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JP3881780B2 - Nitrogen oxide sensor - Google Patents
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JP3881780B2 - Nitrogen oxide sensor - Google Patents

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JP3881780B2
JP3881780B2 JP20323998A JP20323998A JP3881780B2 JP 3881780 B2 JP3881780 B2 JP 3881780B2 JP 20323998 A JP20323998 A JP 20323998A JP 20323998 A JP20323998 A JP 20323998A JP 3881780 B2 JP3881780 B2 JP 3881780B2
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electrode
conversion
nox
solid electrolyte
detection
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JP2000035415A (en
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晃 国元
政治 長谷井
云智 高
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Riken Corp
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Riken Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ガス雰囲気中のNOx、特に車などの燃焼排ガス中のNOx濃度を検出する窒素酸化物センサに関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、自動車排ガス中に直接挿入して連続検知が行える全固体型NOxセンサが注目を集め、幾つかの研究結果が報告されている。特開平4−142455号公報では、イオン伝導体に感知電極と参照電極を設置し、被検ガス中で電極間の起電力を測定する混成電位型NOxセンサが提案されている。このセンサでは、NOやNO2に対して感度を示すものの、NOとNO2に対する感度極性が相反するために、NOとNO2が共存する被検ガスにおいてはお互いの出力がキャンセルしあい、NOとNO2が共存する場合はそれらを個々に正確に検出することはできない。また、NO感度がNO2感度に比して小さく、NO検知時には出力が小さい欠点がある。このために、このままのセンサ構成では総NOx検知ができない。
【0003】
この総NOx検知の問題に対しては、その対策として本発明者らはジルコニア固体電解質体に測定ガス雰囲気に連通する内部空所を設け、NOx中のNOあるいはNO2をどちらか一方に単ガス化して検知する総NOxセンサを提案した(特願平8−85419、特願平8−165105)。これはジルコニア固体電解質内に一室あるいは二室の缶室を形成し、少なくとも一室内で電気化学的酸素ポンプによりNOに還元、あるいはNO2に酸化させ、その単ガス化されたNOxを検知する方式である。さらに、電気化学的酸素ポンプにNOx活性を付与したNOx変換ポンプを提案した(特願平9−329637)。これにより、NOx変換能は大幅に改善されたが、まだ対象ガスの全てを検知できるようになったわけではない。変換効率が完全でないと前述のようにNOとNO2がキャンセルし合いNOx出力がその分低下してしまう。従って、燃焼排気ガス中の特に低濃度NOxを検知するには更なる変換効率の改善が必要である。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
このように、これまでに提案されている混成電位型NOxセンサは、総NOx濃度を確実に低濃度域まで検出する場合には、変換電極および検知電極をも含めた出力増大の対策を講ずる必要がある。本発明はNOx変換および検知する部位の構造および材料に関する発明により、大幅な出力改善がなされたトータルNOxセンサを提供することを目的としている。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
以上のような課題に鑑み、以下のような方法にて課題解決を提案する。すなわち、酸素イオン伝導体である第1固体電解質上に形成されたNOxと酸素に活性を有する検知電極と、当該検知電極をNOxをNOあるいはNO2に変換するための所定電圧が印加された変換電極とが直接に積層接合され、当該変換電極と酸素イオン伝導体である第2固体電解質を挟んで変換電極用対極が設置され、前記第1固体電解質上にNOxに不活性な検知極用の参照極が具備された構造であって、該検知極と参照極との間の電位差を測定することによりNOx濃度を検出することを特徴とする窒素酸化物センサと、酸素イオン伝導体である第1固体電解質上に形成されたNOxと酸素に活性を有する検知電極と、当該検知電極がNOxをNOあるいはNO2に変換するための所定電圧が印加された変換電極とが同一材料により共用され、当該変換電極と酸素イオン伝導体である第2固体電解質を挟んで変換電極用対極が設置され、前記第1固体電解質上にNOxに不活性な或いは測定ガスから隔離された検知極用参照極が具備された構造であって、該検知極と参照極との間の電位差を測定することによりNOx濃度を検出することを特徴とする窒素酸化物センサが本発明の根幹をなす。
【0006】
さらに、前記の検知極兼変換電極と接する第2固体電解質が検知対象NOxガスを拡散律速せずに通過できるのに充分な多孔度を有するか、あるいは当該第2固体電解質に部分的な絶縁体もしくは固体電解質の多孔体が具備されることにより、NOx変換の効率は大きく改善される。
【0007】
また、変換対極でのNOx逆変換効果を防止するためには、前記の変換電極用対極が第2固体電解質を挟んで形成される変換電極兼検知極と位置的に重ね合わさずに形成された構造であって、NOxガスが当該対極を通過せずに直接第2固体電解質から変換電極に到達することが効果的である。
【0008】
