低減される結果、継手の軸線と直交する断面内でのローラ機構の傾きが抑制され、ローラの円滑な転動が確保される。
【0018】
また、上記の傾き抑制手段として、脚軸の外周面を縦断面において基端側に開いた傾斜状とすることもできる。この構成によれば、継手の軸線と直交する断面内で、脚軸の軸線がローラ機構の軸線に対して傾いた場合でも、脚軸の外周面自体の傾きは抑制され又は解消される。したがって、上記の内向き分力が低減され、その結果、継手の軸線と直交する断面内でのローラ機構の傾きが抑制され、ローラの円滑な転動が確保される。
【0019】
以上に説明した傾き抑制手段の具体的構成は、単独で採用しても良いし、2以上の構成を組み合わせて採用しても良い。
【0020】
以上の構成において、支持リングとローラの間に複数の転動体を配置して支持リングとローラを相対回転可能とすることができ、その転動体として、ニードルローラやボール等を用いることができる。
【0021】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施形態について説明する。
【0022】
図1及び図2は、第1の実施形態に係るトリポード型等速自在継手を示している。図1(A)は継手の軸線と直交する断面を示し、図1(B)は脚軸の軸線と直交する断面を示し、図1(C)は支持リングの断面を示し、図2は継手の軸線と平行な断面において、継手が作動角(θ)をとった時の状態を示している。
【0023】
図1に示すように、この実施形態の等速自在継手は外側継手部材10とトリポード部材20とを主体として構成され、連結すべき2軸の一方が外側継手部材10の軸部10a(図2参照)と連結され、他方がトリポード部材20と連結される。
【0024】
外側継手部材10は内周部に軸方向に延びる3本のトラック溝12を有する。各トラック溝12の円周方向で向かい合った側壁にそれぞれローラ案内面14が形成されている。トリポード部材20は半径方向に突設した3本の脚軸22を有し、各脚軸22にはローラ34が取り付けてあり、このローラ34が外側継手部材10のトラック溝12内に収容される。ローラ34の外周面34aはローラ案内面14に適合する凸曲面である。
【0025】
ここでは、ローラ34の外周面34aは脚軸22の軸線から半径方向に離れた位置に曲率中心を有する円弧を母線とする円弧状凸断面であり、ローラ案内面14の断面形状はゴシックアーチ形状であって、これにより、ローラ34の外周面34aとローラ案内面14とが2点でアンギュラコンタクトをなす。尚、球面状のローラ外周面に対してローラ案内面14の断面形状をテーパ形状、放物線形状等としても両者のアンギュラコンタクトが実現する。このようにローラ34の外周面34aとローラ案内面14とが2点でアンギュラコンタクトをなす構成を採用することによって、ローラの姿勢が安定する。なお、アンギュラコンタクトを採用しない場合には、たとえば、ローラ案内面14を軸線が外側継手部材10の軸線と平行な円筒面の一部で構成し、その断面形状をローラ34の外周面34aの母線に対応する円弧とすることもできる。
【0026】
脚軸22の外周面22aに支持リング32が外嵌している。この支持リング32とローラ34とは複数のニードルローラ36を介してアッセンブリ(ユニット化)され、相対回転可能なローラ機構(ローラアッセンブリ)Aを構成している。
【0027】
すなわち、図5に拡大して示すように、支持リング32の円筒形外周面を内側軌道面とし、ローラ34の円筒形内周面を外側軌道面として、これらの内外軌道面間に複数のニードルローラ36が転動自在に介装されている。そして、支持リング32、ローラ34、及びニードルローラ36が、それらの軸線方向に相対移動するのを規制するために、ローラ機構Aの軸方向両側にそれぞれ係止手段が設けられている。同図に示す例では、両側の係止手段は係止リング33、35で構成され、それぞれ、ローラ34の端部内周に設けられた円周溝34c、34dに嵌合される。係止リング33及び35と支持リング32との間、係止リング33及び35とニードルローラ36との間には、それぞれ僅かな軸方向隙間がある。このようにして、ローラ34に装着された係止リング33、35は、支持リング32の端面、ニードルローラ36の端面と接触することによって、これらの部材がローラ34に対して軸方向に相対移動するのを規制する。尚、係止リング33、35は、例えば一部をスリットによって分割した分割リングである。また、図1(B)に示すように、ニードルローラ36は、できるだけ多くのころを入れた、保持器のない、いわゆる総ころ状態で組み込まれている。
【0028】
あるいは、ローラ機構Aとして、図6に示す構造を採用しても良い。この例では、ローラ機構Aの一方側の係止手段を係止リング33で構成し、他方側の係止手段を係止鍔34eで構成している。係止リング33は、ローラ34の一方側の端部内周に設けられた円周溝34cに嵌着される。また、係止鍔34eはローラ34の他方側の端部に一体に設けられる。図5に示す構造に比べ、他方側の係止手段を係止リングで構成することによる組付け公差を排除して、支持リング32及びニードルローラ36との間の軸方向クリアランスを半減できるという利点がある。
【0029】
脚軸22の外周面22aは、縦断面{図1(A)}で見ると脚軸22の軸線と平行なストレート形状であり、横断面{図1(B)}で見ると、長軸が継手の軸線に直交する楕円形状である。脚軸の断面形状は、トリポード部材20の軸方向で見た肉厚を減少させて略楕円状としてある。言い換えれば、脚軸の断面形状は、トリポード部材の軸方向で互いに向き合った面が相互方向に、つまり、仮想円筒面よりも小径側に退避している。
【0030】
支持リング32の内周面32cは円弧状凸断面を有する。すなわち、内周面32cの母線が半径rの凸円弧である{図1(C)}。このことと、脚軸22の断面形状が上述のように略楕円形状であり、脚軸22と支持リング32との間には所定のすきまが設けてあることから、支持リング32は脚軸22の軸方向での移動が可能であるばかりでなく、脚軸22に対して傾動自在である。また、上述のとおり支持リング32とローラ34はニードルローラ36を介して相対回転自在にアッセンブリされているため(ローラ機構A)、脚軸22に対し、支持リング32とローラ34がユニットとして傾動可能な関係にある。ここで、傾動とは、脚軸22の軸線を含む平面内で、脚軸22の軸線に対して支持リング32およびローラ34の軸線(ローラ機構Aの軸線)が傾くことをいう。
【0031】
上述のように、この実施形態の等速自在継手は、脚軸22の横断面が略楕円状で、支持リング32の内周面32cの横断面が円弧状凸断面であることから、図1(C)に破線で示すように、両者の接触楕円は点に近いものとなり、同時に面積も小さくなる。したがって、ローラ機構Aを傾かせようとする力が従来のものに比べると非常に低減し、ローラ34の姿勢の安定性が一層向上する。
【0032】
さらに、この実施形態では、図7に拡大して示すような傾き抑制手段を設けている。すなわち、ローラ34の外周面34aとローラ案内面14とを2点p、qでアンギュラコンタクトさせると共に、脚軸基端側のアンギュラコンタクト点qの接触角α1を、脚軸先端側のアンギュラコンタクト点pの接触角α0よりも大きくしている(α1>α0)。この構成によれば、ローラ34の外周面34aとローラ案内面14とを2点p、qアンギュラコンタクトさせているので、ローラ機構Aのローラ案内面14に対する姿勢が安定し、しかも、接触角α1を接触角α0よりも大きくしているので、内向き分力fを脚軸基端側のアンギュラコンタクト点qで多く負荷させることができる。そのため、同図紙面内(継手の軸線と直交する断面内)でのローラ機構Aの傾きが抑制され、ローラ34の円滑な転動が確保される。
【0033】
図8〜図10は、第2〜第4の実施形態に係るトリポード型等速自在継手の傾き抑制手段を拡大して示している。尚、第2〜第4の実施形態に係るトリポード型等速自在継手の他の構成は、第1の実施形態に係るトリポード型等速自在継手と同じであるので、記載を省略する。
【0034】
図8に示す第2の実施形態に係る傾き抑制手段は、ローラ機構Aを構成する部品間の隙間、この例では支持リング32と係止リング33及び35との間の軸方向隙間に起因して、支持リング32がローラ34に対して脚軸基端側に相対移動した時に、ローラ34の外周面34aの曲率中心を通る中心線L2と支持リング32の内周面32cの曲率中心を通る中心線Llとが一致するようにしたものである。この構成は、例えば、支持リング32について、中心線L1を軸方向中心(支持リング32の軸方向中心)から脚軸先端側にΔhだけずらすことによって実現することができる。この構成によれば、内向き分力fが低減する結果、同図紙面内(継手の軸線と直交する断面内)でのローラ機構Aの傾きが抑制され、ローラ34の円滑な転動が確保される。
【0035】
図9に示す第3の実施形態に係る傾き抑制手段は、ローラ34の外周面34aを、ローラ34の軸線と平行で接触部Sを通る直線L3の近傍に曲率中心O1を有する半径Rの円弧状凸断面としたものである。この構成によれば、内向き分力fの作用点となる接触部Sと、ローラ機構Aの傾きの支点となるローラ34の外周面34aの曲率中心O1とがローラ機構Aの半径方向に近接した位置関係になり(離間距離Δt)、ローラ機構Aに作用する傾きのモーメント力が小さくなる。そのため、同図紙面内(継手の軸線と直交する断面内)でのローラ機構Aの傾きが抑制され、ローラ34の円滑な転動が確保される。尚、ローラ34の外周面34aの曲率中心O1を直線L3上に設定しても良い(Δt=0)。
【0036】
図10に示す第4の実施形態に係る傾き抑制手段は、脚軸22の外周面22aを縦断面において基端側に開いた傾斜状にしたものである。同図に示す例では、外周面22aの傾斜角を、脚軸22の軸線Xが前述した態様でローラ機構Aの軸線Yに対して角度βだけ傾いた時に、外周面22aがローラ機構Aの軸線Yと平行になるような角度、すなわち脚軸22の傾き角βと同じ角度(β)にしている。この構成によれば、負荷荷重Fの向きとトルク伝達方向とのずれがなくなるので、内向き分力fが発生せず、その結果、同図紙面内(継手の軸線と直交する断面内)でのローラ機構Aの傾きが抑制され、ローラ34の円滑な転動が確保される。尚、外周面22aの傾斜角をβ未満とした場合でも、内向き分力fの低減、それによるローラ機構Aの傾き抑制に一定の効果が期待できる。
【0037】
以上に説明した第1〜第4の実施形態に係るトリポード型等速自在継手は、それぞれ、傾き抑制手段(図7〜図10)を単独で採用したものであるが、2以上の傾き抑制手段を併用しても良い。
【0038】
