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JP3880917B2 - Harbor dredging method - Google Patents
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JP3880917B2 - Harbor dredging method - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP3880917B2
JP3880917B2 JP2002327888A JP2002327888A JP3880917B2 JP 3880917 B2 JP3880917 B2 JP 3880917B2 JP 2002327888 A JP2002327888 A JP 2002327888A JP 2002327888 A JP2002327888 A JP 2002327888A JP 3880917 B2 JP3880917 B2 JP 3880917B2
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harbor
weight
parts
solid content
clay
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JP2004160330A (en
Inventor
泰史 長江
敏 佐藤
勝久 阿部
雄一 谷
昇 猪足
久一郎 佐々木
直孝 近江
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Fukoku Kogyo Co Ltd
Penta Ocean Construction Co Ltd
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Fukoku Kogyo Co Ltd
Penta Ocean Construction Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、港湾の浚渫土の処理する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
港湾の浚渫土の処理方法は、無機凝集剤もしくは、高分子凝集剤又はこれら併用することにより行われている。例えば、
(1)無機凝集剤又は高分子凝集剤をそれぞれ単独で添加し、浚渫土を処理する方法
(2)無機凝集剤を添加し、次いで高分子凝集剤を添加して浚渫土を処理する方法
(3)高分子凝集剤を添加し、次いで無機凝集剤を添加して浚渫土を処理する方法(特開平3−161099記載)
(4)高分子凝集剤を添加してフロックを形成させ、次いで機械的破砕工程を経てフロックを破砕した後に、無機凝集剤を添加して浚渫土を処理する方法(特開平6−134500記載)
などが提案されている。
これら従来法のうち、(1)の処理方法は、各凝集剤が、浚渫土中に存在する懸濁物質のコロイド荷電を電気的に中和し、凝集させる処理方法である。(2)の処理方法は、無機凝集剤によって浚渫土中に存在する懸濁物質のコロイド荷電を電気的に中和し、次いで高分子凝集剤によって、中和された懸濁物質を高分子ポリマーで架橋し、凝集させる方法である。また(3)の処理方法は、高分子凝集剤の添加により、三次元網目構造を持つフロックを形成させ、次いで無機凝集剤の多価カチオンにより電気的に中和を行い、疎水性の高いフロックを形成させる方法であり、(4)の処理法は、(3)の処理法で形成された三次元網目構造を持つフロックを機械的に破砕した後、無機凝集剤で疎水性の高いフロックを形成させる方法である。
このような方法で処理された浚渫土は、沈殿槽内で静置させて沈降分離する方法又は、機械的に脱水する方法により固液分離される。
【0003】
特許文献
1.特開平3−161099
2.特開平6−134500
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来技術のうち、無機又は高分子凝集剤を個々に添加して、浚渫土を処理する方法によると、沈降槽を用いた沈降分離や、フィルタープレスを用いた機械脱水処理により固液分離は可能である。しかし、形成されるフロックが壊れやすいので、圧搾力が加えられても壊れないような強いフロックを必要とするベルトプレス、ドラムプレス、スクリュープレス脱水機では処理することができない。
また、無機凝集剤を添加し、浚渫土中に存在する懸濁物質のコロイド荷電を電気的に中和し、次いで高分子凝集剤を添加・攪拌し、中和された懸濁物質を高分子ポリマーの架橋作用によって、凝集させる方法では、圧搾力が加えられる脱水機を使用することは可能であるが、フロックが弱く、機械から漏れ、処理水側に多量の懸濁物質が漏れ出すため、処理効率が落ちるばかりでなく、使用薬剤も多くなり、コスト的に問題であった。
【0005】
また高分子凝集剤を添加し、次いで無機凝集剤を添加して浚渫土を処理する方法(特開平3−161099)、並びに高分子凝集剤を添加して、フロックを形成させ、次いで、機械的破砕工程を経てフロックを破砕した後に、無機凝集剤を添加して浚渫土を処理する方法(特開平6−134500)は、液層部分に電解質を殆ど含まず、コロイド荷電量が比較的高い浚渫土については、十分適応できる。しかし、塩類を含む浚渫土や港湾浚渫及び河口付近における浚渫土(以下、港湾浚渫土と呼ぶ。)は、液層部分にNa+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO4 2-イオンに代表される電解質を多量に含んでいるため、粉末或は溶液で添加した高分子凝集剤の溶解速度及び分子の広がりが、抑制された状態になり、形成されるフロックは、攪拌、衝撃に極めて弱く、直ぐに微細化し、所望のフロック粒径範囲に調整することが難しい欠点があった。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、前述した従来法の欠点を克服し、港湾浚渫土を安価で、効率的に脱水処理する方法を確立すべく、鋭意研究を重ね、本発明を完成するに至った。