一方、前記の検知極兼変換電極を挟んで設置される第1と第2固体電解質が酸素イオン伝導体として絶縁されていることは変換効率を向上するためには必須である。また、検知極兼変換電極の材料としてPtとRhとの合金、あるいはPtとRhとRuとからなる合金を用いることにより本発明の効果は一層増大される。
【0009】
また、PtとRhとの合金、あるいはPtとRhとRuとからなる合金で形成される検知極兼変換電極の中にアルミナを主体とする電気絶縁性物質の粒子が分散添加された多孔質電極は製造上最も酸素イオン伝導性の絶縁手段として容易であり、かつ効率的である。
【0010】
さらに、被検ガス中のNOとNO2の存在比に関わらず安定したトータルNOx検知特性を得るには、少なくとも変換電極兼検知極に通ずる測定ガス流入経路に検知対象NOxがガス平衡となる前室を設け、当該前室及び該検知電極が配置される測定室を酸素濃度が0.1〜30%の間に制御し、且つ所定の温度に保持することで達成される。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の最も重要な創意部は、電圧が印加される変換電極部1と電圧が印加されない検知極部2とが共用されることである。従来、この考えが実証できなかった最大の原因は、電気化学的な独立回路がなりたっていなかったためであろう。すなわち、検知電極2と参照極3との間の電位差測定回路と変換電極1と変換対極4との間の電圧印加回路は酸素イオン伝導的に絶縁されてなければならない。即ち、酸素イオン伝導体同志が接続されていないことが必要である(電子伝導でつながっていても良い)。従来、ガス電極を得る為に固体電解質5、6であるジルコニア粒子を電極中に分散添加することが通常であったが、逆にこのジルコニア粒子同士が接合しあいイオン伝導的に短絡してしまっていたと考えられる。従って、ガス電極とすると共にイオン伝導的に絶縁を行うには電気的(電子伝導的)に高絶縁体であるアルミナ系粒子の添加を行うことにより達成できる。
【0012】
さらに、変換効率を上げるために必ず変換電極1を経由するようなガス拡散経路を工夫してやることが重要である。すなわち、固体電解質5を多孔化し、変換電極1に即座に到達し変換されると同時に検知する構造である。但し、この場合、変換対極4ではNOxの逆変換を行おうとする電圧が掛かってしまうため、この部位をガスが経由しないで変換電極1に到達することが望ましい。ガス拡散孔の寸法は0.1〜0.5mm径とする。
【0013】
従来技術で触れたように、変換電極1自体の変換能を向上するにはNOx活性をも付与することが必要である。すなわちNOx検知極材料と同一あるは、変換電極1と検知極2とが直接積層接合していることが望ましい。従って、材料としては、変換電極1用としてPt−Rh,Pt−Rh−Ru,Pt−Ru系がより有効である。一方、検知極2材料としてはPt−Rh,Pt−Rh−Ru,Irがより有効である。この場合、(Rh)/(Pt+Rh)の比を0.01〜0.5、又、(Rh+Ru)/(Pt+Rh+Ru)の比を0.01〜0.5とするのが好ましい。
【0014】
さらに、混成電位型の特徴である酸素存在下で検知するため、例えば図6に示される構造のように酸素存在下でNOxガス平衡となる前室をガス経路に形成すると、変換電極に到達するNOx中のNOとNO2の存在比は常に一定となる。そのため、変換能力を一定に、すなわち変換電圧、酸素濃度、センサ温度を一定に保ってやればこのトータル検知性はより安定して得られることとなる。
以下に実施例を述べさらに詳細に説明を行うが、例示された以外でも技術的思想が同一なものは本発明の範疇にあることは明白である。
【0015】
【実施例】
(実施例1)
図1に示す本発明の基本構造を有するNOxセンサを作製した。まず、6モルイットリア添加のジルコニア生シート(6mm×10mm×0.2mm厚)5上にPt-Ru(5%)合金粉とジルコニア粉末、および有機バインダ、溶剤とを混合して作られたNOx変換電極1用ペーストをスクリーン印刷にて形成した。その反対面にPtとジルコニア粉末とからなる印刷ペーストを同様にして印刷し変換対極4を形成した。これを変換電極シートと呼ぶ。
次にやはり6モルイットリア添加のジルコニア生シート(6mm×10mm×0.2mm厚)6上にPt-Rh(3%)合金粉とジルコニア粉末、および有機バインダ、溶剤とを混合して作られたNOx検知電極2用ペーストをスクリーン印刷にて形成した。やはりその反対面にPtとジルコニア粉末とからなる印刷ペーストを同様にして印刷し参照極3を形成した。これを検知極シートと呼ぶ。
【0016】
この変換電極シートと検知極シートを変換電極と検知電極とを合わさるように直接接合した。接合する方法はジルコニアシート同士が接触しないように、電極の周囲にテオブロミン消失シートを挟み込んで一軸加圧プレスを行った。この電極間に1本のPtリード線7を入れておいた。変換対極4及び参照極3にもPtリード線8、9をペーストづけしてある。これを、大気500℃にて脱脂焼成を行い、その後1350℃の焼成を行って本発明の図1に示すセンササンプルを作製した。
【0017】
一方、比較の為に従来構造である図5に示すような、変換電極と検知極の間に多孔質の高純度アルミナペーストの印刷絶縁層10を設けたものも同時に作製した。変換電極1と検知電極2は各のPtリード11、12が取り付けられている。他の構成部品については、図1に関連する実施例1に記載された手法と同じ手法で作成した。
【0018】
図2に示す例は、変換電極と検知電極とを前述した何れかの電極材料で作成し即ち同一材料で共用する形で作成されている以外は図1と同じ手法で作られている。
【0019】
図3に示す例は、図2に示す例の変形例で、多孔質ジルコニア固体電解質基板5にガス拡散孔13を設けたものである。好ましくは、変換対極4と対接する固体電解質基板5の中央部を、0.1〜0.5mm径のガス拡散孔13を有する多孔質体で構成する。
【0020】
図4に示す例は、図3に示す例の改良で、変換対極4の中央部を切断したもので、他の部分は図1〜図3の例と同じである。
【0021】
このようにして作製された実施例1による本発明センサと従来センサ素子を電気炉中に設置された石英管の中にセットし、加熱保持しながら、NOガス20〜500ppm、あるいはNO+NO2混合ガス20〜500ppmを2L/minで流し、600℃にてNOx感度を測定した。ただし、変換電極(共用電極)と変換対極との間には0.5Vの直流電圧を図1および図2に示される向きに印加した。これらの素子構造の場合、使用したジルコニアシートは緻密質となるため、NOxガスは多孔質電極、あるいは多孔質アルミナ絶縁層の側面から出入りする。