図3および図4は、本発明の第5の実施形態に係るトリポード型等速自在継手を示している。この実施形態の等速自在継手は、支持リング32の内周面32cの母線が、上述の実施形態の等速自在継手では単一の円弧で形成されているのに対して、中央の円弧部32aとその両側の逃げ部32bとの組合せで形成されている点で相違する。逃げ部32bは、図3(C)のように作動角(θ)をとったときの脚軸22との干渉を避けるための部分であり、円弧部32aの端から支持リング32の端部に向かって徐々に拡径した直線または曲線で構成する。ここでは、逃げ部32bを円錐角α=50°の円錐面の一部とした場合を例示してある。円弧部32aは、支持リング32に対する脚軸22の2〜3°程度の傾きを許容するため、たとえば30mm程度の大きな曲率半径(r)とする。トリポード型等速自在継手では、機構上、外側継手部材10が1回転するときトリポード部材20は外側継手部材10の中心に対して3回振れ回る。このとき符号e{図2(A)}で表わされる偏心量は作動角(θ)に比例して増加する。そして、3本の脚軸22は120°ずつ離間しているが、作動角(θ)をとると、図2(B)に示すように、図の上側に表われている垂直な脚軸22を基本として考えると、他の2本の脚軸22は、一点鎖線で示す作動角0のときのそれらの軸線からわずかに傾く。その傾きは作動角(θ)が例えば約23°のとき2〜3°程度となる。この傾きが支持リング32の内周面32cの円弧部32aの曲率によって無理なく許容されるため、脚軸22と支持リング32との接触部における面圧が過度に高くなるのを防止することができる。なお、図2(B)は、図2(A)の左側面から見たトリポード部材20の3本の脚軸22を模式的に図示したもので、実線が脚軸を表わしている。この実施形態の等速自在継手においても、図7〜図10に示す構成と同様の傾き抑制手段を、単独で、あるいは2以上の構成を併用することにより、継手の軸線と直交する断面内でのローラ機構Aの傾きを抑制して、ローラ34の円滑な転動を確保している。尚、ローラ機構Aの係止手段として図6に示す構造を採用しても良い。
【0039】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、脚軸とローラ機構との接触部に加わる負荷荷重の内向き分力に起因するローラ機構の傾きが抑制されることにより、継手の誘起スラストやスライド抵抗が一層効果的に低減され、安定し、それによって、より低振動のトリポード型等速自在継手を得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の第1の実施形態に係るトリポード型等速自在継手を示し、図1(A)は一部を断面にした端面図、図1(B)は図1(A)における脚軸に垂直な断面図、図1(C)は接触楕円を説明するための支持リングの断面図である。
【図2】図2(A)は図1の等速自在継手の縦断面図であって作動角をとった状態を示し、図2(B)は図2(A)におけるトリポード部材の模式的側面図である。
【図3】本発明の第5の実施形態に係るトリポード型等速自在継手を示し、図3(A)は一部を断面にした端面図、図3(B)は図3(A)における脚軸に垂直な断面図、図3(C)は作動角をとった状態を示す縦断面図である。
【図4】図3における支持リングの拡大断面図である。
【図5】図1および図2におけるローラ機構の部分拡大断面図である。
【図6】ローラ機構の他の形態を示す部分拡大断面図である。
【図7】図1のトリポード型等速自在継手の傾き抑制手段を示す部分断面図である。
【図8】本発明の第2の実施形態に係るトリポード型等速自在継手の傾き抑制手段を示す部分断面図である。
【図9】本発明の第3の実施形態に係るトリポード型等速自在継手の傾き抑制手段を示す部分断面図である。
【図10】本発明の第3の実施形態に係るトリポード型等速自在継手の傾き抑制手段を示す部分断面図である。
【図11】継手に荷重が負荷されていない時の状態を示す部分断面図である。
【図12】内向き分力の発生について説明する部分断面図である。
【符号の説明】
10 外側継手部材
12 トラック溝
14 ローラ案内面
20 トリポード部材
22 脚軸
22a 外周面
32 支持リング
32c 内周面
34 ローラ
34a 外周面
36 ニードルローラ
p アンギュラコンタクト点
q アンギュラコンタクト点
α0 接触角
α1 接触角
S 接触部
L1 支持リングの内周面の曲率中心を通る中心線
L2 ローラの外周面の曲率中心を通る中心線
L3 接触部Sを通る直線
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a constant velocity universal joint used for a power transmission device of an automobile or various industrial machines, and more particularly to a tripod type constant velocity universal joint.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, a tripod constant velocity universal joint is used as one element of a power transmission device that transmits rotational power from an automobile engine to wheels (as a coupling for connecting a drive shaft or a propeller shaft).
[0003]
In general, a tripod type constant velocity universal joint has an outer joint member formed with three track grooves in the axial direction on the inner periphery and axial roller guide surfaces on both sides of each track groove, and protrudes in the radial direction. The tripod member has three leg shafts, and a roller is rotatably disposed on each leg shaft. When the leg shaft of the tripod member and the roller guide surface of the outer joint member are engaged with each other in the rotational direction via the roller, the rotational torque is transmitted from the drive side to the driven side at a constant speed. Further, by rolling on the roller guide surface while each roller rotates with respect to the leg shaft, the relative axial displacement and angular displacement between the outer joint member and the tripod member are absorbed, When the outer joint member and the tripod member transmit the rotational torque while taking the operating angle, the axial displacement of each leg shaft with respect to the roller guide surface accompanying the change in the rotational direction phase is absorbed.
[0004]
Some tripod type constant velocity universal joints have the above roller mounted on the cylindrical outer peripheral surface of the leg shaft via a plurality of needle rollers. However, the outer joint member and the tripod member generate rotational torque while taking an operating angle. During transmission, each roller and the roller guide surface are in an oblique relationship with the inclination of the leg shaft, so that slip occurs between the two and smooth rolling of each roller due to the sliding resistance at that time. There is a problem that the induced thrust becomes large due to hindering. Further, there is a problem that the sliding resistance when the outer joint member and the tripod member are relatively displaced in the axial direction is increased due to the sliding resistance between each roller and the roller guide surface.
[0005]
