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JP3878739B2 - Sowing equipment - Google Patents
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JP3878739B2 - Sowing equipment - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP3878739B2
JP3878739B2 JP09242198A JP9242198A JP3878739B2 JP 3878739 B2 JP3878739 B2 JP 3878739B2 JP 09242198 A JP09242198 A JP 09242198A JP 9242198 A JP9242198 A JP 9242198A JP 3878739 B2 JP3878739 B2 JP 3878739B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
seed
seeds
hopper
stand
nozzle
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JP09242198A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH11266611A (en
Inventor
田 久 也 山
前 健 介 大
山 正 直 上
本 敏 雄 橋
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Yanmar Agricultural Equipment Co Ltd
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Yanmar Agricultural Equipment Co Ltd
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Priority to JP09242198A priority Critical patent/JP3878739B2/en
Publication of JPH11266611A publication Critical patent/JPH11266611A/en
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、例えばキュウリ或いはカボチャ等の野菜苗の接ぎ木作業の前工程にあって、これら偏平状種子の整列播種を行って、苗の子葉を略一定方向に揃えるようにした播種装置に関する。
【0002】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来、種子ホッパ内よりノズル状の種子台上端に一粒の種子を確実に吸着させて取出すようにした方法に、バイブレータでホッパを振動させたりホッパ自体を回動させるなどして、ホッパ内の種子の流動を促進させる手段があったが、種子台上端に二粒以上の種子が吸着するなど今一つ確実性に欠けるという問題があった。
【0003】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の課題を解決するための手段は、次の如くである。
請求項1においては、種子(A)を貯留する種子ホッパ(4)内に下側から、上端に種子吸着ノズル(19)を設けた種子台(5)を突入させ、該種子吸着ノズル(19)の上端に、一粒の種子(A)を吸着して取出し、一定高さ上昇させるようにした播種装置において、種子取出し動作前に該種子台(5)を一定量反復昇降動作させるように設けたものである。
【0004】
請求項2においては、種子(A)を貯留する種子ホッパ(4)内に下側から、上端に種子吸着ノズル(19)を設けた種子台(5)を突入させ、該種子吸着ノズル(19)の上端に、一粒の種子(A)を吸着して取出し、一定高さ上昇させるようにした播種装置において、該種子台(5)の上昇速度を、最上位置に達するときの衝撃が小となり、該種子吸着ノズル(19)先端に吸着する一粒及び二粒以上の種子(A)に弱い衝撃を与えて、一 粒種子(A)以外をふるい落とす緩速度に設定すると共に、最上位置まで上昇させた後に一定量下降させ、再度最上位置まで上昇させて種子の取出しを行うように設けたものである。
【0005】
請求項3においては、種子(A)を貯留する種子ホッパ(4)内に下側から、上端に種子吸着ノズル(19)を設けた種子台(5)を突入させ、該種子吸着ノズル(19)の上端に、一粒の種子(A)を吸着して取出し、一定高さ上昇させるようにした播種装置において、該種子台(5)を傾斜方向に昇降動作させるように設けたものである。
【0006】
請求項4においては、種子(A)を貯留する種子ホッパ(4)内に下側から、上端に種子吸着ノズル(19)を設けた種子台(5)を突入させ、該種子吸着ノズル(19)の上端に、一粒の種子(A)を吸着して取出し、一定高さ上昇させるようにした播種装置において、該種子台(5)の上昇速度を変速調整自在に設けたものである。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて詳述する。
図1は播種装置の側面図、図2は同正面図である。
例えば8×16穴のポットを有するトレイ(1)を搬送する播種コンベア(2)上に播種装置(3)を配備させるもので、前記播種装置(3)は、キュウリ或いはカボチャなどの偏平種子(A)を貯留する種子ホッパ(4)と、前記ホッパ(4)内から一粒の種子(A)を吸着して一定高さ上昇させる横一列8つの種子台(5)と、一定高さ上昇させる種子台(5)上端の種子(A)を送風機からの送風圧でもって吸引して播種位置まで搬送する種子搬送部材である逆U字形の搬送パイプ(6)と、前記搬送パイプ(6)の出口下方位置に配設している、該パイプ(6)からの種子(A)を投入する播種ガイド(7)と、前記播種ガイド(7)の下端開口部を開閉する播種シャッタ(8)とを具備している。
図7に示す如く、前記播種シャッタ(8)の前方位置に配設して播種トレイ(1)の各ポット(1a)内に充填される養土(B)表面に側面視V字形の播種溝(C)を形成する鎮圧具(9)とを備えている。
前記鎮圧具(9)によって形成される播種溝(C)上に、前記シャッタ(8)の開時に播種ガイド(7)より放出される種子(A)を落下させて播種を行うように構成している。
【0008】