NOx感度の測定結果を本発明センサと従来センサとを比較して表1に示す。ここに見られるように、本発明センサは従来センサに比べて大幅な感度改善がなされ、トータルNOx検知性能も優れていることが分かる。
【0022】
【表1】

Figure 0003881780
【0023】
図2〜図4に示す例のセンサも図1の例と実質的に同じ結果を示した。
変換電極と検知電極とを酸素イオン伝導性を絶縁しながら積層接合、あるいは共用とすることでNOx、特にNOとNO2とが共存するような車排ガス中のNOxをトータルNOx量として非常に大きなセンサ出力でとらえることができる。従って、トータルNOx検知の測定精度の向上、あるいは耐ノイズ性能の改善、変換電極電圧の低減による変換電極の劣化防止などが容易に得られる。
【0024】
図1〜図4の例は、測定ガス雰囲気中に配される混成電位型センサである。本発明の一例の図6の例は、大気と測定ガス雰囲気とを隔壁18により区画し、NOx参照極3を大気にさらし、NOx変換対極4をガス導入口14を介して測定ガス雰囲気に通じる前室15内に配する。前室15内へは酸素量が酸素ポンプ電極16、17によりくみ込まれる。酸素ポンプ電極16、17としては、Pt等の金属とZrO2等のセラミックスとから構成したものやPt−Au合金とZrO2とのサーメットにて構成した公知構成の多孔質体を用いるとよい。図6に示す例は、図3の例と基本的な考えと構成を共通させているので共通部品には同一符号を記し、その説明を省略する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】変換電極材料と検知電極材料とが異なる場合の本発明センサの構造例を示す断面図である。
【図2】変換電極と検知電極とが同一材料にて共用され、また変換電極用固体電解質が多孔質からなる本発明センサの構造例を示す断面図である。
【図3】変換電極用固体電解質(緻密質)の一部が多孔体で形成されている本発明センサの構造例を示す断面図である。
【図4】変換対極がガス流入経路から排除されている本発明センサの構造例を示す断面図である。
【図5】変換電極と検知電極との間に多孔質絶縁層が設けられている従来型センサの構造例を示す断面図である。
【図6】変換電極と検知電極とを兼用した本発明センサに前室を具備した積層型センサ構造の一例を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 変換電極
2 検知極
3 参照極
4 変換対極
5、6 固体電解質基板
13 ガス拡散孔
15 前室[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a nitrogen oxide sensor that detects NOx concentration in a gas atmosphere, particularly NOx concentration in combustion exhaust gas from a car or the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, all-solid-type NOx sensors that can be directly inserted into automobile exhaust gas and perform continuous detection have attracted attention, and several research results have been reported. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-142455 proposes a mixed potential type NOx sensor in which a sensing electrode and a reference electrode are installed on an ion conductor and an electromotive force between the electrodes is measured in a test gas. In this sensor, while indicating sensitivity to NO and NO 2, for sensitivity polarity to NO and NO 2 is reciprocal, mutually canceled output of each other in the subject gas NO and NO 2 coexist, and NO When NO 2 coexists, they cannot be detected accurately individually. Further, the NO sensitivity is smaller than the NO 2 sensitivity, and there is a disadvantage that the output is small when NO is detected. For this reason, the total NOx cannot be detected with the sensor configuration as it is.
[0003]
As a countermeasure against this total NOx detection problem, the present inventors provided an internal space communicating with the measurement gas atmosphere in the zirconia solid electrolyte body, and either NO or NO 2 in NOx is a single gas. The total NOx sensor which detects and detects is proposed (Japanese Patent Application No. 8-85419, Japanese Patent Application No. 8-165105). This forms one or two can chambers in the zirconia solid electrolyte, and at least one chamber is reduced to NO or oxidized to NO 2 by an