本発明の処理方法は、電解質を含み、汚泥液層部に凝集状態にある土粒子を含む含水比が200〜1000%の港湾浚渫土のpHを8〜11に調整し、この港湾浚渫土に、第一の工程で、港湾浚渫土の乾燥固形分100重量部に対して、有効固形分量が0.1〜5.0重量部の分散剤水溶液を添加し、分散剤から生じる負イオンによって、電解質の作用で凝集状態にある土粒子を再分散させ、第二の工程でアニオン性高分子凝集剤水溶液を添加し、第三の工程で無機凝集剤を添加、攪拌して、フロックを形成及び疎水化させた後、脱水機を使用して、脱水処理物を得ることを特徴とする港湾浚渫土処理方法である。
そのさい、港湾浚渫土は、アニオン性高分子凝集剤のポリマー分子が、十分な広がりを得るために、アルカリ剤を添加し、pHを8〜11に調整しておく。
浚渫土は、含水比200%以下の場合、一般に浚渫土に直接セメント、石灰等の固化材を添加して固化処理を行なうため、凝集剤を用いて脱水処理は行なわない。含水比1000%以上の場合は、少量の凝集剤を添加し、主にシックナーを用いて沈降分離処理を行なうため、凝集剤を用いて機械脱水処理は行なわない。含水比200〜1000%の港湾浚渫土は、本発明の処理対象として好適である。また、分散剤水溶液の有効固形分量が0.1重量部以下であると、浚渫土粒子の荷電を負イオン化できず、土粒子を十分に分散させた状態にできない。5.0重量部以上であると処理コストが高くなり経済的ではない。
【0007】
本発明の処理方法における凝集・フロック形成メカニズムについては、現状では明確に分かっていないが、概ね、図1に示すメカニズムと推定される。
第一の工程で、電解質を含んだ上記港湾浚渫土に対し、上記分散剤の水溶液を添加すると、電解質の作用で凝集状態にある土粒子表面に分散剤が吸着し、分散剤が生じる負イオンによって、土粒子の荷電を負イオン化して土粒子を活性化させ、土粒子全体を液層部内に均一に分散させる。そのさい土粒子に吸着した分散剤から生じる負イオンは、例えば、分散剤がポリカルボン酸ナトリウム塩、フミン酸ナトリウム塩の場合はカルボキシル基のイオン化によって生じる負イオンである。第二の工程で、加えられるアニオン性高分子凝集剤は、この分散粒子上に効率良く吸着し、フロック化が進む。第三の工程で加えられる無機凝集剤の多価カチオンの効果でフロックを形成すると同時に、疎水化され、圧搾脱水に耐えられる強いフロックが出来あがると考えられる。
【0008】
本発明の処理方法と従来の処理方法、特に特開平6−134500及び平3−161099記載の処理方法とでは、次の点が大きく異なる。
浚渫土の液層部分に電解質を殆ど含まない場合、特開平6−134500記載の処理方法によると、高分子凝集剤を添加した時に形成されるフロックが強いため、破砕によっても所定の粒径範囲にフロックを調整でき(微細な粒子が殆ど生じない)、無機凝集剤の添加で疎水化できる。しかし、液層部分にNa+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO4 2-イオンに代表される電解質が多量に含まれている港湾浚渫土の場合、高分子凝集剤を添加した時に形成されるフロックは弱いため、破砕工程ではもちろんのこと、通常の攪拌においても、容易に微細化し、所定の粒径に調整することが困難なばかりでなく、無機凝集剤を添加したときにフロックが崩れ、微細粒子になる欠点がある。
【0009】
本発明の処理方法は、予めpH8〜11に調整した汚泥液層部に存在する電解質の影響で凝集状態にある土粒子含む含水比200〜1000%港湾浚渫土に対し、特定量の分散剤を添加することにより、分散剤から生じる負イオンによって分散状態に戻し、見かけ上、電解質を含んでいない状態の汚泥にする。これによって、第二の工程で加えられるアニオン性高分子凝集剤は、微細なフロックを形成させること無く、この分散粒子上に効率良く吸着し、土粒子を凝集させ、液相中に十分に広がる。第三の工程で加えられる無機凝集剤の多価カチオンは、土粒子を吸着した高分子凝集剤に作用し、フロックを形成すると同時に疎水化し、圧搾脱水に耐えられる強いフロックを形成させる。また、フロックを機械的に一定の粒径範囲に調整する困難さを無くし、非常に効率的な処理方法を達成できる。
本発明の処理法は、液層部分に Na + Ca 2+ Mg 2+ Cl - SO 4 2- イオンに代表される電解質が多量に含まれている港湾浚渫土に適用した場合、著しくその効果を発揮する。
【0010】
本発明の第一の工程で使用される分散剤は、酸性ピロ燐酸ナトリウム、ピロ燐酸ナトリウム、トリポリ燐酸ナトリウム、四燐酸ナトリウム、メタ六燐酸ナトリウム;リグニンスルホン酸ナトリウム及びその他の塩、例えばリグニンスルホン酸鉄塩,;フミン酸ナトリウム及びその他の塩、例えばフミン酸カリウム塩,;ポリカルボン酸ナトリウム及びその誘導体の何れを使用しても良いが、特にポリカルボン酸ナトリウム水溶液((株)テルナイト製品;テルフロー)を使用することが望ましい。また、添加量は、港湾浚渫土の乾燥固形分100重量部に対し、有効固形分量で0.1〜5.0重量部の範囲が好ましい。この範囲以下では、第二の工程で使用される高分子凝集剤の吸着効果を高めることができず、第三の工程において、無機凝集剤を添加したときに、良好なフロックが得られない。また、上記範囲以上では、同工程で使用する無機凝集剤の使用量が増え、コスト高の原因になる。
【0011】
第二の工程で使用されるアニオン性高分子凝集剤は、弱アニオン性としては、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリビニールアルコール、無水マレイン酸重合物、ポリアクリル酸エステル、グアガム等があり、中及び高アニオン性としては、アクリルアミドとアクリル酸塩の共重合物、ポリスチレンスルホン酸、ポリアクリル酸、ポリビニルスルホン酸等があり、さらに、これらの誘導体類も用いることができる。これら高分子凝集剤は分子量1200〜1800万程度のものが優れた効果を発揮する。