図3乃至図5にも示す如く、前記種子ホッパ(4)は側面及び正面からの断面形状をV字形状に形成し、上部及び下部の開口部(10)(11)を平面視長方形状に形成する一方、下部開口部(11)に正面視山形の仕切り板(12)を設けて、各種子台(5)に対応する開口(11a)を仕切り板(12)間及びホッパ(4)側板と仕切り板(12)間にそれぞれ形成している。
そして、空気流通孔(13)を中央部に貫設する円柱形の各種子台(5)下端を、連結フレーム(14)に立設固定させると共に、播種装置(3)の播種フレーム(15)に固設する種子昇降シリンダ(16)のピストンロッド(17)先端に連結フレーム(14)を介して前記種子台(5)下端を連結支持させて、前記ホッパ(4)内に下部開口(11a)より種子台(5)を上下動自在に臨ませるように構成している。
【0009】
前記種子台(5)上端には、Oリング(18)を介して、種子吸着ノズル(19)を取外し自在に嵌着させるもので、該ノズル(19)の上端円錐面中央の平坦部(19a)には前記流通孔(13)に連通させる小径(約0.5〜1mm)の種子吸着孔(20)を開設する一方、前記流通孔(13)下部をホース(21a)などを介し真空ポンプなど吸引機やコンプレッサー或いは送風機に連通接続させて、前記シリンダ(16)により種子台(5)の一定高さ上昇時に各ノズル(19)の吸着孔(20)に各一粒毎の種子を吸着して上昇させるように構成している。
そして、吸着孔(20)の孔径の、異なるノズル(19)との取替えを容易とさせて、種子(A)の品種や形状に対応させた吸着孔(20)のノズル(19)を用いて、該ノズル(19)の一粒吸着精度を向上させるように構成している。
【0010】
また、前記種子ホッパ(5)の上方位置に、エアエゼクタ(22)及びエアブロー部(23)を一体形成する種子吸引体(24)を配設させ、8本の各搬送パイプ(6)の入口側を吸引体(24)にボルト(25)を介し取外し自在に連通接続させるもので、前記吸引体(24)は各種子台(5)に対応する吸引筒(26)を下部にそれぞれ内設させ、吸引筒(26)の下部に形成する下傾斜の空気噴出部である空気噴出孔(27)によってエアブロー部(23)を形成する。
それと共に、吸引筒(26)の上部に形成する上傾斜の空気噴出孔(28)と、噴出孔(28)に沿う吸引体(24)の空気流通路(29)のテーパ面(29a)と、吸引筒(26)の内径通路(30)とでエゼクタ(22)を形成している。
そして、各噴出孔(27)(28)をホース(21b)(21c)などを介しコンプレッサー或いは送風機に連通接続させて、前記種子台(5)の上昇時には前記ノズル(19)の吸着孔(20)に吸着する種子(A)に対し、エアブロー部(23)から空気を噴出させて、吸着する以外の種子などを吹き飛ばし落下させると共に、エアブロー部(23)の空気噴出の停止、また吸着孔(20)の吸引の停止状態で、前記エゼクタ(22)において噴出孔(28)からの噴出流によって吸引筒(26)の内径通路(30)に負圧に伴う吸引流が発生するとき、前記ノズル(19)上面の種子(A)をこの吸引流で吸込んで播種位置まで気流搬送するように構成している。
【0011】
また、前記空気噴出孔(27)(28)は吸引筒(26)の外周円周状に例えば3ケ所(120゜間隔)に設け、噴出孔(27)(28)の孔径や噴出方向(角度)の異なる吸引筒(26)との取替えを自在に吸引体(24)に嵌合固定させて、種子(A)の品種や形状に適正に対応させた空気噴出を行うように構成している。
なお、噴出孔(27)(28)の噴出方向(角度)や孔径の異なる吸引筒(26)の取換以外に、噴出孔(27)(28)の噴出方向(角度)や孔径を直接的に調節可能とする構成でも良い。
【0012】
図6乃至図7に示す如く、前記播種ガイド(7)は搬送パイプ(6)の出口側に一体接続する放出ガイド(31)の出口下方に、上部をV形状とする種子投入穴(32)を臨ませている。該投入穴(32)の下側をシャッタ開閉シリンダ(33)によりシャッタ(8)で閉塞するとき、搬送パイプ(6)からの種子(A)を投入穴(32)内でシャッタ(8)上に滞留させ、シャッタ開閉シリンダ(33)によってシャッタ(8)を開とさせるとき、投入穴(32)内で種子(A)の姿勢を整えてトレイ(1)内に落下させ、前記鎮圧具(9)の昇降シリンダ(9a)の下降動作時に鎮圧具(9)によって形成される播種溝(C)上に種子(A)の播種を行うように構成している。
【0013】
図8に示す如く、前記放出ガイド(31)の出口に、逆円錐形で周面に多数の網目である排気孔(34)を有する円筒網目状の排出口体(35)を一体的に連結させる。
それと共に、下部が小径で上部が大径の播種ガイド(36)を前記シャッタ(8)と排出口体(35)に配設して、パイプ(6)内で種子(A)を搬送する空気を排気孔(34)より外側に排出させて、シャッタ(8)上に種子が落下するときの衝撃の緩和や、排出口体(35)から放出されるときの排気風による種子(A)の飛散などを防止するように構成している。
【0014】
また、図9に示す如く、前記種子ホッパ(4)の外側面にホッパ(4)に振動を加えるバイブレータ(37)を必要に応じ固定させるもので、種子(A)同志のブリッジ現象を防止し、ホッパ(4)内の種子量が減少する場合でも種子台(5)付近となるホッパ(4)中央部に種子を集めるように構成している。
【0015】
図10に示す如く、前記種子台(5)の上昇速度を調整する上昇制御弁(流量制御弁)(38)と、種子台(5)を上昇及び下降制御する上昇及び下降切換弁(39)とをコンプレッサー(40)と前記昇降シリンダ(16)の空圧回路間に介設すると共に、前記種子台(5)の空気流通孔(13)に送り込む空気圧及び真空圧の切換えを行う空気圧及び真空圧切換弁(41)と、空気圧及び真空圧のそれぞれの調整を行う空気圧及び真空圧調整弁(42)(43)とを前記種子台(5)とコンプレッサー(40)及び真空ポンプ(44)との接続回路間に介設している。
前記吸引体(24)の空気噴出孔(27)(28)から噴出する空気圧を調整するエアブロー及びエゼクタ用空気圧調整弁(45)(46)と、前記コンプレッサー(40)からの送給空気を、エアブロー部(23)及びエゼクタ(22)に切換える搬送用供給空気切換弁(47)とを各種子吸引筒(26)とコンプレッサー(40)との空気圧回路間にそれぞれ介設して、種子ホッパ(4)内から搬送パイプ(6)に種子1粒の取出しを行うように構成している。
【0016】