electrochemical oxygen pump, and the single gasified NOx is detected. It is a method. Furthermore, a NOx conversion pump in which NOx activity is imparted to an electrochemical oxygen pump has been proposed (Japanese Patent Application No. 9-329637). As a result, the NOx conversion ability has been greatly improved, but not all of the target gas can be detected yet. If the conversion efficiency is not perfect, NO and NO 2 cancel each other as described above, and the NOx output decreases accordingly. Therefore, in order to detect particularly low concentration NOx in the combustion exhaust gas, it is necessary to further improve the conversion efficiency.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, in the mixed potential type NOx sensor that has been proposed so far, it is necessary to take measures to increase the output including the conversion electrode and the detection electrode when the total NOx concentration is surely detected to the low concentration range. There is. An object of the present invention is to provide a total NOx sensor in which the output is greatly improved by the invention relating to the structure and material of the NOx conversion and detection site.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of the problems as described above, a problem solution is proposed by the following method. That is, the NOx formed on the first solid electrolyte that is an oxygen ion conductor and a detection electrode active in oxygen, and the conversion applied to the detection electrode with a predetermined voltage for converting NOx to NO or NO 2 An electrode is directly laminated and joined, and a conversion electrode counter electrode is installed across the conversion electrode and a second solid electrolyte that is an oxygen ion conductor, and a detection electrode that is inert to NOx is disposed on the first solid electrolyte. A nitrogen oxide sensor having a reference electrode, wherein the NOx concentration is detected by measuring a potential difference between the detection electrode and the reference electrode, and an oxygen ion conductor 1 The NOx and oxygen sensing electrodes formed on the solid electrolyte and the conversion electrode to which the sensing electrode is applied with a predetermined voltage for converting NOx to NO or NO 2 are shared by the same material, A counter electrode for a conversion electrode is placed between the conversion electrode and a second solid electrolyte that is an oxygen ion conductor, and a reference electrode for a detection electrode that is inert to NOx or isolated from a measurement gas is disposed on the first solid electrolyte. A nitrogen oxide sensor, which is a provided structure and detects NOx concentration by measuring a potential difference between the detection electrode and the reference electrode, forms the basis of the present invention.