また、アニオン性高分子凝集剤の添加方法としては、粉末品を港湾浚渫土の乾燥固形分100に重量部に対し、有効固形分量で0.1〜1.0重量部の範囲添加するか、又は海水100容量部に対し、0.3〜0.90重量部の範囲で溶解した溶液を浚渫土の乾燥固形分100重量部に対し、有効固形分量で0.1〜1.0重量部の範囲で添加しても良いし、固形分含有量40%以上の液状タイプの高分子凝集剤を浚渫土の乾燥固形分100重量部に対し、有効固形分量で0.1〜1.0重量部の範囲で添加しても良い。
【0012】
さらに、第三の工程で添加される無機凝集剤としては、ポリ塩化アルミニウム(PAC)、塩化第2鉄、硫酸アルミニウム、硫酸第一鉄、塩化カルシウム、塩化マグネシウム、セメント、消石灰の内の一種類又は二種以上を用いることができる。中でもポリ塩化アルミニウム溶液が最も好ましく、浚渫土の乾燥固形分100重量部に対し、有効固形分量で0.2〜2.0重量部の範囲で添加する。
本発明を以下に記述する実施例によってさらに詳細に説明するが、その内容に限定されない。
【0013】
〔実施例1〕
電解質を含む港湾浚渫土処理方法について、従来法と本発明の処理方法との比較において実施した処理試験結果を以下に説明する。
本発明の処理方法
含水比500%の港湾浚渫土の乾燥固形分量100重量部に対し、
第一の工程: アルカリ剤として、水酸化ナトリウム20%溶液を1.0重量部添加し、攪拌機で十分に攪拌して、pHを9.2に調整後、分散剤として、テルフロー(固形分含有量:30%)を有効固形分量で0.15〜0.75重量部の範囲で添加量を変えて添加し、十分に攪拌を行う。
第二の工程: 液状タイプのアニオン性高分子凝集剤として、アクリルアミド/アクリル酸塩共重合物(固形分含有量:40%)を有効固形分量で0.2〜0.4重量部の範囲で添加量を変えて添加し、十分に攪拌を行う。
第三の工程: 無機凝集剤として、ポリ塩化アルミニウム溶液を有効固形分量で0.8〜1.3重量部の範囲で添加量を変えて添加し、攪拌を行い、疎水性の強いフロックを得る。
得られたフロックを圧搾方式の脱水試験機を用いて脱水し、脱水スラッジの含水比、コーン指数を測定した。
【0014】
〔比較例1〕
(〔0002〕、(2)の方法)
含水比500%の港湾浚渫土の乾燥固形分100重量部に対し、
(1)ポリ塩化アルミニウム溶液を有効固形分量で0.08重量部添加し、攪拌する。
(2)0.1(重量/容量%)濃度の高分子凝集剤としてアクリルアミド/アクリル酸 塩共重合物の溶液を有効固形分濃度で0.025又は0.05重量部と添加量を変えて添加し、攪拌、凝集しフロックを得る。
【0015】
〔比較例2〕
(特開平3−161099記載の方法)
含水比500%の港湾浚渫土の乾燥固形分100重量部に対し、
(1)高分子凝集剤としてアクリルアミド/アクリル酸塩共重合物の濃度0.1(重量/容量%)溶液を固形分濃度で0.05〜0.2重量部の範囲で添加量を変えて添加し、
攪拌する。
(2)ポリ塩化アルミニウム溶液を有効固形分で0.1又は、0.2重量部の範囲で添加量を変えて添加し、攪拌して凝集させる。
【0016】
〔比較例3〕
(特開平6−134500記載の方法)
含水比500%の港湾浚渫土の乾燥固形分100重量部に対し、
(1)0.1(重量/容量%)濃度の高分子凝集剤としてアクリルアミド/アクリル酸塩共重合物を固形分濃度で0.1又は、0.2重量部の範囲で添加量を変えて添加し、攪拌凝集させる。
(2)高速攪拌にてフロックの粒径を0.01〜2.0mmに調整する。ポリ塩化アルミニウム溶液を有効固形分量で0.1又は、0.2重量部の範囲で添加量を変えて添加し、攪拌して凝集させる。
得られたフロックを圧搾方式の脱水試験機を用いて脱水し、脱水スラッジの含水比、コーン指数を測定した。
なお、凝集物の脱水方法は、同容量の凝集物を、底面にろ紙を施した円筒セル容器に注ぎ入れ、上部から油圧シリンダーにつながるOリング付きのピストンを押し込んで200kN/m2×10分の条件で圧搾脱水する方法である。また、コーン指数は締固めた土のコーン指数試験方法〔JIS A 1228〕に準拠し、測定した。
実験結果を表1に示す。
【0017】
【表1】

Figure 0003880917
表1に示すように、本発明の処理法は、従来法に比較し脱水後のフロックの含水比、コーン指数測定値において、明らかな改善を示した。
【0018】
〔実施例2〕
電解質を含む港湾浚渫土処理方法について、従来法と本発明の処理方法との比較において実施した処理試験結果を以下に説明する。
本発明の処理方法
含水比400%の港湾浚渫土の乾燥固形分量100重量部に対し、
第一の工程: アルカリ剤として、水酸化ナトリウム20%溶液を1.0重量部添加し、攪拌機で十分に攪拌して、pHを9.2に調整後、分散剤として、テルフロー(固形分含有量:30%)を有効固形分量で0.15〜0.6重量部の範囲で添加量を変えて添加し、十分に攪拌を行う。
第二の工程: 液状タイプのアニオン性高分子凝集剤として、アクリルアミド/アクリル酸塩共重合物(固形分含有量:40%)を有効固形分量で0.2〜0.4重量部の範囲で添加量を変えて添加し、十分に攪拌を行う。
第三の工程: 無機凝集剤として、ポリ塩化アルミニウム溶液を有効固形分量で0.4〜0.9重量部の範囲で添加量を変えて添加し、攪拌を行い、疎水性の強いフロックを得る。
得られたフロックを圧搾方式の脱水試験機を用いて脱水し、脱水スラッジの含水比、コーン指数を測定した。
【0019】
〔比較例4〕
(〔0002〕(2)の方法)
含水比400%の港湾浚渫土の乾燥固形分100重量部に対し、
(1)ポリ塩化アルミニウム溶液を有効固形分量で0.1重量部添加し、攪拌する。
(2)0.1(重量/容量%)濃度の高分子凝集剤溶液として、アクリルアミド/アクリル酸塩共重合物を有効固形分濃度で0.05又は0.1重量部と添加量を変えて添加し、攪拌、凝集しフロックを得る。
得られたフロックを圧搾方式の脱水試験機を用いて脱水し、脱水スラッジの含水比、コーン指数を測定した。