そして、図11に示す如く、播種作業の自動を開始する自動スイッチ(48)と、種子台(5)の上昇速度を設定する前記上昇制御弁(38)の種子台上昇速度設定器(49)と、前記種子台(5)のノズル(19)の空気吸込圧及び空気吹出圧を調整する前記調整弁(43)(42)の空気吸込圧及び吹出圧設定器(50)(51)と、前記空気噴出孔(27)(28)からの空気噴出圧を設定する前記空気圧調整弁(45)(46)のエアブロー圧及びエゼクタ圧設定器(52)(53)と、空気圧調整弁(45)(46)の動作時間を操作して空気噴出孔(27)(28)からの空気噴出時間の調整を行うエアブロー及びエゼクタ作動時間設定器(54)(55)とをコントローラ(56)に接続させる。
それと共に、前記種子台上昇制御弁(38)及び上昇及び下降切換弁(39)と、空気圧及び真空圧切換弁(41)と、空気圧及び真空圧調整弁(42)(43)と、エアブロー及びエゼクタ用空気圧調整弁(45)(46)にコントローラ(56)を接続させて、前記種子ホッパ(4)内の種子(A)の1粒を上昇する種子台(5)のノズル(19)上端に吸着させてホッパ(4)より取出してから、搬送パイプ(6)にエゼクタ(22)の吸引力で吸込んで搬送するまでの一連の作業を自動で行うように構成している。
【0017】
而して、図12、図13に示す如く、自動スイッチ(48)のオン操作によって種子(A)の自動整列播種作業を行うに際しては、前記各設定器(49)〜(55)によって、種子台(5)の上昇速度、種子台(5)の空気吸込圧及び吹出圧、搬送パイプ(6)のエアブロー圧及びエゼクタ圧とエアブロー及びエゼクタ作動時間のそれぞれの設定を行う。
それと共に、設定後で前記ノズル(19)上端面がホッパ(4)底部と略一致する種子台(5)の最下位置(図13の1)のとき、ホッパ(4)内の上下略中間高さ位置まで種子台(5)を上昇(図13の2)させた後、最下位置まで種子台(5)を下降(図13の3)させ、さらに種子台(5)をホッパ(4)内の上下略中間高さ位置まで上昇(図13の4)させた後、再度最下位置まで下降(図13の5)させ、この下降時に種子台(5)の流通孔(13)を真空吸引状態とさせて一粒の種子(A)をノズル(19)の吸着孔(20)に吸着させる。
その後種子台(5)を最上位置まで上昇(図13の6)させて、ノズル(19)上端に吸着させる一粒の種子(A)を前記吸引筒(26)の下端部に近接させる(上昇及び下降の反復回数は2回以上任意で良い)。
このように種子台(5)を最下位置から最上位置まで上昇させる間に、下降及び上昇の一定量の昇降動作を繰り返すことによって、ホッパ(4)内の種子(A)が掻き回されて、種子(A)の流動性が良好となって前記ノズル(19)に対する種子(A)一粒の吸着精度が向上するものであり、前記バイブレータ(37)を必要によりホッパ(4)に装備させることによって、種子(A)間で発生するブリッジ現象を防止してより一層の吸着精度の向上が図れるものである。
【0018】
そして、種子台(5)の最上位置までの上昇時にあっては、前記エアブロー部(23)の噴出孔(27)から、所定圧力の空気が一定時間だけノズル(19)の種子(A)に向って噴出(エアブロー)されて、ノズル(19)に吸着される一粒以下を吹き飛ばしてノズル(19)上端には一粒の種子(A)のみを吸着保持させ、次に種子(A)の吸着をオフ(真空吸引を停止)とさせ、エゼクタ(22)の噴出孔(28)から所定圧の空気を一定時間噴出させるとき、エゼクタ(22)で発生する負圧吸引力でノズル(19)上端の種子(A)をパイプ(6)内に吸込んで、パイプ(6)他端の播種位置まで確実に空気力で搬送するものである。
また、エゼクタ(22)からの負圧吸引力で種子(A)の吸込時においては、ノズル(19)の吸着孔(20)からも一定時間の空気吹出しが行われてパイプ(6)内への種子(A)の吸込みが一層助長されるものである。
【0019】
本実施例は上記の如く構成するものにして、1本の搬送パイプ(6)を用いた簡潔構造の搬送手段によって、極めて短時間に種子(A)を吸引して播種位置まで確実に搬送可能とさせるもので、前記ノズル(19)の円錐面中央に種子(A)形状及び大きさに合った平坦部(19a)を設けることによって、種子(A)が常に平面状態(寝た状態)での一粒の良好な吸着が行われる。
それと共に、種子台(5)が最上位置までに上昇する間の昇降動作の反復によって、ノズル(19)に対する種子(A)一粒の良好な吸着が促進されるものである。
【0020】
また、前記種子台(5)の上昇速度を可変とさせることにより、ノズル(19)と種子(A)が接触するときの衝撃力を変化させ、種子(A)の品種や形状に適した衝撃に調整可能とさせて二粒吸着など減少させ、一粒吸着精度を向上させることができる。
【0021】
さらに、前記ホッパ(4)に設ける仕切り板(12)によって各種子台(5)に対応する開口(11a)をホッパ(4)に形成することによって、種子残量が少ない場合でも略均等に各開口(11a)に種子(A)が確実に分配供給されて、種子台(5)の吸着精度を向上させることができる。
【0022】
またさらに、種子(A)の品種や形状に対応させた吸着孔(20)の変更も前記ノズル(19)の取換えで容易とさせることができて、一粒吸着精度の向上を極めて簡単な手段によって経済性良好に可能とさせることができる。
【0023】
また、前記エゼクタ(22)及びエアブロー部(23)を形成する吸引筒(26)を、各種子台(5)の1つ毎に装備させることによって、他の種子台(5)の吸引状況などの影響を受けることのない常に安定した良好な各種子台(5)毎の種子吸引作業を行うことができる。
【0024】
図14に示すものは、前記吸引筒(26)に対しホッパ(4)及び種子台(5)を傾斜させて設けたもので、前記ホッパ(4)や昇降シリンダ(16)を連結支持する種子台フレーム(57)の一端側を播種フレーム(15)の枢支軸(58)に揺動自在に連結させる。
それと共に、種子台フレーム(57)の他端側を長孔(59)及び調節ボルト(60)を介し播種フレーム(15)に傾斜角調節自在に連結させて、前記ノズル(19)上端に例え二粒の種子が吸着した場合でも、種子台(5)が最上位置まで上昇したときには、吸着される一粒以外の種子(A)を傾斜延長方向に慣性力でふるい落す状態とさせて、一粒吸着精度を向上させるように構成したものである。
【0025】
また、図15のフローチャートに示す如く、種子ホッパ(4)からの一粒種子(A)の取出し時にあって、種子台(5)の上昇速度を緩速度に設定し、種子台(5)が最下位置のとき、空気流通孔(13)を真空状態とさせて、ノズル(19)に種子(A)を吸着させ、次に種子台(5)を緩速度で最上位置まで上昇させ、その後一定量種子台(5)を下降させてから再度最上位置まで緩速度で上昇させて、搬送パイプ(6)に吸込ませるものである。
種子台(5)が最上位置まで上昇するときの衝撃が大きい程、ノズル(19)から吸着種子(A)やその他の種子(A)が落下して一粒吸着性が不安定となるのに対し、種子台(5)の上昇速度を緩速度として最上位置に達するときの衝撃を小とさせて、ノズル(19)先端に吸着する一粒及び二粒以上の種子(A)に弱い衝撃を複数回与える状態とさせて一粒種子(A)以外をふるい落とし、一粒吸着精度の安定向上を図るように構成したものである。