Therefore, there are various tripod type constant velocity universal joints equipped with a mechanism that allows the roller to tilt freely with respect to the leg shaft in order to eliminate the oblique state between the roller and the roller guide surface to reduce induced thrust and slide resistance. Proposed and put into practical use. As this kind of tripod type constant velocity universal joint, the outer peripheral surface of the leg shaft is formed into a convex spherical shape, and the roller is rotatably assembled to a support ring via a plurality of needle rollers to form a roller mechanism (roller assembly). A configuration in which the cylindrical inner peripheral surface of the support ring is externally fitted to the convex outer peripheral surface of the leg shaft is known (Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-117108, Japanese Patent No. 2623216, etc.). According to this configuration, the roller mechanism can be tilted and moved in the axial direction with respect to the leg shaft by sliding between the cylindrical inner peripheral surface of the support ring and the convex spherical outer peripheral surface of the leg shaft.
[0006]
Further, in order to reduce the induced thrust and the slide resistance in this type of tripod type constant velocity universal joint more effectively, the applicant of the present invention has an arcuate convex cross section on the inner peripheral surface of the support ring, and the outer peripheral surface of the leg shaft. Is a straight shape in the longitudinal section, and in the transverse section, it is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the support ring in the direction perpendicular to the joint axis, and there is a clearance between the inner peripheral surface of the support ring in the axial direction of the joint. An application has already been filed for the structure to be formed (Japanese Patent Application No. 11-059040). According to this configuration, the roller mechanism can be tilted and moved in the axial direction with respect to the leg shaft by sliding between the inner peripheral surface of the arc-shaped convex section of the support ring and the straight outer peripheral surface of the leg shaft.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
For example, taking the constant velocity universal joint according to the above-mentioned already filed application (Japanese Patent Application No. 11-059040) of the present applicant as an example, as shown in an exaggerated manner in FIG. Between constituent parts (between the roller 34 and the needle roller 36, between the support ring 32 and the needle roller 36), between the roller 34 and the roller guide surface 14, and between the support ring 32 and the leg shaft 22. There are some radial gaps. Therefore, as shown in an exaggerated manner in FIG. 12, when a rotational load is transmitted and a load is applied between the leg shaft 22, the roller mechanism A, and the roller guide surface 14 to clog the gap, Inside (in the cross section perpendicular to the axis of the joint), the axis X of the leg shaft 22 is inclined with respect to the axis Y of the roller mechanism A by the gap (inclination angle β). Due to the inclination of the leg shaft 22, the contact load between the leg shaft 22 and the roller mechanism A (the contact point between the outer peripheral surface 22 a of the leg shaft 22 and the inner peripheral surface 32 c of the support ring 32) S The direction is shifted inward from the torque transmission direction (tangential direction at the contact point S of the circle centered on the joint center O), and a component force f directed toward the base end side of the leg shaft is generated (hereinafter, this component force is referred to as the component force). "Inward component force f"). Further, there is a slight axial gap between the support ring 32 and the locking ring 33 and the locking ring 35, and the support ring 32 is relatively moved in the axial direction with respect to the roller 34 by this axial gap. Is possible. Therefore, when the inward component force f is applied, the support ring 32 is relatively moved to the base end side of the leg shaft and comes into contact with the locking ring 35, and accordingly, the inner peripheral surface 32c of the support ring 32 is The center line L1 passing through the center of curvature is shifted by Δh toward the base end side of the leg shaft with respect to the center line L2 passing through the center of curvature of the outer peripheral surface 34a of the roller 34. As a result, the magnitude of the inward component force f is as described above. Be encouraged. Then, due to the inward component force f, the roller mechanism A tilts clockwise with respect to the roller guide surface 14 in the drawing, and the outer periphery of the roller 34 is not loaded (not shown). There are many opportunities for the surface 34a to come into contact with the leg shaft proximal end portion of the roller guide surface 14, and the smooth rolling of the roller 34 is impeded, which may affect the induced thrust and slide resistance of the joint.