なお、凝集物の脱水方法は、同容量の凝集物を、底面にろ紙を施した円筒セル容器に注ぎ入れ、上部から油圧シリンダーにつながるOリング付きのピストンを押し込んで200kN/m2×10分の条件で圧搾脱水する方法である。また、コーン指数は締固めた土のコーン指数試験方法〔JIS A 1228〕に準拠し、測定した。
実験結果を表2に示す。
【0020】
【表2】
Figure 0003880917
表2に示すように、本発明の処理法は、従来法に比較し、脱水後のフロックの含水比、コーン指数測定値において、明らかな改善を示した。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、電解質を含み、汚泥液層部に凝集状態にある土粒子を含む、含水比200〜1000%の港湾浚渫土をpH8〜11に調整し、この港湾浚渫土に、特定量の分散剤を添加することにより、土粒子を分散状態に戻し、第二の工程で加えられるアニオン性高分子凝集剤によって、土粒子を凝集させ、微細なフロックを形成させること無く、この分散粒子上にポリマーを効率良く吸着させ、液相中に十分に広がらせ、第三の工程で加えられる無機凝集剤の多価カチオンを、土粒子を吸着した高分子凝集剤に作用させ、フロックを形成すると同時に疎水化し、それによって圧搾脱水に耐えられる強いフロックを形成させることができる。また、フロックを機械的に一定の粒径範囲に調整する困難さを排除し、非常に効率的な処理方法を達成できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 図1は、本発明の処理方法による、港湾浚渫土の中の土粒子の凝集・フロック形成メカニズムを示す概念図である。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method for treating dredged soil in a harbor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The dredged soil treatment method is carried out by using an inorganic flocculant, a polymer flocculant, or a combination thereof. For example,
(1) A method of treating a clay by adding an inorganic flocculant or a polymer flocculant alone (2) A method of treating a clay by adding an inorganic flocculant and then adding a polymer flocculant 3) A method of treating clay by adding a polymer flocculant and then adding an inorganic flocculant (described in JP-A-3-161099)
(4) A method of forming a floc by adding a polymer flocculant, and then crushing the floc through a mechanical crushing step, and then adding an inorganic flocculant to treat the clay (described in JP-A-6-134500)
Etc. have been proposed.
Among these conventional methods, the treatment method (1) is a treatment method in which each aggregating agent electrically neutralizes the colloidal charge of the suspended substance existing in the clay and agglomerates. In the treatment method (2), the colloidal charge of the suspended substance existing in the clay is electrically neutralized by the inorganic flocculant, and the neutralized suspended substance is then polymerized by the polymer flocculant. This is a method of cross-linking and agglomerating. In the processing method (3), a floc having a three-dimensional network structure is formed by addition of a polymer flocculant, and then electrically neutralized with a polyvalent cation of the inorganic flocculant, thereby producing a highly hydrophobic floc. The processing method (4) is a method in which the floc having a three-dimensional network structure formed by the processing method (3) is mechanically crushed, and then a highly hydrophobic floc is formed with an inorganic flocculant. It is a method of forming.