【0026】
【発明の効果】
以上実施例から明らかなように本発明は、種子(A)を貯留する種子ホッパ(4)内に下側から、上端に種子吸着ノズル(19)を設けた種子台(5)を突入させ、該種子吸着ノズル(19)の上端に、一粒の種子(A)を吸着して取出し、一定高さ上昇させるようにした播種装置において、種子取出し動作前に種子台(5)を一定量反復昇降動作させるものであるから、ホッパ(4)内の種子の流動性を良好とさせ、種子台(5)の一粒吸着精度を向上させることができるものである。
【0027】
また、種子(A)を貯留する種子ホッパ(4)内に下側から、上端に種子吸着ノズル(19)を設けた種子台(5)を突入させ、該種子吸着ノズル(19)の上端に、一粒の種子(A)を吸着して取出し、一定高さ上昇させるようにした播種装置において、該種子台(5)の上昇速度を、最上位置に達するときの衝撃が小となり、該種子吸着ノズル(19)先端に吸着する一粒及び二粒以上の種子(A)に弱い衝撃を与えて、一粒種子(A)以外をふるい落とす緩速度に設定すると共に、最上位置まで上昇させた後に一定量下降させ、再度最上位置まで上昇させて種子の取出しを行うように設けたものであるから、種子台(5)が最上位置(上死点位置)に達するときの弱い衝撃をホッパ(4)内の種子(A)に複数回与えて、種子台(5)の安定且つ良好な一粒吸着精度を得ることができるものである。
【0028】
さらに、種子(A)を貯留する種子ホッパ(4)内に下側から、上端に種子吸着ノズル(19)を設けた種子台(5)を突入させ、該種子吸着ノズル(19)の上端に、一粒の種子(A)を吸着して取出し、一定高さ上昇させるようにした播種装置において、種子台(5)を傾斜方向に昇降動作させるものであるから、種子台(5)を最上位置まで上昇させたときには、吸着する一粒種子(A)以外の種子などを傾斜方向の慣性作用力で種子台(5)からふり落す状態とさせて、種子台(5)の一粒吸着精度を向上させることができるものである。
【0029】
またさらに、種子(A)を貯留する種子ホッパ(4)内に下側から、上端に種子吸着ノズル(19)を設けた種子台(5)を突入させ、該種子吸着ノズル(19)の上端に、一粒の種子(A)を吸着して取出し、一定高さ上昇させるようにした播種装置において、種子台(5)の上昇速度を変速調整自在に設けたものであるから、種子(A)の品種や形状などに対応する上昇速度に調整して、最上位置に達するときの衝撃を変化させるなどして、種子台(5)の一粒吸着精度を向上させることができるものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 播種装置の側面図である。
【図2】 播種装置の正面図である。
【図3】 種子ホッパの種子取出説明図である。
【図4】 種子ホッパの断面説明図である。
【図5】 エゼクタ及びエアブロー部の説明図である。
【図6】 播種部の説明図である。
【図7】 播種シャッタの説明図である。
【図8】 排出口体の説明図である。
【図9】 バイブレータ部の説明図である。
【図10】 空圧系統図である。
【図11】 制御回路図である。
【図12】 種子吸引制御のフローチャートである。
【図13】 種子台の反復昇降説明図である。
【図14】 ホッパ及び種子台の斜視説明図である。
【図15】 フローチャートである。
【符号の説明】
(4)種子ホッパ
(5)種子台
(A)種子
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a sowing apparatus in a pre-process for grafting vegetable seedlings such as cucumbers and pumpkins so that the seeds of seedlings are aligned in a substantially constant direction by arranging and sowing these flat seeds.
[0002]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Conventionally, a method in which a single seed is reliably adsorbed and taken out from the seed hopper to the upper end of the nozzle-like seed stand by vibrating the hopper with a vibrator or rotating the hopper itself. There was a means to promote the flow of seeds, but there was a problem that there was a lack of certainty, such as adsorption of two or more seeds on the top of the seed table.
[0003]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Means for solving the problems of the present invention are as follows.
In Claim 1, the seed stand (5) which provided the seed adsorption nozzle (19) in the upper end is plunged into the seed hopper (4) which stores a seed (A) from the lower side, and this seed adsorption nozzle (19 In the sowing apparatus in which a single seed (A) is adsorbed and taken out at the upper end of) and raised to a certain height, the seed stand (5) is repeatedly raised and lowered by a certain amount before the seed taking-out operation. It is provided.