[0008]
Therefore, the present invention further reduces and stabilizes the induced thrust and slide resistance more effectively by suppressing the inclination of the roller mechanism caused by the inward component force, thereby lowering the vibration of the tripod type. A constant velocity universal joint is to be provided.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides an outer joint member having three track grooves in the axial direction on the inner peripheral portion and having axial roller guide surfaces on both sides of each track groove, and a radial direction. A tripod member having three protruding leg shafts, and a roller mechanism mounted on each leg shaft of the tripod member. The roller mechanism is parallel to the axis of the outer joint member along the roller guide surface. In a constant velocity universal joint that includes a guided roller and a support ring that rotatably supports the roller and is tiltable with respect to the leg shaft, an inward load applied to the contact portion between the leg shaft and the roller mechanism There is an inclination suppressing means for suppressing the roller mechanism from being inclined in a cross section orthogonal to the axis of the joint due to the component force. As an inclination restraining means, the outer peripheral surface of the roller and the roller guide surface are angularly contacted at two points, and the contact angle of the angular contact point on the base end side of the leg shaft is set to the angular contact point on the tip end side of the leg shaft. Larger than the contact angle Provide configuration. Here, as described above, the “inward component force” is the load load generated when the direction of the load applied to the contact portion between the leg shaft and the roller mechanism is shifted inward from the torque transmission direction. This is a load component in the direction of the base of the leg shaft.
[0010]
the above With this configuration, since the roller outer peripheral surface and the roller guide surface are in angular contact, the posture of the roller mechanism with respect to the roller guide surface is stable, and the contact angle of the angular contact point on the base end side of the leg shaft is increased. Since it is larger than the contact angle of the angular contact point on the distal end side of the leg shaft, the inward component force can be applied more at the angular contact point on the proximal end side of the leg shaft. Therefore, the inclination of the roller mechanism in the cross section orthogonal to the joint axis is suppressed, and smooth rolling of the roller is ensured. As a means for realizing the angular contact, the cross-sectional shape of the roller guide surface can be a Gothic arch shape, a taper shape (V shape), or a parabolic shape.
[0011]
Further, as the tilt suppressing means, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which the outer peripheral surface of the roller has an arcuate convex cross section having a center of curvature in the vicinity of a straight line passing through the contact portion in parallel with the axis. According to this configuration, the contact portion serving as the point of action of the inward component force and the center of curvature of the outer peripheral surface of the roller serving as the fulcrum of the tilt of the roller mechanism are in a positional relationship close to or coincident with the radial direction of the roller mechanism. Accordingly, the moment force of the tilt acting on the roller mechanism is reduced, so that the tilt of the roller mechanism in the cross section perpendicular to the joint axis is suppressed, and the smooth rolling of the roller is ensured.
[0012]
In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides an outer joint member having three track grooves in the axial direction formed on the inner peripheral portion and having axial roller guide surfaces on both sides of each track groove, and a radius A tripod member having three leg shafts protruding in the direction and a roller mechanism mounted on each leg shaft of the tripod member, the roller mechanism being parallel to the axis of the outer joint member along the roller guide surface. In a constant velocity universal joint that includes a roller guided in a direction and a support ring that rotatably supports the roller and is tiltable with respect to the leg shaft, a load load applied to a contact portion between the leg shaft and the roller mechanism Inclination suppression means for suppressing the roller mechanism from tilting in a cross section orthogonal to the axis of the joint due to the inward component force is provided, The inner peripheral surface of the support ring is an arc-shaped convex cross section, the outer peripheral surface of the leg shaft is a straight shape in the vertical cross section, and in the cross section is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the support ring in a direction orthogonal to the axis of the joint, In addition, there is a configuration in which a clearance is formed between the inner peripheral surface of the support ring in the axial direction of the joint. provide .
[0013]
Regarding the cross-sectional shape of the leg shaft, what is the shape that makes contact with the inner peripheral surface of the support ring in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the joint and forms a clearance between the inner peripheral surface of the support ring in the axial direction of the joint? In other words, it means a shape in which the surface portions of the tripod member facing each other in the axial direction are retracted in the mutual direction, that is, on the smaller diameter side than the virtual cylindrical surface. One specific example is a substantially elliptical shape. The “substantially elliptical shape” includes a shape generally called an oval shape, an oval shape, etc. in addition to an elliptical shape literally.
[0014]
Since the cross-sectional shape of the leg shaft, which has been circular in the past, is the above shape, the leg shaft is parallel to the joint axis without changing the posture of the roller mechanism (roller assembly) when the joint takes an operating angle. It can tilt with respect to the outer joint member within the cross section. In addition, since the contact ellipse between the outer peripheral surface of the leg shaft and the support ring approaches a point from the conventional horizontally long shape (see FIG. 1C), the frictional moment to tilt the roller mechanism is reduced. Therefore, the posture of the roller mechanism is stabilized, and the roller is held parallel to the roller guide surface, so that it can roll smoothly. Thereby, it contributes to the reduction of the slide resistance, and hence the induced thrust.