The clay treated by such a method is solid-liquid separated by a method of allowing it to stand in a settling tank and settling and separating, or a method of mechanically dehydrating.
[0003]
Patent Literature 1. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-161099
2. JP-A-6-134500
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Among the prior arts, solid-liquid separation can be achieved by sedimentation separation using a sedimentation tank or mechanical dehydration treatment using a filter press according to the method of treating the clay by adding inorganic or polymer flocculants individually. der Ru. However, since the formed floc is fragile, it cannot be processed by a belt press, a drum press, or a screw press dehydrator that requires a strong floc that does not break even when a pressing force is applied.
In addition, an inorganic flocculant is added to electrically neutralize the colloidal charge of the suspended solids present in the clay, and then the polymer flocculant is added and stirred to remove the neutralized suspended solids from the polymer. In the method of agglomerating by the cross-linking action of the polymer, it is possible to use a dehydrator to which squeezing force is applied, but since the floc is weak and leaks from the machine, a large amount of suspended matter leaks to the treated water side, Not only did the processing efficiency decrease, but the amount of chemicals used increased, which was a problem in terms of cost.
[0005]
Also, a method of treating a clay by adding a polymer flocculant and then adding an inorganic flocculant (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-161099), and adding a polymer flocculant to form a floc, then mechanical In the method of treating the clay by adding an inorganic flocculant after crushing the floc through the crushing step (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-134500), the liquid layer portion contains almost no electrolyte and the colloid charge amount is relatively high. for soil, Ru can be fully adapted. However, dredged in dredged soil and harbor dredging and estuaries containing salts (hereinafter referred to as harbor dredging soil.) Is, Na in liquid layer portion +, Ca 2+, Mg 2+, Cl -, SO 4 2- Because it contains a large amount of electrolyte typified by ions, the dissolution rate and molecular spread of the polymer flocculant added in powder or solution are suppressed, and the floc formed is stirred and impacted. However, it is difficult to adjust to the desired floc particle size range.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies to overcome the disadvantages of the conventional methods described above and establish a method for efficiently and efficiently dewatering harbor dredged soil , thereby completing the present invention.
The treatment method of the present invention adjusts the pH of a harbor soil having a water content ratio of 200 to 1000% containing soil particles in an aggregated state in the sludge liquid layer to 8 to 11, In the first step, an aqueous dispersion of 0.1 to 5.0 parts by weight of the effective solid content is added to 100 parts by weight of the dry solid content of the harbor clay, and by negative ions generated from the dispersant , In the second step, the anionic polymer flocculant aqueous solution is added in the second step, and the inorganic flocculant is added and stirred in the third step to form flocs. A harbor dredging treatment method characterized by obtaining a dehydrated product using a dehydrator after hydrophobizing.
At that time, in order to obtain a sufficient spread of the polymer molecules of the anionic polymer flocculant, the harbor soil is adjusted to pH 8 to 11 by adding an alkali agent.
When the water content is 200% or less , the clay is generally solidified by adding a solidifying material such as cement or lime directly to the clay, so that the dewatering treatment is not performed using a flocculant. When the water content is 1000% or more, a small amount of a flocculant is added, and a sedimentation treatment is mainly performed using a thickener. Therefore, a mechanical dehydration treatment is not performed using the flocculant. Harbor dredging with a water content of 200 to 1000% is suitable as a treatment target of the present invention. If the effective solid content of the aqueous dispersant solution is 0.1 parts by weight or less, the charge of the clay particles cannot be negatively ionized, and the soil particles cannot be sufficiently dispersed. If it is 5.0 parts by weight or more, the processing cost increases, which is not economical.
[0007]
The aggregation / floc formation mechanism in the treatment method of the present invention is not clearly understood at present, but is generally presumed to be the mechanism shown in FIG.
In the first step, when an aqueous solution of the dispersing agent is added to the harbor dredged soil containing the electrolyte, the dispersing agent is adsorbed on the surface of the soil particles in an aggregated state by the action of the electrolyte, and a negative ion is generated. Thus, the charge of the soil particles is negatively ionized to activate the soil particles, and the entire soil particles are uniformly dispersed in the liquid layer portion. The negative ions generated from the dispersing agent adsorbed on the clay particles are, for example, negative ions generated by ionization of carboxyl groups when the dispersing agent is polycarboxylic acid sodium salt or humic acid sodium salt. In the second step, the anionic polymer flocculant added is efficiently adsorbed on the dispersed particles and flocking proceeds. It is thought that a floc is formed by the effect of the polyvalent cation of the inorganic flocculant added in the third step, and at the same time, a strong floc that can be hydrophobized and can withstand press dehydration.
[0008]
The processing method of the present invention and the conventional processing method, particularly the processing methods described in JP-A Nos. 6-134500 and 3-161099, differ greatly in the following points.