[0004]
In Claim 2, the seed stand (5) which provided the seed adsorption nozzle (19) in the upper end is plunged into the seed hopper (4) which stores a seed (A) from the lower side, and this seed adsorption nozzle (19 In the sowing apparatus in which a single seed (A) is adsorbed and taken out at the upper end of), and the height of the seed stand (5) is raised, the impact when the top speed of the seed base (5) is reached is small. next, giving a weak shock to the seed suction nozzles (19) grain and secondary grains or seeds to adsorb to the tip (a), and sets the slow speed screen out non-grain seed (a), the uppermost position After being raised to a certain level, it is lowered by a certain amount and raised again to the uppermost position to take out the seed.
[0005]
In Claim 3, the seed stand (5) which provided the seed adsorption nozzle (19) in the upper end is plunged into the seed hopper (4) which stores seed (A) from the lower side, and this seed adsorption nozzle (19 In the sowing apparatus in which a single seed (A) is adsorbed and taken out at the upper end of) and raised to a certain height, the seed stand (5) is provided so as to move up and down in an inclined direction. .
[0006]
In Claim 4, the seed stand (5) which provided the seed adsorption nozzle (19) in the upper end is plunged into the seed hopper (4) which stores a seed (A) from the lower side, and this seed adsorption nozzle (19 In the sowing apparatus in which a single seed (A) is adsorbed and taken out at the upper end of) and raised at a certain height, the ascent speed of the seed stand (5) is provided so that the speed can be adjusted.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a side view of the seeding device, and FIG. 2 is a front view thereof.
For example, a seeding device (3) is arranged on a seeding conveyor (2) for transporting a tray (1) having a pot of 8 × 16 holes. The seeding device (3) is a flat seed such as cucumber or pumpkin ( A) a seed hopper (4) for storing, a horizontal row of eight seed platforms (5) for adsorbing a single seed (A) from the hopper (4) and raising it to a certain height, and a certain height rise The seed stand (5) to be sucked up The seed (A) at the upper end is sucked with the blowing pressure from the blower and conveyed to the sowing position, and the reverse U-shaped transfer pipe (6), which is a seed transfer member, and the transfer pipe (6) A seeding guide (7) for introducing seeds (A) from the pipe (6), and a seeding shutter (8) for opening and closing the lower end opening of the seeding guide (7). It is equipped with.
As shown in FIG. 7, a V-shaped sowing groove is provided on the surface of the soil (B) disposed in the front position of the sowing shutter (8) and filled in each pot (1a) of the sowing tray (1). And a pressure suppressor (9) forming (C).
The seed (A) released from the sowing guide (7) when the shutter (8) is opened is dropped on the sowing groove (C) formed by the pressure suppressor (9) so as to perform sowing. ing.
[0008]
As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the seed hopper (4) has a V-shaped cross section from the side and the front, and the upper and lower openings (10) and (11) are rectangular in plan view. On the other hand, a partition plate (12) having a mountain shape in front view is provided in the lower opening (11), and openings (11a) corresponding to the various child bases (5) are provided between the partition plates (12) and the hopper (4) side plate. And the partition plate (12).
And while lowering various column-shaped child stand (5) which penetrates the air circulation hole (13) in the center part to the connection frame (14), the sowing frame (15) of the sowing apparatus (3). A lower end (11a) is formed in the hopper (4) by connecting and supporting the lower end of the seed base (5) to the tip of the piston rod (17) of the seed lifting cylinder (16) fixed to the bottom via a connection frame (14). ) So that the seed table (5) can be moved up and down.
[0009]
A seed adsorption nozzle (19) is detachably fitted to the upper end of the seed base (5) via an O-ring (18), and a flat portion (19a) at the center of the upper end conical surface of the nozzle (19). ) Has a small-diameter (about 0.5 to 1 mm) seed adsorbing hole (20) communicating with the flow hole (13), while the lower part of the flow hole (13) is a vacuum pump via a hose (21a) or the like. For example, each seed is adsorbed to the adsorption hole (20) of each nozzle (19) when the seed stand (5) is raised to a certain height by the cylinder (16) in communication with a suction machine, a compressor or a blower. And is configured to raise.
Then, the nozzle (19) of the suction hole (20) corresponding to the type and shape of the seed (A) can be easily replaced with a nozzle (19) having a different hole diameter of the suction hole (20). The nozzle (19) is configured to improve the accuracy of single grain adsorption.
[0010]
A seed suction body (24) that integrally forms an air ejector (22) and an air blow section (23) is disposed above the seed hopper (5), and the inlet side of each of the eight transport pipes (6). The suction body (24) is detachably connected to the suction body (24) via a bolt (25), and the suction body (24) has suction cylinders (26) corresponding to the various child bases (5) provided in the lower part thereof. The air blowing part (23) is formed by an air ejection hole (27) which is a downwardly inclined air ejection part formed in the lower part of the suction cylinder (26).
At the same time, an upwardly inclined air ejection hole (28) formed in the upper portion of the suction cylinder (26), and a tapered surface (29a) of the air flow passage (29) of the suction body (24) along the ejection hole (28). The ejector (22) is formed by the inner diameter passage (30) of the suction cylinder (26).
Then, each ejection hole (27) (28) is connected to a compressor or a blower via a hose (21b) (21c) or the like so that the suction hole (20) of the nozzle (19) is raised when the seed stand (5) is raised. The seed (A) adsorbed on the air blow unit (23) is blown out of the air blow unit (23) to blow off and drop seeds other than the adsorbed seed, and the air blow unit (23) is stopped from blowing air, and the adsorbing hole ( 20) When the suction flow in the inner diameter passage (30) of the suction cylinder (26) is generated in the inner diameter passage (30) of the suction cylinder (26) by the jet flow from the jet hole (28) in the ejector (22) in the suction stopped state of the ejector (22). (19) The top surface seed (A) is sucked by this suction flow and is conveyed to the sowing position by airflow.