[0006]
Further, the second solid electrolyte in contact with the detection electrode / conversion electrode has a sufficient porosity so that the NOx gas to be detected can pass through without being diffusion-controlled, or a partial insulator in the second solid electrolyte. Alternatively, by providing a solid electrolyte porous body, the efficiency of NOx conversion is greatly improved.
[0007]
Further, in order to prevent the NOx reverse conversion effect at the conversion counter electrode, the conversion electrode counter electrode is formed without being overlapped with the conversion electrode / detection electrode formed across the second solid electrolyte. It is effective in that the NOx gas reaches the conversion electrode directly from the second solid electrolyte without passing through the counter electrode.
[0008]
On the other hand, it is essential to improve the conversion efficiency that the first and second solid electrolytes installed with the detection electrode / conversion electrode interposed therebetween are insulated as oxygen ion conductors. Further, the effect of the present invention is further enhanced by using an alloy of Pt and Rh or an alloy of Pt, Rh, and Ru as the material for the sensing electrode / conversion electrode.
[0009]
Also, a porous electrode in which particles of an electrically insulating material mainly composed of alumina are dispersed and added to a sensing electrode / conversion electrode formed of an alloy of Pt and Rh, or an alloy of Pt, Rh, and Ru. Is easy and efficient as the most oxygen ion conductive insulating means in production.
[0010]
Furthermore, in order to obtain stable total NOx detection characteristics regardless of the ratio of NO and NO2 in the test gas, at least the front chamber where the detection target NOx is in gas equilibrium in the measurement gas inflow path leading to the conversion electrode / detection electrode This is achieved by controlling the oxygen concentration of 0.1 to 30% and maintaining the measurement chamber in which the front chamber and the detection electrode are disposed at a predetermined temperature.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The most important inventive part of the present invention is that the conversion electrode part 1 to which a voltage is applied and the detection electrode part 2 to which no voltage is applied are shared. Previously, the biggest reason why this idea could not be proved was that an electrochemical independent circuit was not available. That is, the potential difference measurement circuit between the detection electrode 2 and the reference electrode 3 and the voltage application circuit between the conversion electrode 1 and the conversion counter electrode 4 must be insulated in oxygen ion conduction. That is, it is necessary that the oxygen ion conductors are not connected (may be connected by electronic conduction). Conventionally, in order to obtain a gas electrode, it has been usual to disperse and add zirconia particles, which are solid electrolytes 5 and 6, into the electrode. It is thought. Therefore, the gas electrode and the ion conductive insulation can be achieved by adding alumina-based particles that are electrically (electronically conductive) highly insulating.
[0012]
Furthermore, it is important to devise a gas diffusion path that always passes through the conversion electrode 1 in order to increase the conversion efficiency. That is, it is a structure in which the solid electrolyte 5 is made porous and immediately reaches the conversion electrode 1 to be converted and detected at the same time. However, in this case, since a voltage for reverse conversion of NOx is applied to the conversion counter electrode 4, it is desirable to reach the conversion electrode 1 without gas passing through this portion. The size of the gas diffusion hole is 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
[0013]
As mentioned in the prior art, in order to improve the conversion ability of the conversion electrode 1 itself, it is necessary to impart NOx activity as well. That is, it is desirable that the conversion electrode 1 and the detection electrode 2 are directly laminated and joined, although it is the same as the NOx detection electrode material. Therefore, Pt-Rh, Pt-Rh-Ru, and Pt-Ru systems are more effective as materials for the conversion electrode 1. On the other hand, Pt-Rh, Pt-Rh-Ru, and Ir are more effective as the sensing electrode 2 material. In this case, the ratio (Rh) / (Pt + Rh) is preferably 0.01 to 0.5, and the ratio (Rh + Ru) / (Pt + Rh + Ru) is preferably 0.01 to 0.5.