If the liquid layer portion of the clay contains almost no electrolyte, according to the treatment method described in JP-A-6-134500, the floc formed when the polymer flocculant is added is strong, so that the predetermined particle size range is also obtained by crushing. The floc can be adjusted (mostly fine particles are not generated) and can be hydrophobized by adding an inorganic flocculant. However, Na +, Ca 2+, Mg 2+ in liquid layer portion, Cl -, when the harbor dredging soil electrolyte represented by SO 4 2-ions are contained in a large amount, the addition of polymeric flocculant Since the flocs that are sometimes formed are weak, not only in the crushing process, but also in normal stirring, it is difficult not only to easily refine and adjust to a predetermined particle size, but also when an inorganic flocculant is added There is a drawback that the flocs collapse and become fine particles.
[0009]
The treatment method of the present invention is a specific amount of dispersant for harbor dredger with a water content ratio of 200 to 1000% including soil particles in an aggregated state due to the influence of the electrolyte present in the sludge liquid layer portion adjusted to pH 8 to 11 in advance. Is added to the dispersed state by negative ions generated from the dispersant, and the sludge is apparently not containing electrolyte. As a result, the anionic polymer flocculant added in the second step efficiently adsorbs on the dispersed particles without forming fine flocs, aggregates the soil particles, and spreads sufficiently in the liquid phase. . The polyvalent cation of the inorganic flocculant added in the third step acts on the polymer flocculant adsorbing the soil particles to form a floc and simultaneously hydrophobize to form a strong floc that can withstand press dehydration. In addition, it is possible to eliminate the difficulty of mechanically adjusting the floc to a certain particle size range and achieve a very efficient processing method.
When the treatment method of the present invention is applied to harbor dredgers in which the liquid layer portion contains a large amount of electrolytes typified by Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Cl , SO 4 2− ions, The effect is remarkably exhibited.
[0010]
Dispersants used in the first step of the present invention include acidic sodium pyrophosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium tetraphosphate, sodium metahexaphosphate; sodium lignin sulfonate and other salts such as lignin sulfonic acid Iron salt, sodium humate and other salts such as potassium humate, sodium polycarboxylate and its derivatives may be used, especially sodium polycarboxylate aqueous solution (Ternite product, Co., Ltd .; ) Is desirable. Moreover, the addition amount is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5.0 parts by weight in terms of effective solid content with respect to 100 parts by weight of dry solid content of harbor clay . Below this range, the adsorption effect of the polymer flocculant used in the second step cannot be enhanced, and good floc cannot be obtained when an inorganic flocculant is added in the third step. On the other hand, if it is above the above range, the amount of the inorganic flocculant used in the same step increases, resulting in high cost.
[0011]
The anionic polymer flocculant used in the second step includes polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, maleic anhydride polymer, polyacrylate ester, guar gum, etc. as weak anionic, medium and high anionic properties Examples thereof include copolymers of acrylamide and acrylate, polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl sulfonic acid, and the like, and these derivatives can also be used. These polymer flocculants having a molecular weight of about 1200 to 18 million exhibit excellent effects.
In addition, as an addition method of the anionic polymer flocculant, the powdered product is added to the dry solid content 100 of the harbor clay with respect to parts by weight, or an effective solid content in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 parts by weight, Or the solution which melt | dissolved in the range of 0.3-0.90 weight part with respect to 100 volume parts of seawater is 0.1-1.0 weight part in an effective solid amount with respect to 100 weight part of dry solid content of a clay. The liquid type polymer flocculant having a solid content of 40% or more may be added within a range of 0.1 to 1.0 parts by weight in terms of the effective solid content with respect to 100 parts by weight of the dry solid content of the clay. You may add in the range.
[0012]
Furthermore, the inorganic flocculant added in the third step is one of polyaluminum chloride (PAC), ferric chloride, aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, cement and slaked lime. Or 2 or more types can be used. Of these, a polyaluminum chloride solution is most preferred, and is added in an amount of 0.2 to 2.0 parts by weight in terms of effective solid content with respect to 100 parts by weight of dry solid content of clay.
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but is not limited thereto.
[0013]
[Example 1]
About the harbor dredging processing method containing electrolyte, the processing test result implemented in the comparison with the conventional method and the processing method of this invention is demonstrated below.
Treatment method of the present invention With respect to 100 parts by weight of dry solid content of harbor clay with a water content ratio of 500%,
First step: 1.0 parts by weight of a 20% sodium hydroxide solution was added as an alkaline agent, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred with a stirrer to adjust the pH to 9.2. Amount: 30%) is added in a range of 0.15 to 0.75 parts by weight as an effective solid content, and the mixture is sufficiently stirred.
Second step: As a liquid type anionic polymer flocculant, an acrylamide / acrylate copolymer (solid content: 40%) in an effective solid content of 0.2 to 0.4 parts by weight. Change the amount to be added and stir well.
Third step: As an inorganic flocculant, a polyaluminum chloride solution is added with an effective solid content in the range of 0.8 to 1.3 parts by weight, and the mixture is stirred to obtain a highly hydrophobic floc. .
The obtained floc was dehydrated using a compression-type dehydration tester, and the water content ratio and corn index of the dehydrated sludge were measured.