[0011]
The air ejection holes (27) and (28) are provided, for example, at three locations (at intervals of 120 °) on the outer circumference of the suction cylinder (26), and the diameter and direction (angle) of the ejection holes (27) and (28). The suction cylinder (26) is replaced with the suction body (24) freely, and the air is blown out appropriately according to the type and shape of the seed (A). .
The ejection direction (angle) and the hole diameter of the ejection holes (27) and (28) are directly set in addition to the replacement of the suction cylinders (26) with different ejection diameters and angles of the ejection holes (27) and (28). It may be configured to be adjustable.
[0012]
As shown in FIGS. 6 to 7, the sowing guide (7) has a seed insertion hole (32) having a V-shaped upper portion below the outlet of the discharge guide (31) integrally connected to the outlet side of the transport pipe (6). Is facing. When the lower side of the insertion hole (32) is closed with the shutter (8) by the shutter opening / closing cylinder (33), the seed (A) from the transfer pipe (6) is placed on the shutter (8) in the insertion hole (32). When the shutter (8) is opened by the shutter opening / closing cylinder (33), the posture of the seed (A) is adjusted in the charging hole (32) and dropped into the tray (1). The seed (A) is sowed on the sowing groove (C) formed by the pressure suppressor (9) when the lifting cylinder (9a) is lowered.
[0013]
As shown in FIG. 8, a cylindrical mesh discharge port body (35) is integrally connected to the outlet of the discharge guide (31) and has an inverted conical shape and a plurality of mesh exhaust holes (34) on the peripheral surface. Let
At the same time, a seeding guide (36) having a small diameter at the bottom and a large diameter at the top is disposed on the shutter (8) and the discharge port body (35), and air for conveying the seed (A) in the pipe (6). To the outside of the exhaust hole (34) to mitigate the impact when the seed falls on the shutter (8), and the seed (A) by the exhaust air when discharged from the discharge port body (35). It is configured to prevent scattering.
[0014]
Further, as shown in FIG. 9, a vibrator (37) for applying vibration to the hopper (4) is fixed to the outer surface of the seed hopper (4) as necessary, and the bridge phenomenon between the seeds (A) is prevented. Even when the amount of seeds in the hopper (4) decreases, the seeds are collected at the center of the hopper (4) near the seed bed (5).
[0015]
As shown in FIG. 10, a lift control valve (flow rate control valve) (38) for adjusting the lift speed of the seed stand (5), and a lift and drop switching valve (39) for controlling the lift and drop of the seed stand (5). Between the compressor (40) and the pneumatic circuit of the elevating cylinder (16), and the air pressure and vacuum for switching the air pressure and the vacuum pressure sent to the air circulation hole (13) of the seed base (5). The pressure switching valve (41) and the air pressure and vacuum pressure adjusting valves (42) and (43) for adjusting the air pressure and the vacuum pressure, respectively, the seed base (5), the compressor (40) and the vacuum pump (44). Between the connection circuits.
Air blow and ejector air pressure adjusting valves (45) and (46) for adjusting the air pressure ejected from the air ejection holes (27) and (28) of the suction body (24), and the supply air from the compressor (40), An air blow section (23) and a supply air switching valve (47) for switching to the ejector (22) are interposed between the pneumatic circuits of the various child suction cylinders (26) and the compressor (40), respectively. 4) It is configured to take out one seed from the inside to the transport pipe (6).
[0016]
And as shown in FIG. 11, the automatic switch (48) which starts the seeding | working operation | work automatically, and the seed stand raising speed setting device (49) of the said raising control valve (38) which sets the raising speed of a seed stand (5) And the air suction pressure and blow pressure setting devices (50) and (51) of the regulating valves (43) and (42) for adjusting the air suction pressure and the air blow pressure of the nozzle (19) of the seed table (5), Air blow pressure and ejector pressure setting devices (52) (53) of the air pressure adjusting valves (45) and (46) for setting an air jet pressure from the air jet holes (27) and (28), and an air pressure adjusting valve (45) Air blow and ejector operation time setting devices (54) and (55) for adjusting the air ejection time from the air ejection holes (27) and (28) by operating the operation time of (46) are connected to the controller (56). .
At the same time, the seed table raising control valve (38), the raising and lowering switching valve (39), the air pressure and vacuum pressure switching valve (41), the air pressure and vacuum pressure adjusting valves (42) and (43), the air blow and An upper end of the nozzle (19) of the seed stand (5) for connecting the controller (56) to the air pressure adjusting valve (45) (46) for the ejector and raising one seed (A) in the seed hopper (4) It is configured to automatically perform a series of operations from suction to the hopper (4), suction to the transport pipe (6) by the suction force of the ejector (22), and transport.
[0017]
Thus, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, when the seed (A) is automatically aligned and sown by turning on the automatic switch (48), the seeds are set by the setting devices (49) to (55). The ascending speed of the pedestal (5), the air suction pressure and the blowing pressure of the seed pedestal (5), the air blow pressure and ejector pressure of the transfer pipe (6), the air blow and the ejector operating time are respectively set.
At the same time, when the upper end surface of the nozzle (19) is at the lowest position (1) in FIG. After raising the seed platform (5) to the height position (2 in FIG. 13), the seed platform (5) is lowered to the lowest position (3 in FIG. 13), and the seed platform (5) is further moved to the hopper (4). ) Is raised to a substantially middle position in the vertical direction (4 in FIG. 13), and then lowered again to the lowest position (5 in FIG. 13). At the time of this lowering, the flow hole (13) of the seed table (5) is opened. One seed (A) is adsorbed in the adsorption hole (20) of the nozzle (19) in a vacuum suction state.
Thereafter, the seed stand (5) is raised to the uppermost position (6 in FIG. 13), and a single seed (A) to be adsorbed on the upper end of the nozzle (19) is brought close to the lower end of the suction cylinder (26) (raised). In addition, the number of repetitions of descent may be arbitrary two or more times).