[0015]
The roller mechanism is interposed between the leg shaft and the outer joint member and plays a role of transmitting torque. In this type of constant velocity universal joint, the torque transmission direction is always perpendicular to the joint axis. Therefore, torque transmission is possible because the leg shaft and the support ring are in contact with each other in the torque transmission direction, and even if there is a gap between them in the axial direction of the joint, torque transmission will be hindered. Never do.
[0016]
The said structure WHEREIN: The bus-line of the internal peripheral surface of a support ring can be comprised by the circular arc part of a center part, and the escape part of both ends. The radius of curvature of the arc portion is preferably set to a size that allows the inclination of the leg shaft to be about 2 to 3 °.
[0017]
In the constant velocity universal joint having the above configuration, the roller and the support ring are relatively moved in the axial direction thereof by restricting the roller mechanism and the support ring from both sides by a locking means such as a locking ring or a locking rod. As a result, it is possible to ensure the integrity. However, it is necessary to secure an axial gap between the roller or the support ring and the locking means, and the support ring can be moved relative to the roller in the axial direction by the axial gap. Therefore, when the inward component force is applied, the support ring moves relative to the roller toward the base end side of the leg shaft, so that the center line passing through the center of curvature of the inner peripheral surface of the support ring becomes the outer peripheral surface of the roller. It shifts to the base end side of the leg axis with respect to the center line passing through the center of curvature. As a result, the magnitude of the inward component force is promoted. In order to prevent this, the curvature of the outer peripheral surface of the roller when the support ring is moved relative to the roller toward the base end side of the leg shaft due to the gap between the parts constituting the roller mechanism is used as the tilt suppressing means. A configuration in which a center line passing through the center and a center line passing through the center of curvature of the inner peripheral surface of the support ring coincide can be employed. According to this configuration, as a result of the reduction of the inward component force, the inclination of the roller mechanism in the cross section perpendicular to the joint axis is suppressed, and smooth rolling of the roller is ensured.
[0018]
Moreover, as said inclination suppression means, the outer peripheral surface of a leg axis | shaft can also be made into the inclined shape opened to the base end side in the longitudinal cross section. According to this configuration, even when the axis of the leg shaft is inclined with respect to the axis of the roller mechanism in a cross section orthogonal to the axis of the joint, the inclination of the outer peripheral surface of the leg shaft is suppressed or eliminated. Therefore, the inward component force is reduced, and as a result, the inclination of the roller mechanism in the cross section orthogonal to the axis of the joint is suppressed, and smooth rolling of the roller is ensured.
[0019]
The specific configuration of the tilt suppressing means described above may be employed alone or in combination of two or more configurations.
[0020]
In the above configuration, a plurality of rolling elements can be disposed between the support ring and the roller so that the support ring and the roller can be rotated relative to each other, and a needle roller, a ball, or the like can be used as the rolling element.
[0021]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.
[0022]
1 and 2 show a tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to the first embodiment. 1A shows a cross section orthogonal to the axis of the joint, FIG. 1B shows a cross section orthogonal to the axis of the leg shaft, FIG. 1C shows a cross section of the support ring, and FIG. In the cross-section parallel to the axis, the joint is in a state where it takes an operating angle (θ).
[0023]
As shown in FIG. 1, the constant velocity universal joint of this embodiment is mainly composed of an outer joint member 10 and a tripod member 20, and one of the two shafts to be connected is a shaft portion 10a of the outer joint member 10 (FIG. 2). The other is connected to the tripod member 20.
[0024]
The outer joint member 10 has three track grooves 12 extending in the axial direction on the inner periphery. Roller guide surfaces 14 are formed on the side walls of the track grooves 12 facing each other in the circumferential direction. The tripod member 20 has three leg shafts 22 protruding in the radial direction, and a roller 34 is attached to each leg shaft 22, and this roller 34 is accommodated in the track groove 12 of the outer joint member 10. . The outer peripheral surface 34 a of the roller 34 is a convex curved surface that fits the roller guide surface 14.
[0025]
Here, the outer peripheral surface 34a of the roller 34 is an arc-shaped convex cross section having an arc having a center of curvature at a position away from the axis of the leg shaft 22 in the radial direction, and the cross-sectional shape of the roller guide surface 14 is a Gothic arch shape. Thus, the outer peripheral surface 34a of the roller 34 and the roller guide surface 14 make an angular contact at two points. In addition, even if the cross-sectional shape of the roller guide surface 14 is a taper shape, a parabolic shape, etc. with respect to a spherical roller outer peripheral surface, both angular contact is implement | achieved. By adopting such a configuration in which the outer peripheral surface 34a of the roller 34 and the roller guide surface 14 form an angular contact at two points, the posture of the roller is stabilized. In the case where the angular contact is not employed, for example, the roller guide surface 14 is constituted by a part of a cylindrical surface whose axis is parallel to the axis of the outer joint member 10, and the cross-sectional shape thereof is a generatrix of the outer peripheral surface 34 a of the roller 34. It can also be an arc corresponding to.
[0026]
A support ring 32 is fitted on the outer peripheral surface 22 a of the leg shaft 22. The support ring 32 and the roller 34 are assembled (unitized) via a plurality of needle rollers 36 to form a roller mechanism (roller assembly) A that can be rotated relative to the support ring 32 and the roller 34.
[0027]
That is, as shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 5, the cylindrical outer peripheral surface of the support ring 32 is an inner raceway surface, and the cylindrical inner peripheral surface of the roller 34 is an outer raceway surface, and a plurality of needles are provided between these inner and outer raceway surfaces. A roller 36 is interposed so as to freely roll. In order to restrict relative movement of the support ring 32, the roller 34, and the needle roller 36 in the axial direction, locking means are provided on both sides of the roller mechanism A in the axial direction. In the example shown in the figure, the locking means on both sides are constituted by locking rings 33 and 35, which are fitted in circumferential grooves 34c and 34d provided on the inner periphery of the end of the roller 34, respectively. There are slight axial gaps between the locking rings 33 and 35 and the support ring 32 and between the locking rings 33 and 35 and the needle roller 36, respectively. Thus, the locking rings 33 and 35 mounted on the roller 34 come into contact with the end surface of the support ring 32 and the end surface of the needle roller 36, so that these members move relative to the roller 34 in the axial direction. To regulate. The locking rings 33 and 35 are, for example, divided rings that are partially divided by slits. Further, as shown in FIG. 1B, the needle roller 36 is incorporated in a so-called all-roller state in which as many rollers as possible are inserted and there is no cage.