[0014]
[Comparative Example 1]
(Method [0002], (2))
For 100 parts by weight of dry solids of harbor clay with a moisture content of 500%,
(1) Add 0.08 part by weight of an effective solid content of polyaluminum chloride solution and stir.
(2) As a polymer flocculant having a concentration of 0.1 (weight / volume%), the addition amount of the acrylamide / acrylate copolymer solution is changed to 0.025 or 0.05 parts by weight with an effective solid content concentration. Add, stir and agglomerate to obtain floc.
[0015]
[Comparative Example 2]
(Method described in JP-A-3-161099)
For 100 parts by weight of dry solids of harbor clay with a moisture content of 500%,
(1) As a polymer flocculant, an addition amount of a acrylamide / acrylate copolymer 0.1 (weight / volume%) solution in a solid content concentration of 0.05 to 0.2 parts by weight is changed. Add,
Stir.
(2) The polyaluminum chloride solution is added in a range of 0.1 or 0.2 parts by weight with an effective solid content, and is agglomerated by stirring.
[0016]
[Comparative Example 3]
(Method described in JP-A-6-134500)
For 100 parts by weight of dry solids of harbor clay with a moisture content of 500%,
(1) The addition amount of acrylamide / acrylate copolymer as a polymer flocculant having a concentration of 0.1 (weight / volume%) is changed within a range of 0.1 or 0.2 parts by weight as a solid content concentration. Add and agglomerate with stirring.
(2) The floc particle size is adjusted to 0.01 to 2.0 mm by high-speed stirring. The polyaluminum chloride solution is added at an effective solid content in the range of 0.1 or 0.2 parts by weight, and the agglomeration is performed by stirring.
The obtained floc was dehydrated using a compression-type dehydration tester, and the water content ratio and corn index of the dehydrated sludge were measured.
The method for dewatering the aggregates is to pour the same volume of aggregates into a cylindrical cell container with filter paper on the bottom, and push the piston with an O-ring connected to the hydraulic cylinder from the top to 200kN / m 2 × 10 minutes. This is a method of squeezing and dehydrating under the conditions of The cone index was measured in accordance with the cone index test method [JIS A 1228] for compacted soil.
The experimental results are shown in Table 1.
[0017]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003880917
As shown in Table 1, the treatment method of the present invention showed a clear improvement in the moisture content of the floc after dehydration and the measured corn index, as compared with the conventional method.
[0018]
[Example 2]
About the harbor dredging processing method containing electrolyte, the processing test result implemented in the comparison with the conventional method and the processing method of this invention is demonstrated below.
With respect to 100 parts by weight of the dry solid content of the harbor clay having a water content ratio of 400% according to the present invention ,
First step: 1.0 parts by weight of a 20% sodium hydroxide solution was added as an alkaline agent, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred with a stirrer to adjust the pH to 9.2. (Amount: 30%) is added in the range of 0.15 to 0.6 parts by weight in terms of effective solid content, and sufficiently stirred.
Second step: As a liquid type anionic polymer flocculant, an acrylamide / acrylate copolymer (solid content: 40%) in an effective solid content of 0.2 to 0.4 parts by weight. Change the amount to be added and stir well.
Third step: As an inorganic flocculant, a polyaluminum chloride solution is added with an effective solid content in the range of 0.4 to 0.9 parts by weight, and the mixture is stirred to obtain a highly hydrophobic floc. .
The obtained floc was dehydrated using a compression-type dehydration tester, and the water content ratio and corn index of the dehydrated sludge were measured.
[0019]
[Comparative Example 4]
(Method [0002] (2))
For 100 parts by weight of dry solids in harbor clay with a water content of 400%,
(1) Add 0.1 parts by weight of polyaluminum chloride solution in effective solid content and stir.
(2) As a polymer flocculant solution having a concentration of 0.1 (weight / volume%), the addition amount of the acrylamide / acrylate copolymer is changed to 0.05 or 0.1 parts by weight at an effective solid content concentration. Add, stir and agglomerate to obtain floc.
The obtained floc was dehydrated using a compression-type dehydration tester, and the water content ratio and corn index of the dehydrated sludge were measured.
The method for dewatering the aggregates is to pour the same volume of aggregates into a cylindrical cell container with filter paper on the bottom, and push the piston with an O-ring connected to the hydraulic cylinder from the top to 200kN / m 2 × 10 minutes. This is a method of squeezing and dehydrating under the conditions of The cone index was measured in accordance with the cone index test method [JIS A 1228] for compacted soil.
The experimental results are shown in Table 2.
[0020]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003880917
As shown in Table 2, the treatment method of the present invention showed a clear improvement in the moisture content of the floc after dehydration and the measured corn index as compared with the conventional method.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a harbor soil with a water content of 200 to 1000% containing an electrolyte and containing soil particles in an aggregated state in a sludge liquid layer is adjusted to pH 8 to 11, and a specific amount is added to the harbor soil. By adding the dispersant, the soil particles are returned to a dispersed state, and the dispersed particles are aggregated by the anionic polymer flocculant added in the second step without forming fine flocs. Efficiently adsorbs the polymer on it and spreads it sufficiently in the liquid phase. The polyvalent cations of the inorganic flocculant added in the third step act on the polymer flocculant adsorbing the soil particles to form flocks. At the same time, it can be hydrophobized, thereby forming a strong floc that can withstand squeezing and dewatering. In addition, it is possible to eliminate the difficulty of mechanically adjusting the floc to a certain particle size range and achieve a very efficient processing method.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a mechanism of agglomeration / floc formation of soil particles in harbor dredged soil according to a treatment method of the present invention.