Thus, while raising the seed stand (5) from the lowest position to the highest position, the seed (A) in the hopper (4) is agitated by repeating a certain amount of lifting and lowering operations. The seed (A) has good fluidity and the accuracy of adsorption of one seed (A) to the nozzle (19) is improved, and the vibrator (37) is mounted on the hopper (4) as necessary. Thus, the bridging phenomenon that occurs between the seeds (A) can be prevented, and the adsorption accuracy can be further improved.
[0018]
When the seed stand (5) is raised to the uppermost position, air of a predetermined pressure is applied to the seed (A) of the nozzle (19) from the ejection hole (27) of the air blow section (23) for a certain period of time. The nozzle (19) is blown away (air blow) and blows up to one or less grains adsorbed by the nozzle (19), so that only one seed (A) is adsorbed and held at the upper end of the nozzle (19), and then the seed (A) When suction is turned off (vacuum suction is stopped) and air of a predetermined pressure is ejected from the ejection hole (28) of the ejector (22) for a certain period of time, the negative pressure suction force generated by the ejector (22) causes the nozzle (19). The seed (A) at the upper end is sucked into the pipe (6) and reliably conveyed by aerodynamic force to the sowing position at the other end of the pipe (6).
When the seed (A) is sucked by the negative pressure suction force from the ejector (22), air is blown out from the suction hole (20) of the nozzle (19) for a certain period of time into the pipe (6). Inhalation of the seed (A) is further promoted.
[0019]
The present embodiment is configured as described above, and the seed (A) can be sucked and transported to the sowing position in a very short time by a simple transport means using a single transport pipe (6). By providing a flat portion (19a) matching the shape and size of the seed (A) at the center of the conical surface of the nozzle (19), the seed (A) is always in a flat state (sleeping state). Good adsorption of one grain is performed.
At the same time, good adsorption of one seed (A) to the nozzle (19) is promoted by repeating the lifting and lowering operation while the seed stand (5) is raised to the uppermost position.
[0020]
Further, by changing the rising speed of the seed base (5), the impact force when the nozzle (19) and the seed (A) are in contact is changed, and the impact suitable for the variety and shape of the seed (A). It is possible to adjust to a single particle adsorption accuracy by reducing the adsorption of two particles.
[0021]
Further, by forming the opening (11a) corresponding to the various child bases (5) in the hopper (4) by the partition plate (12) provided in the hopper (4), even when the seed remaining amount is small, The seed (A) is reliably distributed and supplied to the opening (11a), and the adsorption accuracy of the seed table (5) can be improved.
[0022]
Furthermore, the change of the suction hole (20) corresponding to the variety and shape of the seed (A) can be made easy by replacing the nozzle (19), and the improvement of the single grain adsorption accuracy is extremely simple. It can be made economically possible by means.
[0023]
In addition, the suction cylinder (26) forming the ejector (22) and the air blow section (23) is equipped for each of the various child bases (5), so that the suction state of the other seed bases (5), etc. It is possible to perform the seed suction operation for each of the various stable child stands (5) that are always not affected by the above.
[0024]
In FIG. 14, the hopper (4) and the seed base (5) are inclined with respect to the suction cylinder (26), and the seed for connecting and supporting the hopper (4) and the lifting cylinder (16). One end side of the base frame (57) is slidably coupled to the pivot shaft (58) of the sowing frame (15).
At the same time, the other end side of the seed base frame (57) is connected to the seeding frame (15) via the long hole (59) and the adjusting bolt (60) so that the inclination angle can be adjusted, and compared to the upper end of the nozzle (19). Even when two seeds are adsorbed, when the seed stand (5) rises to the uppermost position, the seeds (A) other than the one adsorbed are screened by inertia force in the inclined extension direction. It is configured to improve the particle adsorption accuracy.
[0025]
Further, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 15, when the single seed (A) is taken out from the seed hopper (4), the rising speed of the seed base (5) is set to a slow speed, and the seed base (5) is set to the maximum speed. When in the lower position, the air circulation hole (13) is evacuated, the seed (A) is adsorbed by the nozzle (19), and then the seed base (5) is raised to the uppermost position at a slow speed and then constant. The quantity seed base (5) is lowered and then raised again to the uppermost position at a slow speed and sucked into the transport pipe (6).
The larger the impact when the seed stand (5) is raised to the uppermost position, the more the adsorbed seed (A) and other seeds (A) fall from the nozzle (19), and the single grain adsorbability becomes unstable. On the other hand, the impact when reaching the uppermost position with the ascending speed of the seed stand (5) as a slow speed is reduced, and a weak impact is applied to one or more seeds (A) adsorbed on the tip of the nozzle (19). It is configured so as to give a plurality of times, and the particles other than the single seed (A) are screened out to improve the stability of the single grain adsorption accuracy.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
As apparent from the above examples, the present invention allows the seed base (5) provided with the seed adsorption nozzle (19) at the upper end to enter the seed hopper (4) storing the seed (A) from the lower side, In a seeding device in which a single seed (A) is adsorbed and taken out at the upper end of the seed adsorbing nozzle (19) and is raised at a certain height, the seed stand (5) is repeated by a certain amount before the seed taking-out operation. Since it is moved up and down, the fluidity of the seeds in the hopper (4) can be improved, and the single grain adsorption accuracy of the seed bed (5) can be improved.
[0027]
Further, a seed base (5) provided with a seed adsorption nozzle (19) at the upper end is plunged into the seed hopper (4) for storing seeds (A) from the lower side, and the seed adsorption nozzle (19) is inserted into the upper end of the seed adsorption nozzle (19). In the sowing apparatus in which a single seed (A) is adsorbed and taken out and raised at a certain height, the impact when the rising speed of the seed base (5) reaches the uppermost position becomes small , and the seed After applying a weak impact to one and two or more seeds (A) adsorbed on the tip of the suction nozzle (19) and setting the slow speed to screen out the seeds other than the one seed (A) and raising them to the uppermost position Since the seed is taken down by a certain amount and then raised again to the uppermost position, the hopper (4) weak shocks when the seed stand (5) reaches the uppermost position (top dead center position). ) Multiple times to the seed (A) in the seed stand (5) In which it is possible to obtain a stable and good grain adsorption accuracy.