[0014]
Further, in order to detect in the presence of oxygen, which is a characteristic of the mixed potential type, for example, when a front chamber that is in an NOx gas equilibrium in the presence of oxygen is formed in the gas path as in the structure shown in FIG. The abundance ratio of NO to NO 2 in NOx is always constant. Therefore, if the conversion capability is kept constant, that is, if the conversion voltage, the oxygen concentration, and the sensor temperature are kept constant, this total detectability can be obtained more stably.
Examples will be described below in more detail, but it is obvious that those having the same technical idea other than those illustrated are within the scope of the present invention.
[0015]
【Example】
Example 1
A NOx sensor having the basic structure of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 was produced. First, NOx made by mixing Pt-Ru (5%) alloy powder, zirconia powder, organic binder, and solvent on a 6 mol yttria-added zirconia raw sheet (6 mm × 10 mm × 0.2 mm thickness) 5 A paste for conversion electrode 1 was formed by screen printing. On the opposite surface, a printing paste composed of Pt and zirconia powder was printed in the same manner to form a conversion counter electrode 4. This is called a conversion electrode sheet.
Next, it was made by mixing Pt-Rh (3%) alloy powder, zirconia powder, organic binder, and solvent on zirconia raw sheet (6 mm x 10 mm x 0.2 mm thickness) 6 with 6 mol yttria added. A paste for NOx detection electrode 2 was formed by screen printing. The reference electrode 3 was formed by printing a printing paste made of Pt and zirconia powder in the same manner on the opposite surface. This is called a detection electrode sheet.
[0016]
The conversion electrode sheet and the detection electrode sheet were directly joined so that the conversion electrode and the detection electrode were combined. As a method of joining, a uniaxial press was performed by sandwiching a theobromine-disappearing sheet around the electrodes so that the zirconia sheets do not contact each other. One Pt lead wire 7 was placed between the electrodes. Pt lead wires 8 and 9 are also pasted on the conversion counter electrode 4 and the reference electrode 3. This was degreased and fired at 500 ° C. in the atmosphere, and then fired at 1350 ° C. to produce a sensor sample shown in FIG. 1 of the present invention.
[0017]
On the other hand, for comparison, a conventional structure having a printed insulating layer 10 of porous high-purity alumina paste between the conversion electrode and the detection electrode as shown in FIG. The conversion electrode 1 and the detection electrode 2 have Pt leads 11 and 12 attached thereto. Other components were created by the same technique as described in Example 1 related to FIG.
[0018]
The example shown in FIG. 2 is made in the same manner as in FIG. 1 except that the conversion electrode and the detection electrode are made of any of the electrode materials described above, that is, are made in the form of sharing the same material.
[0019]
The example shown in FIG. 3 is a modification of the example shown in FIG. 2, in which gas diffusion holes 13 are provided in the porous zirconia solid electrolyte substrate 5. Preferably, the central part of the solid electrolyte substrate 5 in contact with the conversion counter electrode 4 is formed of a porous body having gas diffusion holes 13 having a diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
[0020]
The example shown in FIG. 4 is an improvement of the example shown in FIG. 3, in which the central portion of the conversion counter electrode 4 is cut, and the other parts are the same as those in FIGS. 1 to 3.
[0021]
The sensor of the present invention according to Example 1 and the conventional sensor element thus manufactured were set in a quartz tube installed in an electric furnace and heated and held while NO gas was 20 to 500 ppm or NO + NO 2. A mixed gas of 20 to 500 ppm was flowed at 2 L / min, and NOx sensitivity was measured at 600 ° C. However, a DC voltage of 0.5 V was applied between the conversion electrode (shared electrode) and the conversion counter electrode in the direction shown in FIGS. In the case of these element structures, since the used zirconia sheet is dense, NOx gas enters and exits from the side surface of the porous electrode or the porous alumina insulating layer.
The measurement results of NOx sensitivity are shown in Table 1 comparing the sensor of the present invention with the conventional sensor. As can be seen here, it can be seen that the sensor of the present invention is greatly improved in sensitivity as compared with the conventional sensor, and is superior in total NOx detection performance.
[0022]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003881780
[0023]
The sensor of the example shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 showed substantially the same result as the example of FIG.
Very large stack bonded with the conversion electrode and the detection electrode to insulate the oxygen ion conductivity, or NOx by shared, the NOx car in the exhaust gas, such as in particular coexist with NO and NO 2 as a total NOx amount Can be captured by sensor output. Therefore, improvement in measurement accuracy of total NOx detection, improvement in noise resistance, prevention of deterioration of the conversion electrode due to reduction of the conversion electrode voltage, etc. can be easily obtained.