Claims (5)

電解質を含み、汚泥液層部に凝集状態にある土粒子を含む、含水比200〜1000%の港湾浚渫土をpH8〜11に調整し、この港湾浚渫土に、港湾浚渫土乾燥固形分100重量部に対して、有効固形分量が0.1〜5.0重量部の分散剤水溶液を添加し、電解質の影響で凝集状態にある土粒子を含む港湾浚渫土の荷電を分散剤によって負イオン化し、土粒子を活性化させて分散状態に戻す第一の工程と、
アニオン性高分子凝集剤水溶液を添加し、土粒子上の吸着点に効率良くポリマーを吸着させる第二の工程と、
無機凝集剤を添加、攪拌してフロックを形成及び疎水化させた後、脱水機を使用して、
脱水処理物を得る第三の工程
とを順次に行なうことを特徴とする港湾浚渫土処理方法。
The harbor clay with a water content of 200-1000%, which contains the electrolyte and the soil particles in the sludge liquid layer, is adjusted to pH 8-11, and the harbor clay dry solid content is 100 weight. The aqueous dispersion of 0.1 to 5.0 parts by weight of the effective solid content is added to the part, and the charge of the harbor soil containing soil particles in an aggregated state due to the influence of the electrolyte is negatively ionized by the dispersant. A first step of activating the soil particles to return to a dispersed state;
A second step of adding an aqueous anionic polymer flocculant solution to efficiently adsorb the polymer to the adsorption points on the soil particles;
After adding an inorganic flocculant and stirring to form flocs and hydrophobizing, using a dehydrator,
Third step to obtain dehydrated product
The harbor dredged soil processing method characterized by performing sequentially .
第一の工程で添加される分散剤水溶液の有効固形分量が、港湾浚渫土乾燥固形分100重量部に対し、0.1〜5.0重量部であり、第二の工程で添加されるアニオン性高分子凝集剤水溶液の有効固形分量が、港湾浚渫土乾燥固形分100重量部に対し、0.1〜1.0重量部の範囲であり、第三の工程で添加される無機凝集剤の有効固形分量が、港湾浚渫土乾燥固形分100重量部に対し、0.2〜2.0重量部の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の港湾浚渫土処理方法。The effective solid content of the aqueous dispersant solution added in the first step is 0.1 to 5.0 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the dried dredged solids in the harbor , and the anion added in the second step The effective solid content of the water-soluble polymer flocculant aqueous solution is in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the dry dredged solid content of the harbor clay , and the inorganic flocculant added in the third step 2. The harbor clay treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the effective solid content is in the range of 0.2 to 2.0 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the harbor clay dry solids. 第一の工程で用いる分散剤が、酸性ピロ燐酸ナトリウム、ピロ燐酸ナトリウム、トリポリ燐酸ナトリウム、四燐酸ナトリウム、メタ六燐酸ナトリウム、リグニンスルホン酸ナトリウム及びその他の塩、フミン酸ナトリウム及びその他の塩、ポリカルボン酸ナトリウム及びその誘導体の内の一種類又は、二種類以上の組み合わせからなることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の港湾浚渫土処理方法。The dispersant used in the first step is acidic sodium pyrophosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium tetraphosphate, sodium metahexaphosphate, sodium lignin sulfonate and other salts, sodium humate and other salts, poly The harbor dredged soil treatment method according to claim 1 or 2 , comprising one kind or a combination of two or more kinds of sodium carboxylate and derivatives thereof. 第二の工程で用いるアニオン性高分子凝集剤が、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリビニールアルコール、無水マレイン酸重合物、ポリアクリル酸エステル、グアガム、アクリルアミドとアクリル酸塩の共重合物、ポリスチレンスルホン酸、ポリアクリル酸、ポリビニルスルホン酸及びこれら誘導体類の内の一種類又は二種類以上の組み合わせからなることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の港湾浚渫土処理方法。The anionic polymer flocculant used in the second step is polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, maleic anhydride polymer, polyacrylic ester, guar gum, copolymer of acrylamide and acrylate, polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyacrylic The harbor dredged soil treatment method according to claim 1 or 2 , comprising one kind or a combination of two or more of acids, polyvinyl sulfonic acid and derivatives thereof. 第三の工程で用いる無機凝集剤が、ポリ塩化アルミニウム(PAC)、
塩化第2鉄、硫酸アルミニウム、硫酸第一鉄、塩化カルシウム、塩化マグネシウム、セメント、消石灰の内の一種類又は、二種類以上の組み合わせからなることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の港湾浚渫土処理方法。
The inorganic flocculant used in the third step is polyaluminum chloride (PAC),
The port according to claim 1 or 2 , comprising one or more combinations of ferric chloride, aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, cement, and slaked lime. Soil treatment method.
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