[0028]
Alternatively, as the roller mechanism A, the structure shown in FIG. In this example, the locking means on one side of the roller mechanism A is constituted by a locking ring 33, and the locking means on the other side is constituted by a locking rod 34e. The locking ring 33 is fitted into a circumferential groove 34 c provided on the inner periphery of one end of the roller 34. The locking rod 34e is integrally provided at the other end of the roller 34. Compared to the structure shown in FIG. 5, the assembly clearance due to the other-side locking means being constituted by a locking ring is eliminated, and the axial clearance between the support ring 32 and the needle roller 36 can be halved. There is.
[0029]
The outer peripheral surface 22a of the leg shaft 22 has a straight shape parallel to the axis of the leg shaft 22 when viewed in the longitudinal section {FIG. 1 (A)}, and the major axis is viewed in the transverse section {FIG. 1 (B)}. It has an elliptical shape orthogonal to the joint axis. The cross-sectional shape of the leg shaft is substantially elliptical by reducing the thickness of the tripod member 20 viewed in the axial direction. In other words, the cross-sectional shape of the leg shaft is such that the surfaces facing each other in the axial direction of the tripod member are retracted in the mutual direction, that is, on the smaller diameter side than the virtual cylindrical surface.
[0030]
The inner peripheral surface 32c of the support ring 32 has an arcuate convex cross section. That is, the generatrix of the inner peripheral surface 32c is a convex arc with a radius r {FIG. 1 (C)}. Since the cross-sectional shape of the leg shaft 22 is substantially elliptical as described above and a predetermined clearance is provided between the leg shaft 22 and the support ring 32, the support ring 32 is connected to the leg shaft 22 by this. In addition to being able to move in the axial direction, it can be tilted with respect to the leg shaft 22. Further, as described above, since the support ring 32 and the roller 34 are assembled so as to be relatively rotatable via the needle roller 36 (roller mechanism A), the support ring 32 and the roller 34 can be tilted as a unit with respect to the leg shaft 22. Is in a relationship. Here, tilting means that the axis of the support ring 32 and the roller 34 (the axis of the roller mechanism A) is tilted with respect to the axis of the leg shaft 22 in a plane including the axis of the leg shaft 22.
[0031]
As described above, in the constant velocity universal joint of this embodiment, the cross section of the leg shaft 22 is substantially elliptical, and the cross section of the inner peripheral surface 32c of the support ring 32 is an arcuate convex cross section. As indicated by a broken line in (C), the contact ellipse of both is close to a point, and the area is also reduced at the same time. Accordingly, the force for tilting the roller mechanism A is greatly reduced as compared with the conventional one, and the posture stability of the roller 34 is further improved.
[0032]
Furthermore, in this embodiment, an inclination suppressing means as shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 7 is provided. That is, the outer peripheral surface 34a of the roller 34 and the roller guide surface 14 are angularly contacted at two points p and q, and the contact angle α of the angular contact point q on the base end side of the leg shaft is set. 1 , The contact angle α of the angular contact point p on the leg shaft tip side 0 Larger than (α 1 > Α 0 ). According to this configuration, since the outer peripheral surface 34a of the roller 34 and the roller guide surface 14 are in two-point p and q angular contact, the posture of the roller mechanism A with respect to the roller guide surface 14 is stable, and the contact angle α 1 The contact angle α 0 Therefore, a large amount of inward component force f can be applied at the angular contact point q on the base end side of the leg shaft. For this reason, the inclination of the roller mechanism A within the plane of the drawing (in the cross section perpendicular to the axis of the joint) is suppressed, and the smooth rolling of the roller 34 is ensured.
[0033]
8-10 has expanded and shown the inclination suppression means of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint which concerns on 2nd-4th embodiment. In addition, since the other structure of the tripod type | mold constant velocity universal joint which concerns on 2nd-4th embodiment is the same as the tripod type | mold constant velocity universal joint which concerns on 1st Embodiment, description is abbreviate | omitted.
[0034]
The inclination suppressing means according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is caused by a gap between components constituting the roller mechanism A, in this example, an axial gap between the support ring 32 and the locking rings 33 and 35. Thus, when the support ring 32 moves relative to the roller 34 toward the base end side of the leg shaft, the center line L2 passing through the center of curvature of the outer peripheral surface 34a of the roller 34 and the center of curvature of the inner peripheral surface 32c of the support ring 32 pass. The center line Ll is made to coincide. This configuration can be realized, for example, by shifting the center line L1 of the support ring 32 from the axial center (the axial center of the support ring 32) by Δh from the leg shaft tip side. According to this configuration, as a result of the reduction of the inward component force f, the inclination of the roller mechanism A within the plane of the drawing (in the cross section perpendicular to the axis of the joint) is suppressed, and smooth rolling of the roller 34 is ensured. Is done.
[0035]
The inclination suppressing means according to the third embodiment shown in FIG. 9 is a circle having a radius R and having an outer peripheral surface 34a of the roller 34 having a center of curvature O1 in the vicinity of a straight line L3 passing through the contact portion S parallel to the axis of the roller 34. It has an arcuate convex cross section. According to this configuration, the contact portion S that is the point of action of the inward component force f and the center of curvature O1 of the outer peripheral surface 34a of the roller 34 that is the fulcrum of inclination of the roller mechanism A are close to each other in the radial direction of the roller mechanism A. Therefore, the moment force of the inclination acting on the roller mechanism A becomes small. For this reason, the inclination of the roller mechanism A within the plane of the drawing (in the cross section perpendicular to the axis of the joint) is suppressed, and the smooth rolling of the roller 34 is ensured. The center of curvature O1 of the outer peripheral surface 34a of the roller 34 may be set on the straight line L3 (Δt = 0).
[0036]
The inclination suppressing means according to the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 10 is such that the outer peripheral surface 22a of the leg shaft 22 is inclined to the proximal end side in the longitudinal section. In the example shown in the figure, when the inclination angle of the outer peripheral surface 22a is inclined by an angle β with respect to the axis Y of the roller mechanism A in the manner described above, the outer peripheral surface 22a of the roller mechanism A is The angle is parallel to the axis Y, that is, the same angle (β) as the inclination angle β of the leg shaft 22. According to this configuration, since there is no deviation between the direction of the load F and the torque transmission direction, the inward component force f is not generated, and as a result, within the plane of the drawing (in the cross section orthogonal to the joint axis). The inclination of the roller mechanism A is suppressed, and the smooth rolling of the roller 34 is ensured. Even when the inclination angle of the outer peripheral surface 22a is less than β, a certain effect can be expected in reducing the inward component force f and thereby suppressing the inclination of the roller mechanism A.