[0028]
Further, a seed stand (5) provided with a seed adsorption nozzle (19) at the upper end is plunged into the seed hopper (4) for storing the seed (A) from the lower side, and the seed sorption nozzle (19) is inserted at the upper end of the seed adsorption nozzle (19). In the sowing apparatus that adsorbs and removes a single seed (A) and raises it to a certain height, the seed base (5) is moved up and down in an inclined direction. When raised to the position, seeds other than the single seed (A) to be adsorbed are sprinkled off the seed base (5) by the inertial force in the inclination direction, and the single seed adsorption accuracy of the seed base (5) is improved. It can be improved.
[0029]
Furthermore, a seed stand (5) provided with a seed adsorption nozzle (19) at the upper end is inserted into the seed hopper (4) for storing the seed (A) from the lower side, and the upper end of the seed adsorption nozzle (19) is inserted. In addition, in the seeding device in which one seed (A) is adsorbed and taken out and raised at a certain height, the ascent rate of the seed table (5) is provided so as to be adjustable in speed. ) Can be adjusted to an ascending speed corresponding to the variety, shape, etc., and the impact at the time of reaching the uppermost position can be changed to improve the single-tablet adsorption accuracy of the seed bed (5).
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of a seeding device.
FIG. 2 is a front view of a seeding device.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of seed removal from a seed hopper.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of a seed hopper.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of an ejector and an air blow unit.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a seeding unit.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a seeding shutter.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of a discharge port body.
FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a vibrator unit.
FIG. 10 is a pneumatic system diagram.
FIG. 11 is a control circuit diagram.
FIG. 12 is a flowchart of seed suction control.
FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of repeated raising and lowering of the seed table.
FIG. 14 is a perspective explanatory view of a hopper and a seed table.
FIG. 15 is a flowchart.
[Explanation of symbols]
(4) Seed hopper (5) Seed base (A) Seed

Claims (4)

種子(A)を貯留する種子ホッパ(4)内に下側から、上端に種子吸着ノズル(19)を設けた種子台(5)を突入させ、該種子吸着ノズル(19)の上端に、一粒の種子(A)を吸着して取出し、一定高さ上昇させるようにした播種装置において、種子取出し動作前に該種子台(5)を一定量反復昇降動作させるように設けたことを特徴とする播種装置。  A seed stand (5) provided with a seed adsorption nozzle (19) at its upper end is plunged into the seed hopper (4) for storing the seed (A) from the lower side, and one end is placed on the upper end of the seed adsorption nozzle (19). In the seeding device that adsorbs and removes the seeds (A) of grains and raises them by a certain height, the seed table (5) is provided so as to repeatedly move up and down by a certain amount before the seed removal operation. Sowing equipment. 種子(A)を貯留する種子ホッパ(4)内に下側から、上端に種子吸着ノズル(19)を設けた種子台(5)を突入させ、該種子吸着ノズル(19)の上端に、一粒の種子(A)を吸着して取出し、一定高さ上昇させるようにした播種装置において、該種子台(5)の上昇速度を、最上位置に達するときの衝撃が小となり、該種子吸着ノズル(19)先端に吸着する一粒及び二粒以上の種子(A)に弱い衝撃を与えて、一粒種子(A)以外をふるい落とす緩速度に設定すると共に、最上位置まで上昇させた後に一定量下降させ、再度最上位置まで上昇させて種子の取出しを行うように設けたことを特徴とする播種装置。A seed stand (5) provided with a seed adsorption nozzle (19) at its upper end is plunged into the seed hopper (4) for storing the seed (A) from the lower side, and one end is placed on the upper end of the seed adsorption nozzle (19). In a seeding device that adsorbs and removes seeds (A) of grains and raises them by a certain height, the impact when the rising speed of the seed table (5) reaches the uppermost position is small, and the seed adsorption nozzle (19) Applying a weak impact to one seed and two or more seeds (A) adsorbed at the tip, and setting a slow speed to screen out other seeds (A), and a certain amount after raising to the top position A seeding device, wherein the seeding device is provided so as to be lowered and again raised to the uppermost position to take out seeds. 種子(A)を貯留する種子ホッパ(4)内に下側から、上端に種子吸着ノズル(19)を設けた種子台(5)を突入させ、該種子吸着ノズル(19)の上端に、一粒の種子(A)を吸着して取出し、一定高さ上昇させるようにした播種装置において、該種子台(5)を傾斜方向に昇降動作させるように設けたことを特徴とする播種装置。  A seed stand (5) provided with a seed adsorption nozzle (19) at its upper end is plunged into the seed hopper (4) for storing the seed (A) from the lower side, and one end is placed on the upper end of the seed adsorption nozzle (19). A seeding apparatus, wherein the seed stand (5) is moved up and down in an inclined direction in a seeding apparatus that adsorbs and removes seeds (A) and raises the seeds (A) by a certain height. 種子(A)を貯留する種子ホッパ(4)内に下側から、上端に種子吸着ノズル(19)を設けた種子台(5)を突入させ、該種子吸着ノズル(19)の上端に、一粒の種子(A)を吸着して取出し、一定高さ上昇させるようにした播種装置において、該種子台(5)の上昇速度を変速調整自在に設けたことを特徴とする播種装置。  A seed stand (5) provided with a seed adsorption nozzle (19) at its upper end is plunged into the seed hopper (4) for storing the seed (A) from the lower side, and one end is placed on the upper end of the seed adsorption nozzle (19). A seeding device, wherein a seed seed (A) is adsorbed and taken out, and the seed table (5) is raised at a certain height, the raising speed of the seed table (5) is provided so as to be adjustable in speed.
JP09242198A 1998-03-20 1998-03-20 Sowing equipment Expired - Fee Related JP3878739B2 (en)

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CN116267112B (en) * 2023-04-26 2024-10-29 四川农业大学 A soybean and jade multiple planting integrated two-row precision sowing unit
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