[0024]
The example of FIGS. 1 to 4 is a mixed potential sensor disposed in a measurement gas atmosphere. In the example of FIG. 6 as an example of the present invention, the atmosphere and the measurement gas atmosphere are partitioned by the partition wall 18, the NOx reference electrode 3 is exposed to the atmosphere, and the NOx conversion counter electrode 4 is communicated to the measurement gas atmosphere via the gas inlet 14. Arranged in the front chamber 15. The amount of oxygen is taken into the front chamber 15 by oxygen pump electrodes 16 and 17. As the oxygen pump electrodes 16 and 17, a well-known porous body composed of a metal such as Pt and a ceramic such as ZrO 2 or a cermet of a Pt—Au alloy and ZrO 2 may be used. The example shown in FIG. 6 shares the same basic idea and configuration as the example of FIG. 3, and therefore, common parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of a sensor of the present invention when a conversion electrode material and a detection electrode material are different.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the structure of a sensor of the present invention in which a conversion electrode and a detection electrode are shared by the same material, and the solid electrolyte for conversion electrode is porous.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of the sensor of the present invention in which a part of the solid electrolyte for conversion electrode (dense) is formed of a porous body.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of the sensor of the present invention in which a conversion counter electrode is excluded from a gas inflow path.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of a conventional sensor in which a porous insulating layer is provided between a conversion electrode and a detection electrode.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a stacked sensor structure in which a sensor of the present invention that also serves as a conversion electrode and a detection electrode is provided with a front chamber.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Conversion electrode 2 Detection electrode 3 Reference electrode 4 Conversion counter electrode 5 and 6 Solid electrolyte substrate 13 Gas diffusion hole 15 Front chamber

Claims (2)

酸素イオン伝導体である固体電解質上にNOxと酸素に活性を有する検知電極と、OxをNOあるいはNO2に変換するための所定電圧が印加され変換電極が直接積層して接合され、当該変換電極と酸素イオン伝導体である別の固体電解質を挟んで変換電極用対極が設置され、前記固体電解質上にNOxに不活性な或いは測定ガスから隔離された検知極用参照極が具備された構造であって、該検知極と参照極との間の電位差を測定することによりNOx濃度を検出することを特徴とする窒素酸化物センサ。The solid electrolyte on an oxygen ion conductor, and a sensing electrode having an active to NOx and oxygen, conversion electrode predetermined voltage Ru is applied to convert the N Ox to NO or NO 2 is bonded directly laminated, A counter electrode for a conversion electrode is placed between the conversion electrode and another solid electrolyte that is an oxygen ion conductor, and a reference electrode for a detection electrode that is inert to NOx or isolated from a measurement gas is provided on the solid electrolyte. A nitrogen oxide sensor, wherein the NOx concentration is detected by measuring a potential difference between the detection electrode and the reference electrode. 酸素イオン伝導体である固体電解質上にNOxと酸素に活性を有し、NOxをNOあるいはNO2に変換するための所定電圧が印加される検知極兼変換電極が形成され、当該検知極兼変換電極と酸素イオン伝導体である別の固体電解質を挟んで変換電極用対極が設置され、前記固体電解質上にNOxに不活性な或いは測定ガスから隔離された検知極用参照極が具備された構造であって、該検知極と参照極との間の電位差を測定することによりNOx濃度を検出することを特徴とする窒素酸化物センサ。On the solid electrolyte is an oxygen ion conductor, possess activity in NOx and oxygen, sensing Gokuken conversion electrode predetermined voltage Ru is applied to convert the NOx to NO or NO 2 is formed, the detection Gokuken A counter electrode for a conversion electrode is placed between the conversion electrode and another solid electrolyte that is an oxygen ion conductor, and a reference electrode for a detection electrode that is inert to NOx or isolated from a measurement gas is provided on the solid electrolyte. A nitrogen oxide sensor having a structure, wherein the NOx concentration is detected by measuring a potential difference between the detection electrode and a reference electrode.
JP20323998A 1998-07-17 1998-07-17 Nitrogen oxide sensor Expired - Fee Related JP3881780B2 (en)

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