[0037]
The tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to the first to fourth embodiments described above employs the inclination suppressing means (FIGS. 7 to 10) alone, but two or more inclination suppressing means. May be used in combination.
[0038]
3 and 4 show a tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. In the constant velocity universal joint of this embodiment, the bus bar of the inner peripheral surface 32c of the support ring 32 is formed by a single arc in the constant velocity universal joint of the above-described embodiment, whereas the central arc portion It is different in that it is formed by a combination of 32a and relief portions 32b on both sides thereof. The escape portion 32b is a portion for avoiding interference with the leg shaft 22 when the operating angle (θ) is taken as shown in FIG. 3 (C), and from the end of the arc portion 32a to the end of the support ring 32. It consists of a straight line or a curve that gradually increases in diameter. Here, a case where the escape portion 32b is a part of a conical surface having a cone angle α = 50 ° is illustrated. The arc portion 32a has a large radius of curvature (r) of about 30 mm, for example, in order to allow an inclination of about 2 to 3 ° of the leg shaft 22 with respect to the support ring 32. In the tripod type constant velocity universal joint, the tripod member 20 swings about the center of the outer joint member 10 three times when the outer joint member 10 makes one rotation. At this time, the amount of eccentricity represented by the symbol e {FIG. 2 (A)} increases in proportion to the operating angle (θ). The three leg shafts 22 are separated by 120 °, but when the operating angle (θ) is taken, the vertical leg shafts 22 appearing on the upper side of the figure as shown in FIG. 2B. The other two leg shafts 22 are slightly tilted from their axes when the operating angle is 0 indicated by a one-dot chain line. The inclination is about 2 to 3 ° when the operating angle (θ) is about 23 °, for example. Since this inclination is reasonably allowed by the curvature of the arc portion 32a of the inner peripheral surface 32c of the support ring 32, it is possible to prevent the surface pressure at the contact portion between the leg shaft 22 and the support ring 32 from becoming excessively high. it can. 2B schematically shows the three leg shafts 22 of the tripod member 20 viewed from the left side of FIG. 2A, and the solid line represents the leg shaft. Also in the constant velocity universal joint of this embodiment, the same inclination suppressing means as the structure shown in FIGS. 7 to 10 can be used alone or in combination of two or more structures in a cross section orthogonal to the axis of the joint. The roller mechanism A is restrained from tilting to ensure smooth rolling of the roller 34. Note that the structure shown in FIG. 6 may be adopted as the locking means of the roller mechanism A.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the induced thrust and slide resistance of the joint can be more effectively suppressed by suppressing the inclination of the roller mechanism due to the inward component of the load applied to the contact portion between the leg shaft and the roller mechanism. A tripod type constant velocity universal joint that is reduced and stable, thereby lowering vibration can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows a tripod constant velocity universal joint according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 (A) is an end view partly in section, and FIG. 1 (B) is in FIG. 1 (A). FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view of a support ring for explaining a contact ellipse.
2A is a longitudinal sectional view of the constant velocity universal joint of FIG. 1 and shows a state in which an operating angle is taken, and FIG. 2B is a schematic view of the tripod member in FIG. 2A. It is a side view.
3A and 3B show a tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 3A is an end view partly in section, and FIG. 3B is in FIG. A cross-sectional view perpendicular to the leg axis, FIG. 3C is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a state where the operating angle is taken.
4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the support ring in FIG. 3. FIG.
5 is a partially enlarged sectional view of the roller mechanism in FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG.
FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged sectional view showing another embodiment of the roller mechanism.
7 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an inclination suppressing means of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint of FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an inclination suppressing means of a tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an inclination suppressing means of a tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an inclination suppressing means of a tripod constant velocity universal joint according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a partial sectional view showing a state when no load is applied to the joint.
FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view for explaining generation of inward component force.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 Outer joint member
12 Track groove
14 Roller guide surface
20 Tripod members
22 Leg axis
22a outer peripheral surface
32 Support ring
32c Inner peripheral surface
34 Laura
34a outer peripheral surface
36 Needle roller
p Angular contact point
q Angular contact point
α 0 Contact angle
α 1 Contact angle
S Contact part
L1 Centerline passing through the center of curvature of the inner peripheral surface of the support ring
L2 Centerline passing through the center of curvature of the outer peripheral surface of the roller
L3 Straight line passing through the contact part S

Claims (9)

内周部に軸方向の3本のトラック溝が形成され、各トラック溝の両側にそれぞれ軸方向のローラ案内面を有する外側継手部材と、半径方向に突出した3本の脚軸を有するトリポード部材と、前記トリポード部材の各脚軸にそれぞれ装着されたローラ機構とを備え、前記ローラ機構は、前記ローラ案内面に沿って外側継手部材の軸線と平行な方向に案内されるローラと、前記ローラを回転可能に支持する支持リングとを含み、前記脚軸に対して傾動自在である等速自在継手において、
前記脚軸と前記ローラ機構との接触部に加わる負荷荷重の内向き分力に起因して、前記ローラ機構が継手の軸線と直交する断面内で傾くのを抑制する傾き抑制手段が設けられ、
前記傾き抑制手段として、前記ローラの外周面と前記ローラ案内面とを2点でアンギュラコンタクトさせると共に、脚軸基端側のアンギュラコンタクト点の接触角を、脚軸先端側のアンギュラコンタクト点の接触角よりも大きくしたことを特徴とする等速自在継手。
Tripod member having three axial groove tracks on the inner periphery, outer joint members having axial roller guide surfaces on both sides of each track groove, and three leg shafts projecting in the radial direction And a roller mechanism mounted on each leg shaft of the tripod member, the roller mechanism being guided in a direction parallel to the axis of the outer joint member along the roller guide surface, and the roller A constant velocity universal joint that includes a support ring that rotatably supports the leg shaft and is tiltable with respect to the leg shaft.
Inclination suppression means is provided for suppressing the inclination of the roller mechanism in a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the joint due to the inward component of the load applied to the contact portion between the leg shaft and the roller mechanism ,
As the tilt suppressing means, the outer peripheral surface of the roller and the roller guide surface are angularly contacted at two points, and the contact angle of the angular contact point on the leg shaft proximal side is set to the contact of the angular contact point on the leg shaft distal end side. A constant velocity universal joint characterized in that it is larger than the corner .
前記傾き抑制手段として、前記ローラの外周面を、その軸線と平行で前記接触部を通る直線の近傍に曲率中心を有する円弧状凸断面とした請求項記載の等速自在継手。Examples tilt suppressing means, the outer peripheral surface of the roller, the constant velocity universal joint according to claim 1, wherein the arc-shaped convex cross-section having a center of curvature in the vicinity of the straight line passing through the contact portion in parallel to its axis. 内周部に軸方向の3本のトラック溝が形成され、各トラック溝の両側にそれぞれ軸方向のローラ案内面を有する外側継手部材と、半径方向に突出した3本の脚軸を有するトリポード部材と、前記トリポード部材の各脚軸にそれぞれ装着されたローラ機構とを備え、前記ローラ機構は、前記ローラ案内面に沿って外側継手部材の軸線と平行な方向に案内されるローラと、前記ローラを回転可能に支持する支持リングとを含み、前記脚軸に対して傾動自在である等速自在継手において、
前記脚軸と前記ローラ機構との接触部に加わる負荷荷重の内向き分力に起因して、前記ローラ機構が継手の軸線と直交する断面内で傾くのを抑制する傾き抑制手段が設けられ、
前記支持リングの内周面は円弧状凸断面であり、前記脚軸の外周面は縦断面においてはストレート形状で、横断面においては継手の軸線と直交する方向で前記支持リングの内周面と接触し、かつ、継手の軸線方向で前記支持リングの内周面との間にすきまを形成するようになっていることを特徴とする等速自在継手。
Tripod member having three axial groove tracks on the inner periphery, outer joint members having axial roller guide surfaces on both sides of each track groove, and three leg shafts projecting in the radial direction And a roller mechanism mounted on each leg shaft of the tripod member, the roller mechanism being guided in a direction parallel to the axis of the outer joint member along the roller guide surface, and the roller A constant velocity universal joint that includes a support ring that rotatably supports the leg shaft and is tiltable with respect to the leg shaft.
Inclination suppression means is provided for suppressing the inclination of the roller mechanism in a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the joint due to the inward component of the load applied to the contact portion between the leg shaft and the roller mechanism,
The inner peripheral surface of the support ring is an arc-shaped convex cross section, the outer peripheral surface of the leg shaft is straight in the longitudinal section, and in the transverse section, the inner peripheral surface of the support ring is perpendicular to the axis of the joint. A constant velocity universal joint that is in contact with each other and that forms a gap with the inner peripheral surface of the support ring in the axial direction of the joint.
前記傾き抑制手段として、前記ローラの外周面と前記ローラ案内面とを2点でアンギュラコンタクトさせると共に、脚軸基端側のアンギュラコンタクト点の接触角を、脚軸先端側のアンギュラコンタクト点の接触角よりも大きくした請求項記載の等速自在継手。As the tilt suppressing means, the outer peripheral surface of the roller and the roller guide surface are angularly contacted at two points, and the contact angle of the angular contact point on the leg shaft proximal side is set to the contact of the angular contact point on the leg shaft distal end side. The constant velocity universal joint according to claim 3 , wherein the constant velocity universal joint is larger than a corner. 前記傾き抑制手段として、前記ローラの外周面を、その軸線と平行で前記接触部を通る直線の近傍に曲率中心を有する円弧状凸断面とした請求項3又は4記載の等速自在継手。5. The constant velocity universal joint according to claim 3 , wherein, as the inclination suppressing means, the outer peripheral surface of the roller is an arc-shaped convex cross section having a center of curvature in the vicinity of a straight line passing through the contact portion in parallel with the axis thereof. 前記脚軸の横断面が、継手の軸線と直交する長軸をもった略楕円形である請求項記載の等速自在継手。The constant velocity universal joint according to claim 3, wherein a cross section of the leg shaft is substantially elliptical with a major axis orthogonal to the axis of the joint. 前記傾き抑制手段として、前記ローラ機構を構成する部品間の隙間に起因して前記支持リングが前記ローラに対して脚軸基端側に相対移動した時に、前記ローラの外周面の曲率中心を通る中心線と前記支持リングの内周面の曲率中心を通る中心線とが一致するようした請求項3から6の何れかに記載の等速自在継手。When the support ring moves relative to the roller toward the base end side of the leg shaft due to a gap between components constituting the roller mechanism, the tilt suppression means passes through the center of curvature of the outer peripheral surface of the roller. the constant velocity universal joint according to claim 3 in which the center line is to match through the center line and the center of curvature of the inner peripheral surface of the support ring 6. 前記傾き抑制手段として、前記脚軸の外周面を縦断面において脚軸基端側に開いた傾斜状にした請求項3から7の何れかに記載の等速自在継手。The constant velocity universal joint according to any one of claims 3 to 7 , wherein, as the inclination suppressing means, the outer peripheral surface of the leg shaft is inclined in the longitudinal section so as to open to the base end side of the leg shaft. 前記ローラと前記支持リングとの間に複数の転動体が転動自在に介装されている請求項1からの何れかに記載の等速自在継手。The constant velocity universal joint according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein a plurality of rolling elements are rotatably interposed between the roller and the support ring.
JP2000130259A 2000-03-31 2000-04-28 Constant velocity universal joint Expired - Lifetime JP3874992B2 (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000130259A JP3874992B2 (en) 2000-04-28 2000-04-28 Constant velocity universal joint
US09/816,775 US6632143B2 (en) 2000-03-31 2001-03-26 Constant velocity universal joint
FR0104346A FR2807125B1 (en) 2000-03-31 2001-03-30 UNIVERSAL HOMOCINETIC JOINT
FR0213365A FR2831935B1 (en) 2000-03-31 2002-10-25 HOMOCINETIC UNIVERSAL SEAL COMPRISING MEANS FOR SUPPRESSING THE SWITCHING BETWEEN THE TOURILLONS AND THE ROLLERS
US10/339,464 US6726570B2 (en) 2000-03-31 2003-01-10 Constant velocity universal joint
US10/800,650 US7118485B2 (en) 2000-03-31 2004-03-16 Constant velocity universal joint
US11/515,851 US7316620B2 (en) 2000-03-31 2006-09-06 Constant velocity universal joint
US11/653,910 US7354347B2 (en) 2000-03-31 2007-01-17 Constant velocity universal joint

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EP2128469A1 (en) * 2007-03-08 2009-12-02 JTEKT Corporation Sliding tripod constant velocity joint
KR100839545B1 (en) 2007-03-29 2008-06-19 자동차부품연구원 Tripod type constant velocity joint for vibration reduction
JP5767273B2 (en) * 2013-04-22 2015-08-19 本田技研工業株式会社 Tripod type constant velocity joint

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